CN107975538A - 车轮用的轮毂轴承组件 - Google Patents

车轮用的轮毂轴承组件 Download PDF

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CN107975538A
CN107975538A CN201710956008.9A CN201710956008A CN107975538A CN 107975538 A CN107975538 A CN 107975538A CN 201710956008 A CN201710956008 A CN 201710956008A CN 107975538 A CN107975538 A CN 107975538A
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bearing
sealing
hub assembly
lip
ring
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CN107975538B (zh
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毛里奇奥·贝尔托拉
达尼埃莱·杜赫
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/0073—Hubs characterised by sealing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7816—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material
    • F16C33/782—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material of the sealing region
    • F16C33/7823—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material of the sealing region of sealing lips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/02—Hubs adapted to be rotatably arranged on axle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7816—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material
    • F16C33/782—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material of the sealing region
    • F16C33/7826—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material of the sealing region of the opposing surface cooperating with the seal, e.g. a shoulder surface of a bearing ring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7869—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted with a cylindrical portion to the inner surface of the outer race and having a radial portion extending inward
    • F16C33/7879—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted with a cylindrical portion to the inner surface of the outer race and having a radial portion extending inward with a further sealing ring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7869—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted with a cylindrical portion to the inner surface of the outer race and having a radial portion extending inward
    • F16C33/7879—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted with a cylindrical portion to the inner surface of the outer race and having a radial portion extending inward with a further sealing ring
    • F16C33/7883—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted with a cylindrical portion to the inner surface of the outer race and having a radial portion extending inward with a further sealing ring mounted to the inner race and of generally L-shape, the two sealing rings defining a sealing with box-shaped cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7889—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted to an inner race and extending toward the outer race
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/80—Labyrinth sealings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/80—Labyrinth sealings
    • F16C33/805—Labyrinth sealings in addition to other sealings, e.g. dirt guards to protect sealings with sealing lips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B2380/00—Bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
    • F16C2326/02—Wheel hubs or castors

Abstract

一种轮毂轴承组件(10)，其具有转动轴线(A)，并且设置有外圈(20)、内圈(30)和密封装置(80)，在外圈(20)与内圈(30)之间限定有中间空间(40)，内圈(30)设置有与转动轴线(A)相横向的凸缘(31)，密封装置(80)介于外圈(20)与内圈(30)之间并且设置有运动密封唇(91)，所述运动密封唇(91)在中间有第二密封遮蔽件(83)介入的情况下与凸缘(31)成一体，并朝向外圈(20)的前环形表面(21)定向。

Description

车轮用的轮毂轴承组件
技术领域
本发明涉及车轮(vehicle wheel)用的轮毂轴承组件。
背景技术
已知的轮毂轴承组件具有转动轴线并且包括：
-轴承外圈，其在径向上由与所述转动轴线同轴的圆柱外表面限定并具有遍及该圆柱外表面地形成的成形槽，其在轴向上由与所述转动轴线相横向并与所述圆柱外表面相邻的环形外表面限定；
-轴承内圈，其与外圈一起限定了中间空间(interspace)，并且设置有与所述转动轴线相横向的凸缘；和
-密封装置，其介于外圈与内圈之间，以防止任何杂质通过所述中间空间进入所述轮毂轴承组件，并且进而包括：
-第一密封遮蔽件，其与外圈成一体，并支撑在轴向上朝向所述凸缘延伸超过所述环形外表面的密封唇；
-第二密封遮蔽件，其与内圈成一体并具有：圆柱壁，所述圆柱壁绕着所述圆柱外表面放置以在成形槽的位置处限定中间空间的进口孔；和环形壁，其放置在凸缘的后面且位于密封唇前方的位置。
在上述类型的轮毂轴承组件中，为了增大密封装置的密封能力，也就是说，为了防止污染物和杂质进入中间空间，(由于外圈为静态/静止圈而实质上是静态的)第一密封遮蔽件通常设置有一个或多个另外的密封唇，各密封唇均具有特定功能，例如油封或防尘密封(的特定功能)。这些另外的密封唇一般是接触唇，也就是说，被设置成与第二遮蔽件或与内圈直接滑动接触的唇，然而，尽管一方面由第一遮蔽件支撑的唇的数量的增加改善了密封装置的密封能力，但是另一方面多个接触唇的存在也增大了由密封装置产生的摩擦，这可能对相应的轮毂轴承组件的性能有害。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种车轮用的轮毂轴承组件，这种轮毂轴承组件在具有有限的重量以便能够在与二氧化碳排放有关的日益严格的规定的背景下销售的同时，还能够增大密封能力。
根据本发明，提供了一种车轮用的轮毂轴承组件，其具有所附权利要求中所述的特征。
附图说明
现在将参照附图1来说明本发明，附图(为了清楚起见去除了部件(parts)) 示意性地示出了本发明的实施方式的非限制性示例的截面。
具体实施方式
参照图1，数字10表示轮毂轴承组件的整体，该轮毂轴承组件具有转动轴线A并且包括：轴承外圈20；轴承内圈30，其与外圈20一起限定了中间空间(interspace)40；和多个滚动体50，其介于外圈20与内圈30之间，以能够使外圈20相对于内圈30转动。
出于(在内圈上)安装(已知且未示出的)车轮的目的，内圈30设置有与转动轴线A相横向的凸缘31，并且在轴向上朝向内侧由环形安装表面32限定。
外圈20可以联接于车辆的固定元件，例如悬架支柱(suspension strut)，并且在轴向上由前环形表面21限定，该前环形表面21与轴线A相横向，(并且该前环形表面21)与凸缘31的环形安装表面32一起限定了中间空间40的进口(inlet)41。外圈20还在径向上朝向外侧由外圆柱表面22限定，该外圆柱表面22绕着转动轴线A分布并且具有遍及(through)外表面22地形成的成形槽 (shaped groove)60，并且(外圈20)进一步朝向内侧由与圆柱表面22同轴的内圆柱表面23限定：圆柱表面23和圆柱表面22这两者均与环形表面21相连续(contiguous)，并且(能够借助于倒角或弯曲接头)结合于环形表面21。成形槽60用作沟槽(gutter)并且促进(promotes)任何污染物朝向圆柱表面 22的外部的流出，并且(成形槽60)具有两个斜面(ramps)62和63，这两个斜面62和63相对于转动轴线A而言具有彼此不同的倾斜度，并且这两个斜面62和63在槽60的底部彼此结合，朝向凸缘31设置的斜面62具有比斜面63大的倾斜度。
如上所述，轮毂轴承组件10可以被(设置)介于车辆的固定元件(例如悬架支柱)与车辆的车轮之间，因此必须在受液体和灰尘两者的存在而高度污染的环境中运行(operation)：为了保持轮毂轴承组件10的技术特性和正确运行，轮毂轴承组件10包括密封装置80，该密封装置80被介于外圈20与内圈 30之间，以防止任何杂质(impurities)通过中间空间40进入轮毂轴承组件10 内，并且进而包括：
-密封遮蔽件81，其装配(fitted)在外圈20的圆柱表面23的内侧，并支撑(在轴向上朝向凸缘31延伸并(延伸)超过环形外表面21的)静态密封唇 82；和
-密封遮蔽件83，其安装在内圈30的凸缘31的表面32的后面，以使得与内圈30一致地绕着轴线A转动。
密封遮蔽件81优选由金属材料制成，在附图所示的优选实施方式中，(密封遮蔽件81)包括：圆柱部分81a，其装配在圆柱表面23的内侧；和凸缘部分81b，其大致横向于圆柱部分81a和轴线A，并且从圆柱部分81a与轴线A相横向地朝向内圈30延伸。静态唇82与凸缘部分81b成一体并朝向凸缘31延伸，形成所谓的(what is known as)沟槽，(所述沟槽)能够收集通过进口41渗透到中间空间40内的任何液体，以便将这些液体(也通过进口41)连续地排出中间空间40，并防止液体向轮毂轴承组件10内的任何渗透。
密封遮蔽件81是纯(purely)静态遮蔽件，其结合于也是静态的外圈20，并且，除了静态唇82以外，(还)可以包括另外的密封唇84，该密封唇84被放置在与静态唇82相比在中间空间40内位于径向上更远的位置，并且(密封唇84)与密封遮蔽件83滑动接触。
另一方面，密封遮蔽件83实质上是运动遮蔽件(moving shield)，其结合于也是运动的并能够绕着轴线A转动的内圈30，并且(密封遮蔽件83)也优选由金属材料制成，并且包括：
-定心和安装部分(centring and mounting portion)83a，其装配在内圈 30的与表面32相横向的外圆柱表面33上；
-环形壁83b，其与轴线A相横向、与定心部分83a成一体并且在轴向上放置在凸缘31的表面32的后面；和
-圆柱部分83c，其与所述壁83b相横向并与壁83b成一体，并在中间空间40的外部朝向外圈20延伸，以与外圈20的圆柱表面22一起限定了与中间空间40的进口41连通的进口孔(inlet aperture)42。
在附图所示的实施方式的优选示例中，定心和安装部分83a被成形为 (shaped)使得确保遮蔽件83相对于轴线A的定心、并且使得被放置成与密封唇84滑动接触。另一方面，环形壁83b被放置成在轴向上抵靠凸缘31的表面32，并且在表面21的前方的位置处通过进口41在径向上延伸超过圆柱表面 22。最后，圆柱部分83c在凸缘31的相对侧与壁83b相横向地延伸到槽60的位置，使得孔42被大致放置在斜面62的位置处。
最后，密封装置80包括：覆盖材料层90，其与密封遮蔽件83成一体；和运动密封唇91，其与层90制成一体并从环形壁83b朝向外圈20的环形外表面21延伸。厚度减至遮蔽件83的厚度的层90被放置成使得其实际上完全覆盖圆柱部分83c并且在径向上部分地覆盖环形壁83b：特别地，层90部分地覆盖圆柱部分83c的外侧并且完全地覆盖该圆柱部分的内侧，因而还限定了孔42的径向厚度，并且(层90)还部分地覆盖环形壁83b，通过进口41延伸到实际上接近唇82的点(point)。
运动密封唇91具有朝向表面21变宽(widening)的大致锥形形状，包括在不与表面21滑动接触的情况下放置在表面21前方的末端部分92，并且大致朝向与唇82轴向反向的方向，由此其在中间空间40内限定了收集室43。唇91 能够拦截(intercepting)通过孔42意外进入进口41的任何液体和杂质，并且能够(部分地借助于因其绕着轴线A转动而导致的离心作用)使这些液体和杂质朝向表面21偏转，并且能够在这些液体能进入收集室43之前将这些液体排出进口41。相对于(against)表面21引导液体和杂质的运动唇91的作用不仅是将这些液体和杂质朝向进口41的外部发送，而且如果必要的话，(迫使这些液体和杂质以与表面21大致直接接触的方式在末端部分92与表面21之间通过)发送到室43内，因而进一步优化和增强了唇82的沟槽功能，由此其以组合的方式相互作用以将液体和杂质从中间空间40排出。
为了增大其密封能力，代替添加另外的静态唇(即，不绕着轴线A转动的另外的唇)的是，密封装置80(以已知的方式)添加了运动唇91(运动唇 91绕着轴线A转动并且还使渗透到进口41内的任何液体污染物的(液)流发生偏转)，对这些液体污染物施加进一步的离心排斥作用(centrifugal expelling action)，因而在不增大密封装置80的构造难度或者造成进一步的组装问题的情况下，增大了密封装置80的排出作用(draining action)。
除了如上所述的本发明的实施方式以外，应当理解，存在许多其它变型。还应当理解，所述实施方式仅仅是示例性的，并且不限制本发明的范围、应用或可能的构造。而相反，尽管以上说明能够使本领域技术人员以至少一个示例性构造应用本发明，但是应当理解，可以在不脱离(如在所附权利要求中限定的、在字面上和/或根据其法律等同物解释的)本发明的范围的情况下，设计出所描述的组成部件的许多变型。

Claims (4)

1.一种轮毂轴承组件(10)，其具有转动轴线(A)，并且包括：
-外轴承圈(20)，其在径向上以与所述转动轴线(A)同轴的圆柱外表面(22)为界，其在轴向上由与所述转动轴线(A)相横向并与所述圆柱外表面(22)相邻的环形表面(21)限定；
-内轴承圈(30)，其与所述外圈(20)一起限定了中间空间(40)，并且设置有与所述转动轴线(A)相横向的凸缘(31)；和
-密封装置(80)，其介于所述外圈(20)与所述内圈(30)之间，以防止任何杂质通过所述中间空间(40)进入所述轮毂轴承组件(10)，并进而包括：
-第一密封遮蔽件(81)，其结合于所述外圈(20)，并支撑在轴向上朝向所述环形凸缘(31)延伸超过所述外表面(21)的静态密封唇(82)；
-第二密封遮蔽件(83)，其与所述内圈(30)结合，并具有抵靠所述凸缘(31)设置的且位于所述静态密封唇(82)的前方位置的环形壁(83b)；
所述轮毂轴承组件(10)的特征在于，所述密封装置(80)包括动态唇(91)，所述动态唇(91)结合于所述第二密封遮蔽件(83)的环形壁(83b)并朝向所述外圈(20)的环形表面(21)定向。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轮毂轴承组件，其特征在于，所述静态密封唇(82)和所述动态密封唇(91)这两者不接触并且相对于彼此在相反的轴向上定向。
3.根据权利要求2所述的轮毂轴承组件，其特征在于，所述轴承的外圈(20)具有遍及所述外圆柱表面(22)地形成的成形槽(60)，并且相结合地，所述第二密封遮蔽件(83)包括圆柱部分(83c)，该圆柱部分(83c)围绕所述圆柱外表面(21)地放置，以与所述成形槽(60)相对应地限定所述中间空间(40)的进口区域(42)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的轮毂轴承组件，其特征在于，所述密封装置(80)包括与所述环形壁(83b)以及与所述圆柱部分(83c)成一体的涂覆材料层(90)；所述密封动态唇(91)与所述涂覆材料层(90)被制成一体。
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