CN107953146B - Crankshaft machining multi-process combination machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

A multi-procedure combined machine tool for crankshaft machining is used for mass production after crankshaft finish machining. The combined machine tool is provided with a straight line track in the front-back and left-right directions; the drilling center and the tool magazine are fixed at the boss position of the combined machine tool; the pin pressing table is arranged on the right side of the drilling machining center and on the linear guide rail in the front-back direction; the V-shaped block, the axial propping device, the pushing clamping device and the longitudinal compacting device are all fixed on the movable workbench; the gear heating table, the manipulator and the gear rack are arranged on the right side of the pin pressing table, the truss is fixed on the ground on the right side of an operation station on one side of the combined machine tool, and the upper end of the manipulator is sleeved on the truss; the cooling water tank is arranged on the right side of the gear heating table; the gear press device is arranged on a right-left linear rail of the right end of the combined machine tool body. The invention can continuously finish multi-working procedures such as crankshaft drilling, expanding, reaming, automatic pin feeding, riveting, gear heating, hot-press assembly and the like, has high degree of automation, compact working rhythm and low labor intensity, and can greatly improve the hot-press assembly quality of the pin pressing and the gear.

Description

Crankshaft machining multi-process combination machine tool

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of automobile parts manufacturing, in particular to a multi-process combined machine tool for specialized batch production of crankshafts.

Background technique

According to the crankshaft processing process, the crankshaft has the following processing steps after finishing:

1. Processing the pin hole on the crankshaft gear journal: hoist the crankshaft onto the drilling machine fixture and clamp it in place, and use another set of drilling jigs to process the pin hole on the gear journal. The processing sequence is: center drill for precise positioning of the hole; twist drill for the bottom hole of the pin hole; reamer for reaming the pin hole, and countersink for chamfering the pin hole. Each time a crankshaft is processed, the tool needs to be changed four times manually. Moreover, due to the different diameters of the center drill, twist drill and reamer, the diameter of the drilling jig is also different, and the drilling jig needs to be replaced multiple times.

2. Manually install the pin: press one end of the chamfered pin into the pin hole, then put the limit plate with a hole on the pin, and hit the pin with a copper hammer until the pin is flush with the limit plate. Generally, this process is performed on the material rack, which will cause the material rack and space to occupy more, making the production site more chaotic, the operation is very inconvenient, and it is easy to cause bumps and scratches on the crankshaft.

3. Heating and installing gears: Each gear needs to be manually placed in a heating tool by the operator. After heating, the operator puts the gear on manually with protective gloves, and then hits the special axial pressing sleeve with a hammer to assemble the gear in place. If the operator frequently assembles the gear for a long time, errors may occur, or the gear may be installed in the opposite direction or not installed in place, resulting in waste.

In summary, the above processing technology has the following defects:

1. It requires multiple processes to complete, with a long cycle and low efficiency.

2. The equipment is simple, the production equipment is backward, and the processing technology is simple and rough. The pin holes are drilled using an ordinary bench-type drilling machine, which has low precision, simple structure, large spindle rotation and swing, and a special guide sleeve needs to be made to ensure processing accuracy.

3. Manual operation and multiple lifting of the crankshaft make the crankshaft easily damaged, the labor intensity is high, time-consuming and labor-intensive, the production method is backward and cannot adapt to large-scale automated production.

4. A large number of operators are required, resulting in a waste of human resources and increased labor costs.

5. The drilling machine rotates at high speed, and the operator needs to change the tool and the drilling jig sleeve many times, which can easily scratch the hands; iron filings can easily splash and hurt the eyes; copper hammers hitting pins can easily hurt the hands; gear installation can easily burn fingers. Work-related accidents occur frequently, and the safety hazards are quite large.

6. Replacing tools and drilling jigs many times is inefficient.

7. Quality is difficult to guarantee.

8. When drilling, the operator feeds the tool manually. When the feed force is uneven, the tool is prone to breakage, resulting in a waste of tool costs.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a crankshaft machining multi-process combined machine tool that can automatically complete the crankshaft pin hole machining, pin pressing, heating and gear assembly processes.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention objectives, the modular machine tool of the present invention is provided with forward and backward linear rails and left and right linear rails; the drilling processing center and the tool magazine are fixed at the boss position of the modular machine tool; the pinning table that can move in the forward and backward directions is placed on the right side of the drilling processing center and on the forward and backward linear rails at the boss position; the V-block, axial clamping device, pushing clamping device and longitudinal clamping device for clamping the crankshaft to be processed are all fixed on the movable workbench and are located on the left side of the drilling processing center and the tool magazine; the gear heating table that can move in the forward and backward and left and right directions, the manipulator for grabbing the gear and the gear rack are placed on the right side of the pinning table and distributed on both sides in the width direction of the bed of the modular machine tool, the truss is fixed to the ground on the right side of the operating station on one side of the modular machine tool by means of anchor screws through columns, and the upper end of the manipulator that automatically grabs the gear from the gear rack is sleeved on the truss; the cooling water tank is placed on the right side of the gear heating table; the gear pressing device is placed on the left and right linear rails at the right end of the bed of the modular machine tool.

The bed worktable of the combined machine tool is provided with grooves for preventing liquid and iron chips from overflowing around it, and is also provided with chip removal holes, under which there is a chip box for collecting iron chips. The two parallel planes in the middle of the bed are installed with left and right linear rails, and the left and right linear rails are equipped with accordion guide rail dust covers.

There are two V-blocks, which are respectively supported on the main journals at both ends of the crankshaft to be processed that is transferred to the modular machine tool; the axial clamping device used for axial positioning of the crankshaft to be processed is a cylinder, and a protective sleeve is provided at the tightening contact between the axial clamping device and the crankshaft to be processed; the pushing clamping device used for clamping the connecting rod neck of the crankshaft to be processed is a cylinder, and a limit rod is provided on the fixed bracket opposite to the pushing clamping device; the longitudinal clamping device is a flip-type clamping cylinder, which presses the crankshaft to be processed through the crankshaft clamping plate.

The vibrating table of the pinning table is fixed on the modular machine tool, the two ends of the lower pin tube lead to the vibrating table and the front of the piston rod of the pin pushing cylinder respectively, the pinning cylinder and the pin pushing cylinder are respectively fixed on the upper and lower parts of the pinning table, a proximity switch is provided in the middle part of the lower pin tube, and the lower part of the pinning table is provided with an electronic ruler for detecting the pinning depth and a pinning lower limit block; the pinning table moves forward and backward on a straight track in the front and rear directions through the action of the cylinder.

The gear heating platform is mounted on the longitudinal and transverse carriages, and is moved in the front-rear and left-right directions respectively by cylinder 1 and cylinder 2. The gear heating platform is provided with a heating tube.

A gear rack turntable is installed in the center of the gear rack, a gear tray and a detection switch for detecting the position of the gear are installed on the gear rack turntable, a motor for driving the gear rack to rotate through a dividing plate is installed below the gear rack, and a motor for pushing the gear tray up and down through a chain transmission structure is also installed.

The manipulator is equipped with a lateral moving mechanism for moving it back and forth on the truss, and is also equipped with a longitudinal moving mechanism for moving the manipulator up and down. One end of the lower part of the manipulator is provided with a manipulator claw that can be opened and closed. The manipulator claw is a parallel opening and closing type air claw. The other end of the lower part of the manipulator is equipped with a rotary servo motor.

The long cylinder and short cylinder of the gear pressing device are placed at the right end of the combined machine tool bed. The piston rod of the long cylinder is equipped with three jaws that can be opened and closed. The three jaws are parallel opening and closing type air jaws, and the three jaws can move left and right along the linear track in the left and right directions.

The modular machine tool is equipped with a movable workbench, and the servo motor on the modular machine tool drives a ball screw pair to push the movable workbench to move on a linear track in the left and right directions.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. It can continuously complete multiple processes such as crankshaft drilling, expansion, reaming, automatic pinning, riveting, gear heating, hot pressing assembly, etc. The clamping and positioning of the crankshaft to be processed and the loosening of the processed crankshaft are all automated. The processing rhythm is compact, the labor intensity is low, and the quality of the hot pressing assembly of the pin and gear is greatly improved.

2. When pressing the pin, the electronic ruler detects that the height of the pin is too high and the machine tool alarms; only after detecting that the pin is pressed and installed qualifiedly, the heating table will start and the heating tube will heat the gear to avoid the gear being scrapped due to the inability to install after heating.

3. The detection switch can automatically detect whether there are gears on the three claws.

4. When the crankshaft is being drilled, the gear feeding mechanism can work at the same time to send the gear to the three-claw and clamp it, which saves processing time and shortens the work cycle.

5. During the drilling, expanding and reaming process, the operator can add gears and pins without delaying normal work.

6. The entire process does not require a turnover rack.

7. Due to the precision guarantee of machine tools and related components, when the gears are hot-pressed and assembled, the keyway of the gear inner hole can be completely free from misalignment with the protruding part of the pin.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a simplified structural diagram of a crankshaft, gears and pins according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of crankshaft positioning and clamping.

FIG. 4 is an A-A view of FIG. 3 .

Fig. 5 is a B-B view of Fig. 3.

FIG6 is a simplified structural diagram of the present invention.

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the robot and the eight-station gear automatic material storage and loading mechanism.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, the pin 3 is press-fitted into the pin hole 12 on the gear journal 4 of the crankshaft 1 with an interference fit. The protruding part of the pin 3 is higher than the gear journal 4 by a height b (the height of b is less than the keyway depth of the gear 2). The inner keyway on the gear 2 is aligned with the pin 3 and hot-pressed onto the gear journal 4, and the gap between the end face of the M1 main journal 5 is a.

To achieve the above assembly, when designing the combined machine tool bed, the present invention combines all processing components around the bed 36. The machine body is designed as a rectangular structure of L×S, where all processing components can be placed in the L length direction, and the S width direction can ensure all positioning and clamping tooling positions of the crankshaft 48 to be processed and leave chip removal holes 9. Since the Z540 drilling machining center 47 and the pinning table 25 need to be placed on the bed 36, during installation, it is ensured that the Z axis 34 of the drilling machining center 47 and the left and right moving X axis 38 of the crankshaft 48 to be processed intersect in the vertical plane; similarly, when the pinning table 25 is working, the cylinder needs to push it forward along the direction perpendicular to the left and right straight track 7 to ensure that the center line of the pin 3 intersects with the X axis 38 in the vertical plane. After the work is completed, it moves backward and returns to its original position to make room for the subsequent installation of the gear 2. Therefore, the boss position of L1×S1 is added at the appropriate position of the rectangular structure of the bed 36, and the entire machine bed 36 forms a boss-type rectangular parallelepiped structure. The bed is closed on all four sides and reinforced by ribs to enhance rigidity. A groove 6 is provided around the workbench of the bed 36 to prevent liquid and iron chips from overflowing, and there are two chip removal holes 9. Since the combined machine tool does not need to design a cooling device for the drilling processing center 47, there is generally no liquid discharge, and the pin hole cutting amount is very small, so only a chip box needs to be made under the two chip removal holes 9 to collect iron chips, and it can be cleaned once a week. The two parallel planes in the middle of the bed 36 are installed with left and right linear rails 7, and the accordion guide dust cover is installed on the upper side of the left and right linear rails 7. The movable workbench 37 is installed on the left side of the left and right linear rails 7. The movable workbench 37 drives the ball screw pair 53 through the servo motor 52 on the modular machine tool to push the movable workbench 37 to move on the left and right linear rails 7; the long cylinder 29 and the short cylinder 30 are fixed on the lower end of the machine tool bed 36 at the right end of the left and right linear rails 7, and the three claws 27 are movable devices, which are assembled on the right side of the left and right linear rails 7 and connected to the cylinder, and can move left and right along the left and right linear rails 7. According to the direction of the production line process flow, the modular machine tool is placed on one side of the flow roller 49, the crankshaft 48 to be processed is placed on the left side of the flow roller 49, and the operator stands at the position of the operating station 8 with his back to the flow roller 49; during processing, the crankshaft 48 to be processed is hoisted from the left side and placed on the movable workbench 37 on the left side of the bed 36. In this way, the operator can process more smoothly, the lifting distance is the shortest, and it meets the production flow requirements; when the modular machine tool is returned to its original position after processing, the operator lifts the finished crankshaft 1 from the movable workbench 37 on the left and places it on the right side of the circulation roller 49, and flows to the next process in the direction of the arrow. During the entire processing process, no turnover rack is required and no large space is required.

The modular machine tool of the present invention is provided with a front-to-back linear track 57 and a left-to-right linear track 7; a drilling machining center 47 and a tool magazine 21 are fixed on the left side of the boss position of the modular machine tool L1×S1; a pinning table 25 that can move in the front-to-back direction is placed on the right side of the drilling machining center 47 and on the front-to-back linear track 57 of the boss position; a V-block 14, an axial clamping device 19, a pushing clamping device 13, and a longitudinal clamping device 15 for clamping a crankshaft 48 to be processed are all fixed on a movable workbench 37, and are located between the drilling machining center 47 and the tool magazine 21. 1; the gear heating table 26 that can move forward and backward and left and right, the manipulator 40 for grabbing the gear, and the gear rack 45 are placed on the right side of the pinning table 25 and are distributed on both sides of the width direction of the modular machine tool bed. The truss 56 is fixed to the right side of the ground of the operating station 8 on one side of the modular machine tool through the column with anchor screws, and the upper end of the manipulator 40 that automatically grabs the gear 2 from the gear rack 45 is sleeved on the truss 56; the cooling water tank 28 is placed on the right side of the gear heating table 26; the gear pressing device is placed on the left and right straight track 7 at the right end of the modular machine tool bed.

There are two V-blocks 14, which are supported on the main journals at both ends of the crankshaft 48 to be processed that is transferred to the modular machine tool; the axial clamping device 19 for axial positioning of the crankshaft 48 to be processed is a cylinder, and the axial clamping device 19 and the crankshaft 48 to be processed are in contact with a protective sleeve to prevent the crankshaft surface from being bumped and scratched during the process of clamping the crankshaft 48 to be processed, and to increase the contact surface. The protective sleeve material is generally brass. The cylinder is opened, the axial clamping device 19 clamps the crankshaft 48 to be processed, and the cylinder is closed. The axial clamping device 19 loosens the crankshaft 48 to be processed; the pushing clamping device 13 used to clamp the connecting rod neck of the crankshaft 48 to be processed is a cylinder, and a limit rod is provided on the fixed bracket opposite the pushing clamping device 13; the longitudinal clamping device 15 is a flip-type clamping cylinder, which clamps the crankshaft 48 to be processed through the crankshaft clamping plate 20. When the switch is started, the cylinder and the crankshaft clamping plate 20 clamp the crankshaft 48 to be processed in a vertical direction. When the switch is turned off, the longitudinal clamping device 15 loosens the crankshaft 48 to be processed. The positioning and clamping steps of the crankshaft 48 to be processed are as follows: the first step is to place the M2 main journal 11 and the M6 main journal 17 of the hoisted crankshaft 48 to be processed on two V-blocks 14; the second step is to use the axial clamping device 19 to clamp the crankshaft 48 to be processed to the right, at this time, the flange limit end face 18 is positioned so that the crankshaft 48 to be processed is axially limited; the third step is to push the clamping device 13 to clamp the P6 connecting rod neck 10; the fourth step is to use the longitudinal clamping device 15 to clamp the crankshaft 48 to be processed through the crankshaft clamping plate 20. The entire crankshaft 48 to be processed is positioned and clamped, so that its position in subsequent processing is fixed firmly, and the processing accuracy can meet the use of the combined machine tool through the design of the fixture. All clamping devices are automatically clamped by the machine tool, which saves the labor intensity of the operator.

The vibrating table 23 of the pinning table 25 is fixed on the modular machine tool, and the two ends of the lower pin tube 24 lead to the vibrating table 23 and the front of the piston rod of the pin pushing cylinder 31 respectively. The pinning cylinder 22 and the pin pushing cylinder 31 are respectively fixed on the upper and lower parts of the pinning table 25. The pin pushing cylinder 31 can push the pin 3 to move to the left, moving the position of one pin at a time. The pinning cylinder 22 presses the pin 3 into the pin hole 12. The middle part of the lower pin tube 24 is provided with a proximity switch 51, and the lower part of the pinning table 25 is provided with an electronic ruler 32 for detecting the pinning depth and a pinning lower limit block 33; the pinning table 25 moves forward and backward on the linear track 57 in the front and rear directions through the action of the cylinder. The operating steps of the drilling machining center 47 and the tool magazine 21 are as follows: the first step is to move the crankshaft 48 to be processed to the right along the X-axis 38 so that the position of the pin hole 12 to be processed is aligned with the Z-axis 34, and the feed amount is the right machine tool CNC; the second step is that the drilling machining center 47 automatically changes the tool from the tool magazine 21; the third step is to drill the pin hole 12, and the current tool position of the tool magazine 21 is 35; the fourth step is that the drilling machining center 47 automatically changes the tool from the tool magazine 21; the fifth step is that the drilling machining center 47 chamfers the pin hole 12; the sixth step is that the drilling machining center 47 automatically changes the tool from the tool magazine 21; the seventh step is that the drilling machining center 47 reams the pin hole. The action flow of the pinning table 25 is as follows: the first step is to transport the pin 3 from the vibrating table 23 to the lower pin tube 24. When the proximity switch 51 located in the middle of the lower pin tube 24 does not detect the pin 3, the vibrating table 23 automatically starts; through the vibrating table 23, the pin 3 can be uniformly discharged in the direction of the chamfered end first, the beat is adjustable, and the discharge is uniform; the second step is to move the crankshaft 48 to be processed to the right along the X-axis 38 to the pinning position; the third step is that the pinning table 25 moves forward; the fourth step is that the piston rod of the push cylinder 31 extends to the left to push the pin 3 to the pin hole 12; the fourth step is that the piston rod of the pinning cylinder 22 extends downward to press the pin 3 and then pauses, and the pinning depth is detected by the electronic ruler 32, and the size of the protruding part of the pin 3 reaches "b"; the fifth step is that the piston rod of the pinning cylinder 22 returns to its original position upward; the sixth step is that the piston rod of the push cylinder 31 moves to the right; the seventh step is that the pinning table 25 returns to its original position backward.

The gear heating platform 26 is installed on the longitudinal and transverse slides, and can be moved forward and backward and left and right by cylinder 1 54 and cylinder 2 55 respectively. The longitudinal slide is pushed by cylinder 1 54, and the transverse slide is pushed by cylinder 2 55. The gear heating platform 26 is equipped with a heating tube 46. The cooling water tank 28 is placed in the neutral position on the right side of the gear heating platform 26, and is kept close for easy installation and cooling. The operation process of the heating platform 26: the first step is to move the crankshaft 48 to the right along the X-axis 38 after the pin is pressed to the position where the gear 2 is waiting to be set; the second step is to move the heating platform 26 forward first, and then move right to the gear 2; the third step is to start the heater, and after heating for the set time, the heater is turned off; the fourth step is to move the heating platform 26 to the left, and the heating tube 46 exits the gear 2 and returns to its original position.

The center of the gear rack 45 is equipped with a gear rack turntable 44, a gear tray 43 and a detection switch 42 for detecting the position of the gear 2 are installed on the gear rack turntable 44, and a motor for driving the gear rack 45 to rotate through a dividing plate is installed below the gear rack 45, and a motor is also installed to push the gear tray 43 up and down through a chain transmission structure. The operator manually stacks the gear 2 on the gear tray 43 according to the principle that the gear mark direction is downward and the gear keyway direction is consistent. The number of gears on the gear tray 43 is not limited, and it can be full at most, or it can be less or empty. The truss 56 is perpendicular to the left and right straight track 7. The manipulator 40 is installed on a transverse moving mechanism (which can be purchased directly from outside) so that it can move back and forth on the truss 56; the manipulator 40 is installed on a longitudinal moving mechanism (which can be purchased directly from outside) so that it can move up and down on the truss 56, so that the manipulator claw 41 can grab the gear 2 downward and avoid obstacles upward to reach the required installation height; one end of the lower part of the manipulator 40 is provided with a manipulator claw 41 that can be opened and closed, and the manipulator claw 41 is a parallel opening and closing type air claw. The other end of the lower part of the manipulator 40 is equipped with a rotating servo motor 39. After the manipulator claw 41 of the manipulator 40 grabs the gear 2, before placing the three claws 27, the rotating servo motor 39 drives the manipulator claw 41 to rotate 90° so that the manipulator claw 41 is facing the three claws 27. The automatic operation steps of the gear rack 45 are as follows: Step 1, the machine tool starts, and the gear tray 43 rises; Step 2, the detection switch 42 does not detect the gear 2, and the gear tray 43 descends to the lower limit and stops; Step 3, the gear rack turntable 44 rotates 45° (one barrel position); Step 4, the gear tray 43 rises, the detection switch 42 detects the gear 2, the gear tray 43 stops rising, and the automatic process of the gear rack 45 ends. Then the action flow of the manipulator 40 is started: the first step is that the manipulator claw 41 is closed; the second step is that the manipulator 40 moves downward to prepare to grab the gear 2; the third step is that the manipulator claw 41 opens and supports the gear 2 from the inside; the fourth step is that the manipulator 40 moves upward through the longitudinal moving mechanism to reach a height that can avoid obstacles, and then moves toward the machine tool through the transverse moving mechanism to send the gear 2 to the side of the gear pressing device; the fifth step is that the manipulator 40 rotates to 90° under the action of the rotary servo motor 39 to make the gear 2 parallel to the three claws 27; the sixth step is that the manipulator 40 moves downward; the seventh step is that the short cylinder 30 of the two-stroke cylinder moves forward, and the gear 2 enters the three claws 27; the eighth step is that the three claws 27 close and grab the gear 2; the ninth step is that the manipulator claw 41 closes and disengages the gear 2; the tenth step is that the manipulator 40 rotates back to 0°, the manipulator 40 moves upward, and the manipulator 40 moves toward the gear rack 45 and returns to its original position.

The long cylinder 29 and the short cylinder 30 of the gear pressing device constitute a double-stroke cylinder (the long cylinder 29 is located in front, and the short cylinder 30 is located in the back, which is a pneumatic component that can be purchased directly), which is fixed on the right side of the bed of the modular machine tool. The piston rod of the long cylinder 29 is equipped with a three-claw 27 that can be opened and closed. The three-claw 27 is a parallel opening and closing type air claw, and the three-claw 27 can move left and right along the linear track 7 in the left and right directions. The long cylinder 29 of the double-stroke cylinder fixed on the right end of the bed 36 pushes the movable device with the three-claw 27 forward, and the heated gear 2 is mounted on the gear journal of the crankshaft. After waiting for a while, the long cylinder 29 and the short cylinder of the double-stroke cylinder drive the three-claw 27 to return to their original position.

The processing flow of the modular machine tool of the present invention is as follows:

1. The gear rack 45 automatically searches for the gear 2, and the manipulator 41 grabs the gear 2 from the gear rack 45. The manipulator 41 sends the gear 2 to the three claws 27 and clamps it, and the manipulator 41 returns to its original position.

2. The crankshaft 48 to be processed is clamped and moved along the X-axis 38 to the processing position of the pin hole 12. The tool magazine 21 changes tools in sequence, and the drilling processing center 47 processes the chamfer of the pin hole 12. The tool magazine 21 changes tools, and the drilling processing center 47 drills the pin hole 12. The tool magazine 21 changes tools, and the drilling processing center 47 reams the pin hole 12.

3. The vibrating table 23 discharges the material, and the crankshaft 48 to be processed moves rightward along the X-axis 38 to the pressing position. The pressing table 25 pushes the pin 3 to the pin hole 12, and the electronic ruler 32 detects the pressing depth.

4. The heating tube 46 heats the gear 2, and the crankshaft 48 to be processed after being pressed is moved rightward along the X-axis 38 to the position of the gear 2 to fit the gear 2.

5. Return the finished crankshaft 1 after the gear 2 is installed along the X-axis 38 to the loading and unloading position of the crankshaft 48 to be processed, release it, and the operator lifts the finished crankshaft 1 from the movable workbench 37 on the left and places it on the right side of the flow roller 49, and transfers it to the next process in the direction of the arrow.

Claims (8)

1. A crankshaft processing multi-process combined machine tool, characterized in that: the combined machine tool is provided with a front-to-back direction linear track (57) and a left-to-right direction linear track (7); a drilling processing center (47) and a tool magazine (21) are fixed at a boss position of the combined machine tool; a pinning table (25) movable in the front-to-back direction is placed on the right side of the drilling processing center (47) and on the front-to-back direction linear track (57) at the boss position; a V-shaped block (14), an axial clamping device (19), a pushing clamping device (13), and a longitudinal clamping device (15) for clamping a crankshaft (48) to be processed are all fixed on a movable workbench (37) and are located at the drilling processing center (4 7) and the left side of the tool magazine (21); a gear heating table (26) that can move forward and backward and left and right, a manipulator (40) for grabbing gears, and a gear rack (45) are placed on the right side of the pinning table (25) and distributed on both sides of the width direction of the combined machine tool bed; a truss (56) is fixed to the right side of the ground of an operating station (8) on one side of the combined machine tool through a column with anchor screws, and the upper end of the manipulator (40) that automatically grabs the gear (2) from the gear rack (45) is sleeved on the truss (56); a cooling water tank (28) is placed on the right side of the gear heating table (26); and a gear pressing device is placed on a linear track (7) in the left and right directions at the right end of the combined machine tool bed; The long cylinder (29) and the short cylinder (30) of the gear pressing device are placed at the right end of the combined machine tool bed, and the piston rod of the long cylinder (29) is provided with three claws (27) that can be opened and closed, and the three claws (27) are parallel opening and closing type air claws, and the three claws (27) can move left and right along the linear track (7) in the left and right directions; The drilling processing center (47) is placed on a bed (36), and the bed (36) is a boss-type rectangular parallelepiped structure; The combined machine tool is placed on one side of the circulating roller conveyor (49), and the crankshaft (48) to be processed is placed on the left side of the circulating roller conveyor (49). 2. The crankshaft processing multi-process combined machine tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: a groove (6) for preventing liquid and iron chips from overflowing is provided around the bed worktable of the combined machine tool, and a chip removal hole (9) is provided, and a chip box for collecting iron chips is provided below the chip removal hole (9), and left and right linear rails (7) are installed on the two parallel planes in the middle of the bed, and accordion guide rail dust covers are installed on the left and right linear rails (7). 3. The crankshaft processing multi-process combined machine tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: there are two V-blocks (14), which are respectively supported on the main journals at both ends of the crankshaft (48) to be processed that is transferred to the combined machine tool; the axial clamping device (19) used for axial positioning of the crankshaft (48) to be processed is a cylinder, and the axial clamping device (19) and the crankshaft (48) to be processed The contact point is provided with a protective sleeve; the pushing clamping device (13) used for clamping the connecting rod neck of the crankshaft (48) to be processed is a cylinder, and a limit rod is provided on the fixed bracket opposite to the pushing clamping device (13); the longitudinal clamping device (15) is a flip clamping cylinder, which presses the crankshaft (48) to be processed through the crankshaft clamping plate (20). 4. The crankshaft processing multi-process combined machine tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the vibrating table (23) of the pinning table (25) is fixed on the combined machine tool, the two ends of the lower pin tube (24) respectively lead to the vibrating table (23) and the front of the piston rod of the push cylinder (31), the pinning cylinder (22) and the push cylinder (31) are respectively fixed on the upper and lower parts of the pinning table (25), the middle part of the lower pin tube (24) is provided with a proximity switch (51), the lower part of the pinning table (25) is provided with an electronic ruler (32) for detecting the pinning depth and a pinning lower limit block (33); the pinning table (25) moves forward and backward on a linear track (57) in the front and rear directions through the action of the cylinder. 5. The crankshaft processing multi-process combined machine tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the gear heating platform (26) is installed on the longitudinal and transverse slides, and is moved in the front-back and left-right directions respectively by cylinder 1 (54) and cylinder 2 (55), and the gear heating platform (26) is provided with a heating tube (46). 6. The crankshaft processing multi-process combined machine tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: a gear rack turntable (44) is installed at the center of the gear rack (45), a gear tray (43) and a detection switch (42) for detecting whether the gear (2) is in position are installed on the gear rack turntable (44), and a motor for driving the gear rack (45) to rotate through a dividing plate is installed below the gear rack (45), and a motor is also installed to push the gear tray (43) up and down through a chain transmission structure. 7. The crankshaft processing multi-process combined machine tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the manipulator (40) is equipped with a lateral moving mechanism for moving it back and forth on the truss (56), and is also equipped with a longitudinal moving mechanism for moving the manipulator (40) up and down, and one end of the lower part of the manipulator (40) is provided with a manipulator claw (41) that can be opened and closed, and the manipulator claw (41) is a parallel opening and closing type air claw, and the other end of the lower part of the manipulator (40) is equipped with a rotary servo motor (39). 8. The crankshaft processing multi-process modular machine tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the modular machine tool is equipped with a movable worktable (37), and the servo motor (52) on the modular machine tool drives the ball screw pair (53) to push the movable worktable (37) to move on the linear track (7) in the left and right directions.