CN107942212A - A kind of substation's partial discharge positioning method without blur estimation based on spatial spectrum - Google Patents
A kind of substation's partial discharge positioning method without blur estimation based on spatial spectrum Download PDFInfo
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- CN107942212A CN107942212A CN201711169352.XA CN201711169352A CN107942212A CN 107942212 A CN107942212 A CN 107942212A CN 201711169352 A CN201711169352 A CN 201711169352A CN 107942212 A CN107942212 A CN 107942212A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
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Abstract
It is to include the following steps the present invention relates to a kind of substation's partial discharge positioning method without blur estimation, its technical characterstic based on spatial spectrum：Uniform circular array is selected as UHF antenna array；The local discharge signal collected is focused using least-squares algorithm；Azimuth and the pitch angle of Partial Discharge Sources are calculated using the multiple signal classification algorithm based on fourth order statistic；Change aerial array position, determine that the power equipment of shelf depreciation occurs.The present invention positions substation's shelf depreciation without blur estimation method using based on spatial spectrum, it can realize and Partial Discharge Detection and positioning are carried out to all power equipments in open type substation, and detecting system possesses less volume, occur without direction finding fuzzy problem, efficiently solve be currently based on UHF antenna array partial discharge detecting system volume is excessive, the problem of being not easy to realize inspection, and, the cost of extensive installation equipment state on-line measuring device can be substantially reduced, improves detection efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to power equipment Partial Discharge Detecting Technology field, especially a kind of spatial spectrum that is based on is without blur estimation
Substation's partial discharge positioning method.
Background technology
Open type substation substantial amounts, running environment is severe, and than more serious, shelf depreciation is asked for high voltage equipment insulation aging
Topic should more cause concern.The partial discharge detection carried out both at home and abroad at present, is usually fixedly mounted on gas-insulated combination by sensor
On the core equipment such as electric appliance and transformer, Partial Discharge Detection and positioning are carried out primarily directed to specific equipment.And in substation
Any high-tension electricity equipment such as breaker, disconnecting switch, casing and voltage/current mutual inductor shelf depreciation may occur,
Trigger insulation fault, but partial discharge monitoring device is seldom installed on devices at present.If it can establish a kind of new
Substation's shelf depreciation cruising inspection system, using less sensor, carries out substation's whole station high-tension apparatus comprehensive part
Electric discharge inspection and positioning, can effectively improve substation inspection efficiency, and reduce the cost of extensive installation on-Line Monitor Device.
For reduction system volume, the routing inspection efficiency of partial discharge detecting system is improved, Estimation of Spatial Spectrum is applied to this
In the localization method of system.Estimation of Spatial Spectrum is a kind of Direction Finding Algorithm based on array in electronic countermeasure field, compared to tradition
Single directional sensor, there is the control of flexible wave beam, high signal gain, extremely strong antijamming capability and high space
The advantages of hyperresolution.However, if array arrangement (array element number, array element spacing, array configuration) selection is improper, it will hair
Raw direction finding obscures, i.e., occurs some false spectral peaks on the spectrogram of space, disturb the resolution to true spectral peak, making can not be to part
Electric discharge is normally positioned.
The content of the invention
It is overcome the deficiencies in the prior art the mesh of the present invention, proposes a kind of based on power transformation of the spatial spectrum without blur estimation
Stand partial discharge positioning method, solve the problems, such as that direction finding obscures, direction finding precision is low and array sizes are excessive.
The present invention solves its technical problem and takes following technical scheme to realize：
A kind of substation's partial discharge positioning method without blur estimation based on spatial spectrum, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, select uniform circular array as UHF antenna array；
Step 2, using least-squares algorithm be focused the local discharge signal collected；
Step 3, calculate the azimuth of Partial Discharge Sources using the multiple signal classification algorithm based on fourth order statistic and bow
The elevation angle；
Step 4, change aerial array position, determines that the power equipment of shelf depreciation occurs.
The array element of uniform circular array described in step 1 is UHF antenna, and the spacing of adjacent array element is identical, and spacing is more than
The half-wavelength of local discharge signal；Array element number is more than 4 and without 6.
It is that the broadband local discharge signal that acquisition system collects is converted into reference frequency f to be focused on described in step 20Under
Narrow band signal process.
Least-squares algorithm comprises the steps of described in step 2：
(1) the local discharge signal collected acquisition system using discrete Fourier transform method be distributed to J bandwidth compared with
On narrow frequency band, the centre frequency of each frequency band is fj(j=0,1 ... J-1)；
(2) the reference frequency f described in step 3 is selected using following formula focusing error minimum criteria0
In formulaWherein matrix PjIt is fjUnder frequency point after denoising data covariance matrix (j=0,
1 ..., J-1), σi(Pj) it is matrix PjThe corresponding singular value of the i-th row after unusual decomposition, N is array element number；
(3) focussing matrix T (f are calculatedj)
T(fj)=Q0Qj H
In formula, Q0And QjRespectively A0Aj HLeft and right singular vectors (j=0,1 ..., J-1),HRepresent conjugate transposition, array
Flow pattern matrixSuch as following formula：
F in formulajFor the centre frequency of each frequency band, τiFor i-th of array element relative to reference array element time delay (i=1,2 ...,
N), θ is azimuth of the Partial Discharge Sources relative to array center,For the pitch angle at Partial Discharge Sources facing arrays center,TGeneration
Table transposition computing；
(4) the signal X (f after focusing on are calculated0)
In formula, X (fj) it is fjData matrix (j=0,1 ... J-1) under frequency point.
The multiple signal classification algorithm based on fourth order statistic comprises the following steps described in step 3：
(1) the fourth order cumulant R of data matrix is calculated4(f0)
In formula, X (f0) it is reference frequency point f0Under data matrix, E represent statistical average, * represent conjugate operation,Represent
Kronecker is accumulated；
(2) to R4(f0) feature decomposition is carried out, obtain the corresponding noise subspace U of small characteristic valueN, and carry out spectral peak with following formula
Search for, corresponding azimuth angle theta and pitch angle at spectral peakThe respectively orientation solution of discharge source
Max is represented and is maximized in formula,For the array manifold vector based on fourth order cumulant, it is defined as follows
The power equipment for determining that shelf depreciation occurs described in step 4 determines by varying the position of aerial array, if
It is being separated by least 2 meters more than five positions and each position, obtained azimuth, pitch angle are directed to same power equipment,
Then the power equipment can assert that there occurs shelf depreciation.
The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are：
1st, the present invention positions substation's shelf depreciation without blur estimation method using spatial spectrum, it is possible to achieve to open type
All power equipments in substation carry out Partial Discharge Detection and positioning, and detecting system possesses less volume, occurs without
Direction finding fuzzy problem, efficiently solve be currently based on UHF antenna array partial discharge detecting system volume it is excessive, be not easy
The problem of realizing inspection, can make array sizes reduce 60%, routing inspection efficiency improves 40%, and azimuth, pitch angle angle measurement error are equal
Less than 3.6 °.
2nd, the present invention takes into full account the array arrangement condition that no direction finding obscures, and in order to improve direction finding precision, should increase array element
Spacing, but when array element spacing is more than local discharge signal half-wavelength, direction finding fuzzy problem will be brought.In fact, according to equal
Nicely rounded battle array, and array element number is more than 4 (being free of 6), can obscure system generation direction finding in the case of any array sizes
Probability is decreased to 5%.
3rd, present embodiments can apply in substation's partial-discharge ultrahigh-frequency alignment system, which can be to open type substation
Interior all power equipments carry out Partial Discharge Detection and positioning, can substantially reduce extensive installation equipment state on-line checking dress
The cost put, improves detection efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the radius that sets of the present invention as the five array element uniform circular arrays of 0.3m；
Fig. 3 a are the waveform of the local discharge signal measured in laboratory；
Fig. 3 b are the frequency spectrum of the local discharge signal measured in laboratory；
Fig. 4 is the space spectrogram that the present invention obtains in the lab；
Fig. 5 a are the waveform for the local discharge signal that the present invention is measured in certain 220kV open types substation；
Fig. 5 b are the frequency spectrum of the local discharge signal measured in certain 220kV open types substation.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with attached drawing.
A kind of substation's partial discharge positioning method without blur estimation based on spatial spectrum, as shown in Figure 1, including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1, select uniform circular array as UHF antenna array, and array element number is more than 4 (being free of 6).
As a kind of embodiment, it is the uniform circular array of 0.3m to select radius, and array element number selected as 5, is established as shown in Figure 2
Coordinate system.
Step 2, using least-squares algorithm be focused the local discharge signal collected.
In this step, it is focused using Wideband Focusing algorithm, Wideband Focusing algorithm comprises the following steps：
A) discrete Fourier transform is utilized, it is relatively narrow that the local discharge signal that acquisition system is collected is distributed to J bandwidth
Frequency band on, the centre frequency of each frequency band is fj(j=0,1 ... J-1)；
B) the reference frequency f described in step 3 is selected using following formula focusing error minimum criteria0
In formulaWherein matrix PjIt is fjUnder frequency point after denoising data covariance matrix (j=0,
1 ..., J-1), σi(Pj) it is matrix PjThe corresponding singular value of the i-th row after unusual decomposition, N is array element number；
C) focussing matrix T (f are calculatedj)
T(fj)=Q0Qj H (2)
In formula, Q0And QjRespectively A0Aj HLeft and right singular vectors (j=0,1 ..., J-1), H represent conjugate transposition, array
Flow pattern matrixSuch as following formula
F in formulajFor the centre frequency of each frequency band, τiFor i-th of array element relative to reference array element time delay (i=1,2 ...,
N), θ is azimuth of the Partial Discharge Sources relative to array center,For the pitch angle at Partial Discharge Sources facing arrays center, T generations
Table transposition computing.
D) the signal X (f after focusing on are calculated0)
In formula, X (fj) it is fjData matrix (j=0,1 ... J-1) under frequency point.
As a kind of embodiment, superfrequency part is simulated in test in laboratory using the acquisition system that sample rate is 2.5GHz
Discharge signal, acquisition channel number are 5, sampling number 2500, and waveform and the frequency spectrum for collecting signal are as shown in Figure 3.Then,
By the data transfer collected to data handling system, step 2 and 3 is completed.
As a kind of embodiment, for the frequency range of step a) selection signals processing, the main frequency of local discharge signal should be
Section, i.e. 300MHz~1GHz.Above-mentioned frequency range is divided into 7 sections, every section of bandwidth is 100MHz, the centre frequency f of each frequency bandjPoint
Be not 300MHz, 400MHz, 500MHz ..., 1GHz.
As a kind of embodiment, for step c) the array manifold matrixes, the azimuth angle theta comprising Partial Discharge Sources and bow
The elevation anglePre-estimation should be carried out to it, discreet value influences final positioning result little；The frequency that the matrix includes is as each
The centre frequency f of frequency rangej。
Step 3, calculate the azimuth of Partial Discharge Sources using the multiple signal classification algorithm based on fourth order statistic and bow
The elevation angle.
In this step, the multiple signal classification algorithm based on fourth order statistic, comprises the following steps：
A) the fourth order cumulant R of data matrix is calculated4(f0)
In formula, X (f0) it is reference frequency point f0Under data matrix, E represent statistical average, * represent conjugate operation,Represent
Kronecker is accumulated；
B) to R4(f0) feature decomposition is carried out, obtain the corresponding noise subspace U of small characteristic valueN, and carry out spectral peak with following formula
Search for, corresponding azimuth angle theta and pitch angle at spectral peakThe respectively orientation solution of discharge source
Max is represented and is maximized in formula,For the array manifold vector based on fourth order cumulant, it is defined as follows
, can be with azimuthal space (- 180 °, 180 °) for the spectrum peak search described in step b) as a kind of embodiment
With (0,90 °) of pitch angle space progress subdivision, subdivision step-length is 0.5 °, and draws amplitude on azimuth, the three-dimensional of pitch angle
Space spectrogram, as shown in Figure 4.As it can be seen that direction finding fuzzy problem is not present in the spectrogram of space, which observes Partial Discharge Sources
True bearing angle and pitch angle be respectively 22.0 ° and 40 °, and the corresponding azimuth of spectral peak and pitch angle are respectively in spatial spectrum
23.0 ° and 41.2 °, angle measurement error is smaller.
Step 4, change aerial array position, determines that the power equipment of shelf depreciation occurs.
As a kind of embodiment, in addition five test points are set in laboratory, the distance of two neighboring point is 3m, and
Each point carries out shelf depreciation direction finding, its direction finding resultRespectively (47.3 °, 37.6 °), (64.4 °, 34.8 °),
(83.5 °, 39.9 °), (104.4 °, 43.2 °), (123.8 °, 41.1 °), by actual measurement, it is found that direction finding result is directed to mould
Intend discharge source, it was demonstrated that the accuracy of the localization method.
Determine in order to further illustrate a kind of substation's shelf depreciation without blur estimation based on spatial spectrum proposed by the present invention
The feasibility of position method, shelf depreciation scene positioning experiment has been carried out in the open type substation of certain 220kV.Acquisition system is adopted
Sample rate is 2.5GHz, sampling number 2500.In inspection process, doubtful local discharge signal is detected, its waveform and frequency spectrum
As shown in Figure 5.Six test points are provided with the areas adjacent, the distance of adjacent test point is 2.5m.Set each
Test point carries out Partial Discharge Detection, and carries out spatial spectrum without blur estimation, in the azimuth that each test point obtains, pitch angle
Direction finding resultRespectively (- 42 °, 54 °), (- 25 °, 57 °), (- 7 °, 51 °), (14 °, 47 °), (34 °, 49 °),
(51°,56°).By live actual measurement, it is found that the testing result of each point is directed to B phase breakers, therefore judge that the equipment is doubted
Seemingly there occurs shelf depreciation, so as to demonstrate the feasibility that this method applies to partial discharge detecting system.
It is emphasized that embodiment of the present invention is illustrative, rather than it is limited, therefore present invention bag
The embodiment being not limited to described in embodiment is included, it is every by those skilled in the art's technique according to the invention scheme
The other embodiment drawn, also belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of substation's partial discharge positioning method without blur estimation based on spatial spectrum, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1, select uniform circular array as UHF antenna array；
Step 2, using least-squares algorithm be focused the local discharge signal collected；
Step 3, the azimuth using the multiple signal classification algorithm calculating Partial Discharge Sources based on fourth order statistic and pitch angle；
Step 4, change aerial array position, determines that the power equipment of shelf depreciation occurs.
2. a kind of substation's partial discharge positioning method without blur estimation based on spatial spectrum according to claim 1, its
It is characterized in that：The array element of uniform circular array described in step 1 is UHF antenna, and the spacing of adjacent array element is identical, and spacing is big
In the half-wavelength of local discharge signal；Array element number is more than 4 and without 6.
3. a kind of substation's partial discharge positioning method without blur estimation based on spatial spectrum according to claim 1, its
It is characterized in that：It is that the broadband local discharge signal that acquisition system collects is converted into reference frequency f to be focused on described in step 20
Under narrow band signal process.
4. a kind of substation's partial discharge positioning method without blur estimation based on spatial spectrum according to claim 1, its
It is characterized in that：Least-squares algorithm comprises the steps of described in step 2：
(1) it is relatively narrow that the local discharge signal collected acquisition system using discrete Fourier transform method is distributed to J bandwidth
On frequency band, the centre frequency of each frequency band is fj(j=0,1 ... J-1)；
(2) the reference frequency f described in step 3 is selected using following formula focusing error minimum criteria0
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F in formulajFor the centre frequency of each frequency band, τiTime delay (i=1,2 ..., N) for i-th of array element relative to reference array element, θ
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(4) the signal X (f after focusing on are calculated0)
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It is characterized in that：The multiple signal classification algorithm based on fourth order statistic comprises the following steps described in step 3：
(1) the fourth order cumulant R of data matrix is calculated4(f0)
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In formula, X (f0) it is reference frequency point f0Under data matrix, E represent statistical average, * represent conjugate operation,Represent
Kronecker is accumulated；
(2) to R4(f0) feature decomposition is carried out, obtain the corresponding noise subspace U of small characteristic valueN, and carry out spectral peak with following formula and search
Rope, corresponding azimuth angle theta and pitch angle at spectral peakThe respectively orientation solution of discharge source
Max is represented and is maximized in formula,For the array manifold vector based on fourth order cumulant, it is defined as follows
6. a kind of substation's partial discharge positioning method without blur estimation based on spatial spectrum according to claim 1, its
It is characterized in that：The power equipment for determining that shelf depreciation occurs described in step 4 determines by varying the position of aerial array, if
It is being separated by least 2 meters more than five positions and each position, obtained azimuth, pitch angle are directed to same power equipment,
Then the power equipment can assert that there occurs shelf depreciation.
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| CN109239555A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-01-18 | 云南电网有限责任公司红河供电局 | A kind of automatic orientation type substation partial discharge monitoring positioning device and method |
| CN109946573A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-06-28 | 国网山东省电力公司日照供电公司 | Shelf depreciation direction-finding method and system based on cluster and wireless sensing array |
| CN109991519A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-07-09 | 上海交通大学 | Shelf depreciation direction-finding method and system based on neural network and wireless sensing array |
| CN110763967A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-07 | 上海昌鹭智能技术有限公司 | Open-type substation partial discharge on-line monitoring system |
| CN110907778A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-03-24 | 国网重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院 | GIS equipment partial discharge ultrasonic positioning method, device, equipment and medium |
| CN112630726A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-04-09 | 上海磐启微电子有限公司 | Arc array positioning method and system |
| CN113050037A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-06-29 | 上海交通大学 | Method and system for positioning abnormal sound source of transformer substation equipment |
| CN113884823A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2022-01-04 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Device and method for compensating local discharge positioning error of open-type transformer substation |
| CN117828405A (en) * | 2024-02-23 | 2024-04-05 | 兰州交通大学 | Signal positioning method based on intelligent frequency spectrum sensing |
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| CN109946573B (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2021-10-22 | 国网山东省电力公司日照供电公司 | Local discharge direction finding method and system based on clustering and wireless sensor array |
| CN110763967A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-07 | 上海昌鹭智能技术有限公司 | Open-type substation partial discharge on-line monitoring system |
| CN110907778A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-03-24 | 国网重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院 | GIS equipment partial discharge ultrasonic positioning method, device, equipment and medium |
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| CN117828405B (en) * | 2024-02-23 | 2024-05-07 | 兰州交通大学 | Signal positioning method based on intelligent frequency spectrum sensing |
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