CN107935258A - The processing unit and its application method of a kind of black and odorous water - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a treatment device for black and odorous water and its use method, which consists of the following components: (1) a coagulation sedimentation or air flotation system; (2) an electrolysis system; (3) a sludge treatment system. Use a rubber dam to divide the black and odorous water body into one section and one section of water body, and then use a lift pump to draw water from the downstream of the black and odorous water body. The outlet of the lift pump is connected to the water inlet of the coagulation sedimentation system or air flotation system. The water outlet of the air flotation system is connected to the water inlet of the electrolysis system, and the water outlet of the electrolysis system is discharged into the upstream circulation of the black and odorous water; the sludge discharge port of the coagulation sedimentation system or air flotation system is connected to the inlet of the sludge treatment system to enter the sewage Sludge dewatering machine, the sludge is dehydrated by the dewatering machine of the sludge treatment system into mud lumps and press filtrate. Through coagulation and electrolysis, SS, COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chroma are removed, and the depth of dissolved oxygen is increased to control black and odorous water bodies.

Description

A treatment device for black and odorous water and its application method

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of water pollution control of environmental engineering, and more specifically relates to a treatment device for black and odorous water and a method for using the same.

Background technique

Black and odorous water refers to blackening and smelling due to excessive pollution and exceeding its water environment capacity. It is usually lower than the surface water environmental quality standard V water quality standard, and the dissolved oxygen is less than 2.0mg/L. Most of them are located in areas with dense population, high pollution load intensity, and imperfect infrastructure, mainly including water bodies in urban built-up areas, urban-rural fringe areas, county towns, and central towns. Causes of black and odorous water bodies: (1) Exogenous organic matter and ammonia nitrogen consume oxygen in water: when the dissolved oxygen drops to a low level, a large amount of organic matter is further decomposed under the action of anaerobic bacteria, producing hydrogen sulfide, amine, ammonia and other toxic substances. Odor is a volatile small molecular compound that emits a bad smell. At the same time, under anaerobic conditions, insoluble gases such as methane, nitrogen, and hydrogen sulfide produced in the sediment carry sludge into the water phase during the ascent process, making the water body black. (2) Pollution released from endogenous sediment: When the water body is polluted, some pollutants accumulate over time and enter into the sediment of the water body through sedimentation or adsorption with particulate matter. Under acidic and reducing conditions, pollutants and ammonia nitrogen are released from the sediment, and methane and nitrogen produced by anaerobic fermentation cause the sediment to float. (3) The impact of immobility and rising water temperature: Water bodies that lose their ecological functions often have reduced or completely lost fluidity, which directly leads to a decline in the reoxygenation capacity of the water body, and the problem of oxygen deficiency in local waters or water layers is serious, forming suitable blue-green algae. The hydrodynamic conditions of rapid reproduction increase the risk of algal bloom outbreaks and cause deterioration of water quality. In addition, the increase in water temperature will accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen by microorganisms and algae residues in the water body, accelerate the consumption of dissolved oxygen, and intensify the black and odor of the water body.

Principles of treatment of black and odorous water bodies: overall planning of water and land, classification, zoning, and phased treatment, taking into account both treatment and management; based on water environment capacity, improving hydraulic conditions, giving priority to sewage interception, and combining pollution source treatment with ecological restoration.

The main methods of black and odorous water treatment are:

1. Pollution source control and treatment: mainly for point sources, non-point sources and internal sources, encourage the use of appropriate technologies to reduce target pollutant loads and meet the requirements for water body environmental capacity control.

2. Point sources mainly include concentrated urban domestic sewage, industrial and industrial park wastewater, large-scale breeding wastewater, and scattered sewage (hotels, restaurants, etc.).

3. Non-point sources mainly include urban non-point sources, planting non-point sources and village domestic sewage.

4. Endogenous pollution control, including contaminated sediment, domestic garbage and sewage recycling.

At present, dredging is the main method for endogenously polluted bottom sludge; aeration and biological treatment are used for endogenously polluted sewage recycling. Chinese patent CN 102627377B discloses a method of purifying heavily eutrophic river water and its purification device. He cuts off the upper, middle and lower parts of the river first; A method in which water is sent to the middle reaches for aeration, and then sent to a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for treatment; Chinese patent CN 102633395B discloses a water purification method for eutrophic rivers, which includes the following steps: first intercept the eutrophic rivers into upper, In the middle and lower parts, the water in the upstream part is then sent to the nano-catalyzed electrolyzer for electrolysis, and then the electrolyzed water is sent to the middle part for aeration. Neither of the above two methods can effectively reduce the phosphorus content in water. However, apart from indicators such as COD and ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus and dissolved oxygen are two important indicators of water eutrophication. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a black and odorous water body treatment method and device that can comprehensively reduce COD, BOD, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, chroma and odor through sewage cycle treatment of endogenous pollution.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a purification device and method for black and odorous water bodies with short process flow, low operating cost, strong adaptability to water quality, and good continuous effect. The purpose is to overcome the long purification cycle and poor effect of the existing technology. The defects of black and odorous water bodies improve the water quality, restore the water ecosystem, and realize the healthy and sustainable development of river and lake ecosystems.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A black and odorous water body treatment device, including three systems of coagulation sedimentation system or air flotation system, electrolysis system and sludge treatment, including the following systems:

(1) Coagulation sedimentation or air flotation system: The coagulation sedimentation or air flotation system includes coagulation reaction tanks, sedimentation tanks or air flotation machines; Add 3-80g coagulant and 0.1-1g coagulant to the cubic meter of water for coagulation reaction, generate phosphate precipitation to remove phosphorus in the water body, and remove insoluble organic matter, petroleum, animal and vegetable oil organic matter through adsorption, and enter the sedimentation tank Or the air flotation machine performs solid-liquid separation, the sludge slurry enters the sludge treatment system to dehydrate into mud, and the clear liquid enters the electrolysis system;

(2) Electrolysis system: The electrolysis system includes three units: an electrolysis machine, a DC power supply and an automatic control system; through the reaction of Cl·, OH· and O· produced by the anode during the electrolysis process with organic matter and ammonia nitrogen in the water body, CO ₂ , H ₂ O, N ₂ and NO ₃ ^- , remove organic matter in the water body, reduce COD, BOD and ammonia nitrogen; the H generated by the cathode reacts with NO ₃ ^- , organic matter and ammonia nitrogen to generate CO ₂ , H ₂ O, N ₂ ; Free radicals generated by electrolysis oxidize and decompose organisms, making them release phosphoric acid in organisms such as DNA and RNA into inorganic phosphates; free radicals generated by electrolysis oxidize and decompose organic phosphorus into inorganic phosphates;

(3) Sludge dewatering system: The sludge dewatering system is composed of a sludge pump, a thickening tank, and a dehydrator; the sludge is pumped into the sludge thickening tank by the sludge pump for precipitation and concentration, and then dehydrated into mud by the dehydrator.

The sedimentation tank is a kind of high-efficiency sedimentation tank or inclined tube sedimentation tank.

The electrolysis system is a direct electrolysis system or an indirect electrolysis system.

The working voltage of the electrolyzer is 10-380V, the voltage between the two electrodes is 1-10V, the current density is 10-600mA/cm ² , and the residence time of the clear liquid in the electrolyzer is 1s-1min.

The electrolytic machine is provided with a power supply and an electrolytic cell, and the electrodes in the electrolytic cell are graphite, titanium, iron, aluminum, zinc, copper, lead, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, alloys, titanium electrodes coated with noble metal oxides Or one of the inert electrodes coated with nano-catalytic noble metal oxides.

The surface layer of the nano-catalytic inert electrode is coated with noble metal oxide inert catalytic coating with crystal grains of 10-60nm, and the substrate of the nano-catalytic inert electrode is a titanium plate, other metal plates or plastic plates.

The coagulant is one or any combination of two or more of iron salt, aluminum salt, polyaluminum, and polyiron; the iron salt is ferric sulfate or ferrous sulfate, and the dosage is 3 to 20 g/m ³ ; the The aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate or aluminum chloride, the dosage is 30-80g/ ^m3 ; the polyaluminum is polyaluminum chloride, polyaluminum sulfate or polyaluminum silicate, 30-80g/ ^m3 ; the polyiron is Polyferric chloride, polyferric sulfate or polyferric silicate, 10-40g/m ³ .

The coagulation aid is PAM, and the dosage is 0.1-1 g/m ³ .

The coagulation sedimentation or air flotation system also includes a dosing device for adding sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to adjust the pH of the sewage to 7-9 when the pH of the water body is less than 7.

The air flotation machine is a dissolved air flotation machine or a shallow air flotation machine.

There may also be an oxidation reaction tank before the coagulation reaction tank, in order to add an oxidant to oxidize the organic matter in the black and odorous water body.

The electrolysis system can also be placed before the coagulation reaction tank.

The coagulation reaction tank and the sedimentation tank are combined into one structure, the front part is a coagulation reaction zone, and the rear part is a sedimentation separation zone.

After the electrolysis system, an oxidation reaction tank with a residence time of 5 to 20 minutes may be provided, so that free radicals generated by electrolysis can fully react with harmful substances in the water body, and promote water body treatment.

The method for using the above-mentioned black and odorous water treatment device includes the following steps:

(1) Sectional interception: the black and odorous water body is segmented or divided into several water bodies by rubber dams, and water is taken from the downstream of the black and odorous water body with a pump, and pumped to the coagulation reaction tank;

(2) Coagulation sedimentation or air flotation: Add 3-80g coagulant per cubic meter of water to the reaction tank after pumping the black and odorous water in step (1), react for 3-15 minutes, and then add 0.1-1g PAM to help The coagulant is stirred slowly for 3 to 5 minutes to promote the formation of alum flowers, and enter the sedimentation tank or air flotation tank to separate into clarified liquid and mud;

(3) Electrolysis: The clarified liquid obtained by coagulation precipitation or air flotation in step (2) enters the electrolyzer, the working voltage of the electrolysis is 10-380V, the voltage between the two electrodes is 1-10V, and the current density is 10-600mA/cm2 , The residence time of the clear liquid in the electrolysis machine in step (2) is 1s~1min; after electrolysis, it flows into the upstream of the black and odorous water body, and after several cycles, the black and odorous water body is transformed into a clarified water body.

(4) Sludge dehydration: After step (2) coagulation sedimentation or air flotation separation, the mud is pumped into the dehydrator for dehydration and separation into filtrate and mud.

The following electrode reactions occur in the electrolysis of the electrolysis system:

1. Anode

The main electrode reaction is: 2Cl﹣-2e →2 Cl →Cl ₂ ↑

3H ₂ O+ 2e → O + 2H ₃ O ^﹢

Due to the generation of H ₃ O+, the alkalinity decreases and the acidity increases near the anode.

,cathode

The cathode is made of pure metal titanium (or stainless steel plate). In the electrolysis of water, the cathode also plays an important role in purifying water: reducing the concentration of heavy metal ions and active phosphorus, etc., the water quality is greatly improved, and can reach super-class water standard.

At the cathode, the main chemical reaction is: H ₂ O → H ⁺ +OH ^-

The main electrode reaction is: 2H ⁺ +2e → 2H → H ₂ ↑

2H ₃ O ⁺ +2e→2H·+2H ₂ O → H ₂ ↑+2H ₂ O

Near the cathode, the acidity decreases and the alkalinity increases due to the evolution of _H2 .

Other effects of the electrode process at the cathode:

①Polarization

When energized, there are a large number of electrons on the cathode. At this time, due to the effect of the electric field, the cations in the water such as H ₃ O ⁺ , Na ⁺ , Ca ²⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , Pb ²⁺ , Cu ²⁺ ...... It will migrate to the cathode, forming concentration polarization.

②Multiple layer effect

The concentration of cations on the surface of the cathode will increase significantly, and an electric double layer will be formed, and anions will exist in the outer layer of the electric double layer (such as HPO ₄ ^2- , HCO ₃ ^- , Cl ^-... anions with opposite charges, this The ions in the layer are called "counter ions"), thus generating a "triple electric layer", as shown in Figure 6:

③Precipitation reaction

Due to the acid-base effect, the balance of HPO ₄ ^2- ↔H ⁺ +PO ₄ ^3- shifts to the right. Due to the electric double layer effect, [Ca ²⁺ ] and [PO ₄ ^3- ] near the cathode increase significantly, so the precipitation reaction occurs:

3Ca ²⁺ +2PO ₄ ^3- →Ca ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ ↓

The free radicals produced by the electrode reaction are highly active, and "O·, OH·" can react with their close organic molecules to generate water and carbon dioxide; "O·" reacts with "NH ₃ " to generate water and "NO ₃ ^- ";"Cl · and H·" react with similar "NO ₃ ^- " and "ammonia nitrogen) to generate N ₂ and H ₂ O.

Since the electron mist is sprayed on the surface of the electrode under the condition of low voltage and high current, the electrode reaction not only occurs on the surface of the electrode, but also in the three-dimensional space of the whole electrolyzer.

Electrolysis also has air flotation, synergistic and deodorizing effects:

During the electrolysis process, if the H produced by the cathode does not react with the nitrate nitrogen in time, hydrogen gas will be generated and a large number of microbubbles will be formed. As the gas floats up, a large amount of suspended solids will be brought out to achieve the effect of solid-liquid separation and form The air flotation effect further reduces the COD, chroma, turbidity and other pollution indexes in the wastewater.

In addition to generating free radicals, electrolysis can also produce significant synergistic effects, such as acid-base effects, multi-layer effects, air flotation effects, induction effects, and adsorption effects, which can greatly improve the efficiency of NCE.

Electrolysis removes the free radicals produced and the smelling substances in the sewage, and can eliminate the smell. The electromagnetic oscillation in the electrolysis process can cause the chemical bonds of the smelly substances to open and break the chain, thereby eliminating the smell. Therefore, electrolysis has an unbelievable deodorizing effect.

The present invention controls the principle of black and odorous water body:

1. The principle of removing COD and BOD

A large number of strong oxidizing free radicals will be generated in the process of nanocatalytic electrolysis, which can quickly oxidize and decompose reducing substances in water (including organic substances such as dyes), and reduce COD in wastewater (sewage) by 20-40%. Namely: Oxidation: NCE can produce chemically active free radicals, such as Cl, H, O, OH, etc. under the condition of electrification, and these free radicals can quickly combine with organic substances in the solution, such as COD, BOD, colored substances, ammonia nitrogen, etc. have an electrocatalytic reaction to achieve the purpose of eliminating or reducing their concentration.

RH (organic matter) + O —→ CO ₂ ↑ + H ₂ O

RH (organic matter) + HO·—→CO ₂ ↑ + H ₂ O

·Cl+ H ₂ O—→HClO—→O·+HCl

2. The principle of removing ammonia nitrogen

When the free radical Cl generated by the nano-catalyzed electrolysis anode does not react with organic matter and other impurities in time, the two Cl will generate chlorine gas, which reacts with water to generate hypochlorous acid, hypochlorous acid reacts with ammonia, and finally generates nitrogen gas.

(1) Principle of nitrogen removal from ammonia (main reaction 1)

NH ₃ + HOCl —→ NH ₂ Cl + H ₂ O (monochloramine)

NH ₂ Cl + HOCl —→ NHCl ₂ + H ₂ O (dichloramine)

2NH ₂ Cl + HOCl—→ N ₂ ↑+ 3HCl + H ₂ O (main denitrification reaction 1)

(2) Principle of nitrogen removal from ammonia (main reaction 2)

At the same time, the free radical O generated by the nano-catalytic electrolysis anode reacts with ammonia to generate nitrate.

NH ₃ + O —→ NO ₃ ^- + H ₂ O

After "nano-catalyzed electrolysis + coagulation and precipitation", the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen in the water body reaches more than 95%, nitrogen nitrogen is less than 1.0mg/L, and the pass rate reaches 100%.

, The principle of total nitrogen removal

Total nitrogen includes ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen (nitrate or nitrite), and organic nitrogen. The removal mechanism of ammonia nitrogen has been described above. The removal mechanism of nitrate nitrogen is: the free radical H generated by nano-catalyzed electrolysis cathode reacts with nitrate in the catalyst to generate water and nitrogen.

NO ₂ ^- + O —→ NO ₃ ^-

NO ₃ ^- + H —→ NO ₂ ^- + H ₂ O

NO ₂ ^- + H —→ N ₂ ↑ + H ₂ O (main denitrification reaction)

In addition, organic nitrogen is an umbrella term for nitrogenous substances bound to carbon in plants, soils, and fertilizers. Such as protein, amino acid, amide, urea, heterocyclic compound, etc. Under the action of nano-catalyzed electrolysis, it decomposes into ammonia nitrogen or nitrate nitrogen through ring opening and chain breaking. Ammonia nitrogen or nitrate nitrogen react with free radicals such as Cl·, O·, OH·, H· respectively to generate nitrogen and water.

, The principle of total phosphorus removal

Phosphorus in biochemical sewage exists in various forms such as organic phosphorus, biological phosphorus (phosphorus exists in the cells of organisms in the form of RNA and DNA phosphate) and inorganic phosphorus. The current method of phosphorus removal is to add ferric salt or polyaluminum to the biochemical sewage, so that the inorganic phosphorus existing in the form of phosphate in the sewage is removed by the precipitation of iron phosphate or aluminum phosphate. However, since organic phosphorus and biological phosphorus do not exist in the form of free phosphate, they cannot be removed by phosphate precipitation. In order to dephosphorize, the coagulant is often doubled, which not only increases the consumption of drugs, but also produces a large amount of sludge, resulting in higher costs. At the same time, the effect of phosphorus removal is not good.

When the "NCE + coagulation precipitation" process is used to remove phosphorus, a large number of microorganisms are killed by high-current electric shock due to electrolysis, and at the same time, the cell wall is broken down to make the cell fluid flow out, and the phosphoric acid that constitutes RNA and DNA is oxidized into inorganic by free radicals generated by electrolysis. Phosphorus enters the coagulation (flocculation) reaction tank, and 5-20g/m3 ferrous sulfate solution and 0.3-1g/m3 coagulant aid are added to the reaction tank for coagulation (flocculation) reaction. Fe2+ reacts with incompletely reacted Cl, O, OH or Cl2 after electrolysis to generate Fe3+, Fe3+ reacts with PO43- to form iron phosphate precipitation to remove phosphorus in sewage, and reacts with OH- to form Fe(OH)3 precipitation for flocculation ( Coagulation) reaction to remove organic matter such as petroleum, animal and vegetable oils through adsorption. Phosphorus removal principle described by flocculation (coagulation) sedimentation.

Fe ₂ ⁺ +Cl —→ Fe ₃ ⁺ +Cl ^﹣

Fe ₂ ⁺ +OH·—→ Fe ₃ ⁺ +OH﹣

Fe ³⁺ +PO ₄ ^3- —→ FePO ₄ ↓ (main reaction for phosphorus removal)

Fe ³⁺ + 3OH﹣—→Fe(HO) ₃ ↓

In addition, the multi-electric layer effect will also occur. After "nano-catalyzed electrolysis + coagulation and precipitation", the removal rate of total phosphorus in the water body reaches more than 70-95%, the total phosphorus is less than 0.2mg/L, and the pass rate reaches 100%.

, The principle of sterilization

During the electrolysis process, a large number of strong oxidizing free radicals will be produced, which can quickly kill bacteria and other microorganisms and viruses in the water, and have a strong sterilization and disinfection effect. Its disinfection effect is mainly realized through the following functions.

(1) Nanomaterials themselves have the function of sterilization and disinfection

(2) Shock effect

Under the action of low voltage and high current in NCE, the current directly breaks down the cell walls of microorganisms in reclaimed water, resulting in the death of microorganisms.

(3) Capturing the role of electrons

Under the action of low voltage and high current, NCE captures the electrons of the microorganisms in the reclaimed water, causing the microorganisms to lose their electrons and die.

(4) Free radical killing effect

NCE can generate chemically active free radicals such as ·Cl, ·H, ·OH, etc. under the condition of electrification. These free radicals can effectively kill the spores of viruses, bacteria and algae, thereby achieving the purpose of disinfection.

, The principle of increasing dissolved oxygen

When nano-catalytic electrolysis technology is used to treat sewage, the electrolyzed water generates oxygen, which greatly increases the dissolved oxygen in the regenerated water after treatment. It can be used as landscape water or river supplementary water to increase the dissolved oxygen in the water body. The dissolved oxygen content is above 5mg/L, which is effective. Control black and odorous water bodies.

, The principle of decolorization and deodorization

The strong oxidizing free radicals produced by the electrolysis process can quickly degrade the molecular structure and molecular structure of colored and odorous substances in water, reduce the influence of colored substances on the chromaticity of water quality, and eliminate odors. After "nano-catalyzed electrolysis + coagulation precipitation", the chromaticity of the water body is less than 10 times, and the pass rate reaches 100%.

Through the above functions, the COD, BOD, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, animal and vegetable oil, petroleum, anionic surfactant concentration and chromaticity of the water body are reduced, and after several cycles, the goal of eliminating black and odorous water is achieved. The specific indicators are as follows:

Appearance: Odorless and tasteless clear liquid

pH: 6~9

Ammonia nitrogen: <1.0mg/L

Effluent total phosphorus (TP): <0.2mg/L

Dissolved oxygen in effluent: ≥5mg/L

Water chroma (dilution factor): <10 times.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The treatment process and equipment are simple

The treatment process of the invention only includes two steps of coagulation sedimentation or air flotation and electrolysis, and the treatment process is simple. The equipment only has two parts: coagulation sedimentation tank or air flotation tank and nano catalytic electrolysis machine, and the equipment is simple.

2. Low investment and operating costs;

3. It has a wide range of applications and no side effects. It can be used for the treatment of black and odorous water bodies or from the source of black and odorous water bodies;

4. Oxygen is generated by electrolyzing water, so that the dissolved oxygen in the water is greater than 5mg/L. It can effectively increase the dissolved oxygen in black and odorous water, and effectively inhibit the growth of algae;

5. While removing organic matter, remove total phosphorus and chroma

Through coagulation sedimentation or air flotation and electrolysis, not only COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen in the water body can be removed, but also total phosphorus and color can be removed, and the water quality of the water body can be greatly improved.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a process flow chart of coagulation electrolysis treatment of black and odorous water (electrolysis follows);

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the coagulation electrolysis device for treating black and odorous water (the electrolysis machine is behind);

Figure 3 is a flow chart of coagulation and electrolysis treatment of black and odorous water (electrolysis first);

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a coagulation electrolysis treatment device for black and odorous water (the electrolysis machine is in front);

Fig. 5 is a flow chart of coagulation and electrolysis treatment of black and odorous water with an oxidation tank (electrolysis follows);

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a coagulation electrolysis device for treating black and odorous water with an oxidation tank (electrolysis is in front);

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the coagulation electrolysis treatment device for black and odorous water.

Detailed ways

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Embodiment one

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the treatment embodiment of a black and odorous water body, the treatment device of the black and odorous water body is composed of a coagulation reaction tank 1, a high-efficiency sedimentation tank 2, a nano-catalyzed electrolysis machine 3 and a sludge dehydrator 4 in sequence, wherein, The coagulation reaction tank 1 can form a coagulation and sedimentation integrated machine 12 with the high-efficiency sedimentation tank 2 . Use a rubber dam to separate the black and odorous water body into several sections of water, install a water intake pump 11 downstream of a section of the water body, pump the black and odorous water into the coagulation reaction tank 1, and after coagulation reaction, enter the high-efficiency sedimentation tank 2 for solid-liquid Separation, the supernatant water flows into the nano catalytic electrolysis machine 3 for electrolysis, and after electrolysis, it is discharged into the upstream of the water body; after the solid-liquid separation in the lower part of the high-efficiency sedimentation tank 2, the sludge is pumped into the sludge dehydrator 4 through the sludge pump 41 and dehydrated into mud blocks . Use the above device to treat black and odorous water according to the following steps:

(1) Sectional interception: the black and odorous water body is segmented or divided into several water bodies by rubber dams, and water is taken from the downstream of the black and odorous water body by the water intake pump 11, and sent to the coagulation reaction tank 1; each section of water body is 10000m ³ , the length of the water body is 2000 meters;

(2) Coagulation and sedimentation: The black and odorous water pumped through step (1) enters the coagulation reaction in the coagulation reaction tank 1. The condition of the coagulation reaction is that the speed of the mixer is 55 rpm, and the coagulant PAC The addition amount is 40mg/L, the addition amount of coagulant PAM is 0.5mg/L, and the reaction time is 15 minutes;

(3) Electrolysis: The clarified liquid obtained by coagulation and precipitation in step (2) enters the nano catalytic electrolysis machine 3, the working voltage of the electrolysis is 30V, the voltage between the two electrodes is 1.1V, the current density is 350mA/cm ² , the water in the nano The residence time in the catalytic electrolysis machine 3 is 8s; after electrolysis, it flows into the upstream of the black and odorous water body. After three cycles, the water quality is significantly improved, the black odor is eliminated, and the water ecology is gradually restored.

The water quality indicators of the black and odorous water body before and after the treatment are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Water quality indicators before and after treatment of a black and odorous water body

Embodiment two

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, an embodiment of treatment of a certain black and odorous water body, the treatment device of black and odorous water body is composed of sequential coagulation reaction tank 1, shallow air flotation tank 2, nano catalytic electrolysis machine 3 and sludge dewatering machine 4. Use a rubber dam to divide the black and odorous water body into several sections of water, install a water intake pump 11 downstream of a section of the water body, pump the black and odorous water into the coagulation reaction tank 1, and after the coagulation reaction, enter the air flotation tank 2 for solid-liquid separation , the supernatant water flows into the electrolysis machine 3 for electrolysis, and after electrolysis, it is discharged into the upstream of the water body; the upper part of the shallow air flotation tank 2 is separated from solid and liquid, and the sludge is pumped into the sludge dehydrator 4 through the sludge pump 41 and dehydrated into mud. The conditions of the coagulation reaction are that the rotation speed of the coagulation mixer is 60 rpm, the addition amount of the coagulant PAC is 80 mg/L, and the addition amount of the coagulation aid PAM is 1 mg/L; the voltage between the adjacent two plates during electrolysis It is 1.2V, and the current density is 600mA/cm ² .

After three cycles, the water quality has been significantly improved, the black odor has been eliminated, and the water ecology has gradually recovered.

The water quality indicators of the black and odorous water body before and after the treatment are shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Water quality indicators before and after treatment of a black and odorous water body

Embodiment three

Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 7, an embodiment of the treatment of a certain black and odorous water body, the treatment device of the black and odorous water body consists of a nano-catalyzed electrolysis machine 1, a coagulation reaction tank 2, a high-efficiency sedimentation tank 3, and a sludge dehydrator 4 constitute. The coagulation reaction tank 1 and the high-efficiency sedimentation tank 2 form a coagulation and sedimentation integrated machine 23 . Use a rubber dam to separate the black and odorous water body into several sections of water bodies, install a water intake pump 11 downstream of a section of the water body, pump the black and odorous water to the nano-catalyzed electrolysis machine 1, enter the coagulation reaction tank 2 after electrolysis, and carry out the coagulation reaction. Enter the high-efficiency sedimentation tank 3 for solid-liquid separation, and the supernatant water is discharged into the upstream of the water body; the sludge in the lower part of the high-efficiency sedimentation tank 3 is separated from the solid and liquid, and the sludge is pumped into the sludge dehydrator 4 by the sludge pump 41 and dehydrated into mud.

During electrolysis, the voltage between two adjacent plates is 1.6V, and the current density is 500mA/cm ² . The condition of the coagulation reaction is that the rotating speed of the coagulation mixer is 60 rpm, the addition of the coagulant ferrous sulfate is 15 mg/L, and the addition of the coagulant PAM is 0.3 mg/L;

After three cycles, the water quality has been significantly improved, the black odor has been eliminated, and the water ecology has gradually recovered.

The water quality indicators of the black and odorous water body before and after the treatment are shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Water quality indicators before and after treatment of a black and odorous water body

Embodiment four

Referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, an embodiment of treatment of a black and odorous water body, the treatment device of the black and odorous water body consists of a nano-catalyzed electrolysis machine 1, a coagulation reaction tank 2, a dissolved air flotation tank 3, and a sludge dehydrator 4. Use a rubber dam to separate the black and odorous water into several sections of water, install a water intake pump 11 downstream of a section of the water, pump the black and odorous water to the nanocatalytic electrolysis machine 1, enter the coagulation reaction tank 2 after electrolysis, and carry out the coagulation reaction. Enter the dissolved air flotation tank 3 for solid-liquid separation, and the lower clear water is discharged into the upstream of this section of water body; after the solid-liquid separation in the dissolved air flotation tank 3, the sludge is pumped into the sludge dehydrator 4 through the sludge pump and dehydrated into mud.

During electrolysis, the voltage between two adjacent plates is 2.3V, and the current density is 300mA/cm ² . The condition of the coagulation reaction is that the rotating speed of the coagulation mixer is 60 rpm, the addition of the coagulant ferrous sulfate is 25 mg/L, and the addition of the coagulant PAM is 0.5 mg/L;

After three cycles, the water quality has been significantly improved, the black odor has been eliminated, and the water ecology has gradually recovered.

The water quality indicators of the black and odorous water body before and after the treatment are shown in Table 4.

Table 4. Water quality indicators before and after treatment of a black and odorous water body

project black smelly water first cycle second cycle third cycle perception black and smelly black and smelly Reduced chroma does not smell Odorless and tasteless clear liquid pH 6 6.3 6.5 6.8 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) 5.5 2.1 0.7 0.19 Total phosphorus (mg/L) 2.9 0.28 0.17 0.16 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 1.9 3.2 4.9 6.5 Chroma (times) 320 45 20 4

Embodiment five

Referring to Fig. 5 , an embodiment of treatment of a black and odorous water body, the treatment device of the black and odorous water body consists of an oxidation tank 1, an electrolysis machine 2, a coagulation reaction tank 3, an inclined tube sedimentation tank 4 and a sludge dewatering machine 5. Use a rubber dam to separate the black and odorous water body into several sections of water, install a water intake pump 11 downstream of a section of the water body, pump the black and odorous water to the oxidation pool 1, add nano-catalyzed electrolyte to oxidize for 20 minutes, enter the electrolysis machine 2, and enter after electrolysis In the coagulation tank 3, after the coagulation reaction, it enters the inclined tube sedimentation tank 4 for solid-liquid separation, and the supernatant water is discharged into the upstream of the water body; after the solid-liquid separation in the inclined tube sedimentation tank 4, the sludge passes through the sludge pump 51 Pump into sludge dewatering machine 5 and become mud block through dehydration.

The electrode plates of the electrolysis machine 2 are ordinary titanium electrodes. During electrolysis, the voltage between two adjacent plates is 7V, the working voltage is 120V, and the current density is 100mA/cm ² . The condition of the coagulation reaction is that the rotating speed of the coagulation mixer is 60 rpm, the addition of the coagulant ferrous sulfate is 20 mg/L, and the addition of the coagulant PAM is 1 mg/L, because the pH of the black and odorous water body is relatively high. Small, while adding coagulant, add sodium carbonate to adjust the pH to 7.

After three cycles, the water quality has been significantly improved, the black odor has been eliminated, and the water ecology has gradually recovered.

The water quality indicators of the black and odorous water body before and after the treatment are shown in Table 5.

Table 5. Water quality indicators before and after treatment of a black and odorous water body

project black smelly water first cycle second cycle third cycle perception black and smelly black and smelly Reduced chroma does not smell Odorless and tasteless clear liquid pH 5.3 7.0 7.0 7.1 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) 1.9 0.9 0.5 0.19 Total phosphorus (mg/L) 6.1 2.31 0.42 0.19 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 1.7 2.1 3.9 5.5 Chroma (times) 620 90 30 10

Embodiment six

Referring to Fig. 5 , an embodiment of treatment of a black and odorous water body, the treatment device of the black and odorous water body consists of an oxidation tank 1, an electrolysis machine 2, a coagulation reaction tank 3, a high-efficiency sedimentation tank 4, and a sludge dewatering machine 5. Use a rubber dam to separate the black and odorous water into several sections of water, install a water intake pump 11 downstream of a section of the water, pump the black and odorous water to the oxidation pool 1, add sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide oxidant to oxidize for 20 minutes, enter the electrolysis machine 2, and enter after electrolysis In the coagulation tank 3, after the coagulation reaction, it enters the high-efficiency sedimentation tank 4 for solid-liquid separation, and the supernatant water is discharged into the upstream of the water body; after the solid-liquid separation of the high-efficiency sedimentation tank 4, the sludge is pumped into Sludge dewatering machine 5 is dehydrated into sludge.

The electrode plates of the electrolysis machine are graphite electrodes. During electrolysis, the voltage between two adjacent plates is 10V, the working voltage is 380V, and the current density is 10mA/cm ² . The condition of the coagulation reaction is that the rotating speed of the coagulation mixer is 60 rpm, the addition of the coagulant ferrous sulfate is 20 mg/L, and the addition of the coagulant PAM is 1 mg/L, because the pH of the black and odorous water is 5.6, while adding the coagulant, add sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 7.

After three cycles, the water quality has been significantly improved, the black odor has been eliminated, and the water ecology has gradually recovered.

The water quality indicators of the black and odorous water body before and after the treatment are shown in Table 6.

Table 6. Water quality indicators before and after treatment of a black and odorous water body

project black smelly water first cycle second cycle third cycle perception black and smelly black and smelly Reduced chroma does not smell Odorless and tasteless clear liquid pH 5.6 7.0 7.0 7.1 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) 2.5 1.1 0.7 0.19 Total phosphorus (mg/L) 7.1 3.3 0.6 0.2 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 2.2 2.9 3.7 5.9 Chroma (times) 620 90 30 10

Embodiment seven

Referring to Fig. 6 , an embodiment of treatment of a black and odorous water body, the treatment device of the black and odorous water body is composed of a nano-catalyzed electrolysis machine 1, an oxidation tank 2, a coagulation reaction tank 3, a high-efficiency sedimentation tank 4 and a sludge dewatering machine 5. Use a rubber dam to separate the black and odorous water body into several sections of water, install a water intake pump 11 downstream of a section of the water body, pump the black and odorous water to the nano-catalyzed electrolysis machine 1 for electrolysis, and discharge it into the oxidation pool 2 after electrolysis. After the oxidation reaction, enter In the coagulation reaction tank, after coagulation, it enters the high-efficiency sedimentation tank 4 for solid-liquid separation. After the solid-liquid separation in the lower part of the high-efficiency sedimentation tank 4, the sludge is pumped into the sludge dehydrator 5 through the sludge pump 51 and dehydrated into mud blocks. .

The water quality indicators of black and odorous water bodies before and after treatment are shown in Table 7.

Table 7. Water quality indicators before and after treatment of a black and odorous water body

project black smelly water first cycle second cycle third cycle perception black and smelly black and smelly Reduced chroma does not smell Odorless and tasteless clear liquid pH 5.2 7.1 7.0 7.10 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) 11.5 2.5 1.6 0.21 Total phosphorus (mg/L) 2.9 0.5 0.3 0.16 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 1.5 4.1 5.7 6.5 Chroma (times) 400 80 35 8

Embodiment Eight

Referring to Fig. 6 , an embodiment of treatment of a black and odorous water body, the treatment device of the black and odorous water body consists of a nano-catalyzed electrolysis machine 1, an oxidation tank 2, a coagulation reaction tank 3, an inclined tube sedimentation tank 4 and a sludge dehydrator 5. Use a rubber dam to separate the black and odorous water body into several sections of water, install a water intake pump 11 downstream of a section of the water body, pump the black and odorous water to the nano-catalyzed electrolysis machine 1 for electrolysis, and discharge it into the oxidation pool 2 after electrolysis. After the oxidation reaction, enter In the coagulation reaction tank, after coagulation, it enters the inclined tube sedimentation tank 4 for solid-liquid separation. After the solid-liquid separation in the lower part of the inclined tube sedimentation tank 4, the sludge is pumped into the sludge dewaterer 5 through the sludge pump and dehydrated into sludge. piece.

The water quality indicators of the black and odorous water body before and after the treatment are shown in Table 8.

Table 8. Water quality indicators before and after treatment of a black and odorous water body

project black smelly water first cycle second cycle third cycle perception black and smelly black and smelly Reduced chroma does not smell Odorless and tasteless clear liquid pH 5.6 6.9 6.9 7.1 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) 4.3 2.1 0.9 0.23 Total phosphorus (mg/L) 3.3 0.5 0.23 0.15 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 1.8 4.9 5.6 6.5 Chroma (times) 600 120 35 8

Embodiment nine

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, an embodiment of the treatment of a certain black and odorous water body, the treatment device of the black and odorous water body is composed of a sequential coagulation reaction tank 1, a high-efficiency sedimentation tank 2, a nano-catalytic electrolysis machine 3 and a sludge dewatering machine 4. Use a rubber dam to separate the black and odorous water body into several sections of water, install a water intake pump 11 downstream of a section of the water body, pump the black and odorous water into the coagulation reaction tank 1, and after the coagulation reaction, enter the high-efficiency sedimentation tank 2 for solid-liquid Separation, the supernatant water flows into the nano catalytic electrolysis machine 3 for electrolysis, and after electrolysis, it is discharged into the upstream of the water body; after the solid-liquid separation in the lower part of the high-efficiency sedimentation tank 2, the sludge is pumped into the sludge dehydrator 4 through the sludge pump and dehydrated into mud lumps. Use the above device to treat black and odorous water according to the following steps:

(1) Sectional interception: use rubber dams to divide the black and odorous water body into sections or partitions into several water bodies, use the water intake pump 11 to draw water from the downstream of the black and odorous water body, pump it to the coagulation reaction tank 1, and measure its pH as 5.6, belongs to acidic water body; each section of water body is 40,000m ³ , and the length of water body is 2,000 meters;

(2) Coagulation and sedimentation: The black and odorous water pumped in step (1) is sent to the coagulation reaction tank 1 for coagulation reaction, and the pH is adjusted to 7.0-7.1 with 5% sodium hydroxide solution, and the speed of the mixer is adjusted To 50 rpm, add a mixture of coagulant ferric sulfate and PAC1:1 at 25mg/L, add PAM at 0.5mg/L, and react for 10 minutes;

(3) Electrolysis: The clarified liquid obtained by coagulation precipitation or air flotation in step (2) enters the electrolysis machine. The working voltage of the electrolysis is 23V, the voltage between the two electrodes is 1.2V, and the current density is 450mA/cm ² . The residence time in the machine is 6s; after electrolysis, it flows into the upstream of the black and odorous water body. After three cycles, the water quality is significantly improved, the black odor is eliminated, and the water ecology is gradually restored.

The water quality indicators of the black and odorous water body before and after the treatment are shown in Table 9.

Table 9. Water quality indicators before and after treatment of a black and odorous water body

project black smelly water first cycle second cycle third cycle perception black and smelly black and smelly Reduced chroma does not smell Odorless and tasteless clear liquid pH 5.6 6.8 7.0 7.1 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) 3.3 2.1 0.8 0.21 Total phosphorus (mg/L) 3.7 0.6 0.26 0.16 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 1.3 4.5 5.7 6.6 Chroma (times) 500 100 30 8

The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any non-substantial changes made to the present invention by using this concept should be an act of violating the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. a kind of black and odorous water processing unit, it is characterised in that including coagulating sedimentation system or air-flotation system, electrolysis system and dirt Mud handles three systems, i.e., including following system：

（1）Coagulating sedimentation or air-flotation system：Coagulating sedimentation or air-flotation system include coagulation reaction tank, sedimentation basin or air floatation machine；It is black Smelly water body presses the coagulant and 0.1 that 3~80g is added per cubic meter of water to coagulation reaction tank through sewage lifting to coagulation reaction tank ~1g flocculation aids carry out coagulating, and generation calcium phosphate precipitation removes the phosphorus of water body, and are removed and insoluble have by suction-operated The organic matters such as machine thing, petroleum-type, vegetable and animals oils, carry out separation of solid and liquid, sludge slurry enters at sludge into sedimentation basin or air floatation machine Reason system is dehydrated into clod, and clear liquid enters electrolysis system；

（2）Electrolysis system：Electrolysis system includes electrolysis machine, DC power supply and automatically controls three units；By in electrolytic process Cl, OH and O that anode produces are reacted with the organic matter in water body, ammonia nitrogen, generate CO2, H2O, N2 and NO3 ﹣, remove water Organic matter in body, reduces COD, BOD and ammonia nitrogen；The H that cathode produces and " NO3 ﹣ ", organic matter and ammonia nitrogen reaction, generation CO2、H2O、N2；Be electrolysed produce free-radical oxidation decomposing organism body, make its by the organisms such as DNA, RNA phosphoric acid release into Inorganic phosphate radical；The free-radical oxidation that electrolysis produces, which decomposes organophosphor, becomes inorganic phosphate radical；

（3）Sludge dewatering system：Sludge dewatering system is by sludge pump, concentration tank, dewaterer；Sludge is pumped into sludge by sludge pump Precipitation concentration in concentration tank, then it is dehydrated into clod by dewaterer.

2. black and odorous water processing unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The operating voltage of the electrolysis machine for 10~ 380V, two interelectrode voltages are 1~10V, and current density is 10~600mA/cm2, residence time of the clear liquid in electrolysis machine For 1s~1min.

3. black and odorous water processing unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The electrolysis machine is equipped with power supply and electrolysis Groove, the electrode in the electrolytic cell is graphite, titanium, iron, aluminium, zinc, copper, lead, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, alloy, has metal oxide containing precious metals painting One kind in the Ti electrode or nano-catalytic inert electrode of layer.

4. black and odorous water processing unit as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：The top layer of the nano-catalytic inert electrode Coated with the metal oxide containing precious metals inertia catalyst coatings that crystal grain is 10~60nm, the substrate of the nano-catalytic inert electrode is titanium Plate, other metallic plates or plastic plate.

5. black and odorous water processing unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The coagulant is molysite, aluminium salt, gathers Aluminium, one kind of Polyferric Sulfate or any two or more combinations；The molysite is ferric sulfate or ferrous sulfate, and dosage is 3~20g/m³； The aluminium salt is aluminum sulfate or aluminium chloride, and dosage is 30~80g/m³；The poly-aluminium for aluminium polychloride, polyaluminium sulfate or Polymer aluminium silicate, 30~80g/m³；The Polyferric Sulfate is poly-ferric chloride, bodied ferric sulfate or polyferric silicate sulfate, 10~40g/ m³。

6. black and odorous water processing unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The coagulating sedimentation or air-flotation system also wrap Include the chemicals dosing plant of a pH to 7~9 that sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate adjusting sewage are added when water body pH is less than 7.

7. black and odorous water processing unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：One is additionally provided with before the coagulation reaction tank A oxidation reaction pond, to add the organic matter of oxidizing black and odorous water.

8. black and odorous water processing unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The electrolysis system can also be installed on described Before coagulation reaction tank.

9. black and odorous water processing unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The coagulation reaction tank and sedimentation basin are conjunction Two be one structure, and front portion is coagulating area, and rear portion is depositing separation area.

10. black and odorous water processing unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：One is additionally provided with after the electrolysis system A residence time is the oxidation reaction pond of 5~20 minutes, makes the free radical that electrolysis produces fully anti-with the harmful substance in water body Should, promote water body treating.

11. a kind of application method of black and odorous water processing unit, it is characterised in that include the following steps：

（1）Shut off segmentation：Black and odorous water rubber dam is segmented or divided into one section, one section of some water bodys, with water pump from The downstream water intaking of black and odorous water, pumps to coagulation reaction tank；

（2）Coagulating sedimentation or air supporting：Through step（1）The black smelly water of pumping adds 3~80g by every cubic meter of water into reaction tank and mixes Solidifying agent, reacts 3~15 minutes, adds 0.1~1gPAM flocculation aids and be slowly stirred 3~5 minutes, promotes alumen ustum to be formed, into heavy Shallow lake pond or flotation tank are separated into clarified solution and mud；

（3）Electrolysis：Through step（2）Clarified solution obtained by coagulating sedimentation or air supporting enters electrolysis machine, and the operating voltage of electrolysis is 10~ 380V, two interelectrode voltages are 1~10V, and current density is 10~600mA/cm2, step（2）Middle clear liquid is in electrolysis machine Residence time be 1s~1min；The upstream of black and odorous water is flowed into after electrolysis, after circulating several times, black and odorous water is transformed into Clarify water body；

（4）Sludge dewatering：Through step（2）Coagulating sedimentation or the mud of dissolved air flotation are pumped into dewaterer dehydration and are separated into filtrate and mud Block.