CN107880850B - Composite environment-friendly dust suppressant and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
Composite environment-friendly dust suppressant and preparation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107880850B CN107880850B CN201711370080.XA CN201711370080A CN107880850B CN 107880850 B CN107880850 B CN 107880850B CN 201711370080 A CN201711370080 A CN 201711370080A CN 107880850 B CN107880850 B CN 107880850B
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/22—Materials not provided for elsewhere for dust-laying or dust-absorbing
Abstract
The invention provides a composite environment-friendly dust suppressant and a preparation method and application thereofThe paint comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 18-60% of bonding composition, 5-20% of coagulation composition and 15-45% of moisture absorbent; wherein the bonding composition is polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose and Na2SiO3A combination of the three; the coalescence composition is a composition of polyacrylamide and sodium tripolyphosphate. The compound environment-friendly dust suppressant provided by the invention is easy to store, low in cost and good in dust suppression effect; the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant is particularly suitable for suppressing dust on the pit pavement of an open coal mine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dust depressors, further relates to an environment-friendly dynamic dust depressor, and particularly relates to a composite environment-friendly dust depressor applicable to opencast coal mines.
Background
With the increasing production intensity of the open mine in China and the increasing mechanization level, the dust pollution in the production operation is inevitably serious day by day. According to statistics, the dust yield of the transportation equipment is the first of all the surface mining operation equipment, and is the largest dust pollution source of the surface mine. The road surface dust not only seriously damages the health of workers, but also pollutes the environment around a mining area and destroys an ecosystem. In addition, the dust enters the body of the transport automobile, the service life of an engine is shortened, and the maintenance cost and the oil consumption of the automobile are increased. When the concentration of the dust on the road surface is high, the safety driving of a driver is also hindered, accidents such as collision, overturning and the like are caused, and the safety production and the economic benefit of a mine are directly influenced.
More than 80% of the dust in the pit of the opencast mine comes from the flying dust generated by the motor vehicle in the driving process, so the problem of dust pollution of the pit of the opencast mine is solved, and the problem of road surface flying dust generated by the motor vehicle in the driving process is also solved.
The main dust suppression methods at present are as follows: sprinkling water to remove dust and removing dust by using dust suppressant. The water spraying and dust removal mainly increase the relative density of the dry dust with fine particles by wetting the dry dust, and the dry dust is bonded into larger particles which cannot fly under the action of external force. Although the method is simple and easy to implement, the binding power to dust is weak, the water is quickly evaporated, the dust suppression effect is short, and the dust suppression requirement of the open pit coal mine pit cannot be met; in addition, this method requires a large amount of water resources and increases transportation costs. Although the dust removal effect of the dust suppressant is better than that of water spraying, the existing dust suppressant has the following defects: firstly, most of the liquid is liquid and is not easy to store; secondly, the dust suppressant has adverse effects on the road surface, the passing vehicles, the soil and the vegetation in the surrounding environment in different degrees after being sprayed, and the obvious phenomenon is that the vegetation on the periphery of the road surface sprayed with the dust suppressant is withered and yellow in different degrees. Thirdly, the existing dust suppressant still needs to be improved in the aspects of moisture retention performance, dust suppression effect and the like. Fourth, the existing dust suppressants are costly, which undoubtedly increases the cost required for dust suppression.
In summary, how to solve the technical problems of difficult storage, high cost, insufficient environmental protection, poor dust suppression effect and the like of the dust suppressant is one of the difficulties to be urgently broken through in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a composite environment-friendly dust suppressant and preparation and application thereof, which make up the defects of the prior art. The compound environment-friendly dust suppressant provided by the invention is easy to store, low in cost and good in dust suppression effect; the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant is particularly suitable for suppressing dust on the pit pavement of an open coal mine.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a composite environment-friendly dust suppressant, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass based on the total mass of the dust suppressant: 18-60% of bonding composition, 5-20% of coagulation composition and 15-45% of moisture absorbent; wherein the bonding composition is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and Na2SiO3A combination of the three; the coagulating and combining composition is Polyacrylamide (PAM) and sodium tripolyphosphate (Na)5P3O10) In combination with (1)A compound (I) is provided. The composite environment-friendly dust suppressant provided by the invention is prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose and Na2SiO3The bonding composition formed by combining the three components and the coagulation composition formed by combining the polyacrylamide and the sodium tripolyphosphate are combined with other components in a formula system to act, and all the components are organically combined to play a role in a unified and orderly manner, so that a good and lasting dust suppression effect can be achieved.
The composite environment-friendly dust suppressant is preferably the polyvinyl alcohol, the carboxymethyl cellulose and the Na2SiO3The mass percentages of the dust suppressant are respectively 3-15%, 10-30% and 5-15% in sequence, so as to achieve better dust suppression effect.
According to the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant, the preferred mass percentages of the polyacrylamide and the sodium tripolyphosphate in the dust suppressant are respectively 2-10% and 3-10% in sequence, so that a better dust suppression effect is achieved.
The composite environment-friendly dust suppressant preferably comprises the following components in percentage by mass: sodium polyacrylate (PAA-Na) 1.5-6%, sodium dodecyl sulfate (K)12)1 to 5 percent. The composite environment-friendly dust suppressant preferably further comprises an ultraviolet absorbent with the mass percent of 0.2-1%, and the ultraviolet absorbent is preferably UV-9. The composite environment-friendly dust suppressant disclosed by the invention preferably further comprises 6-18% of an antifreezing agent in percentage by mass; preferably, the antifreeze is selected from urea (CH)4N2O) and sodium chloride.
In the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant, the moisture absorbent is preferably one or two of magnesium chloride and calcium chloride.
In a preferred embodiment, the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant comprises the following components in percentage by mass based on the total mass of the dust suppressant: polyvinyl alcohol 3-15%, carboxymethyl cellulose 10-30%, Na2SiO35-15 percent of polyacrylamide, 2-10 percent of sodium tripolyphosphate, 3-10 percent of sodium polyacrylate, 1.5-6 percent of sodium polyacrylate, and dodecyl sulfuric acid1-5% of sodium, 6-18% of urea and UV-90.2-1% and 15-45% of magnesium chloride. The composite environment-friendly dust suppressant adopting the optimal formula system has a better dust suppression effect, can give consideration to good performances of wetting, water retention, moisture absorption, adhesion, coagulation and the like, and has a longer moisture retention period. In the optimal formula system, the inorganic chemical raw materials with low cost are used in a larger proportion, the cost is low, and the total cost of the 100-ton waterwheel single-vehicle dust suppressant is several times lower than that of similar imported products in the market; meanwhile, the dust suppression effect is better. The compound environment-friendly dust suppressant with the optimized formula system does not cause negative effect on the environment, and has mild property (the pH is about 7, and in some specific embodiments, the pH is about 6.91); in experiments, the dust suppressant of the formula system does not have irritation when contacting human skin; in the using process, the paint does not cause side effect to surrounding plants, soil and the like, does not cause withering and yellowing phenomena, and does not corrode tires of equipment.
The raw materials in the formula system of the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant can be powder or crystal products.
The invention provides a preparation method of the compound type environment-friendly dust suppressant, which comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials except the moisture absorbent uniformly, then adding the moisture absorbent, mixing uniformly, and packaging, preferably packaging in an inner plastic bag, more preferably a thick inner plastic bag; then aging is carried out, wherein the aging is preferably carried out in a cool and dry environment, and the aging time can be 2 to 10 days, and is preferably 7 to 10 days. The dust suppressant is simple in preparation process, the product is in a paste shape which is easy to dissolve in water, and the dust suppressant is easy to store and transport, is diluted by water for spraying when in use, and is convenient to use.
In a specific use embodiment, when the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant is used on site, the dust suppressant can be pumped into a water tank of a sprinkler by adding 1-2 times of water into the container and stirring the mixture for 3-5 minutes by using a high-speed dispersion machine, then the water is injected into the water tank at any time, and the dilution times can be flexibly adjusted according to the road conditions to spray the mixture at any time.
In a third aspect, the invention provides an application of the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant or the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant prepared by the preparation method, which is applied to dust suppression of a road surface, preferably to dust suppression of a pit road surface of an open pit coal mine.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the components in the formula system of the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant can be mutually fused into paste at normal temperature, and the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant is simple and convenient in preparation method and easy to transport and store. The composite environment-friendly dust suppressant is easy to dissolve in water, is diluted and sprayed, and is convenient to use.
The composite environment-friendly dust suppressant disclosed by the invention is low in cost and free of environmental negative effect, is particularly suitable for suppressing dust on the mine pit pavement of an open coal mine, can achieve a good and lasting dust suppression effect, and can meet the national relevant standard regulations (such as emission standard of coal industry pollutants (GB20426-2006) and environmental air quality standard (GB 3095-2012)).
The composite environment-friendly dust suppressant is applied to the existing normally-produced open coal mine pit pavement, so that the dust environment pollution is reduced, the flying dust is reduced to enter the body of a transport vehicle, and the increase of oil consumption caused by the dust environment pollution is improved or avoided; on the premise of keeping the dust suppression effect of the road surface, a certain static friction coefficient (the static friction coefficient is more than or equal to 0.60) of the road surface can be kept, and the slipping phenomenon cannot occur. After the dust suppressant is used, the relative flatness of the road surface can be kept, and a good protection effect is achieved on the safe passing of vehicles. Has the advantages of low application cost, good economic effect and the like, and has popularization value.
The dust suppressant is flexible to use, can obtain the required moisture retention time of the dust suppressant by adjusting the dilution times of the dust suppressant according to weather changes and the actual conditions of production scheduling in practical application, and is very convenient to regulate and control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a transport section of an open pit coal mine during normal production without dust suppression measures;
FIG. 2 is a road surface condition of an open pit road surface with vehicles running after 30 hours of spraying the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a road surface condition of an open pit road surface in a vehicle-free running state 30 hours after spraying the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a road surface condition of a road section for suppressing dust by sprinkling water 0.5 hours later;
FIG. 5 shows the road surface condition 2 hours after the composite environmental protection dust suppressant of embodiment 2 of the invention is used in the adjacent road sections of the watering dust suppression road section
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following examples are further provided to illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The raw materials used in the examples are all commercially available raw materials unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Embodiment 1 is a preparation embodiment of the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant, and the formula comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
10% of polyvinyl alcohol, 20% of carboxymethyl cellulose and Na2SiO310%, 7% of polyacrylamide, 6% of sodium tripolyphosphate, 4% of sodium polyacrylate, 3% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 14% of urea and UV-90.8 percent and 25.2 percent of magnesium chloride.
The preparation method of the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps: mixing all the raw materials except magnesium chloride, stirring uniformly to obtain a semi-finished product, and then mixing and stirring the semi-finished product and the magnesium chloride uniformly; then packaging with an inner plastic bag, sealing, storing in a cool and dry place, and aging; aging for seven days to obtain paste, i.e. the finished product. Diluting the product with water according to the mass ratio of 2:100, wherein the pH value is 6.91.
Example 2
Embodiment 2 is a preparation embodiment of the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant, and the formula comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
3% of polyvinyl alcohol, 30% of carboxymethyl cellulose and Na2SiO35 percent of polyacrylamide, 10 percent of sodium tripolyphosphate and 3 percent of sodium tripolyphosphate,6% of sodium polyacrylate, 1% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 18% of urea and UV-90.2 percent and 23.8 percent of magnesium chloride.
The preparation method of the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant of the embodiment 2 comprises the following steps: mixing all the raw materials except magnesium chloride, stirring uniformly to obtain a semi-finished product, and then mixing and stirring the semi-finished product and the magnesium chloride uniformly; then packaging with an inner plastic bag, sealing, storing in a cool and dry place, and aging; aging for seven days to obtain paste, i.e. the finished product. Diluting the product with water according to the mass ratio of 2:100, wherein the pH value is 6.9.
Example 3
Embodiment 3 is a preparation embodiment of the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant, and the formula comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
15% of polyvinyl alcohol, 10% of carboxymethyl cellulose and Na2SiO315%, 2% of polyacrylamide, 10% of sodium tripolyphosphate, 1.5% of sodium polyacrylate, 5% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 6% of urea and UV-91 percent and 34.5 percent of magnesium chloride.
The preparation method of the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant of the embodiment 3 is as follows: mixing all the raw materials except magnesium chloride, stirring uniformly to obtain a semi-finished product, and then mixing and stirring the semi-finished product and the magnesium chloride uniformly; then packaging with an inner plastic bag, sealing, storing in a cool and dry place, and aging; aging for 48 hours to obtain a paste, namely a finished product. Diluting the product with water according to the mass ratio of 2:100, wherein the pH value is 6.9.
Application example
1. Dust suppressant application examples:
the composite type environment-friendly dust suppressant prepared in the examples 1 to 3 was added with 1 time (by mass) of water, and dispersed and stirred for 5 minutes by a high-speed dispersion machine to be completely dissolved. Then the mixture is pumped into a water tank of a sprinkler, is diluted by 50 times (by mass) by injecting water and is respectively sprayed on a continuous section of a certain opencast coal mine, and the spraying amount is 10kg/m2。
2. Comparative application example of sprinkling and dust suppression
Dust suppression is carried out by adopting a sprinkling mode, and sprinkling is carried out on the adjacent road sections of the embodiment 1. The water spraying amount is 20kg/m2。
The experimental results are as follows:
see fig. 1-5.
Fig. 1 shows a transportation section where no dust suppression measure is performed during normal production of an open pit coal mine, and it is seen that the dust emission is very serious.
FIGS. 2 and 3 are road surfaces of an open pit road surface in a vehicle running state and a vehicle non-running state respectively after 30 hours of spraying the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant of example 1; therefore, no matter whether a vehicle passes through or not, the dust suppression effect is very obvious, and the dust raising phenomenon is not generated. The results of examples 2-3 are substantially identical to those of example 1 and are not repeated.
FIG. 4 shows that the road surface of the road section which is sprayed with water for dust suppression has serious dust emission and fails to obtain good dust suppression effect after 0.5 hour of water spraying; and figure 5 is the road surface situation of the adjacent road section of the sprinkling dust suppression road section after 2 hours of using the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant of embodiment 2 of the invention, and comparing figure 4 and figure 5, the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant of the invention is very obvious, and the road surface has no dust.
In application experiments, the road surfaces sprayed with the dust suppressant of the embodiments 1 to 3 of the invention are detected, and the static friction coefficient of the road surfaces can be kept to be more than or equal to 0.60 on the premise of keeping the dust suppression effect of the road surfaces, so that the slipping phenomenon can not occur, and after the dust suppressant is used, the relative flatness of the road surfaces can be kept, thereby playing a good role in protecting vehicles from passing safely. In the road section after the dust suppressant of the embodiment 1-3 is used, TSP in the transportation equipment operation area meets the environmental air quality standard (GB3095-2012) second-level standard (PM 2.5 is more than 50 and less than 100).
The diluent of the dust suppressant in the embodiment 1-3 is detected to meet the emission limit value in the emission standard of pollutants for coal industry (GB 20426-2006); and the dust suppressant is harmless to people, livestock and vegetation after being used, and has no corrosion to tires of equipment.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that modifications or adaptations to the invention may be made in light of the teachings of the present specification. Such modifications or adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the present invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The composite environment-friendly dust suppressant is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass based on the total mass of the dust suppressant:
polyvinyl alcohol 3-15%, carboxymethyl cellulose 10-30%, Na2SiO35-15% of polyacrylamide, 3-10% of sodium tripolyphosphate, 1.5-6% of sodium polyacrylate, 1-5% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 6-18% of an antifreezing agent, 0.2-1% of an ultraviolet absorbent and 15-45% of a moisture absorbent.
2. The composite type environment-friendly dust suppressant according to claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet absorber is UV-9。
3. A composite type environment-friendly dust suppressant according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein said anti-freezing agent is selected from one or both of urea and sodium chloride.
4. The compound type environment-friendly dust suppressant according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the moisture absorbent is one or both of magnesium chloride and calcium chloride.
5. The compound environment-friendly dust suppressant according to claim 1, wherein the dust suppressant comprises the following components in percentage by mass based on the total mass of the dust suppressant: polyvinyl alcohol 3-15%, carboxymethyl cellulose 10-30%, Na2SiO35-15%, 2-10% of polyacrylamide, 3-10% of sodium tripolyphosphate, 1.5-6% of sodium polyacrylate, 1-5% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 6-18% of urea and UV-90.2-1% and 15-45% of magnesium chloride.
6. The preparation method of the compound type environment-friendly dust suppressant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: the raw materials except the moisture absorbent are uniformly mixed, then the moisture absorbent is added and uniformly mixed, and then the aging is carried out.
7. The application of the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant is characterized in that the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant of any one of claims 1 to 5 or the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant prepared by the preparation method of claim 6 is applied to dust suppression of a road surface.
8. The application of the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant according to claim 7, wherein the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant is applied to dust suppression of the pit pavement of an open pit coal mine.
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| CN111662680A (en) * | 2020-02-05 | 2020-09-15 | 南通乐尔环保科技有限公司 | Efficient environment-friendly dust suppressant and preparation method thereof |
| CN113249094A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-08-13 | 兰州天际环境保护有限公司 | Wetting type composite pavement dust suppressant and using method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1724668A1 (en) * | 1990-04-11 | 1992-04-07 | Государственный Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт По Освоению Морских Месторождений Нефти И Газа "Гипроморнефтегаз" | Dust suppressing liquid |
| CN103497736B (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2014-10-22 | 北京安平联合环保科技有限公司 | Dust inhibiting agent used during railway transportation process of powdered materials and preparation method thereof |
| CN104559931A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2015-04-29 | 青岛海德化工有限公司 | Dustproof composite film agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN104817997A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-08-05 | 内蒙古博冉科技有限责任公司 | Solid dust suppressant |
| CN106833531B (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2019-03-19 | 山西猫头鹰环保科技有限公司 | A kind of deoderizing dust suppressant and preparation method |
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2017
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