CN107870266B - Three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter power grid impedance inductance detection method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter power grid impedance inductance detection method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, enabling a three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to work at a first working point, and measuring an output voltage vector and an output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the first working point; enabling the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to work at a second working point, measuring an output voltage vector and an output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the second working point, wherein the reactive power given currents of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the second working point are different from the reactive power given currents of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the first working point; respectively converting the output voltage vector and the output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the first working point and the output voltage vector and the output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the second working point intodqRotating coordinate system according todqAnd calculating each quantity value in the rotating coordinate system to obtain an inductance part in the voltage impedance of the power grid. The method does not influence the performance of the inverter, and has the advantages of simple calculation, convenient control and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly relates to a three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter power grid impedance inductance detection method based on reactive power change.
Background
With the gradual exhaustion of energy sources and the increasing severity of environmental problems, new energy sources, such as solar energy, wind energy, biological energy and the like, are increasingly utilized to generate electricity. Among various renewable energy sources, solar energy is a new energy source with great development potential.
In a photovoltaic power generation system, in order to suppress switching frequency harmonic current of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, filtering is required to be performed on the output of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. The general filter structure has three forms of L, LC and LCL. The LC type filter and the LCL type filter have many advantages in terms of filtering effect, volume, cost, etc. compared with the conventional L type filter. Compared with the LC filter, the LCL filter has the disadvantages of one more filter inductor, complicated control, etc. Therefore, in practice, LC filters are adopted by many commercial photovoltaic grid-connected inverter manufacturers.
The actual network presents an impedance, equivalent to a filter inductance. Therefore, the LC filter of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and the equivalent inductance of the power grid form a new LCL filter. In a photovoltaic grid-connected system, an LCL filter is adopted, so that higher harmonics can be better suppressed, and the total inductance is reduced. However, the LCL filter is a third-order system, and has a resonant peak with a very low damping coefficient, which is easy to oscillate and cause system instability, so that a higher requirement is put on the control of the system, and an active damping method is required to suppress the resonant peak. The resistance part in the grid voltage impedance does not influence the stability of the system, and the resistance part in the grid voltage impedance of the three-phase commercial photovoltaic grid-connected inverter does not need to be detected. Therefore, the detection of the grid voltage impedance inductance is very critical. For the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, the size of the grid voltage impedance inductor needs to be detected, and the resonance of the LCL filter is restrained by a proper active damping method.
At present, a method for detecting the voltage impedance of the power grid is mainly a harmonic injection method, i.e., a high order harmonic is injected into an inverter system, a high order harmonic voltage and a current signal of the inverter are obtained through discrete fourier transform, and a voltage signal of the high order harmonic is divided by the current signal to obtain a voltage impedance signal of the power grid. The method can accurately obtain the resistance R and the inductance L in the voltage impedance of the power grid. However, the harmonic injection method has the defects of influencing the output performance of the inverter, being complex in calculation and the like. For example, the invention patent "a harmonic injection device for power grid harmonic impedance measurement" (patent No. 201310562348.5) discloses a harmonic injection device for power grid harmonic impedance measurement, which is used for synthesizing a harmonic voltage waveform, a harmonic voltage frequency, a harmonic voltage amplitude and a harmonic voltage waveform phase difference with phase information of a collected voltage signal to generate a harmonic voltage signal for output. The method can realize accurate detection of the voltage impedance of the power grid. However, this method of the invention deteriorates the performance of the inverter by injecting harmonics into the inverter. Meanwhile, the method is complex in calculation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter power grid impedance inductance detection method which does not affect the performance of an inverter, is simple in calculation of an inductance part in power grid voltage impedance and is convenient to control.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter power grid impedance and inductance detection method is used for detecting an inductance part in voltage impedance of a power grid connected with a three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, and the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, enabling the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to work at a first working point, and measuring an output voltage vector and an output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the first working point;
enabling the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to work at a second working point, measuring an output voltage vector and an output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the second working point, and enabling the reactive power given current of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to be different at the second working point and the first working point;
respectively converting the output voltage vector and the output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the first working point and the output voltage vector and the output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the second working point into dq rotation coordinate system according to
Calculating to obtain an inductance part L in the voltage impedance of the power gridgWherein V isd1、Vd2D-axis component, V, of output voltage vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the first working point and the second working point respectivelyq1、Vq2The q axis of the output voltage vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is respectively the first working point and the second working pointComponent igd1、igd2D-axis component i of output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the first working point and the second working point respectivelygq1、igq2Q-axis component, ω, of the output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the first operating point and the second operating point, respectivelygIs the grid voltage angular frequency.
Preferably, a detection time period is set, when the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter respectively operates at the first operating point and the second operating point, the output voltage vector and the output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter are respectively measured based on the detection time period, and an average value of the output voltage vector and an average value of the output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter in the detection time period are used as the inductance part LgIn the calculation of (2).
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the method fully utilizes the characteristics of the three-phase commercial photovoltaic grid-connected inverter (for example, the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter can realize the transmission of reactive power to the power grid and the absorption of reactive power and the like), and accurately calculates the impedance inductance of the power grid by transmitting the reactive power to the power grid.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power generation system structure using a diode-clamped three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
Fig. 2 is an equivalent structure diagram of a power generation system using a diode-clamped three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter in a static coordinate system.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the detection principle of the grid voltage impedance based on two points of the operation and operation of the inverter.
Fig. 4 is a schematic voltage and current diagram of a three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter under different coordinate systems.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of grid voltage directional vector control of a diode-clamped three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments shown in the drawings to which the invention is attached.
The first embodiment is as follows: the structure of the power generation system of the diode-clamped three-level three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is shown in the attached figure 1, and the power generation system comprises a renewable energy source, namely a photovoltaic array, the diode-clamped three-level three-phase grid-connected inverter, an LC filter, a power grid and the like. In the power generation system, the photovoltaic array (photovoltaic cell) is driven by a DC power supply EdcAnd a DC input resistor RdcAnd (4) equivalence. The diode-clamped three-level three-phase grid-connected inverter realizes active power and reactive power control according to power input by the photovoltaic array, and the LC filter filters high-frequency components of current output by the inverter. In fig. 1: e.g. of the typea、eb、ecFor three-phase mains voltage, ia、ib、icThe three-phase grid-connected inverter is characterized in that the output current of the three-level three-phase grid-connected inverter is clamped by a diode, L is a filter inductor, C is a filter capacitor, and Z isgAs impedance of network voltage, VdcIs a DC bus voltage, VpIs a positive DC bus voltage, VnIs the negative dc bus voltage.
For the diode-clamped three-level three-phase grid-connected inverter power generation system in fig. 1, an equivalent structure diagram in a static coordinate system is shown in fig. 2. Wherein VPCC＝VPCCα+VPCCβFor the inverter output voltage vector, iPCC＝iPCCα+iPCCβFor inverter output current vector, Vg＝Vgα+VgβAs a grid voltage vector, ZgIs a grid voltage high impedance. When the inverter operates at 2 operating points, namely a first operating point and a second operating point, respectively, the relationship between the output voltage and the current of the inverter is as follows:
VPCC1＝Vg1+Zg·iPCC1(1)
VPCC2＝Vg2+Zg·iPCC2(2)
subtracting the above two equations yields:
VPCC1-VPCC2＝Vg1-Vg2+Zg·iPCC1-Zg·iPCC2(3)
if the grid voltage is maintained constant at two points of inverter operation
VPCC1-VPCC2＝Zg·iPCC1-Zg·iPCC2(4)
The grid voltage impedance is then:
wherein:
ΔVPCC＝VPCC1-VPCC2(6)
ΔiPCC＝iPCC1-iPCC2(7)
through the above analysis, the principle of detecting the grid voltage impedance based on two points of the inverter operation is shown in fig. 3.
Likewise, in dq rotation coordinate system, the inverter output voltage vector can be represented as VPCC＝Vd+jVqThe inverter output current vector may be represented as iPCC＝igd+jigqThe grid voltage vector may be expressed as Vg＝Vgd+jVgq. From equation (5), the network voltage impedance inductance part is:
wherein, Vd1、Vd2D-axis component, V, of output voltage vector of three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at first working point and second working point respectivelyq1、Vq2Q-axis component i of output voltage vector of three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at first working point and second working point respectivelygd1、igd2D-axis component i of output current vector of three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at first working point and second working point respectivelygq1、igq2Q-axis component, omega, of output current vector of three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at first and second operating points respectivelygFor mains voltageAngular frequency.
The instantaneous active power P and the reactive power Q of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter in the dq rotation coordinate system can be expressed as follows:
wherein v isdg、vqgD-axis voltage and q-axis voltage of the power grid voltage under the dq rotation coordinate system are respectively obtained; wherein idg、iqgD-axis current and q-axis current of the inverter output current in a dq rotation coordinate system are respectively obtained.
Vector V of network voltagegPositioned above the d-axis in the dq rotation coordinate system, the voltages and currents of which are shown in fig. 4 in different coordinate systems. From FIG. 4, it can be seen that:
the combination of formula (9) and formula (10) gives:
as can be seen from equation (11): active power and active power current i output by inverterdgIn direct proportion, the reactive power output by the inverter is in direct proportion to the reactive power current iqgIs in direct proportion. Active power and reactive power of the inverter realize decoupling control.
The diode-clamped three-level three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter grid voltage directional vector control strategy is shown in fig. 5. The three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter adopts a photovoltaic and current double closed-loop control structure. The voltage outer ring is used for stabilizing the direct-current bus voltage of the photovoltaic inverter, the inner ring is in d-axis current and q-axis current closed-loop control, wherein d-axis current is used for controlling the photovoltaic inverter to output active power, and q-axis current is used for controlling the photovoltaic inverter to output reactive power.
As can be seen from equation (8) and the control strategy of fig. 5: changing the reactive power setpoint current of a photovoltaic inverter at a certain time
The inductance value of the grid voltage impedance can be calculated.
Therefore, the inductance part L is used for detecting the voltage impedance of the power grid connected with the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected invertergThe three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter power grid impedance inductance detection method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that a three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is enabled to work at a first working point, and an output voltage vector and an output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the first working point are measured;
enabling the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to work at a second working point, and measuring an output voltage vector and an output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the second working point, wherein the reactive power given currents of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the second working point are different from the reactive power given currents of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the first working point;
respectively converting the output voltage vector and the output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the first working point and the output voltage vector and the output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the second working point into dq rotation coordinate system, and then converting the dq rotation coordinate system according to the dq rotation coordinate system
Calculating to obtain an inductance part L in the voltage impedance of the power gridg. Wherein, Vd1、Vd2D-axis component, V, of output voltage vector of three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at first working point and second working point respectivelyq1、Vq2Q-axis component i of output voltage vector of three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at first working point and second working point respectivelygd1、igd2D-axis component i of output current vector of three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at first working point and second working point respectivelygq1、igq2Q-axis component, omega, of output current vector of three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at first and second operating points respectivelygIs the grid voltage angular frequency.
Due to operation of invertersSince there is fluctuation in the d-axis and q-axis voltages and currents at the first operating point and the second operating point, the following method is preferably employed: presetting a detection time period, when the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter respectively works at a first working point and a second working point, respectively measuring an output voltage vector and an output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter based on the detection time period, and using an average value of the output voltage vector and an average value of the output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter in the detection time period as an inductance part LgIn the calculation of (2). In this embodiment, the detection time period is set to 20ms, and the instantaneous value is replaced with the average value within 20ms, thereby improving the calculation accuracy of the inductance part of the grid voltage impedance. The grid voltage impedance inductance part based on the average is calculated as:
wherein, Vd1AverIs Vd1Average value of voltage 20ms period, Vd2AverIs Vd2Average value of voltage 20ms period, Vq1AverIs Vq1Average value of voltage 20ms period, Vq2AverIs Vq2Average value of voltage 20ms period; i.e. igd1AverIs igd1Average value of current over 20ms period, igd2AverIs igd2Average value of current over 20ms period, igq1AverIs igq1Average value of current over 20ms period, igq2AverIs igq2Average value of current 20ms period.
The method of the invention fully utilizes the characteristic of flexible reactive power control of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, adopts a power grid voltage vector control strategy and realizes the accurate detection of the power grid voltage impedance inductance part by changing the reactive power current. The method does not increase any hardware equipment, and is convenient to realize. Meanwhile, the method does not influence the output performance of the inverter, and can also perform reactive power compensation on the power grid according to the requirements of the power grid.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter power grid impedance and inductance detection method is used for detecting an inductance part in voltage impedance of a power grid connected with a three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, enabling the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to work at a first working point, and measuring an output voltage vector and an output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the first working point;
enabling the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to work at a second working point, measuring an output voltage vector and an output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the second working point, and enabling the reactive power given current of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to be different at the second working point and the first working point;
respectively converting the output voltage vector and the output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the first working point and the output voltage vector and the output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the second working point into dq rotation coordinate system according to
Calculating to obtain an inductance part L in the voltage impedance of the power gridgWherein V isd1、Vd2D-axis component, V, of output voltage vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the first working point and the second working point respectivelyq1、Vq2Q-axis component i of output voltage vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the first working point and the second working point respectivelygd1、igd2The output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is respectively the first working point and the second working pointD-axis component of quantity, igq1、igq2Q-axis component, ω, of the output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter at the first operating point and the second operating point, respectivelygIs the grid voltage angular frequency.
2. The three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter power grid impedance and inductance detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: setting a detection time period, when the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter respectively works at the first working point and the second working point, respectively measuring an output voltage vector and an output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter based on the detection time period, and using an average value of the output voltage vector and an average value of the output current vector of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter in the detection time period as an inductance part LgIn the calculation of (2).
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