CN107857575A - 一种用于寻热式热敏电缆的热敏材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于寻热式热敏电缆的热敏材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于寻热式热敏电缆的热敏材料,其特征在于,各组分的重量百分含量为,氧化锰:60~99%;调阻氧化物和/或平衡氧化物为氧化铝、氮化铝、氧化镍中的任一种或几种,其中:氧化铝0~19.5%;氮化铝:0~19.5%;氧化镍:1%,且氧化铝、氮化铝、氧化镍之和为40~1%。采用该热敏材料制作的寻热式热敏电缆,抗震性、弯曲性好,不会与电极和外保护管发生相互作用,并且其电阻均匀,一致性好,成品率高,能准确测量待测场内最高温度点的温度变化情况,测温范围为室温~900℃。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种材料领域,特别涉及一种用于寻热式热敏电缆的热敏材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
在现代工农业生产中安全就是效益,但许多生产设备和场所(“线温”、“面温”、“大空间”)常因工况变化造成局部温度变高而引发火灾,因此有必要对其进行实时的温度监控以防止火灾的发生。对于这种设备和场所,常用的测温传感器是寻热式热敏电缆,它通过内部负温度系数热敏材料的电阻变化形成“临时热端”,此时类似于普通热电偶。现有的测温传感器主要有以下两种,第一种是热敏材料采用氧化锰、氧化钙、氧化铬、氧化镁中的任两种,通过在电极上挤包烧结而成;第二种是氧化铁、氧化镍、氧化锰、氧化铝、氧化钴、氧化镨,按一定比例混合、烧结,再铠装粉碎而成。然而上述传感器有以下问题,比如:第一种是采用在偶丝上粘接挤包后烧结成陶瓷,再在其上绕制保护管制成热敏电缆,其柔韧性和密实性差,遇震动或弯曲时热敏材料会移动,导致使用中抗震性和弯曲性差,且测温范围为100~1000℃,不能低温使用;第二种热敏电缆采用铠装工艺制备,解决了抗震性和弯曲性差问题,但因其热敏材料含有能与电极发生氧化还原反应的成分,如氧化铁,在铠装加工时电极易被氧化,造成电极间电阻急剧增大,且不均匀,电缆一致性差,成品率低,由其制成的热敏电缆电阻常温时过大、不稳定,在室温至50℃范围内热电性能不稳定,使得应用和生产受到极大限制,无法满足市场的大量需求。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本专利提供一种用于寻热式热敏电缆的热敏材料,采用该热敏材料制作的寻热式热敏电缆,抗震性、弯曲性好,不会与电极和外保护管发生相互作用,并且其电阻均匀,一致性好,成品率高,能准确测量待测场内最高温度点的温度变化情况,测温范围为室温~900℃。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案是:
用于寻热式热敏电缆的热敏材料,其各组分的重量百分含量为,氧化锰:60~99%;调阻氧化物和/或平衡氧化物为氧化铝、氮化铝、氧化镍中的任一种或几种,其中:氧化铝0~19.5%;氮化铝:0~19.5%;氧化镍:1%,且氧化铝、氮化铝、氧化镍之和为1~40%。
较好的技术方案是,所述材料各组分的重量百分含量为,氧化锰:60~81.3%;氧化铝:17.7~19.5%;氮化铝:0~19.5%;氧化镍:1%。
较好的技术方案是,所述材料各组分的重量百分含量为,氧化锰:60~81.3%;氧化铝:0~19.5%;氮化铝:17.7~19.5%;氧化镍:1%;
较好的技术方案是,所述材料各组分的重量百分含量为,氧化锰:60~81%;氧化铝:9~19.5%;氮化铝:9~19.5%;氧化镍:1%;
用于寻热式热敏电缆的热敏材料的制备方法,有以下步骤:
按照上述任一所述的配比取组分,加入无水乙醇,搅拌均匀后烘干,经1270℃×2h热处理,破碎后过200目筛,得到用于寻热式热敏电缆的热敏材料。
制备方法中所述组分烘干后的热处理,可以使其发生充分的物理化学反应,将组分中晶型由活性强的γ型、β型等转变成较单一的α型,得到稳定的目标晶型,从而使其在较宽的温度范围内具有稳定、均匀的热电性能。
本发明所述热敏材料是B值较大的负温度系数材料,以氧化锰为主成分,起负温度作用,即温度升高、阻值降低;氧化铝、氮化铝起调阻作用,同时氮化铝导热好于氧化铝,可适当提高热敏电缆的响应时间;氧化镍起化学平衡作用,防止热敏电缆加工热处理中电极和外保护管中金属镍的扩散。本发明所述材料根据常温电阻要求设置各组分,当低温使用时,要求电阻较小,此时氧化锰为99%;高温使用时电阻较大,加入氧化铝和氮化铝调阻,加入氧化镍平衡,此时氧化锰为60%。继续增加氧化铝和氮化铝会使热敏电缆常温电阻过大,低温时因干扰使输出信号异常跳动而无法使用。因此,本发明所述氧化铝和氮化铝的含量不能超过19.5%,并且氧化铝、氮化铝、氧化镍之和为40~1%。
采用本发明所述材料制备热敏电缆的方法是:按上述配比称取各组分氧化物粉末,植入容器中,加入无水乙醇,高速搅拌混和,烘干;将粉末在1270℃热处理数小时,破碎后过200目分样筛;加入纤维素粘接剂和水后放入挤制机中制成双孔瓷柱,晾干五天,除去粘接剂;将电极穿入瓷柱孔中,套上外保护管,减径,使其密实填在电极和外保护管之间。
本发明较现有技术具有以下优点:
本发明采用铠装工艺,热敏材料是压实的,不会因使用中震动、弯曲改变热敏材料电阻特性和热电性能;
本发明制备的热敏材料电阻率可调,根据不同的使用温度范围可分级选用,所有材料可在900℃内使用,制成的热敏电缆常温电阻在1千欧至10兆欧之间,可用于室温~900℃内测温,拓宽了测温范围;
本发明的热敏材料与电极材料之间具有良好的适应性,避免了原来组分材料高温时氧化腐蚀热电极的缺陷,制成的热敏电缆电阻均匀、一致性好;
本发明消除了热敏材料与电极和保护管之间的相互作用,使之可以采用更大尺寸的原材料外管制备,制备的成品长度成倍提高,加工效率大幅提高,成本大幅降低。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明做进一步的说明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例中。
实施例1
称取氧化锰495g,氧化镍5g,加入无水乙醇400ml,高速搅拌均匀后烘干,放入马弗炉中经1270℃×2h热处理,处理物破碎后过200目分样筛,加入纤维素粘接剂和水后放入挤制机中制成双孔瓷柱,晾干五天,除去粘接剂,将K型热电极穿过瓷柱,再装入inconel 600φ16×1.5合金管中,减径至φ3,加工使其密实填在电极和外保护管之间。
实施例2
称取氧化锰406.5g、氧化铝88.5g、氧化镍5g,加入无水乙醇400ml,高速搅拌均匀后烘干,放入马弗炉中经1270℃×2h热处理,处理物破碎后过200目分样筛,加入纤维素粘接剂和水后放入挤制机中制成双孔瓷柱,晾干五天,除去粘接剂,将K型热电极穿过瓷柱,再装入inconel 600φ16×1.5合金管中,减径至φ3,使其密实填在电极和外保护管之间。
实施例3
称取氧化锰406.5g、氮化铝88.5g、氧化镍5g,加入无水乙醇400ml,高速搅拌均匀后烘干,热处理,放入马弗炉中经1270℃×2h热处理,处理物破碎后过200目分样筛,加入纤维素粘接剂和水后放入挤制机中制成双孔瓷柱,晾干五天,除去粘接剂,将K型热电极穿过瓷柱,再装入inconel 600φ16×1.5合金管中,减径至φ3,加工使其密实填在电极和外保护管之间。
实施例4
称取氧化锰335g、氧化铝160g、氧化镍5g,加入无水乙醇400ml,高速搅拌均匀后烘干,放入马弗炉中经1270℃×2h热处理,处理物破碎后过200目分样筛,加入纤维素粘接剂和水后放入挤制机中制成双孔瓷柱,晾干五天,除去粘接剂,将K型热电极穿过瓷柱,再装入inconel 600φ16×1.5合金管中,减径至φ3,加工使其密实填在电极和外保护管之间。
实施例5
称取氧化锰300g、氧化铝97.5g、氮化铝97.5g、氧化镍5g,加入无水乙醇400ml,高速搅拌均匀后烘干,放入马弗炉中经1270℃×2h热处理,处理物破碎后过200目分样筛,加入纤维素粘接剂和水后放入挤制机中制成双孔瓷柱,晾干五天,除去粘接剂,将K型热电极穿过瓷柱,再装入inconel 600φ16×1.5合金管中,减径至φ3,加工使其密实填在电极和外保护管之间。
表1采用本发明所述材料制备的热敏电缆的性能
Claims (4)
1.一种用于寻热式热敏电缆的热敏材料,其特征在于,各组分的重量百分含量为,氧化锰:60~99%;调阻氧化物和/或平衡氧化物为氧化铝、氮化铝、氧化镍中的任一种或几种,其中:氧化铝0~19.5%;氮化铝:0~19.5%;氧化镍:1%,且氧化铝、氮化铝、氧化镍之和为1~40%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的材料,其特征在于,各组分的重量百分含量为,氧化锰:60~81.3%;氧化铝:17.7~19.5%;氮化铝:0~19.5%;氧化镍:1%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的材料,其特征在于,各组分的重量百分含量为,氧化锰:60~81.3%;氧化铝:0~19.5%;氮化铝:17.7~19.5%;氧化镍:1%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的材料,其特征在于,各组分的重量百分含量为,氧化锰:60~81%;氧化铝:9~19.5%;氮化铝:9~19.5%;氧化镍:1%。
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