CN107855281B - Small multifunctional air screen cleaning machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a small-sized multifunctional air screen type cleaning machine which is characterized by comprising a frame, a feeding hopper, an air speed adjusting plate, an air quantity distributing valve, a vibrating screen body, a screen body angle adjusting rod, a screen body amplitude adjusting rod, a bumpy track assembly, a buckle lock, an eccentric cam mechanism, a belt transmission system, a motor, an induced draft fan, an air pipe, a supporting seat, a distribution box and the like; wherein: the feeding hopper and the air hopper are arranged at the upper part of the rear end of the frame, and the air hopper is arranged right below the feeding hopper; the motor and the induced draft fan are fixed at the bottom of the frame; the vibrating screen body is obliquely arranged at the center of the frame, the front end of the vibrating screen body is arranged on the bumpy track assembly structure, the rear end is connected with the frame through a screen inclination angle adjusting rod, and the front part is low and the rear part is high; the eccentric cam mechanism is arranged at the rear lower part of the frame through a bearing with a seat. The machine integrates air separation and screening, has compact structure and stable operation, is clean in seed cleaning after operation, and is suitable for popularization and application in community test of scientific research institutions.

Description

Small multifunctional air screen cleaning machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to agricultural mechanical equipment, in particular to a cleaning device suitable for classifying large and small materials of harvested mixed grains when a scientific research unit conducts a plot test.

Background Art

At this stage, with the continuous improvement of agronomic technology, most agricultural research institutions tend to plant many varieties and small areas during plot trials. The yield of a single variety after harvest is basically less than 50 kilograms, and the cleaning devices on the market are basically large and medium-sized equipment, which are basically not suitable for the small amount of crops harvested after plot trials. Researchers can only screen them manually, which is labor-intensive and has low production efficiency. It cannot meet the requirements of the integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a small-scale cleaning device for scientific research.

For small-scale cleaning machine devices, the core technology is the development of wind selection systems and screening systems. In recent years, the technology of large and medium-sized cleaning machines has become mature, but there is little research on small-scale cleaning machines. The main reasons are: first, the market demand for small-scale cleaning machines is small, and enterprises and scientific research institutions have not invested much; second, the screen structure of the existing cleaning machine is only suitable for screening grains of a certain volume, and the screen cannot be replaced or the replacement is particularly complicated. At the same time, the inclination angle and amplitude of the vibrating screen body are not convenient to adjust. When the screening objects are different, the versatility is poor, and the reference and reference value in terms of equipment structure and working principle are not strong. At present, there is a lack of general equipment on the market that is suitable for stratified cleaning of small amounts of mixed grains when conducting plot trials for different crops such as barley, wheat, sunflower, and corn.

Summary of the invention

The present invention provides a small-sized multifunctional wind-screen type cleaning machine. Aiming at the practical dilemma that no cleaning equipment is available after the scientific research units have carried out small-area tests, through a large amount of research and improvement, a bump track assembly, a screen sliding track, a pull-out screen, a screen inclination adjustment rod, a screen amplitude adjustment rod and other structures are innovatively arranged in the screen body structure, and the multi-layer screen body frame is bundled with a buckle lock to form an integral structure; a wind speed adjustment plate is arranged in the air hopper, and an air volume distribution valve is arranged at the interface between the air duct and the air hopper; a screen body amplitude adjustment rod is arranged at the end of the eccentric cam shaft to connect with the vibrating screen body. During the operation of the machine, the induced draft fan can suck light impurities in the screened materials to the impurity discharge port of the induced draft fan. The four-stage stratified screening system can separate large impurities (straw), large materials, small materials and small impurities (dust) into layers. The whole machine has a compact structure and runs smoothly. After operation, the first-level discharge port is for large impurities, the second-level discharge port is for large materials, the third-level discharge port is for small materials, and the fourth-level discharge port is for small impurities. In particular, the large and small materials at the second and third-level discharge ports are cleaned, and the fourth-level discharge port discharges full crop grains. It is suitable for promotion and application in small-scale trials in scientific research institutions.

The function of the present invention is achieved as follows: a small multifunctional wind screen type cleaning machine, which includes a frame, a feeding hopper, an air hopper, an air speed adjustment plate, an air volume distribution valve, a vibrating screen body, a screen body angle inclination adjustment rod, a screen body amplitude adjustment rod, a bump track assembly, a buckle lock, an eccentric cam mechanism, a belt transmission system, a motor, an induced draft fan, an air duct, a support seat, a distribution box and other components, wherein: the feeding hopper and the air hopper are arranged at the upper rear end of the frame, and the air hopper is placed directly below the feeding hopper; the motor and the induced draft fan are fixed to the bottom of the frame; the vibrating screen body is tilted and arranged in the center of the frame, the front end is placed on the bump track assembly structure, and the rear end is connected to the frame through the screen body inclination adjustment rod, with the front lower and the rear higher; the eccentric cam mechanism is arranged at the lower rear end of the frame through a seat bearing, and one end of the eccentric cam shaft transmits power through a belt transmission system.

When working, the cleaning machine is powered by two-phase 220V household electricity, and the motor and induced draft fan power supply lines are connected in parallel and work independently. During the cleaning process, after the screened material is filled into the feeding hopper, the material discharging state of the screened material is realized through the material control plate, and the wind speed and weight in the air hopper are controlled by adjusting the wind speed adjustment plate and the air volume distribution valve. When the screened material is in the air hopper, the light impurities in the screened material are sucked to the impurity discharge port of the induced draft fan under the action of the induced draft fan, realizing the first preliminary selection of the screened material; when the mixed grains after the preliminary selection enter the screen body, under the drive of the motor, the belt transmission system transmits power to the eccentric cam mechanism, and the eccentric cam drives the vibrating screen body to do reciprocating bumping motion, and the vibrating screen body is synchronously vibrated to perform layered screening on the screened material, and materials of different sizes are filtered out at the first, second, third, and fourth level discharge ports synchronously, and the elastic balls on the screen net are constantly bounced up and knocked on the screen piece, and the grains stuck in the screen piece are ejected to keep the screen piece unobstructed. When different screening objects need to be sorted, the pull-out screen can be pulled out and replaced with a screen with a suitable aperture. The screen amplitude and inclination can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the screen amplitude adjusting rod and the height of the screen inclination adjusting rod at the end of the eccentric cam as required.

The vibrating screen body comprises a pull-out screen plate, a multi-layer screen frame structure and an elastic ball, wherein: a screen plate slideway, a screen mesh and a cavity are arranged on the multi-layer screen frame structure, the pull-out screen plate is arranged in the screen plate slideway, a plurality of cavities are arranged on the screen mesh, and the elastic ball is placed on the screen mesh.

A wind speed regulating plate is arranged in the air scoop, and the wind speed regulating plate comprises an inclined baffle and an operating valve. The inclination angle of the inclined baffle is adjusted by adjusting the operating valve to achieve wind blocking, flow diversion and wind induction, and adjust the flow rate of wind in the air scoop.

An air volume distribution valve is provided at the interface between the air duct and the air scoop. The air volume distribution valve comprises a circular baffle and an operating valve. The air volume in the air scoop can be changed by adjusting the inclination angle between the circular baffle and the cross section of the air duct.

The eccentric cam mechanism includes an eccentric cam and an eccentric camshaft. The eccentric cam is installed in the vertical bearing seats on both sides of the main frame through the camshaft. The cam position is located in the middle of the eccentric camshaft. A screen body amplitude adjustment rod is provided at the end of the eccentric cam to connect the screen body. The screen body amplitude is adjusted by adjusting the threaded buckle of the screen body amplitude adjustment rod. A pulley is provided on one side of the eccentric camshaft and is connected to the motor through a belt transmission system.

The upper end of the screen body inclination angle adjustment rod is fixed to the frame, and the lower end is connected to the vibrating screen body. The inclination angle of the screen body is adjusted by adjusting the thread buckle.

The bump track assembly includes a bump track frame, a pulley, a suspension spring support block, a suspension spring, and a fixed frame. The pulley is installed in the bump track frame, the suspension spring support block is placed in the bump track frame and is in curved contact with the pulley installed on the bump track frame, and the suspension spring is placed below the suspension spring support block; the front end of the vibrating screen body slides along the contact curved surface between the pulley and the suspension spring support block at the upper end of the suspension spring, so that the entire vibrating screen body performs reciprocating bumping motion.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the machine has a novel and compact structure, a small volume, and is characterized by light weight, low dust, low energy consumption, and strong generality. It adopts a plug-in mesh, and different meshes can be replaced according to the size of the screened particles. It has multiple uses and a wide range of applications. The screen body inclination angle adjustment rod and the screen body amplitude adjustment rod at the end of the eccentric cam can conveniently adjust the screen body inclination angle and the screen body amplitude, further ensuring that the screen body can reach the optimal inclination angle and amplitude when the cleaning machine is working. It integrates air selection and vibration screening, and the designed feed volume of the whole machine is less than 50 kilograms, which can fully meet the scientific research needs of the experimental field in the community, and greatly improves the work efficiency while reducing the labor intensity.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a small multifunctional air screen cleaning machine;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the feeding hopper and the air hopper structure;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vibrating screen body;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the layered screen frame structure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bumpy track assembly.

In the figure: 1-feeding hopper; 2-air hopper; 3-frame; 4-vibrating screen body; 5-screen body inclination adjustment rod; 6-screen body amplitude adjustment rod; 7-eccentric cam; 8-eccentric cam shaft; 9-support seat; 10-belt transmission system; 11-buckle lock; 12-motor; 13-induced draft fan; 14-exhaust port; 15-air duct; 16-bumping track assembly; 17-fourth-level discharge port; 18-third-level Discharge port; 19-secondary discharge port; 20-primary discharge port; 21-distribution box; 22-air volume distribution valve; 23-wind speed adjustment plate; 24-pull-out screen; 25-screen frame structure; 26-screen slide; 27-elastic ball; 28-frame cavity; 29-screen; 30-suspension spring; 31-pulley; 32-suspension spring support block; 33-bumping track frame; 34-fixed frame.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the small multifunctional cleaning machine proposed in the present invention includes a frame 3, a feeding hopper 1, an air hopper 2, a wind speed adjustment plate 23, an air volume distribution valve 22, a vibrating screen body 4, a screen body inclination adjustment rod 5, a screen body amplitude adjustment rod 6, a bump track assembly 16, a buckle lock 11, an eccentric cam 7, an eccentric cam shaft 8, a belt drive system 10, a motor 12, an induced draft fan 13, an air duct 15, a support seat 9, a distribution box 21 and other structures. The cleaning machine is powered by 220V household two-phase lighting electricity. The motor 12 and the induced draft fan 13 are powered by a parallel circuit and work independently of each other. During the working process, the screened material is added from the feeding hopper 1, the material control plate in the feeding hopper 1 is opened, and the screened material flows downward. When the screened material enters the air bucket 2, under the action of the induced draft fan 13, the light impurities in the screened material are sucked to the impurity discharge port 14 of the induced draft fan 13 through the air duct 15. Synchronously, the air volume distribution valve 22 and the wind speed adjustment plate are appropriately adjusted. 23, until the air volume and wind speed are appropriate; when the screened material after air selection enters the vibrating screen body 4, the vibrating screen body 4 is continuously reciprocating and bumping and vibrating driven by the eccentric cam 7, and the elastic balls 27 distributed synchronously on the screen 29 continuously hit the pull-out screen plate 24, and the grains blocked on the pull-out screen plate 24 are bounced up, and synchronously, the large impurities are screened out at the first-level discharge port 20, the large materials are screened out at the second-level discharge port 19, the small materials are screened out at the third-level discharge port 18, and the small impurities are screened out at the fourth-level discharge port. When it is necessary to adjust the amplitude of the screen body, adjust the length of the thread buckle of the screen body amplitude adjustment rod 6, when it is necessary to adjust the inclination angle of the screen body, adjust the height of the screen body angle inclination adjustment rod 5, when it is necessary to select different types of crop grains, remove the pull-out screen plate 24 from the screen plate slide 26, and replace the screen plate with a suitable aperture.

Claims (1)

1. The utility model provides a small-size multi-functional wind sieve formula cleaning machine, it includes frame, feeding hopper, wind scoop, wind speed regulating plate, air distribution valve, vibrating screen body, screen body angle adjusting pole, screen body amplitude adjusting pole, jolt track assembly, hasp lock, eccentric cam mechanism, belt drive system, motor, induced air fan, tuber pipe, supporting seat, block terminal, wherein: the feeding hopper and the air hopper are arranged at the upper part of the rear end of the frame, and the air hopper is arranged right below the feeding hopper; the motor and the induced draft fan are fixed at the bottom of the frame; the vibrating screen body is obliquely arranged at the center of the frame, the front end of the vibrating screen body is arranged on the bumpy track assembly, the rear end is connected with the frame through a sieve body angle adjusting rod, and the front part is low and the rear part is high; the eccentric cam mechanism is arranged at the rear lower part of the frame through a bearing with a seat, and one end of the eccentric cam shaft is used for power transmission through a belt transmission system;

The vibrating screen body comprises pull formula sieve piece, multilayer screen body frame, elastic ball, wherein: the multi-layer screen frame is provided with a screen slide way, a screen and cavities, the pull type screen is arranged in the screen slide way, the screen is provided with a plurality of cavities, the elastic ball is arranged on the screen, and the multi-layer screen frame is fixed through a snap lock arranged on the side edge;

an air quantity distribution valve is arranged at the joint of the air pipe and the air hopper and consists of a circular baffle and an operation valve, and the air quantity in the air hopper is changed by adjusting the inclination angle of the cross section of the circular baffle and the cross section of the air pipe;

the upper end of the screen body angle adjusting rod is fixed with the frame, the lower end is connected with the vibrating screen body, and the inclination angle of the screen body is adjusted by adjusting the thread buckle;

the wind speed adjusting plate arranged in the wind hopper consists of an inclined baffle plate and an operating valve, the inclined angle of the inclined baffle plate is adjusted by adjusting the operating valve, so that wind shielding, flow guiding and wind guiding are realized, and the flow speed of wind in the wind hopper is adjusted;

the end part of the eccentric cam is provided with a screen amplitude adjusting rod, the screen amplitude adjusting rod is connected with the screen, and the amplitude of the screen is adjusted by adjusting a thread buckle on the screen amplitude adjusting rod;

The jolt rail assembly consists of a jolt rail frame, pulleys, a suspension spring supporting block, a suspension spring and a fixing frame, wherein the pulleys are arranged in the jolt rail frame, the suspension spring supporting block is arranged in the jolt rail frame and is in curved surface contact with the pulleys arranged on the jolt rail frame, the suspension spring is arranged below the suspension spring supporting block, and under the excitation action of an eccentric cam, the front end of the vibrating screen body slides according to the contact curved surface of the pulleys and the suspension spring supporting block at the upper end of the suspension spring, so that the whole vibrating screen body makes reciprocating jolt movement.