CN107848069B - Laser machining device and method - Google Patents

Laser machining device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107848069B
CN107848069B CN201680003642.4A CN201680003642A CN107848069B CN 107848069 B CN107848069 B CN 107848069B CN 201680003642 A CN201680003642 A CN 201680003642A CN 107848069 B CN107848069 B CN 107848069B
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laser
core
light
fiber
optical fiber
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CN107848069A (en
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J.坎加斯图帕
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Corelase Oy
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Corelase Oy
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/322—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving coated metal parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
    • B23K26/0608—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams in the same heat affected zone [HAZ]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
    • B23K26/0613—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams having a common axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B23K26/0648—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising lenses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/067—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing
    • B23K26/0676—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing into dependently operating sub-beams, e.g. an array of spots with fixed spatial relationship or for performing simultaneously identical operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
    • B23K26/0734—Shaping the laser spot into an annular shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/262—Optical details of coupling light into, or out of, or between fibre ends, e.g. special fibre end shapes or associated optical elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of device and method for laser treatment.It provides at least one first laser light beam from least one the first light feeding fiber for being connected at least one first laser equipment (6) and feeds at least one second laser light beam of fiber (9) from least one second light for being connected at least one second laser equipment (7).First and second laser beam is incorporated into multi-core optical fiber (12,50).First core (51) of the multi-core optical fiber has circular cross section, and second core (53) has the annular shape concentric with first core.Composite laser beam including the first and second output beams is directed to the workpiece with the overlapping elements to be soldered (4a, 4b) from the multi-core optical fiber (12,50).

Description

Laser machining device and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser machining devices and method.Particularly, the present invention is related to through the material of laser treatment Welding.
Background technique
When using laser beam come welding metal, which usually passes through condenser lens by optically focused into 100- 500 μm of hot spot is to increase energy density and workpiece is instantaneously heated to 1500 degree or higher melting point metal, to make work Part fusing.Meanwhile auxiliary gas can be fed to prevent the oxidation of molten metal.With come from CO2Ten micron wavebands of laser Laser beam is compared, and the laser beam of the micron waveband from solid-state laser or fibre laser is realized to working metal object Very high optics energy intensity and absorptivity.However, if the laser beam and oxygen of the micron waveband with Gaussian beam Gas auxiliary gas is used to cut together mild steel piece workpiece, then the melting width on workpiece top surface unnecessarily widens kerf control And weaken kerf control.Furthermore, it is possible to which spontaneous combustion occurs, the quality of laser cutting is made to be deteriorated.
The laser light circlewise that the intensity profile of annular or similar " baked donut " shape can be described as having is provided The use of beam is referred to as laser treatment.It has been observed that when using baked donut light beam rather than when more conventional beam profile, can To execute the cutting of the metal of given thickness with more significantly lower power, and can produce for cutting speed and quality good Good result.
US8781269, which is disclosed, is directed to multi-clad fiber for laser beam to generate the different light beams of output laser beam The various arrangements of profile characteristic, wherein input laser beam is optionally coupled in internal fiber core or outer annular core.
Such material processing application tries hard to maximize the brightness of laser beam.Brightness be defined as per unit solid angle with And the power of every area.As an example of brightness importance, the brightness for improving laser beam means that laser beam can be by For improving processing speed or material thickness.High brightness laser light can be obtained from such as fibre laser and thin disk laser Beam.Direct diode laser also constantly improves in terms of brightness, but the commercialization for material processing is direct The brightness of fiber or thin disk laser is fully achieved in diode laser not yet.
Have in the welding overlaying coatings plate illustrated in Fig. 1 a and 1b according to the laser treatment that the prior art executes Important disadvantage.With reference to Fig. 1 a, if gap is not present between plate 1a, 1b, laser beam 2 promotes the coating between each plate Material evaporates and pressure promotes each plate to be separated from each other.If there is too wide arc gap, top plate 1a between plate 1a, 1b may burn It wears.As illustrated in Fig. 1 b, if forcing each plate together for example, by fixture, the coating material evaporated is blown by soldered Impurity is caused out and on top plate, and may need costly and time-consuming purification process.
Accordingly, there exist the needs of improved method and equipment to the laser welding for improving overlapping plates.
Summary of the invention
Specific solution and embodiment are limited in the following claims.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of laser machining device includes:
At least one first laser equipment, each providing, there is at least one first light of first laser light beam to present Send fiber；
At least one second laser equipment, each providing, there is at least one second light of second laser light beam to present Send fiber；
It is connected to the light beam combination unit of the first and second feeding fiber and multi-core optical fiber, which is fitted Be made by make at least one described light feed fiber be aligned with the first core of the multi-core optical fiber and described in making at least one Second light feeding fiber is aligned to form composite laser beam, wherein described more at least one second core of the multi-core optical fiber First core of core fibre has circular cross section, and second core has the annular shape concentric with first core Shape；And
First and second core is adapted at laser treatment head, to include the first and second output laser The composite laser beam of light beam is directed to the workpiece with the overlapping elements to be soldered.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of method for being handled workpiece using laser beam, this method are provided Include:
From be connected at least one first laser equipment at least one first light feed fiber provide at least one first Laser beam；
From be connected at least one second laser equipment at least one second light feed fiber provide at least one second Laser beam；
By being directed at least one first light feeding fiber with the first core of the multi-core optical fiber and making described At least one second light feeding fiber is aligned with the second core of the multi-core optical fiber by the first and second laser beams group It closes in multi-core optical fiber, wherein first core of the multi-core optical fiber has circular cross section, and second core has The concentric annular shape with first core, and
By include the first and second output beams from the multi-core optical fiber composite laser beam be directed to have want The workpiece of soldered overlapping elements.
According to some embodiments of this method and device, which includes the first plate and the second plate, the composite laser beam It is directed to the first plate, thus the first output laser beam from first core causes to reach the second plate by the first plate It is open and second from second core exports the welding that laser beam causes each plate substantially.
According to some other embodiments, which is clad plate (such as steel plate), and the first output laser beam causes to use In be released through evaporation the second plate coating and caused by pressure opening.
It according to some embodiments of the present invention, can be by means of being functionally connected to described first and/or second laser equipment Control unit come the power density that is individually controlled in first and second output beam.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, make to be adapted in the first light feeding fiber of guidance first laser light beam The heart is aligned with the center of first core of the multi-core optical fiber, and makes to be adapted to one second laser light beam of guidance extremely The center of few second light feeding fiber is between the interior diameter and overall diameter of second toroidal cores of the multi-core optical fiber Alignment.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the case where continuous welding first output beam be in low-level or First output beam is arranged to low-level by person.
According to another aspect of the present invention, creative device is used for the laser welding of overlapping elements.
Next, the embodiment of the present invention is described in greater detail with reference to the attached drawings.
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 a and 1b illustrate the conventional laser welding of overlapping plates；
Fig. 2 shows the embodiments using laser welding of embodiment according to the present invention；
Fig. 3 shows the laser machining device of embodiment according to the present invention；
Fig. 4 is illustrated in cross-section the composite laser beam of embodiment according to the present invention；
Fig. 5 shows the cross section of the receiving end of the coupling device of embodiment according to the present invention；
Fig. 6 illustrates the refractive index profile of the output in male part according to one embodiment；And
Fig. 7 schematically shows the optical component according to one embodiment.
Specific embodiment
It folds in the various applications not having on top and between each element or with very small―gap suture, needs each other in element It will be by welding together by one of each element application laser beam to be formed and be welded between each element.According to the present invention One aspect, the laser welding for folding element on top each other can be improved by a kind of method and apparatus now, in the party The first laser output beam with substantially round cross section is formed in method and device and is had same with the first laser light beam The second laser output beam of the basic annular shape of the heart.Therefore the first output laser beam can be referred to as round or center light Beam, and the second output laser beam is referred to as annular or annular beam.The first output laser beam and second laser are defeated Light beam is directed to the workpiece with the overlapping elements to be soldered out.The first output laser beam causes for discharging each The opening of pressure caused by between element, and the second output laser beam mainly causes to weld and keeps opening smooth.Therefore, when When output laser beam is directed to the first plate (such as coating stainless steel plate), which causes by first Plate reaches the circular open of the second plate, and the second output laser beam causes the welding of each plate.
Fig. 2 shows the schematic cross-sections of diagram laser welding according to an embodiment of the invention.Workpiece 3 includes the One clad plate 3a and second coating plate 3b, such as aluminized coating or spelter coating steel plate.Central light beam 4 causes for making by the second plate 3b Evaporation coating caused by the opening that escapes of pressure, and annular beam 5 causes the welding of each plate substantially and keeps opening smooth.By Heat caused by light beam conducts via the first plate and melts the region for being used to form the inside of annular beam of welding.
In the presence of can by by the combined application of presently disclosed central light beam 4 and annular beam 5 in welding overlapping elements can The various advantages realized.The pressure for causing and (usually being caused by coating material) between plate 3a, 3b can be by being drawn by central light beam Opening discharge, when laser is moved to subsequent welding position, the central light beam is closed.Upper layer coating material can be Do not cause to merge the seam in the case where the splashing except weld seam.Therefore other devices forced each plate together be can avoid and gone Except the additional purification process of splashing.
It is defeated can be individually controlled described first and/or second regardless of the state of other light beams according to one embodiment Power density in laser beam out.Embodiment can be applied to hot spot welding and continuous welding application.What is continuously welded In the case of, leading edge of the annular beam 5 on the moving direction of laser treatment head causes the first intensity peak and annular beam 5 Back edge cause the second intensity peak.Therefore, element be heated by the stage, and with the list to cause enough fusings A hot spot light beam is compared, and the strength level of back edge and leading edge can be lower.Other than preheating, leading edge also provides dirt Contaminate object ablation.This makes it possible to be avoided temperature change sharply and is avoided or at least reduced subsequent tempering and therefore by sharply Temperature change caused by weaker area.Use of the annular beam in continuous welding, which also helps, to be avoided splashing.In a reality It applies in example, the power density of central light beam 4 can be set low to or central light beam can be fully closed.Therefore, it can avoid Heat.
In can be by the way that the laser beam combination of the feeding fiber in initial laser equipment and multi-core optical fiber be generated The mixing of heart light beam 4 and annular beam 5, the composite laser beam with central light beam 4 and annular beam 5 that result can be obtained Workpiece 3 is directed to from multi-core optical fiber.First light feeding fiber can be aligned with the first core of multi-core optical fiber, and the feeding of the second light is fine Dimension can be aligned with the second core of the multi-core optical fiber.First core of the multi-core optical fiber has circular cross section, and the second core With the annular shape concentric with first core.Illustrate other example embodiments below.
In some embodiments, carry out application lock hole laser welding in conjunction with heat transfer bond will pass through and apply center and ring-type Laser beam folds element on top to weld each other.It is usual when material needs are engaged with higher thickness with width aspect ratio It is welded using laser lock hole.It heats the material to high-intensitive laser beam higher than evaporating temperature, thus in fusing metal Leading edge at generate be referred to as lock hole deep capillary.As heat source carries out, fusing metal fills the hole below to be formed Weld pearl.Inert gas shields the process and protecteds from undesired oxidation during locking hole welding process.Have by transmitting There is the single pulse of very high impulse intensity, can also realize that hot spot welds, such as used in electronics industry.
Heat transfer bond is applicable to the sheet metal of the typically up to material thickness of approximation 2mm.Focus laser in welded joints Light beam heating material and the heat are conducted through rapidly the sheet metal and it are promoted to melt and be bonded together.Focusing optics Along weld movement, while it focuses the laser beam to sample, to leave the welding of high quality.Conduction is welded, it can Use the laser having compared with low-light level, such as direct diode laser.
The sheet metal that diode laser by that can conduct welding or cutting is handled hits the relatively shallow but wide of metal Hot spot.Typically, the diode laser of this type has the rated power of 2kW and is far below 0.1 MW/cm2Power Density.The depth capacity (and cutting power) of hot spot is usually 2mm.Typical lock hole pattern is (all by high luminance laser device Such as fibre laser) caused by.The no practical limitation of sheet metals to can use such more thickness of laser cutting, but this works as Laser beam intensity and processing speed are so depended on, i.e. laser beam is moved across the speed having when the movement of metal surface.It is fine Dimension laser can have up to 1-10kW or bigger rated power and several MW/cm2Power density.For example, lock hole Diameter can be in the region less than 1 millimeter (such as 0.1 millimeter), and the diameter of hot spot 2 can be in several millimeters of (such as 3 millis Rice) region in.
When pure lock hole weld seam to be compared with the mixing weld seam by the application of round and annular laser beam, refer to Mix the pure lock hole weld seam of weld seam penetration ratio using same treatment speed out penetrates at least deep 20%.It is attributed to tool The lucky property of creative mixing welding, weld seam are also certainly wider.For Vickers hardness (HV) value of mixing weld seam Than being directed to the lower of lock hole weld seam, to indicate lesser strengthening effect in mixing weld seam.From these examples it has been seen that The effect of combination lock hole and conduction laser treatment is sizable.
Fig. 3 shows one embodiment of creative device.High brightness fibre laser 6 is connected using optical fiber 8 To laser beam combiner 11.Similarly, one or several solid-states or diode laser 7 are connected to light using fiber 9 Beam combiner 11.In general, single laser beam combiner is as known in the art.In this case, the task of combiner It is all incoming laser beams of arrangement so that they can be coupled to twin-core fiber 12.Therefore, the Combination of laser Matter is the result for propagating two laser beams inside single twin-core fiber 12.Two laser beams inside fiber 12 Usually there is different brightness and intensity profile, and can even have different wavelength.In addition, can be by adjusting from fiber Laser 6 and solid-state or the power stage of diode laser 7 independently and continuously to control the function in two laser beams Rate grade.
In order to realize the enough brightness of light beam, high brightness fibre laser 6 may include the single or multiple of diode pumping Fibre laser resonator or master oscillator-power amplifier (MOPA) module, such as each include and be coupled to fiber resonator The diode laser of fiber coupling.Other examples of high luminance laser device are that the thin disk laser of fiber coupling or Nd-YAG swash Light device, they are with the optical pumping from diode laser.Modern-day lasers technology is often relied on as energy transmission The light of medium, because many active solid-state photosensitive enlarging materials are insulators.Because of its higher efficiency and relatively narrow spectrum, two poles Pipe laser is instead of previously used flash lamp.
Laser 7 is typically Fiber-coupled laser device, may also include and is swashed by the solid-state of diode laser pumped Light device resonator, such as thin disk laser resonator (not shown).Twin-core fiber 12 carries in core in its center to swash from fiber The laser beam of light device 6 and the light beam generated by one or more second laser resonators 7 is carried in external core, this is outer Portion's core is arranged to, around central core, to see Fig. 5 away from central core certain distance annular.It is apparent that and at of the invention one In embodiment, both first and second lasers can be fibre laser, each have can independent control power stage. Some lasers are the fibre lasers by construction and being inherently fed to light in optical fiber, and other are needed and fibre optics Ground engages to be directed at laser beam with the core of output fiber.Therefore, in some embodiments, both lasers 6 and 7 can be with Be fibre laser, in other embodiments fiber and solid-state or diode laser any combination or both can be with It is diode laser.The rated power of the purposes of laser aid and each laser module determines the laser of which kind of type It is easily connected to beam combiner 11.
Laser treatment head 13 is connected at the opposite end of twin-core fiber, which will be combination or multiple It closes laser beam 16 and is directed to workpiece 14 forward.The laser treatment head 13 generally include collimation and condenser lens (not shown) so as to The intensity profile occurred from the end of fiber 12 is generated on the workpiece 14 with the desired size such as determined by the focal length of lens Image.The task of laser head 13, which can also be, provides shroud gas to weld seam, or provides compressed gas spray to cutting line.Pressure Contracting gas also protects the optical device in laser head 13 to melt metal from spraying, and also removes it from cutting line to help to protect Hold cleaning.
In one embodiment of the invention, the device with control unit 10 is provided.The control unit can be also integrated In one in laser element 6 or 7.Alternatively, for convenience and reliability, all units 6,7 and 10 can be placed in list It is integrated each other in a shell and in their construction.The control unit can be used to execute cyclic annular and central light beam profile Power control, and realize the ring-type-central light beam being dynamically adapted, it can be adjusted in operation when application needs. The control unit can be configured to the modulation of at least one of control laser element 6,7.Preferably, it individually can dynamically control Make the modulation of the two laser beams.Therefore, by same device various different welding applications and purpose are become It may.Beam profile can be dynamically adjusted into the demand for being suitable for various challenging welds types/applications, such as different Material, coating and/or thickness.
Control unit 10 can receive feedback 15 from the user of laser head 13, such as automatically anti-from light intensity sensor Feedback.Feedback or input are then used to control the power of laser 6 and 7 to follow predeterminated target, or according at workpiece 14 The resulting welding of the result observed or cutting result adjust laser power.In one embodiment, when selection sequential welding connects When, control unit is settable for passing through the suitable parameter and close central light beam 4 or set that annular beam 5 is welded It sets at low-level.Control unit 10 or another control unit also can control the other function of welder, such as laser treatment First 13 movement.
Control unit 10 may include such as general purpose computer.Such computer can be provided that for based on given input ginseng Number and institute is received feeds back 15 to control the appropriate software of laser 6 and 7.Alternatively, which may include microcontroller, Such as auspicious Sa RL78 or Toshiba's TLCS-870 microcontroller or the like.The control unit may include or be connected at least one Memory.The memory may include the various parameters for influencing the operation of the device, such as limit different centers and/or annular beam The parameter set of profile and the different welding profiles that thus can be adjusted by operator.Memory can store computer program code, At least one processor and computer program code be configured to according to various embodiments using at least one process kernel come It controls welder operation and center and annular beam generates.
According to the present invention, beam combiner 11 is made of vitreous silica component, and optical power is in tekite in this case English internal communication is by entire combiner structure, and combiner has optical fiber in input terminal and output.Therefore, in this hair In bright, beam combiner 11 is referred to alternatively as full fiberglass combination device.
The structure for occurring the composite laser beam 40 for reaching workpiece 14 from laser treatment head is shown in FIG. 4.Annular, outer Annular beam 42 carries the laser power provided by laser equipment 7.Correspondingly, inside center light beam 41 is carried by fibre laser The laser power that equipment 6 provides, and due to its higher brightness will cause to lock hole pattern in workpiece.Between each light beam It is annular shape area 43, stray radiation is only provided or laser emission is not provided.
The cross section of the example twin-core fiber 50 with central core 51 is shown in FIG. 5, which has main covering 54.External core 53 is spatially formed by interior wrap 54 and extramural cladding 55.Such as to being familiar with for anyone of this field It is clear that covering is defined as the material with refractive index more lower than the refractive index of core.For example, the diameter of central core 51 can To be 70 μm, and the interior diameter of inside and outside core 53 and overall diameter can be 100 μm and 180 μm respectively.Central core and periphery core 51 and 53 also can be used the other forms different from above-described form.Such as central core 51 can have square or rectangle shape Shape.Periphery core 53 can also have square boundary or including linear or circular shape multiple sections.
Benefit is shown in broken lines the feeding fiber 56 of the melting from beam combiner and 57(fiber 72 and end 71) in Fig. 7 How the core in portion can be aligned with the cross section of twin-core fiber 50.
Laser emission in the central core 51 of twin-core fiber 50 has center and narrow spatial intensity profile, and external core 53 Intensity distribution use baked donut shape.It is using the processing optical device in laser head 13 that the spatial-intensity pattern is further It is imaged on workpiece.Using the configuration, the beam quality of laser beam is all relatively high in central core and external core the two.So And due to difference in shape and cross section, inner core can produce beam quality more better than external core, and because This is preferably to cut thin material and workpiece or be punched out in the cutting of thick material as target.For thicker material, The cleannes of the intensity distribution of the ring-like of external core, combined treatment speed and weld seam or cutting surfaces are attributed to important Property on be more than generated by external core slightly lower beam quality the shortcomings that.It can individually and root by adjusting the power in initial laser source The power level of inner core and external core is adjusted according to the requirement of workpiece.
Referring now to Figure 6, showing the exemplary refractive index profile of optics twin-core fiber 50.Core 51 and 53, which is respectively provided with, compares ring Around the refractive index n of material 54 and 5554And n55Higher refractive index n51And n53.In this manner it is achieved that compared with Fig. 4, in each core Each in optical power and intensity decaying and annular intensity profile in minimum may degenerate by laser beam guide to Workpiece.
It can be by adjusting the refractive index of the vitreous silica using impurity doped fused silica.It is led with Ge-doped vitreous silica The increase of induced refractive index, and lead to the reduction of refractive index with Fluorin doped vitreous silica.Thus, for example, core 51 and 53 can be mixed by germanium Miscellaneous or undoped vitreous silica is made, and their main covering 54 and 55 is made of the vitreous silica of Fluorin doped.
The critical optical components 70 of fiber combiner 11 are shown in FIG. 7.It is with the main part including the following terms The porous capillary divided: fused silica glass pipe 77 feeds fiber 71 by the light from least two laser equipments for receiving The input terminal 76 of fiber 8 and the laser beam (not shown) 9) carried with 72(for example from equipment 6 and 7.It, which also has, is used for Delivering includes the opposite output end of the compound output laser beam of at least two laser beams aligned with each other in the same direction 74。
The light feeding fiber 71,72 entered at input terminal 76 extends through the arrival of the main part in capilar bore The output end 74, and it is melted using glass tube 77 to be formed including light guiding core 71a, 72a and around glass The component of glass material.The core has refractive index more higher than the refractive index around glass material around core to provide in core The propagation that optical power passes through whole part by means of total internal reflection.
In order to show the principle of fiber combiner, the size of core and the size of component 70 are not drawn to scale, and And for the sake of clarity, the coupling of each core is shown merely with dotted line.
Optical component 70 can be manufactured for example, by drawing.In this example, it is understood that there may be at about 300 μm of central diameter Symmetrical for the large hole 72 of fiber and about centre bore 72 and four for fiber placing on 72 periphery of centre bore compared with Aperture 71.For example, the smaller hole can have about 150 μm of diameter.The outside diameter of capillary can be 1mm.For example, the pipe Material can be vitreous silica.The fibre that the extramural cladding of its both bulk glasses (not shown) has preferably at least partly been etched Dimension is inserted into interstitial hole and is pushed through the waist 73 of capillary centrum.When fiber is placed on appropriate location, in waist Heating capillary 70 is at portion's section 73 to pipe and to form the first center light guiding core 72a and the second smooth guiding core for fibers melt 71a, they both extend through optical component 70.
Alternately fiber 71,72 can have the inner core of pure fused silica material and the extramural cladding of Fluorin doped quartz. In this way, the fused silica glass pipe 77 of optical component 70 can be manufactured by pure vitreous silica, because the light of fiber guides Core inherently there is the material compared with low-refraction to surround.This means that light is still in core 71a, 72a, even if the refraction of capillary Rate is identical as the refractive index in fibre core.In this case, the outer fiber covering of both bulk glasses can be etched away only remaining Fluorin doped covering, as long as even further some Fluorin doped coverings still around pure or Ge-doped internal fiber core.
Then molten core 71a, 72a(benefit is shown in broken lines) and pipe 70 cut away or cut open to generate end surface 74.Class Then capillary can be soldered at end 74 by being similar to the twin-core fiber 12 of that shown in Fig. 3, to generate weld seam 75.
In a preferred embodiment, the center of the first light feeding fiber 72 is aligned with the center of component 70, and such as four The center of second light feeding fiber 71 is positioned at output end 74 at away from the first center light guiding core 72a preset distance R Output beam is provided.It would be recognized that the number of the second feeding fiber is not so limited, but with such as 8,16 or 32 come generation For 4.Second smooth guiding core 71a is preferably arranged symmetrically at about central core 72a, in order to provide having each other The output beam of 90 ° of angular distance.
Above-described embodiment after tested for welding overlapping elements by cyclic annular and central laser light beam has well Result.Such as, it has been shown that do not have between each element by using the annular beam of 4kAW and the central light beam of 1kW to provide There is gap and there is no that speed is even more than the welding that 5 meters of coating per minute splashes.The width of element is changeable simultaneously And correspondingly adaptation parameter.For example, can coating by presently disclosed method and apparatus come weld width from 0.1mm to 10mm Steel plate, however, this depends on laser type and its property.The other materials packet that can be handled and weld by this solution Include aluminium, copper.And the different materials of overlapping can be welded together.For example, the welding of tested steel and copper has good knot Fruit.As another example, the only one in each element can be coated and another is not coated.Filling wire can be with ring-type Light beam melts together.
Presently disclosed method for laser welding and device can be applied in various applications.Exist wherein in group The different welding (such as welding of different materials) of different characteristics are needed to be implemented during dress process, can wherein be applied now by changing The parameter added realizes specific advantages to be executed in the application welded by single welder.As an example, in automatic chemical industry In industry, identical welder can be used to weld aluminium and stainless steel frame by single welder (and line).
It is appreciated that the embodiment of present invention disclosed is not limited to specific structure, processing step or material disclosed herein, But it is extended to those of ordinary skill in the related art such as and will be realized that its equivalent.It should also be understood that being adopted herein Term be used to only for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and be not intended to be limited.
The reference of " one embodiment " or " embodiment " is meant throughout this specification to combine the specific of embodiment description Feature, structure or characteristic are included at least one embodiment of the invention.Therefore, in each place for spreading this specification The phrase " in one embodiment " of middle appearance is " in embodiment " not necessarily all referring to identical embodiment.
It can be herein with reference to various embodiments of the present invention and example together with the alternative of its various parts.It is appreciated that such Embodiment, example and alternatively mutual actual equivalent it is not interpreted, but to be interpreted is of the invention individual With autonomous expression.
In addition, the feature, structure or characteristic can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the description, various details (such as example of length, width, shape etc.) are provided to provide to implementation of the invention The thorough understanding of example.However, those skilled in the relevant art will recognize that, can at one in no each detail or The present invention is practiced in the case where multiple or using other methods, component, material etc..In other instances, without detailed Well known structure, material or operation are shown or described to avoid keeping each aspect of the present invention fuzzy.
Although aforementioned exemplary is explanation of the principle of the present invention in one or more specific applications, general to this field Logical technical staff is evident that, can be in the case where not using creative ability and without departing from of the invention Many modifications are made in the case where principle and concept in the form of embodiment, use and details.Therefore, it is not intended that this hair It is bright by addition to such as by claims set forth below other than limited.

Claims (15)

1. a kind of laser machining device, comprising:
At least one first laser equipment (6), each providing, there is at least one first light of first laser light beam to feed Fiber (8)；
At least one second laser equipment (7), each providing, there is at least one second light of second laser light beam to feed Fiber (9)；
It is connected to the light beam combination unit (11) of the first and second feeding fibers and multi-core optical fiber (12,50), which attaches together Set the first core being adapted to by making at least one described first light feed fiber (72,56) and the multi-core optical fiber (50) (51) be aligned and make at least one second light feeding fiber (71,57) and the multi-core optical fiber (50) at least one the Two cores (53) are aligned to form composite laser beam (16), wherein first core (51) of the multi-core optical fiber has round cross Section, and second core (53) has the annular shape concentric with first core (51)；And
First and second core is adapted at laser treatment head (13), to include the first and second output laser lights The composite laser beam (16,40) of beam (41,42) is directed to the workpiece with the overlapping elements to be soldered (3a, 3b), Wherein at least one of described overlapping elements (3a, 3b) are coated, which is suitable for causing for releasing The opening of pressure caused by being coated by evaporation is put, and the second output laser beam is suitable for causing the welding of each plate.
2. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the overlapping elements are coated steel sheet (3a, 3b).
3. device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein being adapted to the first light feeding fiber of guidance first laser light beam The center of (72,56) is aligned with the center of first core (51) of the multi-core optical fiber (50), and is adapted to guidance Second core of the center of at least one second light feeding fiber (71,57) of dual-laser light beam in the multi-core optical fiber (50) (53) it is aligned between interior diameter and overall diameter.
4. device according to claim 3, wherein second light feeding fiber (71,57) is four, eight or 16, And it is symmetrically engaged with the cross section of second core (53) of the multi-core optical fiber.
5. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one described first laser equipment (6) is fibre laser.
6. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the device includes functionally being connected to described first and/or second laser The control unit (10) of equipment (6,7), so that the power being individually controlled in the described first and/or second output laser beam is close Degree.
7. device according to claim 6, wherein be arranged to will be described for the control unit in the case where continuous welding The power density setting of first output beam is to zero or low-level.
8. a kind of method for handling workpiece using laser beam comprising:
From at least one first light for being connected at least one first laser equipment (6) feed fiber (8) provide at least one the One laser beam；
From at least one second light for being connected at least one second laser equipment (7) feed fiber (9) provide at least one the Dual-laser light beam；
It is aligned and makes with the first core (51) of multi-core optical fiber (12,50) by making at least one described first light feed fiber At least one second light feeding fiber is aligned with the second core (53) of the multi-core optical fiber to swash described first and second Light light beam combines in the multi-core optical fiber；Wherein first core (51) of the multi-core optical fiber has circular cross section, and And second core (53) has the annular shape concentric with first core, and
It will include that the composite laser beam of the first and second output beams from the multi-core optical fiber (12,50) is directed to tool There is the workpiece of the overlapping elements to be soldered (3a, 3b), wherein at least one of described overlapping elements (3a, 3b) are applied Cover, which is suitable for causing for discharge by the opening of the caused pressure of evaporation coating, and this second Output laser beam is suitable for causing the welding of each plate.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, wherein by means of being functionally connected to described first and/or second laser equipment The control unit (10) of (6,7) is come the power density that is individually controlled in first and second output beam.
10. thus moving the recombination laser according to the method described in claim 9, wherein the method have been applied to continuous welding Light beam is for continuously welding and the power density of first output beam is set to zero or low-level.
11. method according to claim 8 or claim 9, wherein the workpiece includes the first plate (3a) and the second plate (3b), this is compound Laser beam is directed to the first plate, and thus the first output laser beam from first core (51) causes through the first plate It reaches the opening of the second plate and the second output laser beam from second core (53) causes the welding of each plate.
12. according to the method for claim 11, wherein the plate (3a, 3b) is coated steel sheet.
13. according to the method described in claim 8, including:
Make center and the institute of the cross-section center in the multi-core optical fiber (12,50) of the first light feeding fiber (72,56) State the center alignment of the first core (51)；
Make the center of the second light feeding fiber (71,57) in second core (53) concentric with first core (51) Inside diameter and outer dia between be aligned.
14. according to the method described in claim 8, wherein at least one described first laser equipment (6) is fibre laser.
15. device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used for answering for the laser welding of overlapping elements (3a, 3b) With wherein at least one of described overlapping elements (3a, 3b) are coated.
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