CN107830998A - Heavy type numerical control metal-planing machine mobile work platform reliability test - Google Patents
Heavy type numerical control metal-planing machine mobile work platform reliability test Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台可靠性试验装置，属于重型机械加工装备可靠性试验技术领域；克服了目前只能对重型数控龙门刨床进行空运转试验或现场可靠性试验的难题。该试验台包括配重块惯性加载部分、加载辅助部分、X方向加载部分、Y方向加载部分、Z方向加载部分以及自动控制部分；本发明利用压电陶瓷促动器实现对工作台X向、Y向、Z向的高频切削力加载，利用磁粉制动器实现对工作台X向的静态、低频切削力的加载，利用液压伺服油缸实现对工作台Y向和Z向的静态、低频切削力的加载。
The invention relates to a reliability test device for a mobile workbench of a heavy-duty numerical control gantry planer, which belongs to the technical field of reliability testing of heavy-duty machining equipment; The test bench includes a counterweight inertia loading part, a loading auxiliary part, an X-direction loading part, a Y-direction loading part, a Z-direction loading part and an automatic control part; Y-direction and Z-direction high-frequency cutting force loading, use magnetic powder brakes to realize static and low-frequency cutting force loading on the X-direction of the table, and use hydraulic servo cylinders to realize static and low-frequency cutting force loading on the table Y-direction and Z-direction load.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于重型切削加工设备可靠性试验技术领域，尤其涉及一种能够模拟惯性力、动态切削力、静态切削力的重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台可靠性试验装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of reliability testing of heavy-duty cutting processing equipment, and in particular relates to a reliability testing device for a mobile workbench of a heavy-duty numerical control gantry planer capable of simulating inertial force, dynamic cutting force and static cutting force.
背景技术Background technique
重型数控龙门刨床广泛应用于发电站、汽车、船舶等各类机械加工部门，特别适用于特大、特重、特长零部件的加工。重型数控龙门刨床具有自重较大、载荷变化大、惯量巨大、行程长等特点，使得其故障频繁，可靠性水平低于其它普通机械加工装备。其可靠性问题严重，已经成为机床生产企业与用户关注的焦点和重型数控机床发展的瓶颈。由于重型机床尺度巨型、工件外形大等因素，进行整机可靠性试验相对比较困难。因此研究开发重型数控龙门刨床关键功能部件的可靠性试验系统，通过可靠性试验暴漏、找出影响重型数控龙门刨床可靠性的因素及其可靠性试验数据，进而为可靠性改进设计提供基础数据具有重要的实际应用价值。Heavy-duty CNC gantry planers are widely used in various mechanical processing departments such as power stations, automobiles, and ships, and are especially suitable for processing extra-large, extra-heavy, and extra-long parts. The heavy-duty CNC planer has the characteristics of large self-weight, large load change, huge inertia, long stroke, etc., which makes it have frequent failures and lower reliability than other ordinary machining equipment. Its reliability problem is serious, and it has become the focus of attention of machine tool manufacturers and users and the bottleneck of the development of heavy CNC machine tools. Due to factors such as the huge size of heavy-duty machine tools and the large shape of the workpiece, it is relatively difficult to conduct reliability tests on the whole machine. Therefore, research and develop the reliability test system of the key functional components of the heavy-duty CNC planer, find out the factors affecting the reliability of the heavy-duty CNC planer and their reliability test data through reliability test exposure, and then provide basic data for reliability improvement design It has important practical application value.
我国数控机床研发工作较国外发展较晚，可靠性水平与国外同类机床相比有一定差距，特别是国内重型数控龙门刨床的研究工作更是起步较晚，因此目前国内还没有对重型数控龙门刨床的关键功能部件进行可靠性试验研究，目前仅有的试验台也只是通过空运转或进行用户现场可靠性试验进行，专门针对重型数控龙门刨床关键功能部件的可靠性试验装置国内几乎空白。本发明根据工作台移动式重型数控龙门刨床工作台进给系统的实际使用工况，提出了一种具有模拟实际切削负载和惯性载荷的重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台可靠性试验装置。The research and development of CNC machine tools in my country is relatively late compared with foreign countries, and there is a certain gap in reliability compared with similar foreign machine tools. In particular, the research work on heavy-duty CNC planers in China started relatively late. Reliability test research is carried out on the key functional components of the heavy-duty CNC gantry planer. The only test bench at present is only carried out by idling or on-site reliability test by the user. There is almost no reliability test device for the key functional components of the heavy-duty CNC planer in China. According to the actual working conditions of the workbench feed system of the mobile heavy-duty CNC planer, the present invention proposes a reliability test device for the mobile workbench of the heavy-duty CNC planer with the ability to simulate actual cutting load and inertial load.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服了目前可靠性试验装置无法对重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台进行模拟实际工况加载的可靠性试验问题,提供了一种采用压电陶瓷促动器来模拟高频(大于50Hz)动态刨削力的加载、采用液压伺服油缸来模拟静态力以及低频(小于50Hz)动态刨削力的加载和采用配重块来模拟惯性力加载的重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台可靠性试验装置。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the reliability test problem that the current reliability test device cannot simulate the actual working condition loading on the mobile workbench of the heavy-duty CNC planer, and provides a piezoelectric ceramic actuator to simulate high High-frequency (greater than 50Hz) dynamic planing force loading, hydraulic servo cylinders are used to simulate static force and low-frequency (less than 50Hz) dynamic planing force loading, and heavy-duty CNC gantry planer mobile workbench using counterweights to simulate inertial force loading Reliability test device.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案来实现，结合附图说明如下：In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to realize, which are described as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
所述的重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台可靠性试验装置包括配重块惯性加载部分、加载辅助部分、X方向加载部分、Y方向加载部分、Z方向加载部分以及自动控制部分；The heavy-duty CNC planer mobile workbench reliability test device includes a counterweight inertial loading part, a loading auxiliary part, an X-direction loading part, a Y-direction loading part, a Z-direction loading part and an automatic control part;
所述X方向加载部分包括支架2、磁粉制动器3、齿条4、齿轮齿条一体化模块5、X向激光位移传感器托板25、X向激光位移传感器26、X向压电陶瓷促动器6、法兰套筒31、X向拉压力传感器32、X向压力推杆33、X向加载杆34、X向挡光板35、联轴器19和调整板17；The X-direction loading part includes bracket 2, magnetic powder brake 3, rack 4, rack-and-pinion integrated module 5, X-direction laser displacement sensor support plate 25, X-direction laser displacement sensor 26, and X-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 6. Flange sleeve 31, X-direction tension pressure sensor 32, X-direction pressure push rod 33, X-direction loading rod 34, X-direction light barrier 35, coupling 19 and adjustment plate 17;
所述X向加载杆34、X向压力推杆33、X向拉压力传感器32、X向压电陶瓷促动器6、法兰套筒31、齿条4依次通过螺纹固定连接；The X-direction loading rod 34, the X-direction pressure push rod 33, the X-direction tension pressure sensor 32, the X-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 6, the flange sleeve 31, and the rack 4 are fixedly connected by threads in sequence;
所述齿条4为齿轮齿条一体化模块5中的组成部件；所述齿轮齿条一体化模块5通过螺栓固定在支架2的上表面定位槽中；所述支架2通过螺栓固定在地平铁1上，调整板17位于支架2和地平铁1之间；所述X向激光位移传感器托板25通过螺栓固定在齿轮齿条一体化模块5的上表面；所述X向激光位移传感器26通过螺栓固定安装在X向激光位移传感器托板25的顶板上表面；所述X向激光位移传感器26的轴心线与齿条4的轴心线平行；The rack 4 is a component in the rack-and-pinion integrated module 5; the rack-and-pinion integrated module 5 is fixed in the positioning groove on the upper surface of the bracket 2 by bolts; the bracket 2 is fixed on the horizontal iron by bolts 1, the adjustment plate 17 is located between the bracket 2 and the horizontal iron 1; the X-direction laser displacement sensor support plate 25 is fixed on the upper surface of the rack-and-pinion integrated module 5 by bolts; the X-direction laser displacement sensor 26 passes through Bolts are fixedly installed on the upper surface of the top plate of the X-direction laser displacement sensor supporting plate 25; the axis line of the X-direction laser displacement sensor 26 is parallel to the axis line of the rack 4;
所述Y方向加载部分包括两个结构完全相同的Y向加载单元，两个结构完全相同的Y向加载单元安装在待试工作台15的同一侧，其中一个Y向加载单元安装在待试工作台15的左下角位置，另一个Y向加载单元安装在待试工作台15的右上角位置；The Y-direction loading part includes two Y-direction loading units with the same structure, and the two Y-direction loading units with the same structure are installed on the same side of the workbench 15 to be tested, and one of the Y-direction loading units is installed on the workbench to be tested. At the lower left corner of the table 15, another Y-direction loading unit is installed at the upper right corner of the workbench 15 to be tested;
所述Y向加载单元包括伸缩架22、Y向激光位移传感器托板27、Y向激光位移传感器28、Y向液压伺服油缸18、Y向压电陶瓷促动器16、 Y向拉压力传感器36、Y向压力推杆37、Y向加载杆38、Y向挡光板39；The Y-direction loading unit includes a telescopic frame 22, a Y-direction laser displacement sensor pallet 27, a Y-direction laser displacement sensor 28, a Y-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 18, a Y-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 16, and a Y-direction tension pressure sensor 36. , Y direction pressure push rod 37, Y direction loading rod 38, Y direction light barrier 39;
所述Y向加载杆38、Y向挡光板39、Y向压力推杆37、Y向拉压力传感器36、Y向压电陶瓷促动器16、Y向液压伺服油缸18依次螺纹固定连接；所述Y向液压伺服油缸18通过螺栓固定在伸缩架22上；所述Y向激光位移传感器托板27通过螺栓固定在伸缩架22的顶板右端；所述Y向激光位移传感器28通过螺栓固定在Y向激光位移传感器托板27上；The Y-direction loading rod 38, the Y-direction light baffle plate 39, the Y-direction pressure push rod 37, the Y-direction pull pressure sensor 36, the Y-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 16, and the Y-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 18 are sequentially threaded and fixedly connected; The Y-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 18 is fixed on the telescopic frame 22 by bolts; the Y-direction laser displacement sensor supporting plate 27 is fixed on the right end of the top plate of the telescopic frame 22 by bolts; the Y-direction laser displacement sensor 28 is fixed on the Y To the laser displacement sensor pallet 27;
所述Z方向加载部分包括Z向液压伺服油缸9、液压伺服油缸托板10、Z向激光位移传感器托板29、Z向激光位移传感器30、Z向挡光板40、Z向压电陶瓷促动器11、Z向拉压力传感器41、Z向压力推杆42、Z向加载杆43；The Z-direction loading part includes a Z-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 9, a hydraulic servo cylinder support plate 10, a Z-direction laser displacement sensor support plate 29, a Z-direction laser displacement sensor 30, a Z-direction light baffle plate 40, and a Z-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator. Device 11, Z-direction pull pressure sensor 41, Z-direction pressure push rod 42, Z-direction loading rod 43;
所述的Z向加载杆43、Z向挡光板40、Z向压力推杆42、Z向拉压力传感器41、Z向压电陶瓷促动器11、Z向液压伺服油缸9依次螺纹固定连接；The Z-direction loading rod 43, the Z-direction light barrier 40, the Z-direction pressure push rod 42, the Z-direction pull pressure sensor 41, the Z-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 11, and the Z-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 9 are screwed and fixedly connected in sequence;
所述的Z向液压伺服油缸9通过螺栓固定在液压伺服油缸托板10上；所述Z向激光位移传感器托板29通过螺栓固定在液压伺服油缸托板10上，所述激光位移传感器托板29位于Z向液压伺服油缸9的上侧；The Z-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 9 is fixed on the hydraulic servo cylinder support plate 10 by bolts; the Z-direction laser displacement sensor support plate 29 is fixed on the hydraulic servo cylinder support plate 10 by bolts, and the laser displacement sensor support plate 29 is located on the upper side of the Z-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 9;
所述配重块惯性加载部分包括配重块14；所述配重块14通过螺栓固定在待试工作台15上；The counterweight inertia loading part includes a counterweight 14; the counterweight 14 is fixed on the test bench 15 by bolts;
所述加载辅助部分包括加载盖12、牵引连接架24和加载箱13；所述加载盖12通过螺栓固定在加载箱13上；所述加载箱13通过螺栓固定在待试工作台15上；所述牵引连接架24通过螺栓固定在加载箱13的右壁板上；The loading auxiliary part includes a loading cover 12, a traction connecting frame 24 and a loading box 13; the loading cover 12 is fixed on the loading box 13 by bolts; the loading box 13 is fixed on the test bench 15 by bolts; The traction connecting frame 24 is fixed on the right wall plate of the loading box 13 by bolts;
所述Y向加载单元还包括伸缩底座21和定位螺栓20；所述伸缩底座21由底板和垂直轴焊接而成，垂直轴下端四周焊接有四个结构完全相同的加强筋，所述伸缩底座21的底板上开设有四个通孔，用于穿过螺栓与地平铁1固定连接，所述伸缩底座21的垂直轴上端部开设有一个与垂直轴轴线水平的通孔；The Y-direction loading unit also includes a telescopic base 21 and a positioning bolt 20; the telescopic base 21 is welded by a bottom plate and a vertical shaft, and four ribs with identical structures are welded around the lower end of the vertical shaft. The telescopic base 21 There are four through holes on the base plate, which are used to pass through the bolts to be fixedly connected with the horizontal iron 1, and the upper end of the vertical shaft of the telescopic base 21 is provided with a through hole horizontal to the axis of the vertical shaft;
所述伸缩架22由顶板、垂直套筒及两个结构完全相同的加强筋焊接而成，伸缩架22 的顶板上开有四个螺纹孔，用于旋入螺栓固定Y向液压伺服油缸18；伸缩架22的垂直套筒沿轴向均匀开设有通孔；The telescopic frame 22 is welded by a top plate, a vertical sleeve and two reinforcing ribs with identical structures. There are four threaded holes on the top plate of the telescopic frame 22 for screwing in bolts to fix the Y-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 18; The vertical sleeve of the telescopic frame 22 is evenly provided with through holes along the axial direction;
所述Y向激光位移传感器托板27为由底板、右侧板、顶板及顶板与右侧板连接处的加强筋焊接而成的U形结构件，所述Y向激光位移传感器托板27的底板上设有通孔；The Y-direction laser displacement sensor supporting plate 27 is a U-shaped structural member welded by the reinforcement ribs at the junction of the bottom plate, the right side plate, the top plate and the top plate and the right side plate, and the Y-direction laser displacement sensor supporting plate 27 The bottom plate is provided with through holes;
所述Y向挡光板39为长方形板类零件，下端开有通孔，用于穿过Y向加载杆38右端的外伸螺柱。The Y-direction light blocking plate 39 is a rectangular plate-like part with a through hole at the lower end for passing through the protruding stud at the right end of the Y-direction loading rod 38 .
所述Z方向加载部分还包括龙门架7、龙门滑板8、横向拖架23；所述龙门架7通过螺栓与地平铁1固定连接；所述龙门滑板8与安装在龙门架7两侧的导轨滑块上的滑块固联；The Z-direction loading part also includes a gantry 7, a gantry slide 8, and a transverse drag frame 23; the gantry 7 is fixedly connected with the horizontal iron 1 by bolts; The slider on the slider is fixed;
所述Z向激光位移传感器托板29为由右侧板、顶板、左侧板及左侧板和顶板连接处的加强筋焊接而成的U形结构件，所述Z向激光位移传感器托板29的右侧板上设有通孔；所述Z向挡光板40为长方形板类零件，右端开有用于穿过Z向加载杆43上端的外伸螺柱的通孔。The Z-direction laser displacement sensor supporting plate 29 is a U-shaped structural member welded by the right side plate, the top plate, the left side plate, and the ribs at the junction of the left side plate and the top plate, and the Z-direction laser displacement sensor supporting plate The right side plate of 29 is provided with a through hole; the Z direction light blocking plate 40 is a rectangular plate part, and the right end is provided with a through hole for passing the outwardly extending stud on the upper end of the Z direction loading rod 43 .
所述配重块14为长方体，两端分别开设有U型槽；The counterweight 14 is a cuboid, and U-shaped grooves are respectively opened at both ends;
所述牵引连接架24由左竖板和右立板焊接而成，左竖板开有四个通孔，用于穿过螺栓把牵引连接架24固定在加载箱13上，所述牵引连接架24的右立板的右上角处设有一凸台，安装时，该凸台的A面44与法兰套筒31的下端台阶的B面45接触。The traction connecting frame 24 is welded by the left vertical plate and the right vertical plate, and the left vertical plate has four through holes, which are used to fix the traction connecting frame 24 on the loading box 13 through bolts. The upper right corner of the right vertical plate of 24 is provided with a boss, during installation, the A face 44 of this boss contacts with the B face 45 of the lower end step of the flange sleeve 31.
所述控制部分包括X向控制器、Y向控制器、Z向控制器和工作台运动控制仪; 所述Y向控制器通过RS232C端口与工控机连接；所述Z向控制器通过RS232C端口与工控机电线连接；所述X向控制器通过RS232C端口与工控机电线连接；所述工作台运动控制仪通过RS232C端口与工控机电线连接。The control part includes an X-direction controller, a Y-direction controller, a Z-direction controller and a workbench motion controller; the Y-direction controller is connected to the industrial computer through the RS232C port; the Z-direction controller is connected to the industrial computer through the RS232C port The wires of the industrial computer are connected; the X-direction controller is connected with the wires of the industrial computer through the RS232C port; the motion controller of the workbench is connected with the wires of the industrial computer through the RS232C port.
与现有技术相比本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1.本发明所述的重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台可靠性试验装置采用磁粉制动器加载装置、液压伺服加载装置、压电陶瓷促动器和配重块加载装置对重型数控龙门刨床进行模拟动、静态刨削力加载，对被测的重型数控龙门刨床工作台移动工作台进行模拟实际工况的可靠性试验，并进行实时的故障数据采集，为后期的可靠性建模、可靠性增长、可靠性改进设计和可靠性预测提供实用的真实的基础故障数据，大大缩短了数据采集时间。1. The heavy-duty CNC gantry planer mobile workbench reliability test device of the present invention adopts a magnetic powder brake loading device, a hydraulic servo loading device, a piezoelectric ceramic actuator and a counterweight loading device to simulate the movement and movement of a heavy-duty CNC gantry planer. Static planing force loading, the reliability test of the tested heavy-duty CNC gantry planer workbench and mobile workbench simulating the actual working conditions, and real-time fault data collection, for later reliability modeling, reliability growth, reliability Provide practical and real basic fault data for permanent improvement design and reliability prediction, greatly shortening the data collection time.
2.本发明所述的X方向模拟刨削力加载是通过采用齿轮齿条一体化模块、磁粉制动器和压电陶瓷促动器来实现动、静态刨削力的模拟加载。通过齿轮齿条一体化模块把待试工作台的直线运动转换成旋转运动并驱动磁粉制动器。通过控制磁粉制动器的参数可实现静态力以及低频(小于50Hz)动态刨削力的模拟加载；通过控制压电陶瓷促动器参数可实现高频(大于50Hz)动态刨削力的模拟加载。实验时，能够根据实际工况来调节加载动态刨削力的大小、频率以及试验时间，同时可以将试验参数储存，以便后续的查询和分析。2. The simulated planing force loading in the X direction of the present invention is achieved by using a rack and pinion integrated module, a magnetic powder brake and a piezoelectric ceramic actuator to realize dynamic and static planing force simulation loading. The linear motion of the table to be tested is converted into rotary motion through the rack and pinion integrated module and drives the magnetic powder brake. The simulation loading of static force and low frequency (less than 50Hz) dynamic planing force can be realized by controlling the parameters of the magnetic powder brake; the simulated loading of high frequency (greater than 50Hz) dynamic planing force can be realized by controlling the parameters of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator. During the experiment, the size, frequency and test time of the loaded dynamic planing force can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions, and the test parameters can be stored for subsequent query and analysis.
3.本发明所述的Y方向压电陶瓷促动器、Y方向电液伺服加载装置、Z方向压电陶瓷促动器和Z方向电液伺服加载装置可实现动、静态刨削力的模拟加载，并能够根据实际工况来调节加载动态刨削力的大小、频率以及试验时间，同时可以将试验参数储存，以便后续的查询和分析。电液伺服加载装置可实现静态切削力以及低频(小于50Hz)动态切削力的加载；压电陶瓷促动器可实现高频动态切削力的模拟加载，解决了电液伺服加载装置无法对工作台施加高频（大于50Hz）动态切削力。3. The piezoelectric ceramic actuator in the Y direction, the electro-hydraulic servo loading device in the Y direction, the piezoelectric ceramic actuator in the Z direction and the electro-hydraulic servo loading device in the Z direction according to the present invention can realize the simulation of dynamic and static planing forces Loading, and can adjust the size, frequency and test time of loading dynamic planing force according to actual working conditions, and can store test parameters for subsequent query and analysis. The electro-hydraulic servo loading device can realize the loading of static cutting force and low-frequency (less than 50Hz) dynamic cutting force; the piezoelectric ceramic actuator can realize the simulated loading of high-frequency dynamic cutting force, which solves the problem that the electro-hydraulic servo loading device cannot Apply high frequency (greater than 50Hz) dynamic cutting force.
4.本发明所述的重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台的可靠性试验装置适应范围比较广，对于不同型号的重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台，只需通过调节各方向加载装置的高度调节装置以及配重块的数量即可对其进行可靠性加载试验与性能参数的检测与监测，体现了本试验系统的灵活性和通用性。4. The reliability test device of the heavy-duty CNC planer mobile workbench of the present invention has a relatively wide range of adaptation. For different types of heavy-duty numerical control planer mobile workbenches, only the height adjustment device and the matching of the loading device in each direction can be adjusted. The number of heavy blocks can be used for reliability loading test and detection and monitoring of performance parameters, which reflects the flexibility and versatility of this test system.
5．本发明所述的重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台可靠性试验装置中的自动控制部分主要通过拉压力传感器、位移传感器对模拟的刨削力实时监测，实现实时监控和闭环控制及反馈。同时将加载的动态刨削力参数显示在上位工控机的人机操作界面上。5. The automatic control part in the reliability test device of the mobile workbench of the heavy-duty numerical control gantry planer according to the present invention mainly monitors the simulated planing force in real time through the tension pressure sensor and the displacement sensor, so as to realize real-time monitoring, closed-loop control and feedback. At the same time, the loaded dynamic planing force parameters are displayed on the man-machine operation interface of the upper industrial computer.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:
图1为本发明所述的重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台可靠性试验装置结构组成的轴测投影图；Fig. 1 is the axonometric projection diagram that heavy-duty numerical control gantry planer mobile workbench reliability test device structure of the present invention is formed;
图2为本发明所述的重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台可靠性试验装置中X方向加载部分的轴测投影图；Fig. 2 is the axonometric projection view of the loading part in the X direction in the reliability test device of the mobile workbench of the heavy-duty numerical control gantry planer according to the present invention;
图3为本发明所述的重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台可靠性试验装置中Y方向加载装置简图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the loading device in the Y direction in the reliability test device for the mobile workbench of the heavy-duty numerical control gantry planer according to the present invention;
图4为本发明所述的重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台可靠性试验装置中Z方向加载装置的轴测投影图；Fig. 4 is the axonometric projection diagram of the Z-direction loading device in the reliability test device of the mobile workbench of the heavy-duty numerical control planer according to the present invention;
图5为本发明所述的重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台可靠性试验装置中的加载箱的轴测投影图；Fig. 5 is the axonometric projection drawing of the loading box in the mobile workbench reliability test device of the heavy-duty numerical control gantry planer according to the present invention;
图6为本发明所述的重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台可靠性试验装置中的牵引连接架的轴测投影图；Fig. 6 is the axonometric projection drawing of the traction connecting frame in the reliability test device of the mobile workbench of the heavy-duty numerical control planer according to the present invention;
图7为本发明所述的重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台可靠性试验装置中的配重块的轴测投影图；Fig. 7 is the axonometric projection diagram of the counterweight in the mobile workbench reliability test device of the heavy-duty numerical control gantry planer according to the present invention;
图8为本发明所述的重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台可靠性试验装置中的法兰套筒的轴测投影图；Fig. 8 is the axonometric projection drawing of the flange sleeve in the reliability test device of the mobile workbench of the heavy-duty numerical control gantry planer according to the present invention;
图9为本发明所述的重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台可靠性试验装置中的控制原理框图Fig. 9 is the block diagram of the control principle in the mobile workbench reliability test device of the heavy-duty numerical control gantry planer according to the present invention
图中：1.地平铁，2.支架，3.磁粉制动器，4.齿条，5.齿轮齿条一体化模块，6. X向压电陶瓷促动器，7.龙门架，8.龙门滑板，9. Z向液压伺服油缸，10. 液压伺服油缸托板，11. Z向压电陶瓷促动器，12.加载盖，13.加载箱，14.配重块，15.待试工作台，16. Y向压电陶瓷促动器，17.调整板，18.Y向液压伺服油缸，19.联轴器，20.定位螺栓，21.伸缩底座，22.伸缩架，23.横向拖架，24.牵引连接架，25.X向激光位移传感器托板，26.X向激光位移传感器，27.Y向激光位移传感器托板，28.Y向激光位移传感器，29.Z向激光位移传感器托板，30.Z向激光位移传感器，31.法兰套筒，32.X向拉压力传感器，33.X向压力推杆，34. X向加载杆，35.X向挡光板，36.Y向拉压力传感器，37. Y向压力推杆,38. Y向加载杆，39.Y向挡光板，40.Z向挡光板,41. Z向拉压力传感器，42. Z向压力推杆，43. Z向加载杆，44.A面，45，B面。In the figure: 1. Horizontal iron, 2. Bracket, 3. Magnetic powder brake, 4. Rack, 5. Integrated module of rack and pinion, 6. X-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator, 7. Gantry frame, 8. Gantry Skateboard, 9. Z-direction hydraulic servo cylinder, 10. Hydraulic servo cylinder support plate, 11. Z-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator, 12. Loading cover, 13. Loading box, 14. Counterweight, 15. Work to be tested Platform, 16. Y-direction piezoelectric actuator, 17. Adjusting plate, 18. Y-direction hydraulic servo cylinder, 19. Coupling, 20. Positioning bolt, 21. Telescopic base, 22. Telescopic frame, 23. Horizontal Trailer, 24. Traction connecting frame, 25. X-direction laser displacement sensor pallet, 26. X-direction laser displacement sensor, 27. Y-direction laser displacement sensor pallet, 28. Y-direction laser displacement sensor, 29. Z-direction laser Displacement sensor support plate, 30. Z direction laser displacement sensor, 31. Flange sleeve, 32. X direction tension pressure sensor, 33. X direction pressure push rod, 34. X direction loading rod, 35. X direction light baffle plate, 36. Y-direction pull pressure sensor, 37. Y-direction pressure push rod, 38. Y-direction loading rod, 39. Y-direction light baffle, 40. Z-direction light baffle, 41. Z-direction pull pressure sensor, 42. Z-direction pressure Push rod, 43. Z direction loading rod, 44.A face, 45, B face.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作详细的描述：The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
应当明确，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围：It should be clear that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention:
参阅图1，本发明所述的重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台可靠性试验装置包括配重块惯性加载部分、加载辅助部分、X方向加载部分、Y方向加载部分、Z方向加载部分以及自动控制部分。Referring to Fig. 1, the heavy-duty CNC gantry planer mobile workbench reliability test device according to the present invention includes a counterweight inertial loading part, a loading auxiliary part, an X-direction loading part, a Y-direction loading part, a Z-direction loading part and an automatic control part .
本发明根据重型数控龙门刨床的实际使用工况，提出了一种采用磁粉制动器、液压伺服加载装置模拟静态刨削力及低频动态刨削力,采用压电陶瓷促动器模拟高频动态刨削力和采用配重块模拟惯性载荷，对重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台进行可靠性试验的试验装置。According to the actual working conditions of the heavy-duty CNC gantry planer, the present invention proposes a method that uses a magnetic powder brake and a hydraulic servo loading device to simulate static planing force and low-frequency dynamic planing force, and uses a piezoelectric ceramic actuator to simulate high-frequency dynamic planing. Lihe uses counterweights to simulate inertial loads, and is a test device for reliability tests on mobile workbenches of heavy-duty CNC planers.
参阅图1，所述地平铁1为长方形板类结构件，上表面两侧分别设置有两个T型槽，待试工作台15通过螺栓固定在地平铁1上。Referring to FIG. 1 , the horizontal iron 1 is a rectangular plate structure, two T-shaped slots are respectively arranged on both sides of the upper surface, and the workbench 15 to be tested is fixed on the horizontal iron 1 by bolts.
一、X方向加载部分1. X direction loading part
参阅图1、图2，所述X方向加载部分包括支架2、磁粉制动器3、齿条4、齿轮齿条一体化模块5、X向激光位移传感器托板25、X向激光位移传感器26、X向压电陶瓷促动器6、法兰套筒31、X向拉压力传感器32、X向压力推杆33、X向加载杆34、X向挡光板35、联轴器19和调整板17；Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the X-direction loading part includes a bracket 2, a magnetic powder brake 3, a rack 4, a rack-and-pinion integrated module 5, an X-direction laser displacement sensor support plate 25, an X-direction laser displacement sensor 26, and an X-direction laser displacement sensor 26. Piezoelectric ceramic actuator 6, flange sleeve 31, X-direction tension pressure sensor 32, X-direction pressure push rod 33, X-direction loading rod 34, X-direction light barrier 35, shaft coupling 19 and adjustment plate 17;
参阅图1、图2，所述支架2的底座平板上设有8个通孔。所述调整板17为平板类零件，设置有8个通孔，安装时，用螺栓穿过支架2的底座平板上的通孔和调整板17的通孔把支架2固定在地平铁1上。所述调整板17位于支架2和地平铁1之间。Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the base plate of the support 2 is provided with 8 through holes. Described adjusting plate 17 is a plate type part, is provided with 8 through holes, during installation, supports 2 is fixed on the level iron 1 with bolt through the through hole on the base plate of support 2 and the through hole of adjusting plate 17. The adjustment plate 17 is located between the bracket 2 and the horizontal iron 1 .
参阅图2，所述磁粉制动器3的底座通过螺栓与支架2的外伸台阶上表面固定连接，所述磁粉制动器3的输入轴通过联轴器19与齿轮齿条一体化模块5的齿轮输出轴连接；Referring to Fig. 2, the base of the magnetic powder brake 3 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the protruding step of the bracket 2 through bolts, and the input shaft of the magnetic powder brake 3 is connected to the gear output shaft of the rack-and-pinion integrated module 5 through a coupling 19 connect;
参阅图2，所述齿轮齿条一体化模块5通过内六角螺栓与支架2的上表面定位槽固定连接；Referring to Fig. 2, the rack-and-pinion integrated module 5 is fixedly connected to the positioning groove on the upper surface of the bracket 2 through hexagon socket bolts;
参阅图2，所述齿条4为齿轮齿条一体化模块5中的组成部件，所述齿条4的左端与法兰套筒31的右端通过内六角螺栓连接；Referring to Fig. 2, the rack 4 is a component of the rack-and-pinion integrated module 5, and the left end of the rack 4 is connected to the right end of the flange sleeve 31 by a hexagon socket bolt;
参阅图2、图6、图8，所述法兰套筒31右端面设有四个螺纹孔，用于与齿条4的左端连接，所述法兰套筒31下端设有一台阶，安装时，该台阶的B面45与牵引连接架24的右立板的右上角凸台的A面44接触；所述法兰套筒31左端设计有外伸圆柱凸台，通过螺纹与X向压电陶瓷促动器6的右端固定连接；Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 6 and Fig. 8, the right end surface of the flange sleeve 31 is provided with four threaded holes for connecting with the left end of the rack 4, and the lower end of the flange sleeve 31 is provided with a step. , the B surface 45 of the step is in contact with the A surface 44 of the boss at the upper right corner of the right vertical plate of the traction connecting frame 24; The right end of the ceramic actuator 6 is fixedly connected;
参阅图2，所述X向压电陶瓷促动器6的左端与X向拉压力传感器32的右端通过螺纹固定连接；所述X向拉压力传感器32的左端与X向压力推杆33的右端螺纹固定连接，所述X向压力推杆33的左端螺纹孔与X向挡光板35的通孔保持同轴，X向加载杆34右端的外伸螺柱穿过X向挡光板35的通孔与X向压力推杆33的左端螺纹孔固定连接；所述X向加载杆34的右端的钢球与加载箱13侧面接触连接，以实现传递力的作用；安装时，所述X向拉压力传感器32、X向加载杆34、X向压电陶瓷促动器6、X向压力推杆33的轴线和齿条4的对称轴心线共线；Referring to Fig. 2, the left end of the X-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 6 is fixedly connected with the right end of the X-direction tension pressure sensor 32; Threaded fixed connection, the threaded hole at the left end of the X-direction pressure push rod 33 is kept coaxial with the through hole of the X-direction light baffle 35, and the protruding stud at the right end of the X-direction loading rod 34 passes through the through hole of the X-direction light baffle 35 It is fixedly connected with the threaded hole at the left end of the X-direction pressure push rod 33; the steel ball at the right end of the X-direction loading rod 34 is connected with the side of the loading box 13 in contact with the side of the loading box 13 to realize the effect of force transmission; The axis of the sensor 32, the X-direction loading rod 34, the X-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 6, the X-direction pressure push rod 33 and the axis of symmetry of the rack 4 are collinear;
参阅图2，所述X向激光位移传感器托板25是由底板、右侧板和顶板焊接而成的U形结构件，所述X向激光位移传感器托板25的底板上设有通孔，用于穿过螺栓把X向激光位移传感器托板25固定在齿轮齿条一体化模块5的上表面上；所述X向激光位移传感器26通过螺栓固定安装在X向激光位移传感器托板25的顶板上表面；安装时，所述X向激光位移传感器26的轴心线与齿条4的轴心线平行；Referring to Fig. 2, the X-direction laser displacement sensor supporting plate 25 is a U-shaped structural member welded by the base plate, the right side plate and the top plate, and the base plate of the X-direction laser displacement sensor supporting plate 25 is provided with a through hole, Used to fix the X-direction laser displacement sensor supporting plate 25 on the upper surface of the rack and pinion integrated module 5 through bolts; the X-direction laser displacement sensor 26 is fixedly installed on the X-direction laser displacement sensor supporting plate 25 by bolts Top surface of the top plate; when installed, the axis line of the X-direction laser displacement sensor 26 is parallel to the axis line of the rack 4;
参阅图2，所述X向挡光板35为长方形平板类零件，下端部开设有通孔，用于穿过X向加载杆34右端的外伸螺柱，安装时，使X向激光位移传感器26发出的光照射在X向挡光板35上；经X向挡光板35反射的激光被X向激光位移传感器26的感知器件接收，进而测得X向加载杆34的位移变化。Referring to Fig. 2, the X-direction light baffle plate 35 is a rectangular flat part, and the lower end is provided with a through hole for passing through the outstretched stud at the right end of the X-direction loading rod 34. When installing, the X-direction laser displacement sensor 26 The emitted light is irradiated on the X-direction light baffle 35 ; the laser light reflected by the X-direction light baffle 35 is received by the sensing device of the X-direction laser displacement sensor 26 , and then the displacement change of the X-direction loading rod 34 is measured.
二、Y方向加载部分2. Loading part in Y direction
参阅图1、图3，所述Y方向加载部分包括两个结构完全相同的Y向加载单元，两个结构完全相同的Y向加载单元安装在待试工作台15的同一侧，其中一个Y向加载单元安装在待试工作台15的左下角位置，另一个Y向加载单元安装在待试工作台15的右上角位置；安装时两个Y向加载单元的Y向压电陶瓷促动器16的轴心线平行，且垂直于待试工作台15的运动方向；通过控制两个Y向加载单元对待试工作台15施加不同大小的力时，可实现对待试作台15的Y向加载，同时可以模拟待试工作台15受到的水平面内的扭矩加载。Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the Y direction loading part includes two Y direction loading units with the same structure, and the two Y direction loading units with the same structure are installed on the same side of the workbench 15 to be tested, one of which is Y direction The loading unit is installed at the lower left corner of the workbench 15 to be tested, and another Y-loading unit is installed at the upper right corner of the workbench 15 to be tested; when installed, the Y-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuators 16 of the two Y-direction loading units The axis lines of the test bench 15 are parallel and perpendicular to the movement direction of the test bench 15; by controlling two Y-direction loading units to apply different sizes of force to the test bench 15, the Y-direction loading of the test bench 15 can be realized. Simultaneously, the torque loading in the horizontal plane to which the workbench 15 to be tested is subjected can be simulated.
参阅图3，所述Y向加载单元包括伸缩底座21、伸缩架22、定位螺栓20、Y向激光位移传感器托板27、Y向激光位移传感器28、Y向液压伺服油缸18、Y向压电陶瓷促动器16、 Y向拉压力传感器36、Y向压力推杆37、Y向加载杆38和Y向挡光板39；Referring to Figure 3, the Y-direction loading unit includes a telescopic base 21, a telescopic frame 22, a positioning bolt 20, a Y-direction laser displacement sensor pallet 27, a Y-direction laser displacement sensor 28, a Y-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 18, a Y-direction piezoelectric Ceramic actuator 16, Y-direction pull pressure sensor 36, Y-direction pressure push rod 37, Y-direction loading rod 38 and Y-direction light barrier 39;
参阅图1、图3，所述伸缩底座21由底板和垂直轴焊接而成，垂直轴下端四周焊接有四个结构完全相同的加强筋，所述伸缩底座21的底板上开设有四个通孔，用于穿过螺栓把伸缩底座21固定在地平铁1上，所述伸缩底座21的垂直轴上端部开设有一个与垂直轴轴线水平的通孔；Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the telescopic base 21 is welded by the bottom plate and the vertical shaft, four reinforcing ribs with the same structure are welded around the lower end of the vertical shaft, and four through holes are opened on the bottom plate of the telescopic base 21 , for fixing the telescopic base 21 on the horizontal iron 1 through bolts, the upper end of the vertical shaft of the telescopic base 21 is provided with a through hole horizontal to the axis of the vertical shaft;
参阅图3，所述伸缩架22由顶板、垂直套筒及两个结构完全相同的加强筋焊接而成，伸缩架22 的顶板上开有四个螺纹孔，用于旋入螺栓固定Y向液压伺服油缸18；伸缩架22的垂直套筒沿轴向均匀开设有通孔；安装时，所述伸缩架22的垂直套筒套入伸缩底座21的垂直轴上，根据待试工作台15的高度调整伸缩架22的高度，然后，再用定位螺栓20同时穿过调节伸缩架22的通孔和伸缩底座21的通孔，把伸缩架22和伸缩底座21固定连接，使该可靠性试验装置能够对不同型号的待试工作台15模拟加载Y向切削力；Referring to Fig. 3, the telescopic frame 22 is welded by a top plate, a vertical sleeve and two reinforcing ribs with the same structure. There are four threaded holes on the top plate of the telescopic frame 22 for screwing in bolts to fix the Y-direction hydraulic pressure. Servo oil cylinder 18; the vertical sleeve of telescopic frame 22 is evenly provided with through hole along the axial direction; Adjust the height of the telescopic frame 22, then pass the through hole of the adjustable telescopic frame 22 and the through hole of the telescopic base 21 simultaneously with the positioning bolt 20, and the telescopic frame 22 and the telescopic base 21 are fixedly connected, so that the reliability test device can Simulate loading of Y-direction cutting force on different types of workbench 15 to be tested;
参阅图3，所述Y向压电陶瓷促动器16右端与Y向液压伺服油缸18的活塞杆左端螺纹固定连接，Y向压电陶瓷促动器16的左端与Y向拉压力传感器36的右端通过螺纹连接；所述Y向拉压力传感器36的左端螺纹孔与Y向压力推杆37右端的螺纹段固定连接；所述Y向压力推杆37左端螺纹孔与Y向挡光板39的通孔保持同轴，Y向加载杆38右端的外伸螺柱穿过Y向挡光板39的通孔与Y向压力推杆37的左端螺纹孔固定连接；Referring to Fig. 3, the right end of the Y-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 16 is screwed and fixedly connected to the left end of the piston rod of the Y-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 18, and the left end of the Y-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 16 is connected to the Y-direction tension pressure sensor 36. The right end is connected by thread; the threaded hole at the left end of the Y-direction pressure sensor 36 is fixedly connected with the threaded section at the right-hand side of the Y-pressure push rod 37; The holes remain coaxial, and the overhanging stud at the right end of the Y-direction loading rod 38 passes through the through hole of the Y-direction light barrier 39 and is fixedly connected with the left-end threaded hole of the Y-direction pressure push rod 37;
参阅图3，所述Y向液压伺服油缸18的轴线和Y向拉压力传感器36、Y向压电陶瓷促动器16、Y向压力推杆37、Y向加载杆38的轴心线同轴。Referring to Fig. 3, the axis of the Y-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 18 is coaxial with the axes of the Y-direction tension pressure sensor 36, the Y-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 16, the Y-direction pressure push rod 37, and the Y-direction loading rod 38. .
参阅图1、图3，所述Y向加载杆38左端的钢球与加载箱13的侧面接触连接以模拟对待试工作台15的Y向切削力的加载及在水平内受到的扭矩加载。Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the steel ball at the left end of the Y-direction loading rod 38 is in contact with the side of the loading box 13 to simulate the loading of the Y-direction cutting force of the test bench 15 and the horizontal torque loading.
参阅图3，所述Y向激光位移传感器托板27为由底板、右侧板、顶板及顶板与右侧板连接处的加强筋焊接而成的U形结构件，所述Y向激光位移传感器托板27的底板上设有通孔，用于穿过螺栓把Y向激光位移传感器托板27固定在伸缩架22的顶板上表面右端；所述Y向激光位移传感器28通过螺栓固定安装在Y向激光位移传感器托板27的顶板上表面；安装时，所述Y向激光位移传感器28的轴心线与Y向压电陶瓷促动器16的轴心线平行；Referring to Fig. 3, the Y-direction laser displacement sensor supporting plate 27 is a U-shaped structural member welded by the reinforcement ribs at the junction of the bottom plate, right side plate, top plate and top plate and the right side plate, and the Y-direction laser displacement sensor The base plate of supporting plate 27 is provided with through hole, is used to pass bolt Y to the laser displacement sensor supporting plate 27 is fixed on the right end of the upper surface of the top plate surface of telescopic frame 22; To the upper surface of the top plate of the laser displacement sensor supporting plate 27; during installation, the axis line of the Y-direction laser displacement sensor 28 is parallel to the axis line of the Y-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 16;
参阅图3，所述Y向挡光板39为长方形板类零件，下端开有通孔，用于穿过Y向加载杆38右端的外伸螺柱，安装时，所述Y向激光位移传感器28将激光射向Y向挡光板39，经Y向挡光板39反射的激光被Y向激光位移传感器28的感知器件接收，进而测得Y向加载杆38的位移变化。Referring to Fig. 3, the Y-direction light baffle plate 39 is a rectangular plate part with a through hole at the lower end for passing through the outstretched stud at the right end of the Y-direction loading rod 38. During installation, the Y-direction laser displacement sensor 28 The laser light is irradiated to the Y-direction light baffle plate 39 , the laser light reflected by the Y-direction light baffle plate 39 is received by the sensing device of the Y-direction laser displacement sensor 28 , and then the displacement change of the Y-direction loading rod 38 is measured.
三、Z方向加载部分3. Z direction loading part
参阅图1、图4，所述Z方向加载部分包括龙门架7、龙门滑板8、Z向液压伺服油缸9、液压伺服油缸托板10、横向拖架23、Z向激光位移传感器托板29、Z向激光位移传感器30、Z向挡光板40、Z向压电陶瓷促动器11、Z向拉压力传感器41、Z向压力推杆42和Z向加载杆43；Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, the Z-direction loading part includes a gantry frame 7, a gantry slide plate 8, a Z-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 9, a hydraulic servo cylinder support plate 10, a transverse carriage 23, a Z-direction laser displacement sensor support plate 29, Z-direction laser displacement sensor 30, Z-direction light baffle plate 40, Z-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 11, Z-direction tension pressure sensor 41, Z-direction pressure push rod 42 and Z-direction loading rod 43;
参阅图1、图4，所述龙门架7通过螺栓与地平铁1固定连接。所述龙门滑板8与安装在龙门架7两侧的导轨滑块上的滑块固联，可沿着龙门架7垂直移动。所述液压伺服油缸托板10通过螺栓安装在横向拖架23上。Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, the gantry frame 7 is fixedly connected with the horizontal iron 1 by bolts. Described gantry slide plate 8 is fixedly connected with the slide block that is installed on the guide rail slide block of gantry 7 both sides, can move vertically along gantry 7. The hydraulic servo cylinder supporting plate 10 is installed on the transverse bracket 23 by bolts.
参阅图1、图4，所述Z向液压伺服油缸9通过螺栓固定在液压伺服油缸托板10上；Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, the Z-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 9 is fixed on the hydraulic servo cylinder supporting plate 10 by bolts;
参阅图4，所述Z向压电陶瓷促动器11上端与Z向液压伺服油缸9的活塞杆下端螺纹固定连接，Z向压电陶瓷促动器11的下端与Z向拉压力传感器41的上端通过螺栓固定连接；所述Z向拉压力传感器41的下端螺纹孔与Z向压力推杆42上端的螺纹段固定连接；所述Z向压力推杆42下端螺纹孔与Z向挡光板40的通孔保持同轴，Z向加载杆43上端的外伸螺柱穿过Z向挡光板40的通孔与Z向压力推杆42的下端螺纹孔固定连接；；所述Z向加载杆43的下端钢球与加载盖12的上表面接触连接，以实现传递力的作用。所述Z向压电陶瓷促动器11的轴心线和Z向液压伺服油缸9、Z向拉压力传感器41、Z向加载杆43、Z向压力推杆42的轴心线共线。Referring to Fig. 4, the upper end of the Z-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 11 is screwed and fixedly connected to the lower end of the piston rod of the Z-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 9, and the lower end of the Z-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 11 is connected to the Z-direction tension pressure sensor 41. The upper end is fixedly connected by bolts; the threaded hole at the lower end of the Z-direction pressure sensor 41 is fixedly connected with the threaded section at the upper end of the Z-direction pressure push rod 42; The through hole remains coaxial, and the outwardly extending stud on the upper end of the Z-direction loading rod 43 passes through the through-hole of the Z-direction light barrier 40 and is fixedly connected to the lower end threaded hole of the Z-direction pressure push rod 42; The steel ball at the lower end is in contact with the upper surface of the loading cover 12 to realize the effect of force transmission. The axis line of the Z-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 11 is collinear with the axis lines of the Z-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 9 , the Z-direction tension pressure sensor 41 , the Z-direction loading rod 43 , and the Z-direction pressure push rod 42 .
参阅图4，所述Z向激光位移传感器托板29为由右侧板、顶板、左侧板及左侧板和顶板连接处的加强筋焊接而成的U形结构件。所述Z向激光位移传感器托板29的右侧板上设有通孔，用于穿过螺栓把Z向光位移传感器托板29固定在液压伺服油缸托板10上，所述激光位移传感器托板29位于Z向液压伺服油缸9的上侧；所述Z向激光位移传感器30通过螺栓固定安装在Z向激光位移传感器托板29的左侧板上；安装时，所述Z向激光位移传感器30的轴心线与Z向压电陶瓷促动器11的轴心线平行；Referring to FIG. 4 , the Z-direction laser displacement sensor support plate 29 is a U-shaped structural member welded by the right side plate, the top plate, the left side plate, and the ribs at the junction of the left side plate and the top plate. The right side plate of the Z-direction laser displacement sensor supporting plate 29 is provided with a through hole, which is used to fix the Z-direction optical displacement sensor supporting plate 29 on the hydraulic servo cylinder supporting plate 10 through bolts. The plate 29 is located on the upper side of the Z-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 9; the Z-direction laser displacement sensor 30 is fixedly installed on the left side plate of the Z-direction laser displacement sensor supporting plate 29 by bolts; during installation, the Z-direction laser displacement sensor The axis line of 30 is parallel to the axis line of Z-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 11;
参阅图4，所述Z向挡光板40为长方形板类零件，右端开有通孔，用于穿过Z向加载杆43上端的外伸螺柱，安装时，Z向激光位移传感器30将激光射向Z向挡光板40，经Z向挡光板40反射的激光被Z向激光位移传感器30的感知器件接收，进而测得Z向加载杆43的位移变化。Referring to Fig. 4, the Z-direction light baffle 40 is a rectangular plate part, and the right end has a through hole, which is used to pass through the outstretched stud on the upper end of the Z-direction loading rod 43. When installing, the Z-direction laser displacement sensor 30 will laser The laser light radiated to the light baffle plate 40 in the Z direction, and the laser light reflected by the light baffle plate 40 in the Z direction is received by the sensing device of the laser displacement sensor 30 in the Z direction, and then the displacement change of the loading rod 43 in the Z direction is measured.
四、配重块惯性加载部分4. The inertial loading part of the counterweight
参阅图1、图7，所述配重块惯性加载部分包括配重块14。所述配重块14为长方体，两端分别开设有U型槽，用于穿过T型螺栓，使配重块14固定在待试工作台15上，所述配重块14有很多个，试验时根据被试工件重量确定所需配重块14的数量。Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 7 , the inertial loading part of the counterweight includes a counterweight 14 . The counterweight 14 is a cuboid, and two ends are respectively provided with U-shaped grooves for passing through T-shaped bolts, so that the counterweight 14 is fixed on the workbench 15 to be tested. There are many counterweights 14, The quantity of required counterweight blocks 14 is determined according to the weight of the workpiece to be tested during the test.
五、加载辅助部分5. Load the auxiliary part
参阅图1、图5、图8，所述加载辅助部分包括加载盖12、牵引连接架24和加载箱13；Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 5 and Fig. 8, the loading auxiliary part includes a loading cover 12, a traction connecting frame 24 and a loading box 13;
参阅图5，所述加载箱13由底板、右壁板、前壁板和后壁板焊接而成的箱体类零件；所述加载箱13的前壁板和后壁板上表面分别开设有2个螺纹孔，用于固定加载盖12；所述加载箱13的底板四个角处开设有通孔，用于穿过螺栓与待试工作台15固联，所述加载箱13的右壁板上开设有四个螺纹孔，用于固定牵引连接架24；Referring to Fig. 5, the loading box 13 is a box body part welded by the bottom plate, the right wall, the front wall and the rear wall; the front wall and the rear wall of the loading box 13 are respectively provided with Two threaded holes are used to fix the loading cover 12; the four corners of the bottom plate of the loading box 13 are provided with through holes for passing through the bolts to be fixedly connected to the workbench 15 to be tested, and the right wall of the loading box 13 There are four threaded holes on the plate for fixing the traction connecting frame 24;
参阅图5、图6，所述牵引连接架24由左竖板和右立板焊接而成，左竖板开有四个通孔，用于穿过螺栓把牵引连接架24固定在加载箱13上，所述牵引连接架24的右立板的右上角处设有一凸台，安装时，该凸台的A面44与法兰套筒31的下端台阶的B面45接触。Referring to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the traction connecting frame 24 is welded by the left vertical plate and the right vertical plate, and the left vertical plate has four through holes for fixing the traction connecting frame 24 on the loading box 13 through bolts. Above, a boss is provided at the upper right corner of the right vertical plate of the traction connecting frame 24 , and when installed, the A surface 44 of the boss contacts the B surface 45 of the lower end step of the flange sleeve 31 .
六、控制部分6. Control part
参阅图1、图9，所述控制部分包括X向控制器、Y向控制器、Z向控制器和工作台运动控制仪。Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 9, the control part includes an X-direction controller, a Y-direction controller, a Z-direction controller and a table motion controller.
所述Y向控制器通过RS232C端口与工控机电线连接，当对待试工作台15施加低频切削力时，Y向控制器输出信号给Y向电液伺服阀，通过Y向电液伺服阀来控制Y向液压伺服油缸18的压力、位移，同时Y向拉压力传感器36、Y向激光位移传感器28采集加载信号通过信号放大器上传给Y向控制器，Y向控制器输出信号给Y向电液伺服阀，再控制Y向液压伺服油缸18，实现Y向液压伺服油缸18的压力、位移的闭环控制。当对工作台施加高频切削力时，Y向控制器输出信号给Y向压电陶瓷促动器16，同时Y向拉压力传感器36、Y向激光位移传感器28采集加载信号通过信号放大器上传给Y向控制器，Y向控制器输出信号控制Y向压电陶瓷促动器16，实现Y向压电陶瓷促动器16的压力、位移的闭环控制。The Y-direction controller is connected to the industrial computer through the RS232C port. When the low-frequency cutting force is applied to the test bench 15, the Y-direction controller outputs a signal to the Y-direction electro-hydraulic servo valve, which is controlled by the Y-direction electro-hydraulic servo valve. The pressure and displacement of the Y-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 18, while the Y-direction pressure sensor 36 and the Y-direction laser displacement sensor 28 collect the loading signal through the signal amplifier and upload it to the Y-direction controller, and the Y-direction controller outputs the signal to the Y-direction electro-hydraulic servo. valve, and then control the Y-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 18 to realize the closed-loop control of the pressure and displacement of the Y-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 18. When a high-frequency cutting force is applied to the workbench, the Y-direction controller outputs a signal to the Y-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 16, and at the same time, the Y-direction pull pressure sensor 36 and the Y-direction laser displacement sensor 28 collect loading signals and upload them to the Y-direction through the signal amplifier. The Y-direction controller, the Y-direction controller outputs signals to control the Y-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 16 to realize the closed-loop control of the pressure and displacement of the Y-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 16 .
所述Z向控制器通过RS232C端口与工控机电线连接，当对待试工作台15施加低频模拟切削力时，Z向控制器输出信号给Z向电液伺服阀，通过Z向电液伺服阀来控制Z向液压伺服油缸9的压力、位移，同时Z向拉压力传感器41、Z向激光位移传感器30采集加载信号通过信号放大器上传给Z向控制器，Z向控制器输出信号给Z向电液伺服阀，再控制Z向液压伺服油缸9，实现Z向液压伺服油缸9的压力、位移的闭环控制。当对待试工作台15施加高频加载力时，Z向控制器输出信号给Z向压电陶瓷促动器11，同时Z向拉压力传感器41、Z向激光位移传感器30采集加载信号通过信号放大器上传给Z向控制器，Z向控制器输出信号控制Z向压电陶瓷促动器11，实现Z向压电陶瓷促动器11的压力、位移的闭环控制。The Z-direction controller is connected to the industrial computer through the RS232C port. When the low-frequency simulated cutting force is applied to the test bench 15, the Z-direction controller outputs a signal to the Z-direction electro-hydraulic servo valve, and the Z-direction electro-hydraulic servo valve is used to Control the pressure and displacement of the Z-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 9, while the Z-direction pull pressure sensor 41 and the Z-direction laser displacement sensor 30 collect loading signals through the signal amplifier and upload them to the Z-direction controller, and the Z-direction controller outputs signals to the Z-direction electro-hydraulic The servo valve controls the Z-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 9 to realize the closed-loop control of the pressure and displacement of the Z-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 9 . When a high-frequency loading force is applied to the test bench 15, the Z-direction controller outputs a signal to the Z-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 11, and at the same time, the Z-direction tension pressure sensor 41 and the Z-direction laser displacement sensor 30 collect loading signals through the signal amplifier The signal is uploaded to the Z-direction controller, and the Z-direction controller outputs a signal to control the Z-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 11 to realize the closed-loop control of the pressure and displacement of the Z-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 11 .
所述X向控制器通过RS232C端口与工控机电线连接，当对待试工作台15施加低频切削力时，Z向控制器输出信号给磁粉制动器3，同时X向拉压力传感器32、X向激光位移传感器26采集加载信号通过信号放大器上传给X向控制器，X向控制器输出信号给磁粉制动器3，实现磁粉制动器3的压力、位移的闭环控制。当对工作台施加高频切削力时，X向控制器输出信号给X向压电陶瓷促动器6和磁粉制动器3，同时X向拉压力传感器32、X向激光位移传感器26采集加载信号通过信号放大器上传给X向控制器，X向控制器输出信号控制X向压电陶瓷促动器6和磁粉制动器3，实现X向压电陶瓷促动器6和磁粉制动器3的压力、位移的闭环控制。The X-direction controller is connected to the industrial computer through the RS232C port. When the low-frequency cutting force is applied to the test bench 15, the Z-direction controller outputs a signal to the magnetic powder brake 3, while the X-direction pulls the pressure sensor 32 and the X-direction laser displacement. The load signal collected by the sensor 26 is uploaded to the X-direction controller through the signal amplifier, and the X-direction controller outputs a signal to the magnetic powder brake 3 to realize the closed-loop control of the pressure and displacement of the magnetic powder brake 3 . When a high-frequency cutting force is applied to the workbench, the X-direction controller outputs signals to the X-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 6 and the magnetic powder brake 3, and at the same time, the X-direction tension pressure sensor 32 and the X-direction laser displacement sensor 26 collect the loading signal through The signal amplifier is uploaded to the X-direction controller, and the X-direction controller outputs signals to control the X-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 6 and magnetic powder brake 3 to realize the closed loop of pressure and displacement of the X-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 6 and magnetic powder brake 3 control.
所述工作台运动控制仪通过RS232C端口与工控机电线连接，工作台运动控制仪输出信号给待试工作台15，控制待试工作台15的运动。The workbench motion controller is connected with the industrial computer through the RS232C port, and the workbench motion controller outputs signals to the workbench 15 to be tested to control the movement of the workbench 15 to be tested.
重型数控龙门刨床移动工作台可靠性试验装置的工作原理：The working principle of the reliability test device of the heavy-duty CNC planer mobile workbench:
首先根据图 1 所示，安装 X 方向加载部分，使X向加载杆34的轴线和X向压电陶瓷促动器6的轴线、齿条4的轴线同轴，同时平行于待试工作台15的运动方向。其次，安装两个结构完全相同的Y向加载单元在待试工作台15的同一侧，其中一个Y向加载单元安装在待试工作台15的左下角位置，另一个Y向加载单元安装在待试工作台15的右上角位置；安装时两个Y向加载单元的Y向压电陶瓷促动器16的轴心线平行，且垂直于待试工作台15的运动方向；再安装Z方向加载部分，使得Z向加载杆43的轴线与Z向压电陶瓷促动器11的轴线、Z向液压伺服油缸9的轴线同轴，同时，垂直于待试工作台15的工作台面（即水平面）；再安装加载辅助部分；再安装控制部分。试验前根据重型数控龙门刨床的加工零件的重量特点，在待试工作台15上安装配重块14，用于模拟工件重量，实现惯性加载。然后，通过控制台控制界面设定待试工作台15的运动速度、X方向切削力、Y方向切削力、Z方向切削力、扭矩等切削工艺参数，进行可靠性试验。在试验过程中，所设置的拉压力传感器、位移传感器实时把信号传回主机并控制相对应的压电陶瓷促动器、液压伺服油缸、磁粉制动器等动作，实现闭环控制，并把相关试验数据存储，为后续的可靠性分析提供依据。First, as shown in Figure 1, install the X-direction loading part so that the axis of the X-direction loading rod 34 is coaxial with the axis of the X-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 6 and the axis of the rack 4, and is parallel to the test bench 15 direction of movement. Secondly, install two Y-direction loading units with the same structure on the same side of the test bench 15, wherein one Y-direction loading unit is installed at the lower left corner of the test bench 15, and the other Y-direction loading unit is installed on the test bench 15. The position of the upper right corner of the test bench 15; when installing, the axis lines of the Y-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuators 16 of the two Y-direction loading units are parallel and perpendicular to the movement direction of the test bench 15; then install the Z-direction loading Part, so that the axis of the Z-direction loading rod 43 is coaxial with the axis of the Z-direction piezoelectric ceramic actuator 11 and the axis of the Z-direction hydraulic servo cylinder 9, and at the same time, it is perpendicular to the worktable (ie, the horizontal plane) of the test bench 15 ; Reinstall the loading auxiliary part; reinstall the control part. Before the test, according to the weight characteristics of the processed parts of the heavy-duty CNC planer, a counterweight 14 was installed on the workbench 15 to be tested to simulate the weight of the workpiece and realize inertial loading. Then, the cutting process parameters such as the moving speed, cutting force in the X direction, cutting force in the Y direction, cutting force in the Z direction, and torque of the workbench 15 to be tested are set through the control interface of the console, and the reliability test is carried out. During the test, the set tension pressure sensor and displacement sensor transmit the signal back to the main engine in real time and control the corresponding piezoelectric ceramic actuator, hydraulic servo cylinder, magnetic powder brake and other actions to realize closed-loop control, and related test data Storage provides a basis for subsequent reliability analysis.
本发明中所述的实施例是为了便于该技术领域的技术人员能够理解和应用本发明，本发明只是一种优化的实施例，或者说是一种较佳的具体的技术方案，故本发明不限于实施这一种比较具体技术方案的描述。如果相关的技术人员在坚持本发明基本技术方案的情况下做出不需要经过创造性劳动的等效结构变化或各种修改都在本发明的保护范围内。The embodiments described in the present invention are for those skilled in the art to understand and apply the present invention, and the present invention is only an optimized embodiment, or a better specific technical solution, so the present invention It is not limited to the description of implementing this relatively specific technical solution. If relevant technical personnel make equivalent structural changes or various modifications that do not require creative work while adhering to the basic technical solution of the present invention, they all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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