CN107810371A - The speculum of solar facilities aggregation sunshine, the method and solar facilities for running solar facilities - Google Patents
The speculum of solar facilities aggregation sunshine, the method and solar facilities for running solar facilities Download PDFInfo
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- CN107810371A CN107810371A CN201580081214.9A CN201580081214A CN107810371A CN 107810371 A CN107810371 A CN 107810371A CN 201580081214 A CN201580081214 A CN 201580081214A CN 107810371 A CN107810371 A CN 107810371A
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- Prior art keywords
- speculum
- section
- sunshine
- solar facilities
- focus
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/82—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors characterised by the material or the construction of the reflector
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/71—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S2023/83—Other shapes
- F24S2023/833—Other shapes dish-shaped
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S2023/87—Reflectors layout
- F24S2023/874—Reflectors formed by assemblies of adjacent similar reflective facets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
Abstract
The present invention relates to it is a kind of be used for for solar facilities assemble sunshine speculum, it is a kind of be used for run the method for solar facilities and a kind of solar facilities.Parabolic mirror is known in the prior art.One important application of parabolic mirror is aggregation sunshine to utilize solar energy.It can be reached a high temperature by aggregation in the focal point of large-scale parabolic mirror.Thus the energy provided can be used for fusing metal or produce steam.Small-scale application, such as solar cooker, assemble solar energy usually using parabolic mirror.The present invention proposes the approach in terms of different favourable mechanical and geometries.
Description
Technical field
Assemble the speculum of sunshine, a kind of side for running solar facilities for solar facilities the present invention relates to a kind of
Method and a kind of solar facilities.
Background technology
Parabolic mirror is known in the art.One important application of parabolic mirror is the aggregation of sunshine
To utilize solar energy.High temperature can be realized in the focal point of big parabolic mirror by aggregation.Thus the energy provided can use
In fusing metal or produce steam.Small-scale application, such as solar cooker, assemble the energy of the sun usually using parabolic mirror
Amount.
(source：https：//de.wikipedia.org/wiki/parbolspiegel, on July 13rd, 2015)
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide improvement project or alternative solution for prior art.
According to the first aspect of the invention, the purpose passes through a kind of speculum for being used to assemble sunshine for solar facilities
It is achieved, the speculum includes multiple banded sections, and focus is gathered with the incident sunshine of reflexive reflective surface in the future,
Wherein, these sections have tangential extension (tangential extension), i.e. are extended in a manner of tangential.
Herein, it should be noted that it is following some：
The parallel rays (that is, predominantly sunshine) of incidence is gathered Jiao by that speculum related to this specification
Point.
Speculum described herein generally has larger size, such as diameter is more than one meter, and general diameter is even greater than
Two meters or three meters.
Due to this size and in order to simplify manufacture, this speculum arranges generally in the form of banded section.Bar
The section of banding is connected to each other and therefore formation reflecting surface.
According to disclosure have been presented in a first aspect, these sections have tangential extension.
In brief, it means that, these bands have the fan shape of the imaginary body of rotational symmetry, wherein, these
Circumference of the band along the imaginary body is removed.
The paraboloid of revolution is the preferable speculum for assembling sunshine.The paraboloid of revolution (or rotating parabola) is to enclose
Around central axis rotational symmetry.Band has along the extension of the circumference around the axis, and the extension is than parallel
It is longer in the extension of the band of the axis.
In the prior art, assembling banded section along the direction of the axis of entity (rotational solid) caused by rotation is
It is well-known.Because the type of the section partition of rotational solid can cause all bands, i.e. all segment shapes are identical
, the shape makes manufacturing process simpler at a glance.
On the contrary, it was recognized by the inventor that the use of the extra charge during band extended in tangential direction is controllable.Especially
The ideal form for being the deviation paraboloid of revolution is acceptable, because thus caused loss is at the boundary of measurable range.
, can nearly ideally structure using the section of the same shape around rotation axis on different horizontal planes
Make speculum.
But in a preferred embodiment, speculum with section of different shapes by forming.
Particularly preferred embodiment is arranged to, and speculum includes identical on a horizontal plane relative to rotation axis
Shape, laterally adjacent section, but there is section of different shapes on higher mirror.
Preferably, at speculum or the paraboloidal port of export or its vicinity set than in the narrower section of top end.
The extension of section in the axial direction is fewer, and the paraboloid of revolution is not exactly corresponded to but relative to it in the profile of each section
Error in the case of deviation is smaller.
The particular embodiment of the present invention is arranged to, and the boundary edge of the Longitudinal extending of each section and therefore may be used
The boundary edge projected on axis is molded not as parabola section in size and geometry, but simply as according to circle
Curved section is molded.They can be produced and be safeguarded in a manner of more cost-effective.But the profile of speculum is got over from summit
Far, it becomes more significantly, such that due to error minimizes caused by intentional " mistake " geometry.This can be by using
Section shorter in the axial direction is realized.
It is of course possible to pass through the tangentially extending section proposed to assemble parabolic mirror.
However, prior art is based on, if it has been recognised by the inventors that a section has the edge for deviateing paraboloid of revolution shape
And mainly there is the edge of circular arc shaped sectors shape, then it is more wise.
The shape manufacture of the paraboloid of revolution is expensive, and this has negative effect to cost.On the contrary, it is manufactured as circle segment
The obvious cost in edge is more effective, and technically more underdeveloped area is also possible.It was recognized by the inventor that relative to rotation
The deviation for turning paraboloidal shape is less than to manufacture the real paraboloid of revolution and increased expenditure.
Therefore, at least one section has the edge for deviateing paraboloid of revolution shape.
It should be noted that in the range of present patent application, generally by indefinite article and digital reference (such as "one",
" two " etc.) " at least " (such as " at least one ... ", " at least two ... " etc.) is interpreted as, unless within a context clearly
Refer to, clearly indicate, or be that apparently the implication can only be or should be " lucky one for those skilled in the art
It is individual ", " lucky two " etc..
Compared with complete rotational solid, the speculum proposed is provided with opening, and especially, the opening is arranged to account for institute
State at least the 50% of the surface of complete rotary body.
When assembling sunshine for solar facilities, the sub-fraction of whole surface is generally only needed, is particularly being reflected
In the case of mirror has intelligent tracing system.
According to the second aspect of the invention, the purpose is by providing the speculum for being used for assembling sunshine for solar facilities
It is achieved, the speculum includes multiple sections, and the sunshine of incidence is reflexed to the surface of focus for being formed, and wherein this is anti-
Penetrating mirror particularly can extraly correspond to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein, the speculum is characterised by, section, which has, to be assigned
Shape, overvoltage relative to environmental pressure or negative pressure.
Using this design, realize is molded section by the overvoltage of application or negative pressure.This means these sections
It must be at least airtight on reflecting surface, or at least one other fluid (that is, gas or liquid) must be sealed.Pass through
Introduce or discharge fluid can adjust shape.For example, this can be designed so that at certain bandwidth near preferable internal pressure
Surface only there is very small deformation compared with ideal form, therefore will not the significant efficiency for reducing solar facilities.This
Help to make the present invention economically to use in technology low developed area.
It is arranged in a particularly simple application, section is inflated or is vented.Need not use special gas or
Liquid, and section can be very light.
Therefore, these sections either all may easily collapse for transporting, safeguarding or dismantling purpose.Multiple areas
Section can be connected with each other by fluid line.This design is accomplished that, simply by introduce or discharge air or it is any its
Its fluid makes multiple sections of speculum, particularly all sections plastic.
One section may include hyaline membrane and reflectance coating, and the hyaline membrane is airtightly connected with the reflectance coating, particularly welded
It is connected together, to form bag.
This design allows so to set hyaline membrane, it is preferably faced towards the incident radiation of the sun, so that sunray
Through hyaline membrane and reach on reflectance coating.Therefore, when speculum is in operation, reflecting surface is located in bag (pouch), and
Therefore for example inside the cushion bag of inflation, so as to for example prevent reflectance coating from being polluted by dust.
If a section is provided with support frame, mechanical load can be absorbed by support frame, therefore can will be non-
Often light design (such as film) is used for reflecting surface.
One section is provided with inflatable tension element, especially manages, and especially has different internal pressures along its circumference.
By this way, tension element can be inflated for example by air or any other fluid (gas or liquid)；Paper tinsel
Shape, reflecting surface are through tension element tensioning and therefore using to being precisely oriented designed by speculum.
According to the third aspect of the invention we, the purpose passes through a kind of speculum for being used to assemble sunshine for solar facilities
It is achieved, the speculum includes multiple sections, and the sunshine of incidence is reflexed to the surface of focus, particularly root for being formed
According to the speculum of above-mentioned first or second aspect, wherein, the speculum is characterised by, these sections are shaped to include fluorine-containing
The reflective pad of polymer film.
The prototype test of inventor shows that fluoro-containing copolymer film is preferable for cushion speculum.
It is particularly suitable that ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE).
In addition, the thickness of the hyaline membrane between 50 μm to 200 μm is proved to be preferable, particularly at about 100 μm extremely
Between 150 μm.
Reflection foil with aluminium lamination is proved to for reflecting surface be preferable, particularly has the aluminium reflection of sputtering
Mirror.
According to the fourth aspect of the invention, the purpose passes through a kind of speculum for being used to assemble sunshine for solar facilities
It is achieved, the speculum includes multiple sections, and the sunshine of incidence is reflexed to the surface of focus, particularly root for being formed
According to the speculum of any of above three aspect, wherein, speculum is characterised by, these sections are provided with reflectance coating, its
In, the grating texture of machinery enhancing is laid on the reflecting film, preferably on its non-reflective dorsal part.
" grating texture " of enhancing means to have ribbon in the thickness for the film that can be connected to each other or gap-like is raised
Part.
Preferable grating texture is rhombus.
According to the fifth aspect of the invention, the purpose passes through a kind of side for being used to run the solar facilities with speculum
Method, the speculum are used to assemble sunshine for solar facilities, and the speculum includes multiple sections, for being formed incidence too
Sunlight reflexes to the surface of focus, and being particularly used to run has according to the present invention on appointing in the above-mentioned many aspects of transmitter
The method of the solar facilities of the speculum of one, wherein, the method is characterized in that, in the emergency mode, these sections can
To deflate or inflate to reduce building-up effect.
According to the sixth aspect of the invention, the purpose passes through a kind of side for being used to run the solar facilities with speculum
Method, the speculum are used to assemble sunshine for solar facilities, and the speculum includes multiple sections, for being formed incidence too
Sunlight reflexes to the surface of focus, is particularly used to run with the anti-of any of first to fourth aspect according to the present invention
The method and/or method according to the fifth aspect of the invention of the solar facilities of mirror are penetrated, wherein, the method is characterized in that,
Section is by the air pressure fluctuated and therefore vibrates to clean its surface.
The amplitude that section is showed on the surface due to the air pressure of fluctuation is not highly significant.But say, the vibration example
It can such as be used for shaking off snow or dust.
According to the seventh aspect of the invention, the purpose passes through a kind of solar energy with the speculum for being used to assemble sunshine
Equipment is achieved, and in the solar facilities, speculum is installed in the mirror support of truss (framework) structure shape
Focus is reflexed on part and by the sunshine of incidence, moreover, mirror support is preferably equipped with motor-driven daily tracking
System, and the daily tracing system is designed to, and mirror support is rotated around rotation axis, and therefore follow incidence
The direction of the change of sunray, the solar facilities are characterised by, if the solar facilities is installed on the Northern Hemisphere,
Rotation axis is alignd with Polaris, and daily tracing system is arranged to so that if speculum is motorized, with 15 °/
The angular speed of minute is rotated around rotation axis, and focus and the receiver in focus are kept in the same location.
Additionally, it is preferred that providing seasonal tracing system, the seasonal tracing system is arranged to, and surrounds speculum
Tilt axis tilt at least 15 °, preferably at least 20 °, particularly from about 23.5 °, wherein, tilt axis extend horizontally through turntable
Center.
If mirror support is used to follow the trail of mechanism, and mirror support carries speculum as light as possible, example
Such as cushion, inflatable speculum, then this solar facilities is particularly advantageous.What is considered is mainly according to the present invention
The speculum of above-mentioned preceding four aspects, and/or wherein apply the 5th or the 6th aspect according to the present invention method it is anti-
Penetrate mirror.
According to the eighth aspect of the invention, the purpose passes through a kind of solar energy of the speculum including for assembling sunshine
Equipment is achieved, and in the solar facilities, speculum is installed on the mirror support of truss-like and by incidence
Sunshine reflex to focus, wherein, mirror support is preferably equipped with motor-driven daily tracing system, and this is daily
Tracing system is designed to, and reflecting mirror support structure is rotated around rotation axis and is therefore followed the change of incident sunray
Angle, the wherein solar facilities is characterised by, is provided with including focus sensor, controller and deformation motor
The control system of (shaping motor), wherein, controller have be connected with the data of focus sensor and with deformation motor
Operation connection (operational connection), wherein, the controller is arranged to, and in operation, passes through speculum
The focus for the sunshine being aggregated is maintained at desired value by the deformation (shaping) of at least one section.
Particular it should be noted that " desired value " can also have the margin of tolerance, wherein, the margin of tolerance is preferably in controller
Middle setting.
" deformation motor " must be engineered to make at least one section of speculum, preferably all sections together or single
Solely it is adjusted specified focus.It is therefore contemplated that air slowly escapes from the speculum section of cushion.Example
Such as, more air can be pumped into section and/or by one or more axis (in preferable feelings by deformation motor by pump
Under condition, by all six spatial degrees of freedom) adjust section on its edge.
Adjacent section can be attached to one another along their edge, or they is can be individually freely regulated, i.e. that
This arranged adjacent but it is not attached.
Brief description of the drawings
Now by the present invention background theories and the present invention non-limiting embodiment further describe come
The present invention is explained in greater detail.In accompanying drawing：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the paraboloid of revolution with focus F, and all light for vertically reaching the paraboloidal plane of incidence exist
Assemble in focus F,
Fig. 2 is round the clock decile of the more satisfactory paraboloidal intercept factor (intercept factor) relative to speculum
The chart of the diameter of point (equinox) opening position receiver opening.
Fig. 3 is the graphics for focusing intercept curve of the speculum in Along ent position round the clock, and the speculum is by six circles
Drum portion assembles,
Fig. 4 is the schematic cross-section of transparent flat membrane and the flat film of reflection,
Fig. 5 is the schematic perspective view of a part for the reflectance coating with enhancing grating texture,
Fig. 6 is the schematic perspective view of the Part portions of section,
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the cross section of the speculum section (figure 4 illustrates) with installation annex,
Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional view of negative pressure speculum,
Fig. 9 is the stereogram of the paraboloidal signal shape of the film (membrane) with six light structures sections,
Figure 10 is the chart of the achievable intercept factor with speculum geometry shown in Fig. 9,
Figure 11 is the schematic perspective view of the minimum surface element for the film being molded under pressure p, to explain mechanical background,
Figure 12 is the schematic perspective view of the paraboloid of revolution with designated surface element, to explain background geometry, and
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of the geometry described herein followed the trail of and focus speculum.
Embodiment
Present embodiments describe paraboloidal sunshine aggregation that one extremely light, eccentric, focus is fixed, accurate
The structure of device, its function and its main application field.Speculum is by being defined by specific profile, transparent and reflection poly-
The arrangement composition of compound film, the surface configuration of thin polymer film are born by (relative to environmental pressure) air superpressure or air
Swaging into.
The basic conception of inventor is：
A) relatively low energy requirement (" the grey energy of its manufacture of the extremely low weight per unit area of corresponding speculum-be used for
Amount ") the related quick amortization of-energy.
B) great surface quality (i.e. minimum roughness) of the reflectance coating of tensioning.
C) by targetedly applying gas (air) overvoltage or negative pressure, the class parabola in the range of the elastic telescopic of film
Ground is molded film.
In the Dutch physicist H.Hencky " tensioning states on the circular sheet of the flexural rigidity with reduction
(Concerning the tensional state of circular sheets with reducing
Bendingstiffness in research) ", in the equation proposed for describing equilibrium configuration in 1913, periphery is circle for he
And the film that firmly clamps can use the equation under air pressure：
Wherein wrRepresent displacement of the film in z-axis.
After derivation, the equation is changed into：
For parabola, the gradient on surface is characterized as the function of radius by linear function.But in equation (2)
Binomial is cubic term, and it shows that " Hencky " film is steeper (spherical distortion for being similar to spherical mirror) than the parabola at periphery place.
H.Calculate the tensioning state (vertical and horizontal in by air pressure and the film that deforms
Tensioning) and find, originally open and flat film must by systematically and anisotropically pre-tensioner, with cause apply it is given
It has accurate parabolic shape after pressure.The minimum surface element that film can be observed now is deformed due to pressure p.
It is assumed that bending stress in film is small to can be ignored, comparison diagram 11.
In the state of the equilibrium, the power F as caused by pressure can be establishedpWith by retraction stress (retracting stresse)
Caused power Fσ1And Fσ2Between power balance.
Fp=Fσ1+Fσ2 (3)
Based on the figure a) in 11, above-mentioned value is can be inserted into, wherein the components of stress (stress opposite with pressure
Components) showed for less angle as shown in Figure 11 figure b).
p·ρ1dα1·ρ2dα2=σ1dα1·s·ρ2dα2+σ2dα2·s·ρ1dα1 (4)
Formula (4) is converted to
Therefore, assume the film that deforms under stress be rendered as by focus f around z-axis rotation it is paraboloidal in the form of.
Due to rotational symmetry, and by the calculating of principal curvatures, parabola ρ can be determined according only to numerical value x1(phase
For parallel lines) and ρ2The radius of curvature (comparing Figure 12) of (along meridian direction).
The commercial city of the two radius of curvature can be drawn
The expansion of the film on a direction in the surface element analyzed is the result of two components.First component is to expand
, the expansion is due to caused by tension in this direction.Second component is the transverse direction as caused by cross-direction shrinkage
Shrink caused by the tensioning acted in that orthogonal direction.
E represents the modulus of elasticity of membrane material herein, and v represents the Poisson's ratio of cross-direction shrinkage behavior of the material in stretching
(Poisson’s ratio).σ is solved by equation (10)1And σ2, obtain
And
Formula (11) and (12) are updated to (5), obtain
Summarize above-mentioned consideration, it may be said that if making film anisotropically be tensioned as previously described, flat film is applied in pressure
Under conditions of paraboloidal shape is presented.
This considers the concept that result in the collector focused.The identical film section speculum that quantity is n is (usually
It is trapezoidal) arrangement rotated around pole axis with continuous 15 °/h, and sunshine is reflexed to by aperture (focal plane of speculum)
In cavity receiver.Seasonal adjustment (± 23.5 °) is carried out (see Figure 13) by extend through the second axle of hole plane.
Build with 2m2To 20m2In the range of different prototypes.Noticeably greater than 1000Suns average sunshine aggregation
Degree (average aggregate degree c ＞ 1000) is achieved.This opens the possibility using cavity receiver, and effectively achieves
A maximum of about of 2000 DEG C of process temperature.With parabolic mirror (wherein receiver must follow solar tracking to move) phase of routine
Than the major advantage of the concept focused is, heavier, fixed receiver and movement with and without storage effect
, the mechanical uncoupling of light optical system.
These prototypes are used for the different field for showing application：
Solar energy is carried out round the clock and is boiled (solar cooking) as storage medium by using steel or sand；·
Run a kind of thermochemical, reversible Mg-MgH2Storage for the basic of Stirling engine (Stirling engine)
Load operation；
For making H2S splits into H2With the thermocatalytic receiver of sulphur；
Couple light into fixed optical conductor；
Metallurgical and potting.
But due to following, it will be transformed into efficiently with the pre-tensioned eccentric parabola section of anisotropy
, it is economically feasible large-scale production not yet realize：
1) complicated and time-consuming mechanical pre-tensioner method two
2) creep process in film (creeping processe) is, it is necessary to readjust two
3) it must be only occurred in the elastic range of film extension due to pre-tensioner, therefore relatively low pre-tensioner cause to reflect
Mirror element causes the deformation of reflective film to the sensitiveness of wind-force.
The purpose of the present inventor is, develops a kind of light-duty parabolic mirror, it retains and improved above
Described in the advantages of focusing speculum (by fixation, fixation focus, it is in light weight, reflected by gas/air pressure initiation
Mirror), but avoid the shortcomings that its is intrinsic (complicated anisotropy is pre-tensioner, due to image deterioration, consumption caused by the plastics of flowing
When and expensive production).
This needs two that surmount prior art important development procedures and opinion.
First, this idea is envisaged as not being to focus speculum by the strip along meridian direction to be formed, but from
Formed along the strip on parabola direction of rotation and focus speculum.
The fact that Fig. 1 has reacted.Shown is the initial parabola (1) of the rotation with focus F, all perpendicular to entering
Penetrate in the light in the face focus and assemble.Reference (1a) systematically depicts three arranged on meridian direction and focuses area
Section, as from it is described it is well known in the prior art.
Initial paraboloidal throwing must be followed naturally along the lateral profile of these sections (2a) of meridian direction extension
Paraboloid shape, so as to form parabolic element.On the contrary, define the shorter top profile and profile (2b) shape of section (1a)
Into circular section.In order that they are deformed in the form of paraboloidal under stress, because the curvature of meridian direction constantly changes,
Must anisotropically pre-tensioner this known film speculum as described above.
But if according to an aspect of the present invention, these parts are formed in a rotational direction, as schematically shown
Three sections (1b), then short side (3b) will also form the good approximate (because they only extend on meridian direction of circular arc
Very short distance).The long side (3a) of outlined all forms accurate circular arc under any circumstance.There is perseverance because border is formed
Determine the circular arc of radius of curvature, then no longer need the anisotropic pre-tensioner of reflective film.Cut according to the surface of truncated cone thin
Film only need to be equably pre-tensioned after framework is connected to.
After in check gas/air pressure is applied, each section (1b) forms the circle drum section being stacked up and down,
And the focus of these circle drum sections combines in F.If each element is sufficiently narrow, according to eccentric paraboloidal of the invention
The arrangement of one side forms the extraordinary approximation of preferable paraboloidal appropriate section, as shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 2 shows the intercept factor (relative value proportional to radiant power) according to the arrangement of one aspect of the invention
Comparison with the preferable paraboloidal intercept factor relative to the diameter of the opening position receiver opening of Along ent round the clock of speculum.Reason
Think to focus paraboloidal aggregation figure (concentration figure) only a little better.It is burnt in the diagram of intensity distribution
The deformation of point is hardly recognizable.Due to error in shape, focus projects farther than prolonging in y-direction in a z-direction.
Preferable paraboloidal aggregation can be by the more preferable subregion (at top than in the smaller part in bottom) of mirror surface and right
Accurate optimization comes further approximate.
Fig. 3 show according to an aspect of the present invention it is being made up of six circle drum parts, in Along ent position round the clock
The interception curve for focusing speculum in putting.
In fact, as described above, these sections are only needed in a rotational direction by equably pre-tensioner, it is possible to realize this
Invention is compared to the second aspect that the prior art is innovated：Film is uniformly pre-tensioner.
This is clearly illustrated in Fig. 4.What it is with (4) mark is transparent flat film, and (5) mark is the flat film of reflection.Film (4)
(5) airtightly engaged at its edge (6) place.
By the bag that (4) and (5) are formed as fitting frusta-conical surface, its be then pulled to frame structure (2 × 3a+2 ×
On 3b).Periphery extension of the inflatable elastic tube along framework, or alternatively along keeping flat in its ground state (base state)
Non-resilient tire (tire) (7) extension.
If pressure p 1 to be applied to the inside of pipe, pipe will expand and apply the tensioning of definition to film.Initial pre- of film
It is tight be not it is critically important because pipe due to its expand and the tension compensating of definition that is maintained on film this is pre-tensioner.Temperature in film
Degree change is also compensated by pipe in an identical manner.
When the reaction force on the equalization of strain and inner frame (14) of analysed film, the fact that be apparent from.Film
Tension force be σF, film thickness be dFHeight with inner frame is hR.The air pressure of offer shape between film (4) and (5) is
p2, wherein, p1＞ ＞ p2。
It is fixed in one location by auxiliary profile (8) to manage (7).
The pipe can extend as single tube essentially around whole frame structure (has fixed lead in the 3a-3b of corner
Road is to prevent from twisting together), or the pipe can by four single, inflatable linear segments (2 × along 3a, 2 × along 3b) group
Into.
The pipe being pressed applies constant pressure to its inwall.Tension force anisotropically can also be applied to film now.
The anisotropy of tension force can pass through frame height hRTo control.The anisotropy is also protected during the change of film temperature
Hold.According to an aspect of the present invention, anisotropy is it is also possible that to reach, i.e. along the pipe of film edge by changing
Interior pressure n partial sector form, rather than set edge contour thickness change.
The radius of curvature of edge weld (6) follows the radius of curvature for the section bar (3a) for providing shape.Film (4) and (5) are preferred
It is made up of highly transparent and fast light fluoro-containing copolymer film, the fluoro-containing copolymer film is difficult with traditional due to its high-melting-point
Resistance heating method is welded with the pressure defined.It is therefore preferable that preferably solves this using two kinds of other methods
Problem：Welded using ultrasonic wave or laser.Two methods can be formed accurately the profile required by weld seam (6).
Selection according to Fig. 4 material for reflecting element is the skilled selection of the present invention.In order to meet lightweight, high-precision
Degree and the main standard of long-life, according to the current understanding level of inventor, preferably following combination of materials：
The material of speculum pad
The ETFE of fluoro-containing copolymer film, particularly thickness between 100 μm and 150 μm；The sun light transmission of hyaline membrane (4)
Rate >=95%.Life-span：＞ 30 years.It is antifouling.It is that intensive falling object is not transparent (Hail-proof) as air cushion.Sputtered aluminum
Speculum is preferably applied on reflectance coating：This also allows ultraviolet sunshine to gather in focus, because film is for natural UV light
It is also highly transparent to compose (300-400nm).Therefore, mirror technology according to an aspect of the present invention is also admirably suitable for
With (generally preferable fixed placement) photochemistry and photocatalysis receiver corporation.
Mirror frame
For reasons of weight, if selection metal, selects aluminium.Most suitable also has non-metallic fibers composite wood
Material.
The material of pre-tensioned pipe
Due to it, the service life in the presence of light is long and coefficient of friction is low but preferable for ETFE pipes, therefore is easy to laterally
Ground and it is vertically movable so that mirror film is easier pre-tensioner under conditions of without folding line.
Pre-tensioned pipe (6) compensated generally in extensive control range due to the temperature change in environment and due to
Pressure change caused by film (4) elastic characteristic related to the temperature of (5) in pneumatic speculum.If there is any stream in film
Dynamic effect (flowing effect), it is also possible that correcting.
However, in order to exclude any flowing completely, reflectance coating (5) can be made in particular according to one aspect of the present invention
As flexibility, trellis enhancing composite construction.Fig. 5 schematically depict this composite construction.Fig. 5 diagrammatically illustrates this
Composite construction.(5) part for reflectance coating is represented, (9) represent visible grating texture, and (9a) is shown on its underside
The typical argyle design of the flexible grating texture, it realizes longitudinal direction and laterally upper good pre-tensioner.Generally may be used
With in the following manner, in particular according to the present situation of fluorine film technology effectively manufacture this film composite construction：Will be by high tension
Fiber made of the thin flat placement of grid, then by gel " liquid fluorine film " layer cover, to have any mesh
Fluctuation through.The fluorine side of film (5) is engaged through light full surface pressing with liquid paper tinsel surface (liquid foil surface)
And realize, and liquid film is changed into solid-state by evaporation solvent.
Except avoiding flowing effect when using such film, pre- exert pressure of speculum pad can select have this
The size of sample, i.e. even if strong wind action also will not significant impact element optical accuracy.According to an aspect of the present invention,
Pre-tensioned pipe (6) can also be used to realize a prior function：When using with the high-energy for being gathered in focus
During the solar energy parabola assembled of density, it may be necessary to " cut off " energy supply by radiation in a short time.Principle
Upper this can collect position by the way that speculum is quickly moved out into the sun, or by by protection screen (protective screen)
Radiation path is folded into realize.First option needs " quick Move Mode " complicated in speculum tracing system, and
Second method problems faced is to need to provide the protection screen with high heat load.In the present case, speculum
Geometry " can be neutralized (neutralised) " immediately by rapidly making pre-tensioned pipe deflate.
If applying the pressure of fluctuation to pipe (6), the vibration pad surface of target can be realized, according to one of the present invention
Aspect, can shaking off dust, dirt and snow by the vibration pad surface, (this results in the low surface adhesion of fluoro-containing copolymer film
Support).
By realizing the light weight (1-2kg/ of the light structures of film section similar to the design of model airplane wing
m2)。
Fig. 6 shows the partial cross section of this section.Except the section bar (3a, 3b) of the vertical and horizontal that have been described above, auxiliary
Help outside the film pad (1b) of section bar (8), upper transparent film (4) and bottom reflectance coating (5) and cydariform, show horizontal support
Part (3c).When unshowned pad (1b) and pipe (6) expand here, the horizontal support member passes through the horizontal stroke on the framework
Framework excessive deformation is prevented to convergent force.
For these reasons, although the section schematically shown in Fig. 6 has high optics matter with extremely light structure
Amount.Due to have selected the small size (weight) of section material framework consciously, but it is to the torsion rdativery sensitive on longitudinal direction.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the torsion sensitivity is converted into system advantage.Because each speculum section is installed in
As in lightweight, the antitorque truss (framework) of mirror support, therefore it make use of and installing in unitary construction
The ability of section is adjusted during to mirror support.
In the figure 7, in Fig. 4 mirror elements it is stated that cross section be supplemented with installation component (8a), the installation component
Mirror support truss structure (10) is connected to by length-adjustable pillar (8b).According to an aspect of the present invention, reflect
Multiple points of mirror segmented frame are connected to truss structure by this way.Focal plane is observed by visual observation, can be by this way
Finely tune each section.
So far described speculum section is used as baroreflex mirror because Pneumatic pressure be applied to upper transparent film and
Between the reflectance coating of bottom.This has the advantage that, i.e. speculum, which is protected from direct weather condition, to be influenceed, but by
Must pass twice through film (4) in ray can occur about 10% reflection loss.Optics aluminium lamination has about 90% albedo, this
It is about 80% to mean effective optical efficiency.
It is clear that the baroreflex mirror shown in Fig. 4 can also pass through section bar (3a) height in principle from Fig. 8
The adaptation of degree and be used as negative pressure speculum, this realizes 90% optical efficiency.Section bar (3a) height must be so selected,
That is, if applying the negative pressure related with focal length in the interval between hyaline membrane (4) and reflectance coating (5), reflectance coating (5) with it is transparent
Film (4) will not contact.
Fig. 9 diagrammatically illustrates eccentric, lightweight film parabola according to an aspect of the present invention, and it just has six
Individual section.
This six speculums are fastened to the mirror support in truss structure shape in a manner of being discussed.Parallel installation
The rotation axis of speculum extended by the center of turntable (11) and (in the Northern Hemisphere) point to Polaris.Sun tracing system
Angular speed therefore be 15 constant °/minute.Due to higher on focal plane to be projected in relatively small spatial angle range
Light concentration class, light passes through in the efficient cavity receiver (13) of pupil feed-in with focused spot diameter.As altitude of the sun (±
23.5 °) the seasonal tracking (12) of the speculum of the function of (elevation angle (elevation)) is achieved through the second rotation axis,
The horizontally extending center by turntable of second rotation axis.
Due to speculum and the light structures of mirror support, in the case of without complicated mechanical structure, anti-
The adjustment for penetrating the eccentric torsional moment occurred when mirror position changes and the elevation angle is possible.
The aggregation speculum pneumatically formed can reach about 3mrad surface quality.As shown in figure 9b, shown in Fig. 9
Speculum geometry can realize the intercept factor close to 100%.
The main object of the present invention is the great potential using the sun, is particularly used to divide in the village and residential block in south
Dissipate and use.Due to feature of the present invention, high performance optics of solar energy device can with low cost, lightweight, be easily installed
With the form application of the combination set (kit) of maintenance.These optics of solar energy devices can be autonomous place, quality of life and valency
Major contribution is made in value creation.
Therefore, it is widely applied scope-from the culinary art of round-the-clock solar energy to the water process of the UV light of aggregation, then to using
It is possibly realized in the operation of the simple Stirling engine of the energy, electric power and cooling.
Claims (21)
1. a kind of speculum for being used to assemble sunshine for solar facilities, the speculum include multiple ribbon sections, used
Incident sunshine is reflexed to the face of focus in formation,
Characterized in that,
These sections tangentially extend.
2. speculum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the speculum has section of different shapes.
3. speculum according to claim 2, it is characterised in that set ratio pushing up at the port of export of parabolic mirror
Narrower section at end.
4. the speculum according to any one of the claims, it is characterised in that the speculum is shaped to parabola
Speculum.
5. speculum according to any one of claim 1 to 3 a, it is characterised in that section, which has, deviates rotation throwing
The edge of the shape of object plane, and the particularly edge with arc section shape.
6. the speculum according to any one of the claims, it is characterised in that compared with complete rotary body, reflection
Mirror main body is provided with opening, and especially, the opening is arranged to account at least the 50% of the surface of the complete rotary body.
7. a kind of speculum for being used to assemble sunshine for solar facilities, the speculum include multiple sections, the section
The sunshine of incidence is reflexed to the surface of focus for being formed, in particular according to anti-any one of the claims
Penetrate mirror,
Characterized in that,
The section shows figuration, overvoltage relative to environmental pressure or negative pressure.
8. speculum according to claim 7, it is characterised in that a section has hyaline membrane and reflectance coating, wherein, institute
State hyaline membrane to be airtightly bonded with each other with the reflectance coating, particularly weld, to form bag.
9. the speculum according to claim 7 or 8 a, it is characterised in that section is provided with carriage.
10. the speculum according to any one of claim 7 to 9 a, it is characterised in that section is provided with inflatable
Tension element, especially manage, especially there is different interior pressure chambers along its circumference.
11. a kind of speculum for being used to assemble sunshine for solar facilities, the speculum include multiple sections, the section
The sunshine of incidence is reflexed to the surface of focus for being formed, in particular according to anti-any one of the claims
Penetrate mirror,
Characterized in that,
The section is made to the form of reflective pad using fluoro-containing copolymer film.
12. speculum according to claim 11, it is characterised in that reflective pad includes ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE).
13. the speculum according to claim 11 or 12, it is characterised in that using thickness between 50 μm to 200 μm, spy
It is not the hyaline membrane between 100 μm to 150 μm.
14. the speculum according to any one of claim 11 to 13, it is characterised in that the speculum includes having aluminium
The mirror coating of layer, the aluminium reflector particularly sputtered.
15. a kind of speculum for being used to assemble sunshine for solar facilities, the speculum include multiple sections, the section
The sunshine of incidence is reflexed to the surface of focus for being formed, in particular according to anti-any one of the claims
Penetrate mirror,
Characterized in that,
The section includes reflectance coating, wherein, the non-reflective dorsal part of the reflectance coating is provided with the grating texture of machinery enhancing.
16. speculum according to claim 15, it is characterised in that the grating texture is rhombus.
17. a kind of method for being used to run the solar facilities for including speculum, the speculum is used to set for the solar energy
Standby aggregation sunshine, the speculum include multiple sections, and the section is used to be formed reflexes to focus by the sunshine of incidence
Surface, be particularly used for the side for running the solar facilities for including speculum according to any one of the claims
Method,
Characterized in that,
In the emergency mode, the section can be deflated or inflated to reduce building-up effect.
18. a kind of method for being used to run the solar facilities for including speculum, the speculum is used to set for the solar energy
Standby aggregation sunshine, the speculum include multiple sections, and the section is used to be formed reflexes to focus by the sunshine of incidence
Surface, be particularly used for the side for running the solar facilities for including speculum according to any one of the claims
Method,
Characterized in that,
The section vibration is set to clean its surface by the air pressure of fluctuation.
19. a kind of solar facilities of the speculum including for assembling sunshine, in the solar facilities, the reflection
Mirror is fixed to the reflecting mirror support structure of truss-like and the sunshine of incidence is reflexed into focus, wherein, the speculum
Supporting construction is preferably equipped with motor-driven daily tracing system, and the daily tracing system is designed to, and makes described anti-
Mirror supporting construction is penetrated to rotate around rotation axis, to follow the trail of the direction of the change of incident sunshine,
Characterized in that,
When installing solar facilities, the rotation axis towards the Northern Hemisphere Polaris, wherein, the daily tracing system is set
It is set to, if to cause the speculum to be motorized, is rotated with the angular speed of 15 °/minute around the rotation axis, and
Wherein described focus and the receiver remains stationary in the focus.
20. solar facilities according to claim 20, it is characterised in that seasonal tracing system, the season are provided
The tracing system of section property is arranged to, and the speculum tilted at least 15 °, preferably at least 20 ° around tilt axis, be particularly
About 23.5 °, wherein, the tilt axis extend horizontally through the center of turntable.
21. a kind of solar facilities of the speculum including for assembling sunshine, in the solar facilities, the reflection
Mirror is fixed to the reflecting mirror support structure of truss-like and the sunshine of incidence is reflexed into focus, wherein, the speculum
Supporting construction is preferably equipped with motor-driven daily tracing system, and the daily tracing system is designed to, and makes described anti-
Mirror supporting construction is penetrated to rotate around rotation axis, to follow the trail of the direction of the change of incident sunshine,
Characterized in that,
Being provided with includes the control system of focus sensor, controller and deformation motor, wherein, the controller have with it is described
The data of focus sensor are connected and are connected with the operation of the deformation motor, wherein, the controller is arranged to, and is running
In, the focus for the sunshine being aggregated is maintained at by desired value by the deformation of at least one section of the speculum.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015005221.7 | 2015-04-23 | ||
| DE102015005221 | 2015-04-23 | ||
| PCT/DE2015/000386 WO2016169537A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 | 2015-08-04 | Mirror for concentrating sunlight for a solar power installation, method for operating a solar power installation and solar power installation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107810371A true CN107810371A (en) | 2018-03-16 |
| CN107810371B CN107810371B (en) | 2021-08-24 |
Family
ID=54608212
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201580081214.9A Active CN107810371B (en) | 2015-04-23 | 2015-08-04 | Solar power plant mirror for concentrating sunlight, method for operating a solar power plant, and solar power plant |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107810371B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2015392197B2 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE102015009859A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016169537A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108717223A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-10-30 | 上海交通大学 | It is tensioned platform and is tensioned platform combination device with Film Optics shape face |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109813754B (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2022-06-28 | 浙江可胜技术股份有限公司 | System and method for measuring and optimizing heat absorber truncation efficiency |
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- 2015-08-04 DE DE102015009859.4A patent/DE102015009859A1/en active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2016169537A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
| DE102015009859A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
| CN107810371B (en) | 2021-08-24 |
| DE112015006473A5 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
| AU2015392197B2 (en) | 2021-07-29 |
| AU2015392197A1 (en) | 2017-12-14 |
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