CN107792330A

CN107792330A - Ship rudder

Info

Publication number: CN107792330A
Application number: CN201610868667.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 新井洋; 西浦智成; 高岸宪玺
Original assignee: IHI Marine United Inc
Current assignee: IHI Marine United Inc; Japan Marine United Corp
Priority date: 2016-09-06
Filing date: 2016-09-30
Publication date: 2018-03-13
Also published as: KR20180027301A; JP6203349B1; KR101877125B1; JP2018039322A

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of ship rudder, it can reduce caused by the rudder power being subject to as rudder bending stress caused by pintle periphery, and resistance of rudder when reducing advance.The rudder pars intermedia (20) of rudder (13) can swingingly be installed on rudder bearer (12) via pintle (16).Rudder pars intermedia (20) is the pintle fixed part (21) that pintle (16) is fixed on to rudder (13), or the most short string portion (22) of rudder (13).Ship is also equipped with rudder ball (14) with rudder (10), and the rudder ball (14) is located at the axle center height of propeller (8), and is heaved from rudder bearer (12) or rudder (13) along normal direction.At least a portion of rudder ball (14) is integrally formed with rudder pars intermedia (20).

Description

Ship rudder

Technical field

The present invention relates to the ship rudder set in the propeller dead astern of ship, more specifically, it is related to navigation (mariner) the slim rudder of type.

Background technology

Most of ships have a rudder (hereinafter referred to as " ship rudder ") in water, and by rudder come change the flowing of current with Change or regulation direct of travel.Ship is arranged on rudder near the hull bottom of afterbody, can be changed relative to hull to left and right The angle of central shaft.In the ship with propeller, most of rudders are located at propeller dead astern, and by changing in the lateral direction The direction of strong current caused by the propeller become in forward rotation changes the direction of hull.

Ship rudder has all kinds such as mounted model (hanging rudder type), navigation type, bottom pintle type.

Wherein, the rudder of navigation type has a rudder bearer (rudder horn) being supported to rudder, and by will be to direction The pintle (pintle) for rudder stock (rudder stock) and the rudder bearer link being supported at the top of rudder and rotate.

The rudder of above-mentioned navigation type for example obtains disclosure in patent document 1~3.

Prior art literature

Patent document

Patent document 1：Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2006-193041 publications；

Patent document 2：Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2005-247122 publications；

Patent document 3：No. 2013/122113 publication of International Publication.

The content of the invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

The rudder of navigation type is supported, the rudder power (water being subject to by rudder via the rudder stock at the top of rudder and pintle with rudder bearer Pressure) caused by moment of flexure at pintle periphery for maximum.

Therefore, in order to reduce the bending stress in the rudder generation on pintle periphery, it is necessary to rudder by making pintle periphery Thickness becomes greatly to ensure rigidity.

In addition, in order to which pintle nut (pintle is fixed on rudder by it) is configured in rudder, it is also desirable to make pintle The rudder on periphery is thick to become big.

In addition, the propelling resistance as caused by rudder (hereinafter referred to as " resistance of rudder ") by rudder surface bumps (smoothness) significantly Influence.Therefore, all the time, from the top of ship rudder (upper end) to bottom (lower end), the rudder on ship rudder is thick, by rudder The rudder on bolt periphery is thick to be used as benchmark, and rudder thickness is determined in a manner of not producing discontinuity point to bottom (lower end) from top (upper end).

In the navigation of ship, shared ratio of advancing is big, and resistance of rudder during advance is proportional to rudder thickness.Therefore, upper In the rudder for stating navigation type, resistance of rudder when ship advances is big, it is expected to reduce the resistance of rudder all the time.

The present invention is created to meet such a expectation.That is, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ship rudder, its Reduce because of rudder power that rudder is subject in bending stress caused by pintle periphery, pintle nut can be configured, and can drop Resistance of rudder during low advance.

The solution used to solve the problem

According to the present invention, there is provided a kind of ship rudder, it possesses：

Rudder bearer, it configures the rear propeller in ship；

Rudder, its rudder pars intermedia are installed on the rudder bearer via pintle, and can be using the axle center of the pintle as center To swing；With

Rudder ball (rudder バ Le Block), it is located at the axle center height of propeller, and from the rudder bearer or the rudder along normal direction Heave,

At least a portion of the rudder ball is integrally formed with the rudder pars intermedia.

The rudder pars intermedia is the pintle fixed part that the pintle is fixed on to the rudder, or the rudder Most short string portion.

The rudder bearer has the pintle bearing portion for rotatably supporting the pintle,

The rudder ball includes the fixation ball located at the rudder bearer and the swing ball located at the rudder,

The fixed ball includes the pintle bearing portion,

The swing ball includes the pintle fixed part or the most short string portion.

The lower end of the rudder bearer is located at the axle center highly or near it.

The most short string portion is located at the axle center highly or near it.

The rudder ball is located at the rudder, and the pintle nut that the pintle is fixed on to the rudder is located at the axle The heart is highly or near it.

The rudder bearer and the rudder in addition to the rudder ball are in the rudder at fore-and-aft direction same position since leading edge The thick of rudder ball is thin described in thickness rate, and with the shape being connected with the outer surface smoother of the rudder ball.

The rudder ball has from rudder surface along the horizontally extending fin in beam direction, and the fin, which produces, has the ship The lift of the direct of travel component of oceangoing ship.

Invention effect

According to the composition of the invention described above, the axle center height of propeller is located at due to possessing and from rudder bearer or rudder along normal side To the rudder ball heaved, therefore the propulsive efficiency of propeller can be improved.

On the one hand, on rudder pars intermedia, due to supporting rudder using rudder bearer via pintle, therefore the partial action by Maximal bending moment caused by rudder power, thus cause the situation of problem more in terms of structural strength.

But be integrally formed according to the composition of the present invention, at least a portion and the rudder pars intermedia of rudder ball, thus by making Rudder ball position is alignd with maximal bending moment generating unit, and section is rigid to be ensured to become easy, can reduce caused stress.

Being additionally, since can set in addition to rudder ball in the case of not by the influence for the part for producing maximal bending moment Rudder, therefore the overall rudder of rudder in addition to rudder ball can be made thick compared with the past thin.

So as to, according to the present invention, reduce because of rudder power that rudder is subject to and in bending stress caused by pintle periphery, can Resistance of rudder when configuring pintle nut, and can reduce advance.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the monolithically fabricated figure of conventional ship rudder；

Fig. 2 is the perspective view (A) and front view (B) of Fig. 1 ship rudder；

Fig. 3 is the computation model figure of ship rudder；

Fig. 4 is the side view for the first embodiment for showing the ship rudder according to the present invention；

Fig. 5 is the enlarged drawing of Fig. 4 ship rudder；

Fig. 6 is Fig. 5 partial section；

Fig. 7 is the side view for the second embodiment for showing the ship rudder according to the present invention；

Fig. 8 is the perspective view (A) and front view (B) of Fig. 7 ship rudder；

Fig. 9 is the side view for the 3rd embodiment for showing the ship rudder according to the present invention；

Figure 10 is the perspective view (A) and front view (B) of Fig. 9 ship rudder；

Figure 11 is the figure of one for showing the thick relation with propelling resistance of rudder.

Embodiment

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention are illustrated based on accompanying drawing.In addition, common part is accompanied by the various figures identical Symbol, and the repetitive description thereof will be omitted.

First, conventional example is illustrated.

Fig. 1 is monolithically fabricated figure of the conventional ship with rudder 1.In the figure, ship rudder 1 is the rudder of navigation type, is had Rudder bearer 2, rudder 3 (rudder plate) and rudder ball 4.

Rudder bearer 2 is configured near the substantial middle from the stern hull bottom of hull 5 to rudder 3.Rudder bearer 2 is supported to rudder The rudder stock 6 that 3 top is supported and the pintle 7 of the substantially central portion setting in rudder 3.

In addition, in the figure, 5a is baseline, and 8 be propeller, and 8a is the center line (propeller center line) of propeller 8,9 For pintle 7 to be fixed on to the pintle nut of rudder 3.

Fig. 2 is the perspective view (A) and front view (B) of Fig. 1 ship rudder 1.

As shown in the drawing, in conventional ship with rudder 1, the thickness of rudder bearer 2 is from its top (upper end) to bottom (lower end) Formed substantially in the same manner with the rudder thickness on pintle periphery.

In addition, the lower end of rudder bearer 2 is (about 1/2 height of total height) near the center of rudder 3, and it is located at direction Near the centre of form of rudder 3.In this case, the lower end of rudder bearer 2 is located at from the total of propeller center line 8a range direction rudders 3 upward The ship of about 1/6~1/4 or so height of height is more.

In addition, the rudder thickness of rudder 3 be connected at the part of rudder bearer 2 in a manner of concavo-convex not from rudder bearer 2 with Rudder bearer 2 is roughly equal, is gradually thinly formed at lower section compared with the lower end of rudder bearer 2.

In addition, in conventional ship with rudder 1, rudder ball 4 is located at rudder 3 generally at the axle center height of propeller 8, and With the shape heaved from the outer surface of rudder 3 along normal direction.

In addition, in conventional ship with rudder 1, rudder ball 4 is not essential, and situation about being omitted is also more.

Fig. 3 is the computation model figure of ship rudder 1, and (A) is side view, and (B) is illustraton of model, and (C) is shearing stress diagram, (D) It is bending moment diagram.In the figure, X shows the fore-and-aft direction of ship rudder 1, and Z shows the above-below direction of ship rudder 1.

In Fig. 3 (A), rudder stock 6 is supported at A points and B points, and rudder 3 is also supported at C points.In the figure In, the length (height) from C points to D points is set to L.Length L in the prior embodiment for rudder 3 total height about 1/2 with On.

In Fig. 3 (B) illustraton of model, ship rudder 1 and rudder stock 6 are shown as a beam ABCD.Beam ABCD is using only to A points (S1) and B points (S2) the simple support deformed into row constraint, be flexibly supported at C points.In addition, from rudder 3 Upper end to C points (S3), and from C point to lower end (D points) acts on certain rudder power respectively.In this example, will be from C point to lower end The rudder power of (D points) is set to P.

From Fig. 3 (C) shearing stress diagram, it is to be understood that the shearing force for acting on beam ABCD is maximum shear stress Qmax at C points.

Maximum shear stress Qmax per unit widths can use Qmax=P L (1) to represent.

In addition, the bending moment diagram from Fig. 3 (D), it is to be understood that the moment of flexure for acting on beam ABCD is maximal bending moment Mmax at C points.

Maximal bending moment Mmax per unit widths can use Mmax=0.5P L²(2) represent.

In ship with rudder 1, as from Fig. 3 (C) (D) it will be apparent that shearing caused by the rudder power P being subject to as rudder 3 Power and moment of flexure are maximum on pintle periphery.

Therefore, in order to reduce the shear stress occurred on pintle periphery and bending stress, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, it is necessary to make The rudder on pintle periphery is thick to become big.

In addition, in order to which pintle nut 9 (pintle 7 is fixed on rudder 3 by it) is configured in rudder, it is also desirable to make rudder The rudder on bolt periphery is thick to become big.

In addition, the propelling resistance as caused by rudder (hereinafter referred to as " resistance of rudder ") by rudder surface bumps (smoothness) significantly Influence.Therefore, all the time, from the top (upper end) to bottom (lower end) of ship rudder 1, the thick thickness with pintle periphery of rudder is made Formed substantially in the same manner.

As a result, conventional ship is thick big with the rudder of rudder 1, resistance of rudder when ship advances is big.

Fig. 4 is the side view for showing the ship first embodiment of rudder 10 according to the present invention.

In the figure, ship rudder 10 of the invention be Ma Linna types slim rudder, possess rudder bearer 12, rudder 13 and Rudder ball 14.

Rudder bearer 12 configures the rear propeller in ship.

In rudder 13, rudder pars intermedia 20 is installed on rudder bearer 12 via pintle 16, and with can be by the axle of pintle 16 Heart Z-Z is formed as the mode of pivot.

In this example, rudder 13 is installed on the top linking part 18 and bottom linking part 17 of rudder bearer 12.Bottom linking part 17 be the end portion positioned at rudder bearer 12 and rearward prominent part, is pintle bearing portions.The rotation of bottom linking part 17 is certainly Such as support the top of pintle 16.

In addition, the top of rudder bearer 12 is the upper bearing part of rudder stock 15.

In this example, rudder stock 15 aligns with the axle center Z-Z of pintle 16, the steering gear extended in ship, and with energy It is enough steering gear to be made up of axle center Z-Z by way of pivot.

Rudder ball 14 is located at the axle center height of propeller 8, is heaved from rudder bearer 12 or rudder 13 along normal direction.Rudder ball 14 External surface shape is streamlined, and is set in a manner of improving the propulsive efficiency of propeller 8.

In addition, in the figure, 19 be the pintle nut for pintle 16 to be fixed on to rudder 13, positioned in rudder 13 The space that inside is set.The inner space is for pintle nut 19 to be installed on into pintle 16 and the working space unloaded from it.

In Fig. 4, at least a portion of rudder ball 14 is integrally formed with rudder pars intermedia 20.Rudder pars intermedia is represented with dotted line frame 20。

Fig. 5 is the enlarged drawing of Fig. 4 ship rudder 10, and Fig. 6 is Fig. 5 partial section.

In figure 6, (A) (B) (C) (D) is Fig. 5 Section A-A figure, section B-B figure, C-C sectional views, D-D sectional views.

In Figure 5, rudder pars intermedia 20 is the pintle fixed part 21 that the bottom of pintle 16 is fixed on to rudder 13, or direction The most short string portion 22 of rudder 13.That is, rudder pars intermedia 20 be one of pintle fixed part 21 and most short string portion 22 or the two.Pintle is consolidated Determine the part that portion 21 preferably includes pintle nut 19.

In Figure 5, the lower end 12a of rudder bearer 12 is located at the axle center of propeller 8 highly or near it.

By this composition, the total height of rudder 3 can will be set as about from C points to the length L of D points in Fig. 3 Less than 1/3, the maximum shear stress Qmax and maximal bending moment Mmax for acting on pintle periphery can be greatly reduced.

In Figure 5, rudder ball 14 includes fixed ball 14a and swings ball 14b.Fixed ball 14a is set with being fixed on the bottom of rudder bearer 12 Put, be the top forward portion of rudder ball 14.It is rudder in addition, swinging the ground of rudder pars intermedia 20 setting that ball 14b is fixed on rudder 13 The bottom forward portion and rear portion of ball 14.

In Fig. 6 (C), the fixation ball 14a of rudder bearer 12 is integrally formed with the bottom linking part 17 comprising rudder bearer bearing portion. In addition, in the figure, omit the display of the pad, bushing that form the sliding surface of pintle 16.

In Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 (C), the ball 14b that swings of rudder 13 includes pintle fixed part 21 and most short string portion 22 at least A part and be integrally formed.Most short string portion 22 is the part of the maximal bending moment Mmax effects in Fig. 3, thus tool is preferably used There is the material of high yield stress.

In Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 (C), pintle nut 19 can be configured, and for the caused maximum shear in ball 14b is swung Power Qmax and maximal bending moment Mmax, set in a manner of being less than allowable stress in shear stress caused by the part and bending stress Swing ball 14b size (heaving).

In addition, as in Fig. 6 (C) as thick dashed line b is shown, as long as swing ball 14b caused by shear stress and Bending stress is less than allowable stress, it is possible to reasonably lightweight.

In Fig. 6 (A), rudder 13 has rudder stock fixed part 23, and rudder stock fixed part 23 fixes the bottom of rudder stock 15 In rudder 13.Rudder stock fixed part 23 also preferably uses the material with high yield stress in the same manner as swing ball 14b.

As apparent from Figure 3, the shearing force at rudder stock fixed part 23 (the B points equivalent to Fig. 3) place and moment of flexure with it is most short String portion 22 compares significantly small.Thus, it is possible to make the rudder thickness of the rudder 13 in Fig. 6 (A) big compared with pintle fixed part 21 Width it is thin.

Shearing force and moment of flexure at Fig. 5 section B-B and D-D sections is significantly small compared with most short string portion 22.So as to, The rudder thickness of the rudder 13 in Fig. 6 (B) (D) can be made significantly thin compared with rudder pars intermedia 20 and pintle fixed part 21.

I.e., in this example, the rudder bearer 12 in addition to rudder ball 14 and rudder 13 are in the same position of fore-and-aft direction since leading edge It is thin to put the thick of place's rudder thickness rate rudder ball 14, and with the shape being connected with the outer surface smoother of rudder ball 14.Here, " being smoothly connected " refers to " smoothly connecting ".

So as in accordance with the invention it is possible to reduce caused by the rudder power being subject to as rudder 13 curved caused by pintle periphery Transverse stress, and resistance of rudder when reducing advance.

Fig. 7 is the side view for showing the ship second embodiment of rudder 10 according to the present invention.In addition, Fig. 8 is Fig. 7 The perspective view (A) and front view (B) of ship rudder 10.

In Fig. 7, Fig. 8, bottom linking part 17 and most short string portion 22 are located at the axle center of propeller 8 highly or near it.

By this composition, the total height of rudder 13 can will be set as about from C points to the length L of D points in Fig. 3 Less than 1/3, the maximum shear stress Qmax and maximal bending moment for acting on pintle periphery can be reduced compared with first embodiment Mmax。

Other compositions are identical with first embodiment.

This example due to most short string portion 22 and rudder ball 14 be located at sustained height or its near, therefore particularly suitable for based on most short string portion 22 detailing requiments, the thick situation about determining of maximum rudder.

Fig. 9 is the side view for showing ship the 3rd embodiment of rudder 10 according to the present invention.In addition, Figure 10 is Fig. 9 Ship rudder 10 perspective view (A) and front view (B).

In Fig. 9, Tu10Zhong, rudder ball 14 is located at rudder 13, and pintle 16 is fixed on to 19, the pintle nut of rudder 13 Near the axle center of propeller 8 height or its.

This example includes the part of pintle nut 19 due to rudder ball 14, therefore particularly suitable for based on by the side of being contained in of pintle nut 19 Desired physical considerations into rudder, the thick situation about determining of maximum rudder.

In addition, in this example, rudder ball 14 has from rudder surface along the horizontally extending fin 24 in beam direction.

Fin 24 produces the lift of the direct of travel component with ship.

In addition, fin 24 is not limited to this example, it can also be located at the fixation ball 14a of first, second embodiment and swing ball One of 14b or the two.

Figure 11 is the figure for showing the thick relation with resistance coefficient of the wing in general air foil shape.

In the figure, transverse axis is the blade thickness ratio rate t/c (%) relative to chord length, and the longitudinal axis is resistance coefficient Cd (-).In addition, figure In white circular and dotted line be the coarse situation of wing surface, dark circles and solid line are the smooth situation of wing surface.

It can be seen from the figure, such as in the case where wing surface is coarse, if blade thickness ratio rate t/c reduces the wing from 22% to 12% Thickness, the then single drag reduction of the wing about 20%.

In addition, Figure 11 is the resistance coefficient of aerofoil profile, rather than the figure of the resistance of rudder is directly shown.

Although different according to ship species relative to the resistance of rudder of hull resistance, about 1~7% is known as.

As described above, according to the composition of the present invention, the axle center height of propeller 8 is located at due to possessing and from rudder bearer 2 or just The rudder ball 14 heaved to rudder 13 along normal direction, therefore the propulsive efficiency of propeller 8 can be improved.

On the one hand, on rudder pars intermedia 20, due to supporting rudder 13 using rudder bearer 12 via pintle 16, therefore in the portion It is allocated as with the maximal bending moment Mmax as caused by rudder power.

But be integrally formed according to the composition of the present invention, at least a portion and the rudder pars intermedia 20 of rudder ball 14, thus it is logical Crossing makes rudder ball position be alignd to maximal bending moment generating unit, and section is rigid to be ensured to become easy, can reduce caused stress.

Being additionally, since can set except rudder ball in the case of not by the influence for the part for producing maximal bending moment Mmax Rudder 13 outside 14, therefore the overall rudder of the rudder in addition to rudder ball 14 can be made thick compared with the past thin.

So as to according to the present invention, reduce because of rudder power that rudder 13 is subject to and in bending stress caused by pintle periphery, energy Resistance of rudder when enough configuring pintle nut 19, and can reduce advance.

In addition, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment certainly, can add without departing from the scope of the subject in the invention With various changes.

Symbol description

Mmax maximal bending moments

Qmax maximum shear stress

Z-Z axle center

1 ship rudder

2 rudder bearers

3 rudders (rudder plate)

4 rudder balls

5 hulls

5a baselines

6 rudder stocks

7 pintles

8 propellers

8a propeller center lines

9 pintle nuts

10 ship rudders

12 rudder bearers

The lower end of 12a rudder bearers

13 rudders (rudder plate)

14 rudder balls

14a fixes ball

14b swings ball

15 rudder stocks

16 pintles

17 bottom linking parts

18 top linking parts

19 pintle nuts

20 rudder pars intermedias

21 pintle fixed parts

22 most short string portions

23 rudder stock fixed parts

24 fins

Claims

1. a kind of ship rudder, it possesses：

Rudder bearer, it configures the rear propeller in ship；

Rudder ball, it is located at the axle center height of propeller, and is heaved from the rudder bearer or the rudder along normal direction,

2. ship rudder according to claim 1, the rudder pars intermedia is that the pintle is fixed on into the rudder Pintle fixed part, or the most short string portion of the rudder.

3. ship rudder according to claim 2,

The fixed ball includes the pintle bearing portion,

The swing ball includes the pintle fixed part or the most short string portion.

4. ship rudder according to claim 2, the lower end of the rudder bearer is located at the axle center highly or near it.

5. ship rudder according to claim 2, the most short string portion is located at the axle center highly or near it.

6. ship rudder according to claim 2, the rudder ball is located at the rudder, the pintle is fixed on described The pintle nut of rudder is located at the axle center highly or near it.

7. ship rudder according to claim 1, the rudder bearer and the rudder in addition to the rudder ball are in the past The thick that edge starts rudder ball described in rudder thickness rate at fore-and-aft direction same position is thin, and with the outer surface with the rudder ball Smoothly connected shape.

8. ship rudder according to claim 1, the rudder ball has horizontally extending from rudder surface along beam direction Fin, the fin produce the lift of the direct of travel component with the ship.