CN107777987A - 一种无机材料‑金属复合防火保温板及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种无机材料‑金属复合防火保温板及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无机材料‑金属复合防火保温板及其制造方法,它由无机材料保温层和金属饰面层组成,无机材料保温层由无机轻骨料和浆料混合压制成型,金属饰面层是铝合金轧制薄板,是一种彩色喷涂板。金属饰面层与保温层之间采用胶粘剂粘合压制成型为一体复合结构。保温层由多种天然无机矿物质复合材料按一定配比混合而成,因而具有无毒、无味、不腐蚀、不可燃、隔热保温等良好性能,采用铝合金彩色喷涂板作为饰面层,不但具有良好的阻燃防火、防水、防开裂功能,使建筑物墙体和保温层得到有效防护,而且具用装饰美化环境的感观效果。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于建筑物防火保温材料技术领域,特别是涉及一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板及其制造方法。
背景技术:
传统的的外墙保温材料大多采用聚苯板、挤塑板、聚氨酯等易燃材料或保温砂浆材料,并采取隔热保温层和饰面层相结合的复合型结构,其施工方法一般是在承重墙体之外,利用粘结剂、钢丝网或玻璃纤维网格布、加固钉和隔热保温材料制作粘附保温层,待其凝结之后,再在其处表做加强层、抗裂层,最后再涂敷涂料或粘贴瓷砖等防护装饰材料。这样的隔热保温方式存在多方面的缺陷,如:
1、承重墙、隔热保温层和饰面层相互之间结合不牢固,如采用涂料饰面容易褪色,如表层贴瓷砖,则瓷砖自重较大,且容易开裂、脱落,不但加大了墙体的整体重量,而且维修困难(特别是高层建筑),安全隐患多,使用寿命短,保温层得不到有效保护。
2、由于保温层采用的有机材料阻燃系数低,防火性能差,容易引发火灾,特别在发生火灾时释放大量有毒气体,严重污染环境,给社会经济及人民生命材产安全都带来严重的危害。
3、保温层和饰面层粘敷施工工序烦琐,施工周期长,成本高,质量无法保证,影响墙体保温质量和材料的使用寿命。
4、有机材料保温层难于与无机材料墙体粘接成牢固,需要采用昂贵的粘结剂以及制作钢丝网辅助固定层,施工难度大,工程式造价高,同时易产生热桥,降低保温效果。
近年来,全国各地相继发生因外来火源引燃外墙保温板的火灾,造成重大的人员伤亡和财产损失,其根本原因是外墙保温板用的材料具有可燃性。为此,住房城乡建设部和公安部于2009年9月25日联合发布了《民用建筑外保温系统及外墙装饰防火暂行规定》公通字[2009]46号文通知,要求:住宅建筑:建筑高度大于100米以上,保温材料的燃烧性能应为A级;其他民用建筑: 建筑高度大于50米需要设置A级防火材料;其他民用建筑: 24≤高度<50可使用A1级,也可使用防火隔离带。
随着我国经济的发展,需要消耗大量能源,能源短缺对我国的经济发展是一个根本性的制约因素,同时,开展建筑节能,不仅改善室内环境,使室内热环境不仅更稳定,而且更舒适,进而大大提高居住环境的水平。我国于2006年1月1日起正式执行《建筑节能管理规定》,以加强民用建筑节能管理,提高能源利用效率。
国家有关部门在建筑材料和施工技术方面付出极大的努力, 并不断研发出各种新的保温材料和技术,但是总体效果还是不太理想。
发明内容:
针对上述问题,为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种集装饰功能和防火保温功能于一体,具有质轻、高强、保温隔热及粘接牢固等特点的无机材料-金属复合防火保温板及其制造方法。
本发明所采取的技术方案是:
一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板,它由无机材料保温层和金属饰面层组成,无机材料保温层由无机轻骨料和浆料混合压制成型,金属饰面层是铝合金轧制薄板,是一种彩色喷涂板。金属饰面层与保温层之间采用胶粘剂粘合压制成型为一体复合结构。
所述复合防火保温板为矩形或多边形,其厚度为15mm-80mm。
所述无机轻骨料是由浆料和芯料制成,芯料与浆料按容积比为1∶1-1.8。
所述浆料是按重量比由以下组份混合而成:硫酸铝25-35份、磷酸铝25-35份、硬脂酸钙10-20份、硬脂酸铝10-20份、木质纤维素5-15份、水150-250份。
所述芯料采用憎水膨胀珍珠岩颗粒料,珍珠岩的粒度为1mm-4mm。所述憎水膨胀珍珠岩按重量比由以下组份混合而成:膨胀珍珠岩 75-85份、防水剂20-25份和增强剂5-15份。
所述保温层中无机轻骨料与浆料的配比按容积比为:浆料∶无机轻骨料=1∶2-4.5。
本发明还提供了一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
1、取膨胀珍珠岩 75-85份、防水剂20-25份和增强剂5-15份混合搅拌均匀,制成改性憎水膨胀珍珠岩颗粒,作为芯料备用;
2、分别取硫酸铝、磷酸铝、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸铝和木质纤维素,并分别将它们粉碎,通过筛分制备成粒度为180~250目的粉末,然后按重量比取硫酸铝25-35份、磷酸铝25-35份、硬脂酸钙10-20份、硬脂酸铝10-20份、木质纤维素5-15份加入容器进行混合搅拌均匀后,加入150-250份水搅拌制成浆料。该浆料一部分用于保温层无机轻骨料的制作,另一部分用于保温层压制成型时的凝结剂。
3、按容积比为芯料:浆料=1∶1-1.8的配比,取制备的憎水膨胀珍珠岩颗粒芯料与浆料进行混合搅拌,浆料的加入采用在搅拌的过程中不断流方式加入。这样使得浆料能够较均匀地裹覆在芯料表面,然后自然风干,直到芯料外部形成一层硬壳,这就制成了无机轻骨料。
4、保温层压制成型,按容积比为浆料:无机轻骨料=1:2-4.5的比例,取浆料和无机轻骨料均匀混合,然后放置到保温层模具中,通过压力机压制成型,脱模制成保温层成型湿坯备用;
5、将铝合金彩色喷涂板按照成型尺寸要求切割成型,作为饰面板备用;
6、饰面层与保温层粘合压制成型,将切割成型的饰面层置于复合成型压制模具中,并均匀刷涂无机不燃胶粘剂,然后取压制成型的保温层成型湿坯置于其上,再通过复合成型压力机压制,制成墙面型材湿坯;
7、低温烘干制成成品。将复合防火保温板湿坯在50~80℃温度条件下,烘干8~12小时,即制成本发明的一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板。
本发明的一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板,保温层由多种天然无机矿物质复合材料按一定配比混合而成,因而具有无毒、无味、不腐蚀、不可燃、隔热保温等良好性能,采用铝合金彩色喷涂板作为饰面层,不但具有良好的阻燃防火、防水、防开裂功能,使建筑物墙体和保温层得到有效防护,而且具用装饰美化环境的感观效果。
本发明的一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板其保温层采用无机高强保温轻骨料作为主要材料,其容重只有205~245kg /m3,导热系数至0.051~0.055W/(m·K),因此该保温轻骨料明显优于传统的保温材料,具有容重小,闭孔率高、保温性能好、抗压强度高、亲和力强、 不开裂、收缩率小、施工方便等优点。使用本发明的复合防火保温板,不仅能大大减轻建筑墙体的总体重量,还能有效的避免其使用过程中的开裂、脱落现象,有效防止安全事故发生。使用该复合防火保温板,饰面保温一次完成,因而便于施工、节省工时、缩短施工周期,降低工程费用。
附图说明:
图1为本发明的一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板结构示意图。
具体实施方式:
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1:
一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板,它由无机材料保温层和金属饰面层组成,无机材料保温层由无机轻骨料和浆料混合压制成型,金属饰面层是铝合金轧制薄板,是一种彩色喷涂板。金属饰面层与保温层之间采用胶粘剂粘合压制成型为一体复合结构。
所述复合防火保温板为矩形,其厚度为15mm。
所述无机轻骨料是由浆料和芯料制成,芯料与浆料按容积比为1∶1.1。
所述浆料是按重量比由以下组份混合而成:硫酸铝25份、磷酸铝30份、硬脂酸钙10份、硬脂酸铝10份、木质纤维素5份、水165份。
所述芯料采用憎水膨胀珍珠岩颗粒料,珍珠岩的粒度为1mm-4mm。所述憎水膨胀珍珠岩按重量比由以下组份混合而成:膨胀珍珠岩 75份、防水剂20份和增强剂5份。
所述保温层中无机轻骨料与浆料的配比按容积比为:浆料∶无机轻骨料=1∶2
本实施例中,一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
1、取膨胀珍珠岩75份、防水剂20份和增强剂5份混合搅拌均匀,制成改性憎水膨胀珍珠岩颗粒,作为芯料备用;
2、分别取硫酸铝、磷酸铝、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸铝和木质纤维素,并分别将它们粉碎,通过筛分制备成粒度为180~200目的粉末,然后按重量比取硫酸铝25份、磷酸铝30份、硬脂酸钙10份、硬脂酸铝10份、木质纤维素5份加入容器进行混合搅拌均匀后,加入165份水搅拌制成浆料。该浆料一部分用于保温层无机轻骨料的制作,另一部分用于保温层压制成型时的凝结剂。
3、按容积比为芯料:浆料=1∶1-1.1的配比,取制备的憎水膨胀珍珠岩颗粒芯料与浆料进行混合搅拌,浆料的加入采用在搅拌的过程中不断流方式加入。这样使得浆料能够较均匀地裹覆在芯料表面,然后自然风干,直到芯料外部形成一层硬壳,这就制成了无机轻骨料。
4、保温层压制成型,按容积比为浆料:无机轻骨料=1:2的比例,取浆料和无机轻骨料均匀混合,然后放置到保温层模具中,通过压力机压制成型,脱模制成保温层成型湿坯备用;
5、将铝合金彩色喷涂板按照成型尺寸要求切割成型,作为饰面板备用;
6、饰面层与保温层粘合压制成型,将切割成型的饰面层置于复合成型压制模具中,并均匀刷涂无机不燃胶粘剂,然后取压制成型的保温层成型湿坯置于其上,再通过复合成型压力机压制,制成墙面型材湿坯;
7、低温烘干制成成品。将复合防火保温板湿坯在60℃温度条件下,烘干11小时,即制成本发明的一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板。
实施例2:
一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板,它由无机材料保温层和金属饰面层组成,无机材料保温层由无机轻骨料和浆料混合压制成型,金属饰面层是铝合金轧制薄板,是一种彩色喷涂板。金属饰面层与保温层之间采用胶粘剂粘合压制成型为一体复合结构。
所述复合防火保温板为矩形,其厚度为30mm。
所述无机轻骨料是由浆料和芯料制成,芯料与浆料按容积比为1∶1.5。
所述浆料是按重量比由以下组份混合而成:硫酸铝30份、磷酸铝35份、硬脂酸钙18份、硬脂酸铝18份、木质纤维素8份、水200份。
所述芯料采用憎水膨胀珍珠岩颗粒料,珍珠岩的粒度为1mm-4mm。所述憎水膨胀珍珠岩按重量比由以下组份混合而成:膨胀珍珠岩 82份、防水剂22份和增强剂10份。
所述保温层中无机轻骨料与浆料的配比按容积比为:浆料∶无机轻骨料=1∶3.5。
本实施例中,一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
1、取膨胀珍珠岩82份、防水剂22份和增强剂10份混合搅拌均匀,制成改性憎水膨胀珍珠岩颗粒,作为芯料备用;
2、分别取硫酸铝、磷酸铝、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸铝和木质纤维素,并分别将它们粉碎,通过筛分制备成粒度为180~220目的粉末,然后按重量比取硫酸铝30份、磷酸铝35份、硬脂酸钙18份、硬脂酸铝18份、木质纤维素8份加入容器进行混合搅拌均匀后,加入200份水搅拌制成浆料。该浆料一部分用于保温层无机轻骨料的制作,另一部分用于保温层压制成型时的凝结剂。
3、按容积比为芯料:浆料=1∶1-1.35的配比,取制备的憎水膨胀珍珠岩颗粒芯料与浆料进行混合搅拌,浆料的加入采用在搅拌的过程中不断流方式加入。这样使得浆料能够较均匀地裹覆在芯料表面,然后自然风干,直到芯料外部形成一层硬壳,这就制成了无机轻骨料。
4、保温层压制成型,按容积比为浆料:无机轻骨料=1:4的比例,取浆料和无机轻骨料均匀混合,然后放置到保温层模具中,通过压力机压制成型,脱模制成保温层成型湿坯备用;
5、将铝合金彩色喷涂板按照成型尺寸要求切割成型,作为饰面板备用;
6、饰面层与保温层粘合压制成型,将切割成型的饰面层置于复合成型压制模具中,并均匀刷涂无机不燃胶粘剂,然后取压制成型的保温层成型湿坯置于其上,再通过复合成型压力机压制,制成墙面型材湿坯;
7、低温烘干制成成品。将复合防火保温板湿坯在65℃温度条件下,烘干7小时,即制成本发明的一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板。
Claims (7)
1.一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板,它由无机材料保温层和金属饰面层组成,无机材料保温层由无机轻骨料和浆料混合压制成型,金属饰面层是铝合金轧制薄板,是一种彩色喷涂金属饰面层与保温层之间采用胶粘剂粘合压制成型为一体复合结构,所述复合防火保温板为矩形或多边形,其厚度为15mm-80mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板,其特征在于,所述保温层中无机轻骨料与浆料的配比按容积比为:浆料∶无机轻骨料=1∶2-4.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板,其特征在于,所述无机轻骨料是由浆料和芯料制成,芯料与浆料按容积比为1∶1-1.8。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板,其特征在于,所述金属饰面层是铝合金轧制薄板,是一种彩色喷涂板。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板,其特征在于,所述浆料是按重量比由以下组份混合而成:硫酸铝25-35份、磷酸铝25-35份、硬脂酸钙10-20份、硬脂酸铝10-20份、木质纤维素5-15份、水150-250份。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板,其特征在于,所述芯料采用憎水膨胀珍珠岩颗粒料,珍珠岩的粒度为1mm-4mm,所述憎水膨胀珍珠岩按重量比由以下组份混合而成:膨胀珍珠岩 75-85份、防水剂20-25份和增强剂5-15份。
7.一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、取膨胀珍珠岩 75-85份、防水剂20-25份和增强剂5-15份混合搅拌均匀,制成改性憎水膨胀珍珠岩颗粒,作为芯料备用;
(2)分别取硫酸铝、磷酸铝、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸铝和木质纤维素,并分别将它们粉碎,通过筛分制备成粒度为180~250目的粉末,然后按重量比取硫酸铝25-35份、磷酸铝25-35份、硬脂酸钙10-20份、硬脂酸铝10-20份、木质纤维素5-15份加入容器进行混合搅拌均匀后,加入150-250份水搅拌制成浆料,该浆料一部分用于保温层无机轻骨料的制作,另一部分用于保温层压制成型时的凝结剂;
(3)、按容积比为芯料:浆料=1∶1-1.8的配比,取制备的憎水膨胀珍珠岩颗粒芯料与浆料进行混合搅拌,浆料的加入采用在搅拌的过程中不断流方式加入,这样使得浆料能够较均匀地裹覆在芯料表面,然后自然风干,直到芯料外部形成一层硬壳,这就制成了无机轻骨料;(4)、保温层压制成型,按容积比为浆料:无机轻骨料=1:2-4.5的比例,取浆料和无机轻骨料均匀混合,然后放置到保温层模具中,通过压力机压制成型,脱模制成保温层成型湿坯备用;
(5)、将铝合金彩色喷涂板按照成型尺寸要求切割成型,作为饰面板备用;
(6)饰面层与保温层粘合压制成型,将切割成型的饰面层置于复合成型压制模具中,并均匀刷涂无机不燃胶粘剂,然后取压制成型的保温层成型湿坯置于其上,再通过复合成型压力机压制,制成墙面型材湿坯;
(7)低温烘干制成成品,将复合防火保温板湿坯在50~80℃温度条件下,烘干8~12小时,即制成本发明的一种无机材料-金属复合防火保温板。
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| CN117105626A (zh) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-11-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种防火保温一体化板材复合方法 |
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| CN101503903A (zh) * | 2009-03-06 | 2009-08-12 | 南阳天意保温耐火材料有限公司 | 无机保温金属饰面一体型防火墙面型材及其制备方法 |
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