CN107769712A - A kind of roof solar photovoltaic power generation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a roof solar photovoltaic power generation device, the support of which includes a stepping motor, the stepping motor is connected with a vertical rotating shaft arranged in a vertical supporting cylinder, and an eccentric cam is connected to the upper shaft of the vertical rotating shaft; each eccentric There are multiple horizontal support cylinders at the cam, and a transmission rod is arranged inside the horizontal support cylinder. One end of the transmission rod is hinged to one end of the crank, the other end of the crank is fixed to the lower end of the shaft body, the shaft body is fixed to the inner ring of the bearing, and the bearing The outer ring is fixed on the side wall of the transverse support cylinder, the upper end of the shaft body is fixed to the photovoltaic base, the other end of the transmission rod is connected to the connector, the connector is hinged to the slider, and the slider is connected to the T-shaped chute on the circumferential direction of the eccentric cam. Slidingly connected, the middle part of the transmission rod is also fixed with a guide block that is slidably connected with the elliptical track groove on the support block. The invention can drive a stepping motor to rotate a vertical shaft to control many solar photovoltaic panels to simultaneously rotate in azimuth in one day, and has a simple structure and low cost.

Description

A roof solar photovoltaic power generation device

technical field

The invention relates to the field of solar power generation, in particular to a rooftop solar photovoltaic power generation device.

Background technique

As a new type of renewable energy, solar energy is widely used due to its environmental friendliness. Solar energy has the characteristics of "low energy density, intermittent, and spatial distribution changes at any time", so higher requirements are put forward for solar energy utilization technology. Due to the high height, small area and low load-bearing capacity on the roof, if you want to install a solar photovoltaic power generation device on the roof, you need to consider these objective factors on the roof, such as how to increase the photovoltaic power generation area as much as possible, and how to avoid excessive height of the photovoltaic power generation device. How to make full use of solar energy to generate electricity is an important research topic in the field of household solar power generation.

Aiming at the characteristics of "intermittent and spatial distribution changing at any time" of solar energy, in terms of solar tracking photovoltaic power generation, previous studies have shown that no matter what kind of solar device, when its solar receiving device can always keep perpendicular to the sun's rays, it will The utilization rate of solar energy per unit area can be greatly improved. In recent years, many studies in this area have been carried out at home and abroad. For example, Professor SUM Hui of the University of Hong Kong studied the relationship between the sun angle and the energy acceptance rate, and found that: after implementing the sun tracking technology, the solar energy utilization rate increased by 37.7% after the sun was always incident vertically. We know that during a day, the angle at which sunlight irradiates on a fixed-angle solar power generation device changes with time, so the electric energy (ie, power generation efficiency) generated by a unit of solar energy also changes with time in different periods of the day. When the sun's rays irradiate the surface of the solar power generation device vertically (such as at noon), the electric energy generated by the solar energy per unit of energy is the strongest (that is, the power generation efficiency is the highest). The greater the inclination angle of the sun's rays irradiating the surface of the solar power generation device, the weaker the electric energy generated by the solar energy per unit of energy (that is, the lower the power generation efficiency, such as morning and dusk). Therefore, the research and development of solar tracking devices is to improve solar energy reception. important method of efficiency. Among the existing sun tracking technologies, two-axis automatic tracking is the most researched. It can track the azimuth and altitude of the sun at the same time, so that the sunlight is always vertically irradiated on the solar collector, which greatly improves the utilization rate of solar energy. However, although the two-axis tracking effect is good, its system structure is complicated and the mechanical wear is large, resulting in high device costs. Therefore, it requires a lot of investment in equipment investment, which is not conducive to commercial promotion for household use.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, and to provide a roof solar photovoltaic power generation device, the support of which can control a large number of solar photovoltaic panels to track the sun in azimuth at the same time in one day through a rotating power mechanism. Rotation, for the pitch angle, it only needs to change the pitch angle after a period of time according to the seasonal changes in a year, and the function of pitching and tracking the sun can be approximated by using a manual method. The whole device of the present invention is simple in structure and low in cost. Low, suitable for large-scale promotion and use on the roofs of various families.

The technical solution of the present invention is: a roof solar photovoltaic power generation device, including a base, the base is provided with a stepping motor, the stepping motor is electrically connected to the battery installed in the base through a motor controller, and the stepping motor is The shaft is connected with the vertical shaft, the vertical shaft is set in the vertical support tube, the lower end of the vertical support tube is fixedly connected with the base, and the base is fixed on the roof by bolts; the vertical shaft is connected along its axial axis There are one or more eccentric cams, and the ridge of each eccentric cam is provided with a T-shaped chute around the circumference of the eccentric cam; each eccentric cam on the vertical shaft is provided with a plurality of internal and vertical The horizontal support cylinder connected with the support cylinder, the transmission rod along the longitudinal direction of the horizontal support cylinder is arranged in the horizontal support cylinder, one end of the transmission rod is hinged with one end of the crank, the other end of the crank is fixedly connected with the lower end of the shaft body, and the shaft body passes through The inner ring of the bearing is fixed with the inner ring of the bearing through a flat key, and the outer ring of the bearing is fixed on the side wall of the horizontal support cylinder. The upper end of the shaft protrudes from the horizontal support cylinder and is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the photovoltaic base. There is a solar photovoltaic panel on the top, the solar photovoltaic panel is electrically connected to the battery, the other end of the transmission rod is connected to the connecting head, the connecting head is hingedly connected to the slider, and the slider is matched with the T-shaped chute and slidably connected. The middle part of the transmission rod is also fixed with a guide block, which is slidably connected with the track groove opened on the support block, and the support block is fixed on the inner side wall of the horizontal support cylinder; the base is also equipped with a time and date module and a microprocessor , the motor controller and the time and date module are respectively connected to the microprocessor signal, and the microprocessor is electrically connected to the storage battery; the time and date module is used to send the time information of each day to the microprocessor in real time, and the microprocessor After the processor receives the time information sent by the time and date module, it sends a motor running command to the motor controller at a set time interval within the set time period of each day, and the motor controller receives After the motor is commanded to run, the stepper motor is controlled to rotate once with a set amount of rotation, so that the solar photovoltaic panel is gradually rotated from facing east to facing west within a set time period every day; The controller sends a motor reset command to the motor controller at the end of the set time period every day, and the motor controller controls the stepper motor to rotate in reverse after receiving the motor reset command, so that the solar photovoltaic panel Rotate along the opposite direction of the original rotation path from facing the west to facing the east and enter the standby state until the set time period of the next day starts until the standby.

The above-mentioned daily set time period is from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm every day; the set time interval is 20-30 minutes.

A base support cylinder is provided below the photovoltaic base, and a first annular chute around the connection point between the photovoltaic base and the shaft is provided on the bottom surface of the photovoltaic base. The base support sleeve is sleeved outside the shaft body, and the top of the base support cylinder The edge of the circumferential cylinder of the base is matched with and slidably connected to the first annular chute, and the lower end of the base support cylinder is fixed to the transverse support cylinder.

The top of the above-mentioned vertical shaft is also connected to a photovoltaic base through a governor, and the bottom surface of the photovoltaic base is also provided with a second annular chute around the rotation center of the bottom surface. The two ring-shaped slide grooves are matched and slidably connected; the governor is used to adjust the rotation speed of the photovoltaic base at the top of the vertical shaft, so that the rotation speed of the photovoltaic base is consistent with the rotation speed of the photovoltaic base on the horizontal support cylinder.

The above-mentioned solar photovoltaic panel is erected on the photovoltaic base through a pitch adjustment support whose pitch can be manually adjusted.

The pitch adjustment support frame includes a support vertical rod and a pitch adjustment support cross bar, the lower end of the support vertical rod is fixed on the photovoltaic base, and the upper end of the support vertical rod is hinged on the back of the solar photovoltaic panel; the pitch adjustment support cross bar One end is hinged on the back of the solar photovoltaic panel, and the other end is provided with a handle; the support vertical bar and the pitch adjustment support cross bar are provided with a plurality of adjustment holes along the longitudinal direction, and the support vertical bar and the pitch adjustment support The crossbars are arranged crosswise, and the adjustment holes on the crosspoints overlap each other and are passed through and fixed with bolts, so that the relative position between the support vertical bar and the pitch adjustment support crossbar is fixed.

The side wall of the above-mentioned vertical support cylinder is provided with a horizontal support cylinder base, and the horizontal support cylinder is threadedly connected with the horizontal support cylinder base, and one end of the horizontal support cylinder located at the horizontal support cylinder base is also equipped with a connection between the transmission rod and the connector for easy disassembly. The port of the structure; the track groove is an elliptical track groove; the microprocessor is an MSP430 single-chip microcomputer.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: the roof solar photovoltaic power generation device provided by the present invention, its bracket can control many solar photovoltaic panels to rotate in azimuth at the same time in a day through a rotating power mechanism, and the pitch angle only needs to be determined according to After a period of time due to seasonal changes in a year, the function of tracking the sun can be approximately realized by appropriately changing the pitch angle manually. The whole device of the present invention has simple structure and low cost, and is suitable for large-scale in various Home roofs for promotional use.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connecting structure of the transmission rod and the support block of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the pitch adjustment support frame of the present invention, the photovoltaic base and the solar photovoltaic panel.

Detailed ways

A specific embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiment.

Referring to Fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a roof solar photovoltaic power generation device, including a base 3, a stepping motor 18 is arranged in the base 3, and the stepping motor 18 is connected with a storage battery located in the base 3 through a motor controller 19 is electrically connected, the stepper motor 18 is connected to the vertical shaft 1 through the coupling 17, the vertical shaft 1 is arranged in the vertical support cylinder 2, the lower end of the vertical support cylinder 2 is fixedly connected with the base 3, and the base 3 passes through The bolt 16 is fixed on the roof; the vertical shaft 1 is connected with one or more eccentric cams 6 along its axial axis, and the convex ridge of each eccentric cam 6 is provided with a T-shaped chute around the eccentric cam 6 circumference 6-1; each eccentric cam 6 on the vertical shaft 1 is provided with a plurality of horizontal support cylinders 12 internally connected with the vertical support cylinder 2, and the horizontal support cylinder 12 is provided with a horizontal support cylinder 12 Longitudinal transmission rod 10, one end of the transmission rod 10 is hinged with one end of the crank 13, the other end of the crank 13 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the shaft body 20, the shaft body 20 passes through the inner ring of the bearing 14 and connects with the bearing 14 through a flat key The inner ring is fixed, the outer ring of the bearing 14 is fixed on the side wall of the lateral support cylinder 12, the upper end of the shaft body 20 protrudes from the lateral support cylinder 12, and is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the photovoltaic base 5, and the photovoltaic base 5 is equipped with a solar photovoltaic system. plate 15, the solar photovoltaic panel 15 is electrically connected to the battery 19, the other end of the transmission rod 10 is connected to the connector 8, and the connector 8 is hingedly connected to the slider 7, wherein the rotating surface of the connector 8 when it rotates around the hinge point is located at In the horizontal plane, the slide block 7 is matched with the T-shaped chute 6-1 and is slidably connected. Referring to FIG. The track groove 11-1 on the 11 is slidingly connected, and the support block 11 is fixed on the inner side wall of the lateral support cylinder 12; the base 3 is also provided with a time and date module and a microprocessor, the motor controller and the time and date module Respectively connected with the microprocessor signal, the microprocessor is electrically connected with the storage battery 19; the time and date module is used to send the time information of each day to the microprocessor in real time, and the microprocessor receives the time and date module After sending the time information, send the motor running command to the motor controller at the set time interval in the set time period every day, and the motor controller will control the step after receiving the motor running command each time. The feeder rotates once with a set rotation amount each time, so that the solar photovoltaic panel 15 is gradually rotated from facing east to facing west in a set time period every day; At the end, send a motor reset command to the motor controller, and after receiving the motor reset command, the motor controller controls the stepper motor to rotate in reverse, so that the solar photovoltaic panel 15 is in the opposite direction of the original rotation path Turn from facing west to facing east and enter standby until the set time period of standby until the next day begins.

Further, the daily set time period is from 7 am to 7 pm every day; the set time interval is 20-30 minutes.

Further, a base support cylinder is provided under the photovoltaic base 5, and a first annular chute around the connection point between the photovoltaic base 5 and the shaft body 20 is provided on the bottom surface of the photovoltaic base 5, and the base support cylinder is sleeved on the photovoltaic base 5. Outside the shaft body 20 , the circumferential cylinder at the top of the base support cylinder matches and is slidably connected to the first annular chute, and the lower end of the base support cylinder is fixed to the lateral support cylinder 12 .

Further, the top of the vertical shaft 1 is also connected to a photovoltaic base 5 through a governor, and the bottom surface of the photovoltaic base 5 is also provided with a second annular chute around the rotation center of the bottom surface. The top of the vertical support cylinder 2 The circumferential cylinder edge is matched and slidably connected with the second annular chute; the governor is used to adjust the rotation speed of the photovoltaic base 5 at the top of the vertical shaft 1, so that the rotation speed of the photovoltaic base 5 is consistent with the horizontal support cylinder 12 The rotating speed of the photovoltaic base 5 on the top is consistent.

Further, the solar photovoltaic panel 15 is erected on the photovoltaic base 5 through a pitch adjustment support whose pitch can be manually adjusted.

Further, the pitch adjustment support frame includes a support vertical bar 22 and a pitch adjustment support cross bar 23. The lower end of the support vertical bar 22 is fixed on the photovoltaic base 5, and the upper end of the support vertical bar 22 is hinged to the solar photovoltaic panel 15. The back side; one end of the pitch adjustment support cross bar 23 is hinged on the back side of the solar photovoltaic panel 15, and the other end is provided with a handle; the support vertical bar 22 and the pitch adjustment support cross bar 23 are provided with A plurality of adjustment holes 25, the support vertical bar 22 and the pitch adjustment support cross bar 23 are arranged crosswise, and the adjustment holes 25 on the intersection point overlap and pass through and be fixed with bolts 24, so that the support vertical bar 22 and the pitch adjustment The relative positions between the supporting cross bars 23 are fixed.

Further, the side wall of the vertical support tube 2 is provided with a horizontal support tube base 9, the horizontal support tube 12 is screwed to the horizontal support tube base 9, and one end of the horizontal support tube 12 located at the horizontal support tube base 9 is also provided It is convenient to disassemble the port 21 of the connecting structure between the transmission rod 10 and the connecting head 8; the track groove 11-1 is an elliptical track groove (because only the azimuth angle of the solar photovoltaic panel 15 only needs to rotate half a circle, it will start to reverse to rotate, so the track groove is a semi-ellipse); the microprocessor is a MSP430 single-chip microcomputer.

Working principle of the present invention: in the device of the present invention, the azimuth angle when each solar cell panel faces the due east direction can be set as the initial azimuth angle at first, and its time and date module sends the time information of each day to the microprocessor in real time, and the microprocessing After the device receives the time information sent by the time and date module, within the set time period of each day (the set time period can be set to cover the daytime period with light, for example, from 7 am to 6-7 pm during the daytime) ), with the set time interval (the time interval can be set to 20-30 minutes) to send the motor running command to the motor controller, after the motor controller receives the motor running command each time, it controls the stepper motor to set A certain amount of rotation is rotated once (the set amount of rotation is specifically set as the angle interval of 180 degrees from east to south and then to west in the entire azimuth angle divided by the number of time intervals set above, that is, each step Rotation angle of the motor), so that within the set time period of each day, the solar photovoltaic panel is gradually rotated from facing east and then passing south to facing west, so that it basically coincides with the azimuth angle of the sun's rotation, so as to realize the azimuth angle The purpose of chasing the sun; wherein the microprocessor sends a motor reset command to the motor controller at the end of the daily set time period (such as 7 o'clock in the afternoon), and the motor controller controls the stepping motor to rotate in reverse after receiving the motor reset command. Make the solar photovoltaic panel rotate from facing west to south along the opposite direction of the original rotation path, then turn to facing east and enter the standby state until the standby time until the next day's set time period begins (such as 7 o'clock in the morning). For the adjustment of the pitch angle of the sun tracking, since the height of the sun does not change as much as the azimuth angle in the four seasons of the year, therefore, considering the cost factor, the device of the present invention does not perform automatic real-time tracking of the pitch angle, but adopts a manual adjustment method The adjustment of the pitch angle of each solar photovoltaic panel is realized through the pitch adjustment support frame that can manually adjust the pitch (the pitch adjustment support frame is shown in Figure 3), and the pitch angle can be manually adjusted according to the change of the season after a period of time.

To sum up, the roof solar photovoltaic power generation device provided by the present invention can use a rotating power mechanism to control a large number of solar photovoltaic panels to follow the sun in azimuth at the same time in one day. After a period of time during the seasonal changes in the year, the function of pitching and tracking the sun can be approximately realized by appropriately changing the pitch angle manually. promotional use of the roof.

The above disclosures are only a few specific embodiments of the present invention, however, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any changes conceivable by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A roof solar photovoltaic power generation device, comprising a base (3), is characterized in that a stepping motor (18) is provided in the base (3), and the stepping motor (18) is arranged on the base by a motor controller The battery (19) inside (3) is electrically connected, and the stepper motor (18) is connected to the vertical shaft (1) shaft through a shaft coupling (17), and the vertical shaft (1) is arranged on the vertical support cylinder (2) Inside, the lower end of the vertical support cylinder (2) is fixedly connected with the base (3), and the base (3) is fixed on the roof by bolts (16); the vertical shaft (1) is connected with one or A plurality of eccentric cams (6), the ridge of each eccentric cam (6) is provided with a T-shaped chute (6-1) around the eccentric cam (6) circumference; each on the vertical shaft (1) The eccentric cam (6) is provided with a plurality of horizontal support cylinders (12) that are connected to the vertical support cylinder (2), and the horizontal support cylinder (12) is provided with a The transmission rod (10), one end of the transmission rod (10) is hinged with one end of the crank (13), the other end of the crank (13) is fixedly connected with the lower end of the shaft body (20), and the shaft body (20) passes through the bearing (14 ) and fixed with the inner ring of the bearing (14) through a flat key, the outer ring of the bearing (14) is fixed on the side wall of the lateral support cylinder (12), and the upper end of the shaft body (20) protrudes from the lateral support cylinder (12), and fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the photovoltaic base (5), the photovoltaic base (5) is provided with a solar photovoltaic panel (15), the solar photovoltaic panel (15) is electrically connected with the storage battery (19), and the transmission rod ( The other end of 10) is connected with the connector (8), and the connector (8) is hingedly connected with the slider (7), and the slider (7) is matched with the T-shaped chute (6-1) and slidably connected, the The middle part of the transmission rod (10) is also fixed with a guide block (10-1), and the guide block (10-1) is slidably connected with the track groove (11-1) opened on the support block (11), and the support block (11) be fixed on the inner side wall of the transverse support cylinder (12); Also be provided with time and date module and microprocessor in described base (3), described motor controller and time and date module are connected with microprocessor signal respectively, and microprocessor is electrically connected with accumulator (19); Described time and date The module is used to send the time information of each day to the microprocessor in real time, and after receiving the time information sent by the time and date module, the microprocessor will set time intervals within the set time period every day Send the motor operation command to the motor controller, and after the motor controller receives the motor operation command each time, it will control the stepper motor to rotate once with the set rotation amount, so that in the set time period of each day The solar photovoltaic panel (15) is gradually rotated from facing east to facing west; the microprocessor sends a motor reset command to the motor controller at the end of the set time period every day, and the motor controller receives After the motor reset command, control the stepper motor to rotate in reverse, so that the solar photovoltaic panel (15) rotates from facing west to facing east along the opposite direction of the original rotation path and enters a standby state until it reaches the second standby state. until the set time period of the day begins. 2. A roof solar photovoltaic power generation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said daily set time period is from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm every day; said set time interval is 20 -30 minutes. 3. A roof solar photovoltaic power generation device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a base support tube is provided under the photovoltaic base (5), and a bottom surface of the photovoltaic base (5) is provided with a ) and the first annular chute at the connection point of the shaft body (20), the base support cylinder is sleeved outside the shaft body (20), and the circumferential cylinder at the top of the base support cylinder is aligned with the first annular chute Matched and slidably connected, the lower end of the base support cylinder is fixed with the transverse support cylinder (12). 4. A roof solar photovoltaic power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the top of the vertical shaft (1) is also connected to a photovoltaic base (5) through a governor, and the photovoltaic base (5) The bottom surface of the bottom surface is also provided with a second annular chute around the center of rotation of the bottom surface, and the circumferential cylinder at the top of the vertical support cylinder (2) is matched and slidably connected with the second annular chute; the governor is used for The rotation speed of the photovoltaic base (5) at the top of the vertical shaft (1) is adjusted so that the rotation speed of the photovoltaic base (5) is consistent with the rotation speed of the photovoltaic base (5) on the lateral support cylinder (12). 5. A rooftop solar photovoltaic power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the solar photovoltaic panel (15) is erected on the photovoltaic base (5) through a pitch adjustment support whose pitch can be manually adjusted. 6. A kind of roof solar photovoltaic power generation device as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described pitch adjustment support frame comprises support vertical bar (22), pitch adjustment support cross bar (23), and described support vertical bar ( The lower end of 22) is fixed on the photovoltaic base (5), and the upper end of the support vertical bar (22) is hinged on the back side of the solar photovoltaic panel (15); one end of the pitch adjustment support cross bar (23) is hinged on the solar photovoltaic panel ( 15), the other end is provided with a handle; the support vertical bar (22) and the pitch adjustment support cross bar (23) are provided with a plurality of adjustment holes (25) along its longitudinal direction, the support vertical bar Rod (22) and pitch adjustment support crossbar (23) are arranged crosswise, and the adjustment holes (25) on the intersection point coincide and pass through and be fixed with bolt (24), make support vertical bar (22) and pitch adjustment The relative position between the support cross bars (23) is fixed. 7. A roof solar photovoltaic power generation device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the side wall of the vertical support cylinder (2) is provided with a horizontal support cylinder seat (9), and the horizontal support cylinder (12) It is threadedly connected with the horizontal support cylinder base (9), and one end of the horizontal support cylinder (12) located at the horizontal support cylinder base (9) is also provided with a port to facilitate the disassembly of the connection structure between the transmission rod (10) and the connector (8) (21); The track groove (11-1) is an elliptical track groove; The microprocessor is a MSP430 single-chip microcomputer.