CN107727914A - Signal measurement apparatus - Google Patents
Signal measurement apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN107727914A CN107727914A CN201710910470.5A CN201710910470A CN107727914A CN 107727914 A CN107727914 A CN 107727914A CN 201710910470 A CN201710910470 A CN 201710910470A CN 107727914 A CN107727914 A CN 107727914A
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- circuit
- signal
- comparator
- impedance
- sample
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of signal measurement apparatus, and described device includes：Operational amplifier, comparator, sample circuit and circuit selecting switch；Wherein, when the circuit selecting switch is in first state, the operational amplifier forms integrator, and the sample circuit forms current sampling circuit, the integrator, the comparator and current sampling circuit current measurement circuit in series；When the circuit selecting switch is in the second state, the operational amplifier forms multiplier, and the sample circuit forms impedance sample circuit, the multiplier, the comparator and the impedance sample circuit impedance measuring circuit in series.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of signal processing, more particularly to a kind of signal measurement apparatus.
Background technology
In biology sensor research and context of detection, galvanometer and impedometer are two main e measurement technologies.A lot
In paper, both technologies are complementary.For example, in antibody/antigen biology sensor, galvanometer is initially used for checking electricity
As expected whether pole surface formed.Then the concentration with impedometer detected target object then,.In addition, in protein detection, warp
Normal two kinds of detection techniques are required for.In a word, galvanometer and impedometer are widely used in the research of bioelectrochemistry.But
Existing detection circuit is all that two sets of entirely different circuits of design realize galvanometer function and impedometer function respectively.Cause chip
Cost raises, the increase of chip power-consumption.
The size of bioelectricity depends on the size of biological surface and electrode.As biology sensor sensitivity requirement is more next
Higher, the less and less trend of electrode size, the as little as fA levels of electric current caused by biological respinse, so faint circuit sets to circuit
Meter proposes very big challenge.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of device of signal measurement, can effectively reduce chip cost
And reduce chip power-consumption.
According to above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a kind of device of signal measurement, and described device includes：Operational amplifier, ratio
Compared with device, sample circuit and circuit selecting switch；Wherein, when the circuit selecting switch is in first state, the operation amplifier
Device forms integrator, and the sample circuit forms current sampling circuit, the integrator, the comparator and the current sample
Circuit connected in series forms current measurement circuit；When the circuit selecting switch is in the second state, the operational amplifier, which is formed, to be multiplied
Musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass, the sample circuit form impedance sample circuit, the multiplier, the comparator and impedance sample circuit series connection
Form impedance measuring circuit.
In one embodiment, the first input end of the operational amplifier receives input signal, the second input connection ginseng
Examine signal.
In one embodiment, the comparator is hysteresis comparator.
In one embodiment, the multiplier is used for the real part relevant information letter related to imaginary part for extracting the input signal
Breath.
In one embodiment, pumping signal is multiplied by the multiplier with reference signal sine wave, to extract the input
The real part relevant information of signal, wherein, the pumping signal obtains the input signal after sample to be tested.
In one embodiment, the impedance sample circuit uses carries out institute with the pumping signal sine wave with the signal of phase
State the sampling of real part relevant information.
In one embodiment, pumping signal is multiplied by the multiplier with reference signal cosine wave, to extract the input
The imaginary part relevant information of signal, wherein, the pumping signal obtains the input signal after sample to be tested.
In one embodiment, the impedance sample circuit uses carries out institute with the pumping signal cosine wave with the signal of phase
State the sampling of imaginary part relevant information.
In one embodiment, the input signal is current signal.
In summary, the device of signal measurement provided by the invention is integrated with current measurement circuit and impedance measurement electricity simultaneously
Road, it is in blocks to reduce chip, reduces chip power-consumption.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows a kind of structural representation of signal measurement apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 2 (a) and Fig. 2 (b) show the impact effect for increasing sluggish width；
Fig. 3 shows the structure chart of hysteresis comparator according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 4 shows hysteresis comparator simulation result；
Fig. 5 shows the block diagram of test platform；
Fig. 6 shows the current value that measurement obtains；
Fig. 7 shows chip impedance test result.
Embodiment
In order that those skilled in the art more fully understand the technical scheme in the present invention, below in conjunction with of the invention real
The accompanying drawing in example is applied, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described implementation
Example is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the common skill in this area
The every other embodiment that art personnel are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, it should all belong to what the present invention protected
Scope.
The present invention provides a kind of device of signal measurement, by the circuit of current measurement and impedance measurement assemble one it is whole
Body, cost is saved, reduce power consumption.
In one embodiment, current measurement and impedance measuring circuit are integrated among a chip.
Fig. 1 is refer to, Fig. 1 shows a kind of structural representation of signal measurement apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention.It is defeated
Enter electric current IinIt is the electric current after biological detection destination object, an object of the present invention is to measure electric current Iin, another
Purpose is by electric current IinTo calculate the impedance of biological detection object.
As shown in figure 1, signal measurement apparatus may include：Operational amplifier 103, comparator 104, sample circuit 105 and electricity
Road selecting switch S1, S0.
The device may also include the first element group 101, the second element group 102, and the first element group and the second element group are used for
Integrator or multiplier are connected and composed with operational amplifier.The present invention does not limit the concrete structure of integrator and multiplier, not yet
Limit the concrete structure of the first element group and the second element group.For example, the first element group can include electric capacity, the second element
Group can include electric capacity, for example, the variable electric capacity of polarity in the multiplier course of work.
Circuit selecting switch can be by changing the connection side between operational amplifier and the first element group, the second element group
Formula so that operational amplifier and the first element group connect and compose integrator, or connect and compose multiplier with the second element group.
The example of circuit structure is provided below in conjunction with Fig. 1.
In one example, circuit selecting switch may include to switch S1 and S0, wherein switch S1 goes here and there with the first element group 101
Join the positive input and output end of the branch road concatenation operation amplifier formed, switch S0 connects formation with the second element group 102
Branch road concatenation operation amplifier positive input and output end, the reverse input end of operational amplifier meets reference signal Vref。
As shown in figure 1, in one example, when circuit selecting switch is in first state, such as S1 is closed, S0
During disconnection, output end that the positive input of the operational amplifier passes through the first element group concatenation operation amplifier so that fortune
Calculate amplifier and form integrator with first element group, when circuit selecting switch is in the second state, for example (,) S0 closures, S1
During disconnection, the positive input of the operational amplifier connects the output end of fortune amplifier by the second element group so that computing
Amplifier and the second element group form multiplier.
Circuit selecting switch can also change the circuit connecting mode of sample circuit so that sample circuit forms current sample electricity
Road or impedance sample circuit.
As shown in figure 1, in one example, sample circuit 105 may include two branch roads of parallel connection, and with it is in parallel after
The counter 1051 of branch road series connection, switch S1 and S0 are serially connected in two branch roads respectively.The first shape is in circuit selecting switch
During state, such as S1 closures, when S0 disconnects, branch road where S1 forms short circuit in sample circuit 105, and branch road disconnects where S0, forms
Current sampling circuit.When circuit selecting switch is in the second state, for example, S0 closures, when S1 disconnects, S1 in sample circuit 105
Place branch road disconnects, and branch road connection where S0, forms impedance sample circuit.
Thus, when circuit selecting switch S1, S0 is in first state, the operational amplifier 103 and described the
One element group 101 forms integrator, and the sample circuit 105 forms current sampling circuit, the integrator, the comparator
104 and current sampling circuit current measurement circuit in series (path shown in dotted line).
When circuit selecting switch S1, S0 is in the second state, the operational amplifier 103 and second element group
102 form multipliers, and the sample circuit 105 forms impedance sample circuit, the multiplier, the comparator 104 and described
Impedance sample circuit impedance measuring circuit in series (path shown in solid).
Thus, the signal measurement apparatus that provides according to embodiments of the present invention while it is integrated with current measurement circuit and impedance is surveyed
Circuit is measured, integrator and multiplier have shared an operational amplifier, and so as to reduce chip size, it is in blocks to reduce chip, subtracts
Chip power-consumption is lacked.
In a kind of possible implementation, the positive input of operational amplifier is also connected with reference current Iref.In circuit
When selecting switch is in first state, signal measurement apparatus may make up ∑-Δ ADC.
The ADC of different frameworks, such as ∑-Δ ADC, dual-slope ADC, pipeline ADC etc., set in commercial galvanometer
It is used to read DC current in standby.In above-mentioned many frameworks, only ∑-Δ ADC and dual-slope ADC includes integrator mould
Block, and high-precision requirement can be realized.However, when dual-slope ADC framework determines that it needs the integration grown very much
Between, high-precision requirement is can be only achieved, this defect strongly limit the measuring speed of equipment.Conversely, because ∑-Δ ADC is used
Oversampling technique, it is set to ensure high-precision while also realize and at a high speed measure, its is with the obvious advantage.In order to read fA levels
Electric current, current reading circuit needs have superior filtering noise immune.
In a kind of possible implementation, the comparator 104 is hysteresis comparator.This mode cause traditional ∑-
The formation new architecture that Δ ADC and hysteresis comparator are combined, referred to as sluggish ∑-Δ ADC, this structure enhance the denoising energy of circuit
Power.In the case where handling small size electric current, hysteresis comparator can reduce switching cycle number.Below using this structure as example,
Illustrate the operation principle of the embodiment of the present invention.
Under current measurement pattern, circuit selecting switch is set to be in first state, signal measurement apparatus forms current measurement
Circuit, such as sluggish ∑ Δ ADC.Under current measurement pattern, it is assumed that the bandwidth of input current is well below sample frequency.Cause
This, time-domain analysis can be reduced to DC current Iin.Due to flowing through the electric current I of biological detection objectinIt is all very small, can as little as
FA levels, when carrying out current measurement, input current I is made firstinIntegrator is flowed through, the effect of integrator is that logarithm value is very small
Electric current is integrated, and then causes electric current to reach the magnitude that can be measured.
Electric current IinAfter integrator, i.e., into comparator 104, carry out electric current IinSampling, the electric current after sampling
IinIt can be carried out counting by the counter 1051 that current sampling circuit includes and current value calculates.
In current measurement, it is assumed that the bandwidth of input current is well below sample frequency.Therefore, time-domain analysis can simplify
For DC current Iin。
In each clock cycle, the output voltage Vn (n=1 ... N) of integrator is as follows：
Dn=sign (Vn-1+Dn-1δ) (2)
Wherein, Dn(Dn∈ (- 1 ,+1)) be comparator 104 output；TclkIt is the clock cycle；IinIt is input current；Iref
It is reference current；CintIt is integrating capacitor (the first electric capacity), δ is the sluggish width of comparator.
Under impedance measurement pattern, circuit selecting switch is set to be in the second state, signal measurement apparatus forms impedance measurement
Circuit.Due to having real and imaginary parts in impedance, when carrying out the measurement of impedance, integrator is replaced to extract electricity using multiplier
Flow the real and imaginary parts in Iin.
In order to extract the relevant information of real part, based on lock facies principle, pumping signal (for sine wave sin (ω t)) and ginseng
Signal sine wave φ is examined to be multiplied (with the same phases of sin (ω t)).After continuous N number of Energizing cycle, the expression of real part (real portion)
Formula is：
Wherein, the cycle of pumping signal uses TstimRepresent, wherein, pumping signal be sample to be tested input, IinTo be to be measured
The output of sample, that is to say, that pumping signal obtains I after sample to be testedin。
Similar, when reference signal cosine wave φ (cos (ω t)) is multiplied with pumping signal, counter, which will include imaginary part, to be believed
Breath.After continuous N number of Energizing cycle, the expression formula of imaginary part (imaginary portion) is：
In order to be sampled to above-mentioned real and imaginary parts, branch road where switching S0 in sample circuit can carry comprising complex sampling
Modulus block 1052, when carrying out real and imaginary parts sampling, the sampled signal of out of phase is set respectively.Complex sampling extraction module
Correlation technique can be used to realize.
When carrying out real part sampling, reference signal sine wave signal is set to carry out the sampling of real part relevant information.
When carrying out imaginary part sampling, reference signal cosine wave signal is set to carry out the sampling of imaginary part relevant information.
Then counter 1051 is recycled to count real and imaginary parts, you can to obtain the calculated value of real and imaginary parts.
After the current value of plural form is obtained, you can the impedance of biological detection destination object is calculated according to input voltage.
Wherein, counter 1051 is that current measurement circuit and impedance measuring circuit share, and reduce further chip
Cost, reduce the power consumption of chip.
Because in impedance measurement, the extraction of real and imaginary parts needs to carry out according to aforesaid operations, and in current measurement,
And aforesaid operations are not needed, the conversion of current measurement and impedance measurement is carried out also with switch, switchs S0Closure, S1Disconnect
When, real part, imaginary part sampling are carried out, switchs S0Disconnect, S1It is current measurement pattern during closure.
Signal by real and imaginary parts sampling can enter counting and calculating that counter 103 carries out real and imaginary parts,
And then obtain the current value of plural form.
After the current value of plural form is obtained, you can the resistance of biological detection destination object is calculated according to input voltage value
It is anti-.
It can be seen that the signal measurement apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention is simultaneously by current measurement and impedance measurement fusion one
Rise, reduce cost, reduce power consumption.
In formula (1) and formula (2), the noiseproof feature of the sluggish width δ significant impact circuits of comparator.When sluggish widthIt can be seen that the switching frequency of comparator output is very high, as shown in Fig. 2 (a).And hysteresis comparator can change
Become sluggish width δ.
When increasing sluggish width δ, it can significantly find out that the switching frequency of comparator significantly reduces, as shown in Fig. 2 (b).
The reduction of switching frequency will reduce substrate noise and improve the linear of integrator, and these are extremely closed for measurement fA levels weak current
It is important.
It can be seen that the new architecture that this traditional ∑-Δ ADC and hysteresis comparator is combined, the noise removal capability of circuit is enhanced.
In the case where handling small size electric current, hysteresis comparator can reduce switching cycle number.Hysteresis comparator can lower substrate and make an uproar
Sound simultaneously can improve the linear property of converter by reducing the operation of switch.
Fig. 3 is refer to, Fig. 3 shows the structure chart of the hysteresis comparator according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.People in the art
For member it should be understood that Fig. 3 is merely illustrative, the disclosure does not limit the concrete structure of hysteresis comparator.
As shown in figure 3, two threshold values of hysteresis comparator are controlled by Vbpr and Vbnr.When Vbpr is equal to Vbnr, comparator
Sluggish width be zero, function is consistent with common comparator.Using Cadence Spector softwares to hysteresis comparator 25
DEG C, emulated under the conditions of TT (typical-typical), simulation result is as shown in Figure 4.In emulation, the sluggish width δ is set to be
100mV。
Under the test case of ± 10pA input currents and 100pA reference currents, to sluggish width δ=0 and sluggish width δ
The chip of=100mV non-linear (DNL) is tested.Test result shows that, using hysteresis comparator, precision improves one
Position.Therefore, in terms of weak current reading, hysteresis comparator can significantly improve the noise characteristic of test circuit.Similarly, since switch
Frequency is remarkably decreased, and the power consumption of chip also significantly reduces.The performance parameter of chip is listed in table 1.
The chip performance parameter of table 1
For the function of verificating current measurement and impedance measurement, herceptin is measured with measuring circuit provided by the invention
(Herceptin) concentration.Herceptin is a kind of antibody drug for treating breast cancer.Studies have shown that herceptin can reduce morning
The risk of phase HER2- positive breast cancer 50%.Due to the positive effect of herceptin, therefore, it is necessary to accurately detect very much patient
Internal herceptin content.Chip provided by the invention realizes the function of galvanometer and impedometer, can accurately measure He Sai
The content in spit of fland.
First, test platform is built, the electricity for being used for adhering to CH-19 (as the bioprobe of herceptin) is included in platform
Pole, chip provided by the invention, data acquisition unit (DAQ) and computer (PC).Data acquisition unit is generated for cyclic voltammetry
The triangular wave pumping signal of (CV, cyclic voltammetry) and for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS, Electrochemical
Impedance Spectroscopy) sine wave exciting signal.Meanwhile the measurement output data of chip provided by the invention,
Also preserved on computers by data acquisition unit record.The block diagram of test platform is as shown in Figure 5.
First, cyclic voltammetry is a kind of conventional method in bioelectrochemistry., it is necessary to use in cyclic voltammetry
Current measurement circuit measures the size of bioelectricity.In order to verify the current measurement function of chip provided by the invention, build
One bio-sensor system.
Electrolyte solution in experiment is 1M potassium chloride and the 0.5mm potassium ferricyanides.The scan rate of cyclic voltammetry is set as
100mV/s, test and carried out under room temperature environment.Chip is configured to current measurement pattern, measures and becomes in cyclic voltammetry electrochemistry
Caused DC current during change.It is as shown in Figure 6 to measure obtained current value.Wherein, the peak value of oxidation/reduction is electric in Fig. 6
Flow curve shows that as expected, attachment is fine by the CH-19 adhered on electrode.
When carrying out impedance measurement, in theory, surface impedance and Herceptin concentration are directly proportional.For proofing chip
Impedance measurement pattern, the herceptin that concentration is respectively 0.001,0.01, and 0.1pg/ μ L is prepared, has seen what actual measurement obtained
Whether impedance value is directly proportional with concentration.Test result is as shown in fig. 7, chip provided by the invention can detect the precision of herceptin
To 0.001pg/ μ L, and maintain extraordinary linear (R2=0.9795).
In addition, although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not each embodiment is only only comprising one
Vertical technical scheme, this narrating mode of specification only for clarity, those skilled in the art should using specification as
One entirety, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, formed it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that its
His embodiment.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of signal measurement apparatus, it is characterised in that described device includes：
Operational amplifier, comparator, sample circuit and circuit selecting switch；
Wherein, when the circuit selecting switch is in first state, the operational amplifier forms integrator, the sample circuit
Form current sampling circuit, the integrator, the comparator and current sampling circuit current measurement circuit in series；
When the circuit selecting switch is in the second state, the operational amplifier forms multiplier, and the sample circuit is formed
Impedance sample circuit, the multiplier, the comparator and the impedance sample circuit impedance measuring circuit in series.
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first input end of the operational amplifier receives input letter
Number, the second input connection reference signal.
3. device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the comparator is hysteresis comparator.
4. device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the multiplier is used for the real part phase for extracting the input signal
Close information and imaginary part relevant information.
5. device as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the multiplier is by pumping signal and reference signal sine wave phase
Multiply, to extract the real part relevant information of the input signal, wherein, the pumping signal obtains described defeated after sample to be tested
Enter signal.
6. device as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the impedance sample circuit uses sinusoidal with the pumping signal
Ripple carries out the sampling of the real part relevant information with the signal of phase.
7. device as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that
Pumping signal is multiplied by the multiplier with reference signal cosine wave, to extract the related letter of the imaginary part of the input signal
Breath, wherein, the pumping signal obtains the input signal after sample to be tested.
8. device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the impedance sample circuit uses and the pumping signal cosine
Ripple carries out the sampling of the imaginary part relevant information with the signal of phase.
9. device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the input signal is current signal.
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| CN201710910470.5A CN107727914A (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2017-09-29 | Signal measurement apparatus |
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| CN201710910470.5A CN107727914A (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2017-09-29 | Signal measurement apparatus |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI682166B (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-01-11 | 國立中山大學 | Biomedical sensor and reading circuit thereof |
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Application publication date: 20180223 |