CN107724348A - A kind of flood discharging tunnel gentle slope and abrupt slope attachment structure - Google Patents
A kind of flood discharging tunnel gentle slope and abrupt slope attachment structure Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title claims 6
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241000826860 Trapezium Species 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 8
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种泄洪洞缓坡与陡坡连接结构，它包括位于上游的缓坡段、位于下游的陡坡段、以及连接在缓坡段和陡坡段之间的掺气结构；所述缓坡段的底板、陡坡段的底板和掺气结构的底板均为平面，其中所述掺气结构的底板为水平设置；所述掺气结构包括垂直跌坎、设置在垂直跌坎两端并位于两侧墙底部的通孔、设置在两侧墙内的通气管以及设置在两侧墙对应顶板内并于大气连通的进风口；两个所述通气管的下端分别与对应的通孔连接，两个所述通气管的上端分别与对应的进风口连接；所述通孔为直角梯形四棱柱构型；其中，左、右两个端面为直角梯形。本发明所述连接结构大大简化了结构设计难度，减少了设计研究工作量，同时节省了工程成本。
The invention relates to a connection structure between a gentle slope and a steep slope of a flood discharge tunnel, which includes a gentle slope section located upstream, a steep slope section located downstream, and an aeration structure connected between the gentle slope section and the steep slope section; the bottom plate of the gentle slope section, the steep slope Both the bottom plate of the section and the bottom plate of the aeration structure are plane, wherein the bottom plate of the aeration structure is set horizontally; hole, the air pipe arranged in the two side walls and the air inlet connected to the atmosphere in the corresponding top plate of the two side walls; the lower ends of the two air pipes are respectively connected with the corresponding through holes, and the two air pipes The upper ends of each are respectively connected to the corresponding air inlets; the through holes are in the shape of a right-angled trapezoidal quadrangular prism; wherein, the left and right end surfaces are right-angled trapezoidal. The connection structure of the present invention greatly simplifies the difficulty of structural design, reduces the workload of design and research, and saves engineering costs at the same time.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及水利水电工程泄洪洞体型设计领域，具体地说，涉及一种泄洪洞缓坡与陡坡连接结构。The invention relates to the field of shape design of flood discharge tunnels of water conservancy and hydropower projects, in particular to a connection structure of gentle slopes and steep slopes of flood discharge tunnels.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国西南地区大型水利水电工程的建设，受工程布置条件限制，同时为增加泄洪的安全性及灵活性，很多工程在坝址区岸坡内布置有泄洪洞参与泄洪，泄洪洞体型设计成为了影响泄洪安全及工程安全的重要因素之一。With the construction of large-scale water conservancy and hydropower projects in Southwest my country, limited by project layout conditions, and at the same time to increase the safety and flexibility of flood discharge, many projects have flood discharge tunnels arranged in the bank slope of the dam site area to participate in flood discharge. The design of the flood discharge tunnel is It is one of the important factors affecting flood discharge safety and engineering safety.
泄洪洞过渡段和连接段的设计是泄洪洞体型设计的重点。当泄洪洞受地形条件限制，采用“龙落尾”方案时，上部缓坡段(包括水平底板情况)与下部陡坡段存在一个过渡连接段，现有设计中，为避免该处水流脱离底板发生空蚀，要求该段以抛物线形底板进行连接，一般称为“涡奇段”或“抛物线段”。这种连接方式的不足之处在于抛物线方程的设计难度较大，且该体型在现场施工过程中一般需要定制专用模板，施工难度大，施工精度要求较高。The design of the transition section and connection section of the spillway tunnel is the key point of the shape design of the spillway tunnel. When the flood tunnel is limited by the topographic conditions, when the "dragon tail" scheme is adopted, there is a transitional connection section between the upper gentle slope section (including the horizontal floor) and the lower steep slope section. For eclipse, this section is required to be connected with a parabolic bottom plate, which is generally called "vortex odd section" or "parabolic section". The disadvantage of this connection method is that the design of the parabolic equation is more difficult, and this body type generally needs to customize a special formwork during the on-site construction process, which is difficult to construct and requires high construction accuracy.
在泄洪洞体型设计时，通常还要考虑掺气结构的设置。通过掺气结构为泄洪洞内的水流进行补气，可以有效降低高速水流紊动造成水流空化作用，减轻对泄洪洞过流表面造成的空蚀破坏，达到水流流态平顺、掺气充分的效果。通常，掺气结构会根据需要设置在流速较大的泄洪洞陡坡段，一般位于连接段“涡奇段”下游。由于泄洪洞内“涡奇段”和掺气结构部位的结构比较复杂，设计难度较大，在具体实施过程中需要定制专用模板，施工难度大，施工精度要求较高，从而耗费大量的人力和财力投入。When designing the shape of the spillway tunnel, the setting of the aerated structure is usually also considered. The aeration structure is used to replenish the water flow in the flood discharge tunnel, which can effectively reduce the cavitation of the water flow caused by the turbulence of the high-speed water flow, reduce the cavitation damage caused to the overflow surface of the flood discharge tunnel, and achieve a smooth flow state and sufficient aeration. Effect. Usually, the aerated structure will be installed in the steep slope section of the spillway with a large flow velocity according to the needs, and it is generally located downstream of the "vortex section" of the connecting section. Due to the complex structure of the "vortex section" and the aerated structure in the flood discharge tunnel, the design is difficult. In the actual implementation process, special templates need to be customized. The construction is difficult and the construction accuracy is high, which consumes a lot of manpower and resources. Financial investment.
基于上述情况，亟需设计一种能够解决上述问题的新型泄洪洞缓坡与陡坡连接结构。Based on the above situation, it is urgent to design a new type of gentle slope and steep slope connection structure of the spillway tunnel that can solve the above problems.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服泄洪洞缓坡段与陡坡段之间抛物线连接方式施工难度大、泄洪洞整体工程造价高的不足，提供一种新型的泄洪洞缓坡与陡坡连接结构，在缓坡段和陡坡段之间设置掺气结构，取消了泄洪洞抛物线段，从而减小工程难度、节约工程投资，同时掺气结构的设置减轻了高速水流的空蚀破坏，保证了泄洪洞的安全运行。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the difficulty of construction of the parabolic connection between the gentle slope section and the steep slope section of the spillway tunnel and the high cost of the overall project of the spillway tunnel, and provide a new type of connection structure between the gentle slope and the steep slope of the spillway tunnel. The aerated structure is set in between, and the parabolic section of the flood discharge tunnel is canceled, thereby reducing the difficulty of the project and saving engineering investment. At the same time, the setting of the aerated structure reduces the cavitation damage of the high-speed water flow and ensures the safe operation of the flood discharge tunnel.
为实现上述目的，本发明所述的泄洪洞缓坡与陡坡连接结构，它包括位于上游的缓坡段、位于下游的陡坡段、以及连接在缓坡段和陡坡段之间的掺气结构；所述缓坡段的底板、陡坡段的底板和掺气结构的底板均为平面，其中所述掺气结构的底板为水平设置；In order to achieve the above object, the connection structure between the gentle slope and the steep slope of the spillway according to the present invention includes a gentle slope section located upstream, a steep slope section located downstream, and an aeration structure connected between the gentle slope section and the steep slope section; the gentle slope The bottom plate of the section, the bottom plate of the steep slope section and the bottom plate of the aeration structure are all planes, wherein the bottom plate of the aeration structure is arranged horizontally;
所述掺气结构包括垂直跌坎、设置在垂直跌坎两端并位于两侧墙底部的通孔、设置在两侧墙内的通气管以及设置在两侧墙对应顶板内并于大气连通的进风口；两个所述通气管的下端分别与对应的通孔连接，两个所述通气管的上端分别与对应的进风口连接；The aeration structure includes a vertical sill, a through hole arranged at both ends of the vertical sill and at the bottom of the two side walls, a ventilation pipe arranged in the two side walls, and a ventilation pipe arranged in the corresponding top plate of the two side walls and connected to the atmosphere. an air inlet; the lower ends of the two ventilation pipes are respectively connected to the corresponding through holes, and the upper ends of the two ventilation pipes are respectively connected to the corresponding air inlets;
所述通孔为直角梯形四棱柱构型；其中，左、右两个端面为直角梯形，底侧面与垂直跌坎的底板等宽并且共面，上游侧面和下游侧面位于底侧面两端并且垂直于底侧面，所述上游侧面的高度高于下游侧面的高度，所述顶侧斜面设有与通气管下端连通的通气口。The through hole is a right-angled trapezoidal quadrangular prism configuration; wherein, the left and right end faces are right-angled trapezoidal, the bottom side is equal in width and coplanar with the bottom plate of the vertical drop, and the upstream side and the downstream side are located at both ends of the bottom side and are vertical On the bottom side, the height of the upstream side is higher than that of the downstream side, and the top slope is provided with an air vent communicating with the lower end of the air pipe.
进一步地，所述上游侧面的高度与下游侧面的高度比为1.5:1-5:1。Further, the ratio of the height of the upstream side to the height of the downstream side is 1.5:1-5:1.
进一步地，所述通气管为圆柱或者正棱柱构型。Further, the ventilation pipe is in the shape of a cylinder or a regular prism.
进一步地，所述泄洪洞缓坡段、泄洪洞陡坡段和掺气结构采用整体浇筑的方式进行建造。Further, the gentle slope section of the spillway tunnel, the steep slope section of the spillway tunnel and the aerated structure are constructed by integral pouring.
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明所述的泄洪洞利用掺气结构代替抛物线作为缓坡段与陡坡段的连接结构，结构型式简单，同时可以起到常规掺气结构的减蚀作用，大大简化了结构设计难度，减少了设计研究工作量，同时节省了工程成本。所述缓坡段、陡坡段和掺气结构的底板均为平面，设计难度较小，现场施工过程中不需定制专用曲面模板，利用通用定型模板即可满足结构混凝土的浇筑需要，不需投入额外的人力和施工费用，备仓较简单，且底板为平面结构，可采用拉模施工方式，精度要求相对较易满足。本发明所述泄洪洞可以采用整体浇筑的方式建造，施工时间短，施工费用能得到进一步节省。The flood discharge tunnel described in the present invention uses an air-entrained structure instead of a parabola as the connection structure between the gentle slope section and the steep slope section. Research workload is reduced while saving engineering costs. The base plates of the gentle slope section, the steep slope section and the aerated structure are all flat, and the design is less difficult. During the on-site construction process, there is no need to customize a special curved surface formwork, and the general shaped formwork can be used to meet the pouring needs of the structural concrete without additional investment. The manpower and construction costs are relatively simple, and the bottom plate is a flat structure, and the drawing form construction method can be used, and the accuracy requirements are relatively easy to meet. The flood discharge tunnel of the present invention can be constructed by integral pouring, the construction time is short, and the construction cost can be further saved.
本发明所述泄洪洞掺气结构的通孔采取直角梯形四棱柱构型，可以避免泄洪水舌对通孔的阻挡作用，以保证通气量及通气效果，有效减轻高速水流对泄洪洞混凝土表面的空蚀破坏，保证泄洪洞整体运行正常。The through hole of the aeration structure of the flood discharge tunnel according to the present invention adopts a right-angled trapezoidal quadrangular prism configuration, which can avoid the blocking effect of the flood discharge tongue on the through hole, so as to ensure the ventilation volume and ventilation effect, and effectively reduce the impact of high-speed water flow on the concrete surface of the flood discharge tunnel. Cavitation damage ensures the normal operation of the spillway tunnel as a whole.
通过验证，利用本发明所述的掺气结构作为缓坡段与陡坡段的连接结构，其水力学条件与抛物线过渡段连接结构基本相当，水流平顺，流态较好，过流面未产生负压；同时，通过掺气结构的掺气作用，有效避免了陡坡段高速水流的空蚀破坏，保证了泄洪洞运行安全。Through verification, using the aeration structure described in the present invention as the connection structure between the gentle slope section and the steep slope section, its hydraulic conditions are basically equivalent to the connection structure of the parabolic transition section, the water flow is smooth, the flow state is good, and no negative pressure is generated on the flow surface ; At the same time, through the aeration effect of the aeration structure, the cavitation damage of the high-speed water flow in the steep slope section is effectively avoided, and the operation safety of the flood discharge tunnel is guaranteed.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明所述泄洪洞缓坡与陡坡连接结构的纵剖面图；Fig. 1 is the longitudinal sectional view of the gentle slope and the steep slope connection structure of the spillway tunnel described in the present invention;
图2为本发明所述泄洪洞缓坡与陡坡连接结构的平面图；Fig. 2 is the plane view of the connection structure between the gentle slope and the steep slope of the flood discharge tunnel of the present invention;
图3为本发明所述泄洪洞缓坡与陡坡连接结构的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the connection structure between the gentle slope and the steep slope of the flood discharge tunnel according to the present invention;
图4为本发明所述通孔的结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the through hole of the present invention.
图中：In the picture:
缓坡段1；陡坡段2；掺气结构3；垂直跌坎3.1；通孔3.2；通气管3.3；进风口3.4；端面3.2.1；底侧面3.2.2；上游侧面3.2.3；下游侧面3.2.4；顶侧斜面3.2.5；通气口3.2.5.1；侧墙4；顶板5；Gentle slope section 1; steep slope section 2; aeration structure 3; vertical drop sill 3.1; through hole 3.2; ventilation pipe 3.3; air inlet 3.4; end face 3.2.1; bottom side 3.2.2; upstream side 3.2.3; downstream side 3.2 .4; top slope 3.2.5; vent 3.2.5.1; side wall 4; roof 5;
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合附图详细说明本发明的实施情况，但它们不构成对本发明的限定，仅作举例而已。同时通过和具体实施对本发明作进一步的详细描述。The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but they do not constitute a limitation to the present invention, and are only examples. At the same time, the present invention will be further described in detail through and specific implementation.
本发明所述“整体浇筑”是指掺气结构3部位及紧邻的泄洪洞缓坡段1和泄洪洞陡坡段2采用通用平面模板进行混凝土整体浇筑施工。"Integral pouring" in the present invention means that the aerated structure 3 and the adjacent gentle slope section 1 and steep slope section 2 of the spillway tunnel use a general planar formwork for integral concrete pouring construction.
以某水电站工程为例，其左岸设置三条均以掺气结构作为缓坡段与陡坡段连接结构的泄洪洞。Taking a hydropower station project as an example, three spillway tunnels are set up on the left bank, all of which use aerated structures as the connection structure between the gentle slope section and the steep slope section.
如图1和图2所示的泄洪洞缓坡与陡坡连接结构，它包括位于上游的缓坡段1和位于下游的陡坡段2，在缓坡段1和陡坡段2之间设有掺气结构3。所述缓坡段1、陡坡段2的底板均为倾斜的平面并且前端高于后端。所述掺气结构3的底板为水平设置。As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the connection structure between the gentle slope and the steep slope of the spillway includes an upstream gentle slope section 1 and a downstream steep slope section 2, and an aeration structure 3 is arranged between the gentle slope section 1 and the steep slope section 2. The bottom plates of the gentle slope section 1 and the steep slope section 2 are both inclined planes and the front end is higher than the rear end. The bottom plate of the aeration structure 3 is arranged horizontally.
如图1-图4所示，所述掺气结构3的掺气坎采取垂直跌坎3.1的形式，所述垂直跌坎3.1的两端设有通孔3.2，两个所述通孔3.2分别位于两侧墙4的底部。所述通孔3.2为直角梯形四棱柱构型；其中，左、右两个端面3.2.1为直角梯形，底侧面3.2.2与垂直跌坎3.1的底板等宽并且共面，上游侧面3.2.3和下游侧面3.2.4位于底侧面3.2.2两端并且垂直于底侧面3.2.2，所述上游侧面3.2.3的高度高于下游侧面3.2.4的高度，在本实施例的三条泄洪洞中，所述上游侧面3.2.3的高度与下游侧面3.2.4的高度比为1.5:1。两侧分别与上游侧面3.2.3和下游侧面3.2.4连接的顶侧斜面3.2.5上设有通气口3.2.5.1，所述通气口3.2.5.1与通气管3.2.3下端连通。As shown in Figures 1-4, the aeration sill of the aeration structure 3 is in the form of a vertical drop 3.1, and the two ends of the vertical drop 3.1 are provided with through holes 3.2, and the two through holes 3.2 are respectively Located at the bottom of both side walls 4. The through hole 3.2 is a right-angled trapezoidal quadrangular prism configuration; wherein, the left and right two end faces 3.2.1 are right-angled trapezoidal, the bottom side 3.2.2 is equal in width and coplanar with the bottom plate of the vertical drop 3.1, and the upstream side 3.2. 3 and the downstream side 3.2.4 are located at both ends of the bottom side 3.2.2 and are perpendicular to the bottom side 3.2.2, the height of the upstream side 3.2.3 is higher than the height of the downstream side 3.2.4, in the three flood discharges of this embodiment In the hole, the ratio of the height of the upstream side 3.2.3 to the height of the downstream side 3.2.4 is 1.5:1. Ventilation openings 3.2.5.1 are provided on the top inclined surface 3.2.5 connected to the upstream side 3.2.3 and the downstream side 3.2.4 on both sides respectively, and the ventilation openings 3.2.5.1 communicate with the lower end of the ventilation pipe 3.2.3.
所述掺气结构3还包括设置在两侧墙4内的通气管3.3以及设置在两侧墙4对应顶板5内的进风口3.4。两个所述通气管3.3采用圆柱构型，其下端分别与对应的通孔3.2连接、上端分别与对应的进风口3.4连接，所述进风口3.4与大气连通。The aeration structure 3 also includes a ventilation pipe 3.3 arranged in the two side walls 4 and an air inlet 3.4 arranged in the corresponding top plate 5 of the two side walls 4 . The two ventilation pipes 3.3 adopt a cylindrical configuration, the lower ends of which are respectively connected to the corresponding through holes 3.2, and the upper ends are respectively connected to the corresponding air inlets 3.4, and the air inlets 3.4 communicate with the atmosphere.
本实施例泄洪洞的建造方发如下：The construction side of the present embodiment spillway is as follows:
①采用常规施工方法(钢模台车施工、定型模板施工等)对泄洪洞缓坡段1和泄洪洞陡坡段2进行施工；①Construction of the gentle slope section 1 of the flood discharge tunnel and the steep slope section 2 of the flood discharge tunnel shall be carried out by conventional construction methods (construction of steel formwork trolley, construction of shaped formwork, etc.);
②在掺气结构3部位及紧邻的泄洪洞缓坡段1和泄洪洞陡坡段2采用通用平面模板进行混凝土整体浇筑施工(底板亦可采用拉模施工方式)；②Using general planar formwork for integral concrete pouring construction at the position of aerated structure 3 and the adjacent gentle slope section 1 and steep slope section 2 of the spillway tunnel (the bottom plate can also be constructed by drawing formwork);
③对泄洪洞结构表面进行抹面，以满足结构精度要求。③ Wipe the surface of the spillway tunnel structure to meet the structural accuracy requirements.
本实施例中，由于采用掺气结构3取代了常规的抛物线过渡段的连接方式，大大简化了结构设计难度及施工难度，简化了施工工艺，且提高了泄洪洞正常运行安全性，不考虑工期提前的间接经济效益，节约工程直接投资约10.2万元，详见表1。In this embodiment, since the aerated structure 3 is used to replace the conventional parabolic transition section connection method, the difficulty of structural design and construction is greatly simplified, the construction process is simplified, and the normal operation safety of the flood tunnel is improved, regardless of the construction period The indirect economic benefits in advance save about 102,000 yuan in project direct investment, see Table 1 for details.
表1施工项目成本节约对比简表Table 1 Summary table of construction project cost savings comparison
本实施例中，本发明所述的掺气结构作为缓坡段与陡坡段的连接结构，其水力学条件与抛物线过渡段连接结构基本相当，水流平顺，流态较好，过流面未产生负压；同时，通过掺气结构的掺气作用，有效避免了陡坡段高速水流的空蚀破坏，保证了泄洪洞运行安全。模型试验成果详见表2。In this embodiment, the air-entrained structure of the present invention is used as the connection structure between the gentle slope section and the steep slope section, and its hydraulic conditions are basically equivalent to the connection structure of the parabolic transition section. At the same time, through the aeration effect of the aeration structure, the cavitation damage of the high-speed water flow in the steep slope section is effectively avoided, and the operation safety of the spillway tunnel is guaranteed. The model test results are shown in Table 2.
表2模型试验成果对比简表Table 2 Comparison list of model test results
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109457675A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-03-12 | 杨凌职业技术学院 | A kind of bottom aeration contraction type for water discharging structure energy dissipating chooses bank structure |
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