CN107719358A - A kind of distance increasing unit optimizes progress control method - Google Patents
A kind of distance increasing unit optimizes progress control method Download PDFInfo
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- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/11—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand using model predictive control [MPC] strategies, i.e. control methods based on models predicting performance
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
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- B60W30/188—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
- B60W30/1882—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power characterised by the working point of the engine, e.g. by using engine output chart
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60W2510/0638—Engine speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种増程器优化运行控制方法，适用于将増程器作为第二动力源的纯电动汽车，本发明属于新能源汽车动力技术领域。本发明综合考虑増程器油耗、排放和振动噪声对増程器实际运行工况影响，利用插值法和非线性回归的方法，分别拟合了増程器关于转速—转矩的多目标函数；运用多目标粒子群算法和自适应权重分配方法，结合増程器的转速、转矩约束，对多目标函数模型进行优化求解，获得増程器最优工作点。本发明能够根据城市排放法规、道路状况和经济需求实时调整目标权重分配，获得増程器优化工作点，可以使増程器动力系统工作在“经济、绿色、舒适、折中”四个区域。
The invention discloses a method for controlling optimal operation of a range extender, which is suitable for pure electric vehicles using the range extender as a second power source, and belongs to the technical field of new energy vehicle power. The present invention comprehensively considers the influence of the fuel consumption, emission and vibration noise of the range extender on the actual operating conditions of the range extender, and uses the interpolation method and the non-linear regression method to respectively fit the multi-objective function of the range extender on the speed-torque; Using the multi-objective particle swarm algorithm and adaptive weight distribution method, combined with the speed and torque constraints of the range extender, the multi-objective function model is optimized and solved to obtain the optimal operating point of the range extender. The present invention can adjust target weight distribution in real time according to urban emission regulations, road conditions and economic needs, obtain the optimal working point of the range extender, and make the power system of the range extender work in four areas of "economy, green, comfort, and compromise".
Description
一、技术领域1. Technical field
本发明属于新能源动力汽车技术领域，具体涉及一种电动汽车用増程器优化运行控制方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy vehicles, and in particular relates to a method for controlling optimal operation of a range extender for electric vehicles.
二、技术背景2. Technical background
面对日益严峻的气候和能源形势，电动汽车以其节能环保的巨大优势受到各国政府越来越多的重视。但是，当前动力电池存在价格高、能量密度低、充电时间长等问题，限制了电动汽车的大规模推广。在动力电池短期内不能获得较大性能提升的背景下，各种形式的混合动力汽车应运而生。其中，增程式电动汽车(extended range electric vehicle，EREV)作为纯电动汽车的过渡车型，以其效率高、电池容量小、续驶里程长等优点受到了广泛的关注。Facing the increasingly severe climate and energy situation, electric vehicles have attracted more and more attention from governments due to their great advantages in energy saving and environmental protection. However, the current power batteries have problems such as high price, low energy density, and long charging time, which limit the large-scale promotion of electric vehicles. Under the background that the power battery cannot obtain a large performance improvement in the short term, various forms of hybrid vehicles have emerged as the times require. Among them, the extended range electric vehicle (EREV), as a transitional model of pure electric vehicles, has received widespread attention due to its advantages of high efficiency, small battery capacity, and long driving range.
增程式电动汽车是一种纯电动驱动行驶的插电式串联混合动力汽车，其动力系统由动力电池、动力驱动装置以及增程器和整车控制系统组成。如图1所示，增程器本质上是可加装在纯电动汽车上的小型辅助动力单元(Auxiliary Power Unit:APU)。增程器由发动机、发电机、发电机控制器构成。增程器和整车直流母线直接相连，与整车不存在机械连接。其与传统燃油车相比，增程器发动机可控制在最佳工作状态，具有高效和低排放的特点；与纯电动汽车相比，增程式电动车所需电池容量小、成本低，且不会缺电抛锚；与强混合动力车相比，发动机与驱动系统没有机械耦合，避免了频繁工作模式切换。而且增程器的输出功率和电流可控，易采用更灵活的电池充放策略，有利于延长电池使用寿命。The range-extended electric vehicle is a plug-in series hybrid electric vehicle driven by pure electric drive, and its power system is composed of a power battery, a power drive device, a range extender and a vehicle control system. As shown in Figure 1, the range extender is essentially a small auxiliary power unit (Auxiliary Power Unit: APU) that can be added to a pure electric vehicle. The range extender is composed of an engine, a generator and a generator controller. The range extender is directly connected to the DC bus of the vehicle, and there is no mechanical connection with the vehicle. Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, the engine of the range extender can be controlled in the best working state, which has the characteristics of high efficiency and low emission; compared with pure electric vehicles, the battery capacity of the extended range electric vehicle is small, the cost is low, and it does not It will break down due to power shortage; compared with strong hybrid vehicles, there is no mechanical coupling between the engine and the drive system, which avoids frequent switching of working modes. Moreover, the output power and current of the range extender are controllable, and it is easy to adopt a more flexible battery charging and discharging strategy, which is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the battery.
増程器运行优化控制，关键是要使増程器运行在最优工作点，以提高整车能量利用率，在满足整车动力需求和续航里程的前提下，提高整车的经济性、舒适性和环保性。这就需要对増程器的燃油特性、排放特性以及振动噪声特性进行合理控制。目前，针对増程器运行优化研究一般只考虑了单目标优化或双目标优化问题，例如有的只考虑燃油经济性，有的考虑燃油经济性和排放性，缺乏综合考虑燃油特性、排放特性和振声特性三个重要因素的优化控制方法。The key to the optimal control of the range extender operation is to make the range extender operate at the optimal working point to improve the energy utilization rate of the vehicle, and improve the economy and comfort of the vehicle on the premise of meeting the power demand and cruising range of the vehicle. sex and environmental protection. This requires reasonable control of the fuel characteristics, emission characteristics, and vibration and noise characteristics of the range extender. At present, the research on the operation optimization of range extenders generally only considers single-objective optimization or dual-objective optimization. For example, some only consider fuel economy, while others consider fuel economy and emissions. Optimal control method for three important factors of vibration-acoustic characteristics.
三、发明内容3. Contents of the invention
本发明应用多目标粒子群算法和线性加权法，突破发动机工作点单参数或双参数优化限制，综合考虑发动机工作过程中的振动噪声、油耗和排放对增程器发动机实际运行工况影响，建立了多目标优化模型，同时结合増程器实际工作中机电约束，引入各参数权重因子，对增程器全局工作点进行优化。The present invention applies multi-objective particle swarm algorithm and linear weighting method, breaks through the single-parameter or double-parameter optimization limitation of the engine operating point, comprehensively considers the influence of vibration noise, fuel consumption and emissions during the engine working process on the actual operating conditions of the range extender engine, and establishes A multi-objective optimization model is established, and at the same time combined with the electromechanical constraints in the actual work of the range extender, the weight factors of each parameter are introduced to optimize the global operating point of the range extender.
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:
1.通过大量实验测量増程器的油耗率、HC排放、CO排放、NOx排放、机体振动烈度和辐射噪声声压级，利用测量数据绘制各单元的MAP图。1. Measure the fuel consumption rate, HC emission, CO emission, NOx emission, body vibration intensity and radiated noise sound pressure level of the range extender through a large number of experiments, and use the measurement data to draw the MAP diagram of each unit.
2.根据实验数据采用双三次插值法，分别得到増程器的转速-转矩-油耗特性fFC(n,T)、转速-转矩-HC排放特性fHC(n,T)、转速-转矩-CO排放特性fCO(n,T)、转速-转矩-NOx排放特性fNOx(n,T)。2. According to the experimental data, the bicubic interpolation method is used to obtain the speed-torque-fuel consumption characteristics f FC (n,T), the speed-torque-HC emission characteristics f HC (n,T), and the speed- Torque-CO emission characteristics f CO (n,T), speed-torque-NOx emission characteristics f NOx (n,T).
3.根据实验数据运用二元多项式模型，通过非线性回归的方法拟合増程器机体振动烈度Vs和1m包络面辐射噪声声压级与増程器转速和转矩间的关系函数： 3. Based on the experimental data, use the bivariate polynomial model to fit the vibration intensity V s of the range extender body and the radiated noise sound pressure level of the 1m envelope surface through the method of nonlinear regression The relationship function between speed and torque of range extender:
4.増程器运行优化问题可以描述为含有fFC，fHC，fCO，fNOx，和6个目标函数，以増程器转速n和转矩T为优化变量的最小化多目标优化问题，即4. The operation optimization problem of the range extender can be described as including f FC , f HC , f CO , f NOx , with 6 objective functions, the minimization multi-objective optimization problem with the speed n and torque T of the range extender as optimization variables, namely
5.考虑増程器转速、转矩机械约束，増程器转速-转矩由发动机和发电机外特性共同决定。増程器最大转矩为发电机最大转矩和发动机最大转矩中的较小值，増程器最小转矩为发电机最小转矩和发动机最小转矩中的较大值。増程器转速的约束于转矩约束同理。5. Considering the mechanical constraints of the speed and torque of the range extender, the speed-torque of the range extender is jointly determined by the external characteristics of the engine and generator. The maximum torque of the range extender is the smaller value of the maximum torque of the generator and the maximum torque of the engine, and the minimum torque of the range extender is the larger value of the minimum torque of the generator and the minimum torque of the engine. The speed limit of the range extender is the same as the torque limit.
6.应用多目标粒子群算法对増程器多目标优化模型进行寻优求解，得到Pareto最优解集。应用线性加权法，引入权重因子W，根据对増程器油耗、排放、振动、噪声等6种优化目标的不同侧重，确定6种优化目标的权重值W＝(w1,w2,w3,w4,w5,w6)。可以根据车辆的油耗、排放、振动和噪声测试结果有针对性的调整权重值，使车辆油耗、排放和振动噪声性能达到相应标准要求，也可以根据城市排放法规、道路状况和经济需求实时的调整权重值。6. Apply the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the multi-objective optimization model of the range extender, and obtain the Pareto optimal solution set. Apply the linear weighting method, introduce the weight factor W, and determine the weight value of the six optimization objectives W=(w 1 ,w 2 ,w 3 ,w 4 ,w 5 ,w 6 ). The weight value can be adjusted in a targeted manner according to the fuel consumption, emission, vibration and noise test results of the vehicle, so that the fuel consumption, emission and vibration and noise performance of the vehicle can meet the corresponding standard requirements, and can also be adjusted in real time according to urban emission regulations, road conditions and economic needs Weights.
7.根据优化方案，把増程器优化运行工作点分为“经济、绿色、舒适、折中”四个区域。其中“经济”代表増程器处于最低油耗工作区，燃油权重因子“w1”占比最高；“绿色”代表増程器处于最低排放工作区，排放权重因子“w2,w3,w4”占比最高；“舒适”代表増程器处于最小的振动、噪声工作区，舒适权重因子“w5,w6”占比最高；“折中”代表増程器处于综合工作区，综合考虑燃油、排放和振动噪声。7. According to the optimization plan, the optimal operating point of the range extender is divided into four areas: "economy, green, comfort, and compromise". Among them, "economy" means that the range extender is in the lowest fuel consumption working area, and the fuel weight factor "w 1 " has the highest proportion; "green" means that the range extender is in the lowest emission working area, and the emission weight factors are "w 2 ,w 3 ,w 4 " has the highest proportion; "comfortable" means that the range extender is in the minimum vibration and noise working area, and the comfort weight factor "w 5 , w 6 " has the highest proportion; "compromise" means that the range extender is in the comprehensive working area Fuel, emissions and vibration noise.
四、附图说明4. Description of drawings
图1是本发明提供的电动汽车増程器装置示意图；Fig. 1 is the electric vehicle range extender device schematic diagram provided by the present invention;
图2是考虑油耗、排放、振声特性的多目标优化控制方法流程图；Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a multi-objective optimal control method considering fuel consumption, emission, and vibration-acoustic characteristics;
图3是増程器振动噪声特性map；Fig. 3 is a map of the vibration and noise characteristics of the range extender;
图4是増程器排放特性map；Fig. 4 is a range extender emission characteristic map;
图5是増程器最优工作区域分布情况。Fig. 5 is the optimal working area distribution of the range extender.
五、具体实施方式5. Specific implementation
1.针对某排量为1.2L，峰值功率为45kw的自然吸气汽油发动机和峰值扭矩为120Nm，额定功率为30kW的永磁同步发电机，分别在不同的转速、转矩点上测量増程器的油耗率、HC排放、CO排放、NO排放、机体振动烈度和辐射噪声声压级，利用测量数据绘制机体振动烈度MAP(如图3(a)所示)和辐射噪声声压级MAP(如图3(b)所示)。1. For a naturally aspirated gasoline engine with a displacement of 1.2L and a peak power of 45kw and a permanent magnet synchronous generator with a peak torque of 120Nm and a rated power of 30kW, the range extension is measured at different speeds and torque points The fuel consumption rate, HC emission, CO emission, NO emission, airframe vibration intensity and radiated noise sound pressure level of the engine are plotted using the measured data to draw the airframe vibration intensity MAP (as shown in Figure 3(a)) and the radiated noise sound pressure level MAP ( As shown in Figure 3(b)).
2.根据实验数据采用双三次插值法，分别得到増程器的转速-转矩-油耗特性fFC(n,T)(如图4(a)所示)、转速-转矩-HC排放特性fHC(n,T)(如图4(b)所示)、转速-转矩-CO排放特性fCO(n,T)(如图4(c)所示)、转速-转矩-NOx排放特性fNOx(n,T)(如图4(d)所示)。2. According to the experimental data, the bicubic interpolation method is used to obtain the speed-torque-fuel consumption characteristics f FC (n, T) of the range extender (as shown in Figure 4(a)), and the speed-torque-HC emission characteristics f HC (n, T) (as shown in Fig. 4(b)), speed-torque-CO emission characteristics f CO (n, T) (as shown in Fig. 4(c)), speed-torque-NOx Emission characteristics f NOx (n, T) (as shown in Fig. 4(d)).
3.运用二元多项式模型通过非线性回归的方法拟合増程器机体振动烈度Vs、1m包络面辐射噪声声压级与増程器转速和转矩间的关系函数： 3. Use the bivariate polynomial model to fit the vibration intensity V s of the range extender body and the radiated noise sound pressure level of the 1m envelope surface through the nonlinear regression method The relationship function between speed and torque of range extender:
4.増程器油耗、排放和振动噪声多目标优化问题可以描述为下式含有6个目标的函数，以増程器转速n和转矩T为优化变量的最小多目标优化问题，即4. The multi-objective optimization problem of fuel consumption, emission, vibration and noise of the range extender can be described as a function with 6 objectives in the following formula, and the minimum multi-objective optimization problem with the speed n and torque T of the range extender as optimization variables, namely
其中増程器的转速和转矩受到以下条件约束：The speed and torque of the range extender are subject to the following conditions:
式中：Tmin、Tmax和nmin、nmax分别为増程器的最高、最低转矩和最低、最高转速，Temin、Temax和nemin、nemax分别为发动机的最低、最高转矩和最低、最高转速，Tgmin、Tgmax和ngmin、ngmax分别为发电机的最低、最高转矩和最低、最高转速。In the formula: T min , T max and n min , n max are the maximum and minimum torque and the minimum and maximum speed of the range extender respectively; Te min , Te max and ne min and ne max are the minimum and maximum speed of the engine respectively Tg min , Tg max and ng min , ng max are the minimum and maximum torque and the minimum and maximum speed of the generator respectively.
整车控制器向増程器发出功率需求Pcmd∈R，这里R指整个増程器的机械特性所允许的全部转速、转矩区间，此时优化变量(n，T)应满足The vehicle controller sends a power demand P cmd ∈ R to the range extender, where R refers to the entire range of speed and torque allowed by the mechanical characteristics of the entire range extender. At this time, the optimization variable (n, T) should satisfy
5.分别应用多目标粒子群算法和线性加权法对増程器多目标优化模型进行寻优，基于多目标优化模型的Pareto最优解分布情况如图5(图中“+”)所示，图中还显示了最佳油耗点(图中“△”)、最佳排放点(图中)、最佳振动烈度点(图中“□”)和最佳辐射声压级点(图中“◇”)。当权重因子W＝(0.4,0.1,0.1,0.2,0.1,0.1)时，其最终解区域为图中“○”所示。5. Use the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm and the linear weighting method to optimize the multi-objective optimization model of the range extender. The distribution of Pareto optimal solutions based on the multi-objective optimization model is shown in Figure 5 ("+" in the figure). The figure also shows the best fuel consumption point ("△" in the figure), the best discharge point (in the figure ), the best vibration intensity point ("□" in the figure) and the best radiation sound pressure level point ("◇" in the figure). When the weight factor W=(0.4, 0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.1, 0.1), the final solution area is shown by "○" in the figure.
有益效果：Beneficial effect:
通过以上实施例可以看到，所提出的増程器优化运行控制方法综合考虑了増程式电动汽车在运行工程中的油耗特性、排放特性和振动噪声特性，能够根据实际需求调整权重因子来改善整车的燃油经济性、绿色环保性和乘坐舒适性。It can be seen from the above examples that the proposed control method for optimal operation of the range extender comprehensively considers the fuel consumption characteristics, emission characteristics, and vibration and noise characteristics of the range extender electric vehicle in the operation project, and can adjust the weight factors according to actual needs to improve the overall performance. The fuel economy, environmental protection and ride comfort of the car.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112124316B (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2022-09-13 | 北京车和家信息技术有限公司 | Method and device for determining torque limit value |
| CN111723487A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-29 | 厦门理工学院 | A method, device, equipment and storage device for optimizing operating point of a range extender |
| CN112477633A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-12 | 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 | Multipoint control method and control system for range-extended electric vehicle |
| CN119160006A (en) * | 2024-09-18 | 2024-12-20 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | A method, device, equipment and medium for selecting and switching working point of range extender |
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