CN107696770B - Automatic carving equipment based on manual operation - Google Patents
Automatic carving equipment based on manual operation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107696770B CN107696770B CN201711045721.4A CN201711045721A CN107696770B CN 107696770 B CN107696770 B CN 107696770B CN 201711045721 A CN201711045721 A CN 201711045721A CN 107696770 B CN107696770 B CN 107696770B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR TOOLS FOR ARTISTIC WORK, e.g. FOR SCULPTURING, GUILLOCHING, CARVING, BRANDING, INLAYING
- B44B1/00—Artist's machines or apparatus equipped with tools or work holders moving or able to be controlled three-dimensionally for making single sculptures or models
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR TOOLS FOR ARTISTIC WORK, e.g. FOR SCULPTURING, GUILLOCHING, CARVING, BRANDING, INLAYING
- B44B1/00—Artist's machines or apparatus equipped with tools or work holders moving or able to be controlled three-dimensionally for making single sculptures or models
- B44B1/06—Accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR TOOLS FOR ARTISTIC WORK, e.g. FOR SCULPTURING, GUILLOCHING, CARVING, BRANDING, INLAYING
- B44B3/00—Artist's machines or apparatus equipped with tools or work holders moving or able to be controlled substantially two- dimensionally for carving, engraving, or guilloching shallow ornamenting or markings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR TOOLS FOR ARTISTIC WORK, e.g. FOR SCULPTURING, GUILLOCHING, CARVING, BRANDING, INLAYING
- B44B3/00—Artist's machines or apparatus equipped with tools or work holders moving or able to be controlled substantially two- dimensionally for carving, engraving, or guilloching shallow ornamenting or markings
- B44B3/06—Accessories, e.g. tool or work holders
- B44B3/065—Work holders
Abstract
The invention relates to automatic engraving equipment based on manual operation, which comprises a detection machine, an automatic engraving machine and an upper computer, wherein the detection machine is used for detecting the position of a workpiece; the detection machine comprises a manual engraving machine, a plurality of displacement sensors and a rotary encoder; the signal output ends of the displacement sensors and the rotary encoder are electrically connected to an upper computer; the main frame of the automatic engraving machine is a prototype of a manual engraving machine, and the automatic engraving machine further comprises a first motor, a second motor, a third motor, a fourth motor, a fifth motor, a sixth motor and a seventh motor which are arranged at each action position; the control end of each motor is electrically connected to the upper computer. The invention realizes the purpose of simulating manual operation to carry out automatic processing, has the same product effect as the manual processing effect, has high customer acceptance, reduces the labor intensity and improves the processing efficiency by means of the equipment, has simple equipment structure and convenient processing and reconstruction, and lays a foundation for large-scale automatic processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of jewelry processing, in particular to automatic engraving equipment based on manual operation.
Background
The jewelry engraving has certain artistic attributes, the flower shape obtained through pure computer programming is often too rigid, the artistic sense is not generated, and the customer acceptance is low. The carved jewelry product with high added value is generally manually operated by a skilled worker with high skill, wherein the operation comprises extremely fine operation techniques and aesthetic inspiration and comprehension of the skilled worker, particularly, a more special operation technique is needed for some special flower shapes, and the operation technique is usually only in the thought of the skilled worker, so that the effect of manual processing is difficult to achieve through computer programming on the fine operation technique.
For large-scale jewelry processing enterprises, the cost is high, the efficiency is low, the culture difficulty of engraving technicians is high, the culture period is long, and the problems of high personnel mobility and the like are also accompanied.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for an automatic engraving system capable of performing automatic processing and satisfying customer acceptance, that is: the effect of manual processing is achieved through automatic processing, and therefore the aesthetic requirements of customers are met.
The workpieces which can be processed by the scheme comprise beads, rings, bracelets, pendants, paillette ornaments and the like, and the corresponding clamps can be replaced according to different workpieces.
The scheme takes common bead string type jewelry processing as an example for explanation. The blank workpiece to be engraved is a bead-shaped workpiece such as a spherical bead, a cylindrical bead or other special-shaped beads. The manual engraving machine is briefly described below with reference to the attached drawing 1 of the specification.
In fig. 1, the engraving machine includes a machine table 1, a base 2 is arranged on the machine table 1, a first slide seat 3 driven by a first hand wheel driving mechanism is arranged on the base 2 in a left-right direction in a sliding manner, a second slide seat 4 driven by a second hand wheel driving mechanism is arranged on the first slide seat 3 in a front-back direction in a sliding manner, a rotating seat 5 driven by the hand wheel driving mechanism is arranged on the second slide seat 4 in a rotating manner, a fourth slide seat 6 driven by a fourth hand wheel driving mechanism is arranged on the rotating seat 5 in a left-right direction in a sliding manner, and a fifth slide seat 7 driven by a fifth hand wheel driving mechanism is arranged on the fourth slide seat 6 in a front-back direction in a sliding manner.
Two ejector rods 8 which are arranged oppositely are rotatably arranged on the fifth sliding seat 7, a sixth hand wheel 9 is arranged at the end part of one ejector rod 8, the other ejector rod 8 can axially slide together with an installation bearing of the other ejector rod 8, when the ejector rods 8 axially slide outwards, a clamp is opened, a workpiece 10 is arranged between the inner end parts of the two ejector rods 8, the two ejector rods 8 form a clamp, and the clamp can be opened and can be driven to rotate by the sixth hand wheel 9. To the concrete installation of two ejector pins 8, a anchor clamps curb plate 11 is installed respectively to the both ends of fifth slide 7, and two ejector pins 8 rotate respectively and install on anchor clamps curb plate 11, and spring return mechanism is installed to slidable ejector pin 8 rear portion, when needs open anchor clamps, outwards drags ejector pin 8 open, packs into the work piece after, unclamps ejector pin 8, and under the elasticity effect, two ejector pins 8 press from both sides the work piece tightly.
Each slide seat adopts a slide mounting structure of a slide block 12 and a slide groove 121 in a matching mode, the hand wheel driving mechanism comprises a hand wheel and a lead screw driving mechanism, a threaded hole or a screw nut is formed in the slide block 12, the lead screw driving mechanism comprises a lead screw 13 matched with the threaded hole or the screw nut and a lead screw supporting seat 14 installed at one end of the slide groove 121, the hand wheel is fixedly installed at the end part of the lead screw 13, and the lead screw 13 is rotatably installed on the lead screw supporting seat 14. The lead screw 13 can be driven to rotate by rotating the hand wheel, so that the slide block 12 and the slide seat are driven to slide linearly. The first, second, fourth and fifth hand wheel driving mechanisms are linearly displaced, and hand wheels of the first, second, fourth and fifth hand wheel driving mechanisms are respectively a first hand wheel 15, a second hand wheel 16, a fourth hand wheel 17 and a fifth hand wheel 18 which are used for manual operation. The hand wheel rotation driving mechanism comprises a third hand wheel 19 and a synchronous belt transmission mechanism, the synchronous belt transmission mechanism comprises a driving belt wheel and a driven belt wheel, the driving belt wheel and the driven belt wheel are coaxially mounted with the third hand wheel 19, the driven belt wheel is mounted below the rotating seat 5, and the two belt wheels are connected through a synchronous belt 26.
For the installation of the cutting tool, as shown in fig. 1, a column 20 is installed on one side of a base 2 on a machine table 1, a tool rest 21 is slidably installed on the top end of the column 20 and can be controlled to ascend and descend by a manual trigger 22, a tool bit 23 is driven to rotate by a main motor 24, and the machine table 1 is provided with a main motor switch 27. For the manual trigger driving mechanism, a structure that a sector gear is matched with a rack is generally adopted, namely, the sector gear is arranged on a hinged shaft of the trigger, the rack matched with the gear is arranged on the upright post 20, meanwhile, a return spring is connected on the trigger, when in operation, the trigger 22 is pressed by hand, the trigger 22 drives the sector gear to rotate, the whole knife rest 21 moves downwards under the action of the rack, the trigger 22 is loosened, the trigger 22 reversely rotates and resets under the action of the return spring, and the knife rest 21 ascends. For the installation of the cutter head 23, the cutter head 23 is rotatably installed at the bottom of the cutter frame 21 through a bearing sleeve 25, the cutter head 23 is positioned right above the clamp, and the cutter head 23 is provided with a cutting blade.
The working principle of the manual engraving machine is as follows: taking a cylindrical bead as an example, the cylindrical bead is transversely arranged, and two ejector rods 8 are respectively abutted against two end parts of the cylindrical bead so as to clamp a workpiece; the right hand operates the trigger 22 to control the height of the tool post 21, so as to drive the tool bit 23 and the cutting blade on the tool bit to lift, the position of the cutting blade in specific processing is unchanged, the trigger 22 is slightly operated to control the cutting depth, and the cutting position is changed by moving and rotating the workpiece; the workpiece is moved and rotated by operating each hand wheel by a left hand, specifically, a first hand wheel 15 and a second hand wheel 16 are operated to roughly adjust the front-back and left-right positions of the workpiece, the position of the workpiece is adjusted to be right below a tool bit, then a main motor 24 is turned on, the tool bit is rotated, the tool bit is controlled to ascend and descend by the right hand to perform carving, meanwhile, the left hand is respectively operated to finely adjust the position of the workpiece by a third hand wheel 19, a fourth hand wheel 17, a fifth hand wheel 18 and a sixth hand wheel 9 to perform carving operation, the workpiece with the conventional size is machined without operating the first hand wheel 15 and the second hand wheel 16, and for certain workpieces with special sizes, the first hand wheel 15 and the second hand wheel 16 are also required to be operated; the third hand wheel 18 is used for adjusting the horizontal rotation position of the workpiece around the center of the workpiece, the fourth hand wheel 17 and the fifth hand wheel 18 are used for finely adjusting the front-back and left-right positions of the workpiece, and the sixth hand wheel 9 is used for adjusting the axial rotation position of the workpiece around the central axis of the workpiece.
Therefore, by using the manual engraving machine, an engraving technician needs to operate two hand wheels to adjust the reference position in the early stage, needs to control the trigger to adjust the lifting of the tool bit by the right hand during processing, needs to select and operate one of four or six hand wheels by the left hand, and finally processes a blank workpiece into a craft product with artistic aesthetic feeling by the repeated fine operation of the technician. The bead string workpieces are small in size and large in quantity, manual operation is low in efficiency, working strength is high, and the requirement for large-scale production is obviously difficult to meet.
Based on the problems, on the basis of a manual engraving machine, a precise sensor measuring technology and a precise motor control technology are combined, the applicant develops an automatic engraving method capable of simulating manual operation, and meanwhile, matched processing equipment is specially developed for realizing the method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing automatic engraving equipment based on manual operation, which can accurately simulate the manual operation action and carry out automatic machining, thereby reducing the labor intensity and improving the working efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problem, the engraving equipment is structurally characterized by comprising a detection machine, an automatic engraving machine and an upper computer.
The detection machine comprises a manual engraving machine, a plurality of displacement sensors for detecting displacement of each sliding seat and the tool rest of the manual engraving machine, a first rotary encoder for detecting the rotation angle of the rotating seat and a second rotary encoder for detecting the rotation angle of the ejector rod; the signal output ends of the displacement sensors and the rotary encoder are electrically connected to an upper computer;
the main frame of the automatic engraving machine is a prototype machine of a manual engraving machine, the prototype machine of the manual engraving machine comprises a machine table, a base, a first sliding seat, a second sliding seat, a rotating seat, a fourth sliding seat, a fifth sliding seat, a mandril, an upright post, a knife rest, a knife head and a main motor for driving the knife head to rotate, the automatic engraving machine further comprises a first motor capable of driving the first sliding seat to slide, a second motor capable of driving the second sliding seat to slide, a third motor capable of driving the rotating seat to rotate, a fourth motor capable of driving the fourth sliding seat to slide, a fifth motor capable of driving the fifth sliding seat to slide, a sixth motor capable of driving the mandril to rotate and a seventh motor capable of driving the knife rest to lift; the control end of each motor is electrically connected to the upper computer.
The first motor is arranged at the end part of the base, the second motor is arranged at the end part of the first sliding seat, the fourth motor is arranged at the end part of the rotating seat, the fifth motor is arranged at the end part of the fourth sliding seat, and the first motor, the second motor, the fourth motor and the fifth motor are all in power connection with the corresponding sliding seats through lead screw driving mechanisms; the third motor is fixedly arranged at the end part of the second sliding seat, and the power output end of the third motor is in power connection with the rotating seat through a synchronous belt transmission mechanism; the fourth motor is arranged at the end part of the fifth sliding seat, and the power output end of the fourth motor is connected with the outer end part of the ejector rod; the seventh motor is installed on the top end of the upright column and arranged downwards, the power output end of the seventh motor is connected with the lead screw, and the tool rest is provided with a screw matched with the lead screw.
In the detection machine, the displacement sensor comprises a first displacement sensor arranged between a first sliding seat and a base, a second displacement sensor arranged between a second sliding seat and the first sliding seat, a third displacement sensor arranged between a fourth sliding seat and a rotating seat, a fourth displacement sensor arranged between a fifth sliding seat and the fourth sliding seat and a fifth displacement sensor arranged between a tool rest and an upright post.
In the detection machine, the displacement sensor is a displacement sensor with a reading head matched with the grating ruler, and the positions close to the two end parts of the grating ruler are both provided with limit positions.
In the detection machine, a first rotary encoder and a third hand wheel are coaxially arranged at the end part of a second sliding seat; the second rotary encoder is installed at the end of the fifth sliding seat through a support, and an input shaft of the second rotary encoder is coaxially connected with the sixth hand wheel.
In the automatic carving machine, original point switches are installed on linear displacement positions driven by motors, and signal output ends of the original point switches are electrically connected to an upper computer.
The linear displacement positions comprise five linear displacement positions between a first sliding seat and a base, between a second sliding seat and the first sliding seat, between a fourth sliding seat and a rotating seat, between a fifth sliding seat and the fourth sliding seat and between a tool rest and an upright post of the automatic engraving machine.
The origin switch is a photoelectric sensing switch, and a reflector plate of the photoelectric sensing switch adopts a movable bonding type installation mode.
In the structure, based on the frame structure of the manual engraving machine, the detection machine is obtained by additionally arranging five linear displacement sensors and two rotary encoders on the manual engraving machine. The automatic engraving machine is obtained by removing all hand wheels and hand triggers of a manual engraving machine to obtain a prototype machine, and additionally installing precise servo motors at each action position on the basis of the prototype machine. The upper computer is internally provided with a CPU and a motor control circuit, is provided with a display screen and a mouse keyboard, and acquires sensor data in real time and stores a processing data packet of a workpiece for the automatic engraving machine to call.
In order to ensure the consistency of the initial machining positions of manual engraving and automatic engraving, the initial positions of the tool bits need to be ensured to be consistent in addition to ensuring that the cutting blades of the two machines are installed consistently when the tool bits are calibrated. For the calibration of the cutter head, the length of the cutter head extending out of the cutting blade of the automatic engraving machine is only required to be ensured to be consistent with that of the detection machine. And for the consistency of the initial machining position of the cutter head, the consistency can be ensured by adopting a mode of trial machining and adjusting the zero position of the motor for a plurality of times, but obviously, the mode is time-consuming, labor-consuming and can cause waste. The scheme adopts a mode of origin matching and origin execution, after an initial machining position of a cutter head is adjusted by a detector, the positions of each sliding seat, each rotating seat and each cutter rest are marked, then the same position of the automatic carving machine is marked and a motor is controlled to drive each moving part to move to the marked position, the position is used as the origin position of the motor, the origin position of the motor can be set through software or a mechanical or electronic induction switch is arranged on the marked position, and when the automatic carving machine is started, each motor can automatically search the origin position. In this case, preferably, the origin switch of the motor adopts a photoelectric switch structure, so that the feedback precision can be ensured, and meanwhile, the position of the induction sheet or the reflection sheet of the induction switch can be adjusted, so that the origin position can be adjusted more conveniently and directly.
In conclusion, the invention realizes the purpose of simulating manual operation to carry out automatic processing, the product effect is the same as the manual processing effect, the customer acceptance is high, by means of the equipment, the labor intensity is reduced, the processing efficiency is improved, the equipment structure is simple, the processing and transformation are convenient, and a foundation is laid for large-scale automatic processing.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional hand engraving machine;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a detecting machine in the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an automatic engraving machine in the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit schematic of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block flow diagram of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The equipment of the invention is based on a manual engraving machine, and is briefly introduced with reference to the attached figure 1 of the specification.
In fig. 1, the engraving machine includes a machine table 1, a base 2 is arranged on the machine table 1, a first slide seat 3 driven by a first hand wheel driving mechanism is arranged on the base 2 in a left-right direction in a sliding manner, a second slide seat 4 driven by a second hand wheel driving mechanism is arranged on the first slide seat 3 in a front-back direction in a sliding manner, a rotating seat 5 driven by the hand wheel driving mechanism is arranged on the second slide seat 4 in a rotating manner, a fourth slide seat 6 driven by a fourth hand wheel driving mechanism is arranged on the rotating seat 5 in a left-right direction in a sliding manner, and a fifth slide seat 7 driven by a fifth hand wheel driving mechanism is arranged on the fourth slide seat 6 in a front-back direction in a sliding manner. Two ejector rods 8 which are arranged oppositely are rotatably arranged on the fifth sliding seat 7, a sixth hand wheel 9 is arranged at the end part of one ejector rod 8, the other ejector rod 8 can axially slide together with an installation bearing of the other ejector rod 8, when the ejector rods 8 axially slide outwards, a clamp is opened, a workpiece 10 is arranged between the inner end parts of the two ejector rods 8, the two ejector rods 8 form a clamp, and the clamp can be opened and can be driven to rotate by the sixth hand wheel 9. To the concrete installation of two ejector pins 8, a anchor clamps curb plate 11 is installed respectively to the both ends of fifth slide 7, and two ejector pins 8 rotate respectively and install on anchor clamps curb plate 11, and spring return mechanism is installed to slidable ejector pin 8 rear portion, when needs open anchor clamps, outwards drags ejector pin 8 open, packs into the work piece after, unclamps ejector pin 8, and under the elasticity effect, two ejector pins 8 press from both sides the work piece tightly. Each slide seat adopts a slide mounting structure of a slide block 12 and a slide groove 121 in a matching mode, the hand wheel driving mechanism comprises a hand wheel and a lead screw driving mechanism, a threaded hole or a screw nut is formed in the slide block 12, the lead screw driving mechanism comprises a lead screw 13 matched with the threaded hole or the screw nut and a lead screw supporting seat 14 installed at one end of the slide groove 121, the hand wheel is fixedly installed at the end part of the lead screw 13, and the lead screw 13 is rotatably installed on the lead screw supporting seat 14. The lead screw 13 can be driven to rotate by rotating the hand wheel, so that the slide block 12 and the slide seat are driven to slide linearly. The first, second, fourth and fifth hand wheel driving mechanisms are linearly displaced, and hand wheels of the first, second, fourth and fifth hand wheel driving mechanisms are respectively a first hand wheel 15, a second hand wheel 16, a fourth hand wheel 17 and a fifth hand wheel 18 which are used for manual operation. The hand wheel rotation driving mechanism comprises a third hand wheel 19 and a synchronous belt transmission mechanism, the synchronous belt transmission mechanism comprises a driving belt wheel and a driven belt wheel, the driving belt wheel and the driven belt wheel are coaxially mounted with the third hand wheel 19, the driven belt wheel is mounted below the rotating seat 5, and the two belt wheels are connected through a synchronous belt 26.
For the installation of the cutting tool, as shown in fig. 1, a column 20 is installed on one side of a base 2 on a machine table 1, a tool rest 21 is slidably installed on the top end of the column 20 and can be controlled to ascend and descend by a manual trigger 22, a tool bit 23 is driven to rotate by a main motor 24, and the machine table 1 is provided with a main motor switch 27. For the manual trigger driving mechanism, a structure that a sector gear is matched with a rack is generally adopted, namely, the sector gear is arranged on a hinged shaft of the trigger, the rack matched with the gear is arranged on the upright post 20, meanwhile, a return spring is connected on the trigger, when in operation, the trigger 22 is pressed by hand, the trigger 22 drives the sector gear to rotate, the whole knife rest 21 moves downwards under the action of the rack, the trigger 22 is loosened, the trigger 22 reversely rotates and resets under the action of the return spring, and the knife rest 21 ascends. For the installation of the cutter head 23, the cutter head 23 is rotatably installed at the bottom of the cutter frame 21 through a bearing sleeve 25, the cutter head 23 is positioned right above the clamp, and the cutter head 23 is provided with a cutting blade.
The workpiece processed by the engraving machine comprises beads, rings, bracelets, pendants, paillette ornaments and the like, and the corresponding clamps can be replaced according to different workpieces. The scheme takes common bead string type jewelry processing as an example for explanation. The blank workpiece to be engraved is a bead-shaped workpiece such as a spherical bead, a cylindrical bead or other special-shaped beads.
The working principle of the manual engraving machine is as follows: taking a cylindrical bead as an example, the cylindrical bead is transversely arranged, and two ejector rods 8 are respectively abutted against two end parts of the cylindrical bead so as to clamp a workpiece; the right hand operates the trigger 22 to control the height of the tool post 21, so as to drive the tool bit 23 and the cutting blade on the tool bit to lift, the position of the cutting blade in specific processing is unchanged, the trigger 22 is slightly operated to control the cutting depth, and the cutting position is changed by moving and rotating the workpiece; the workpiece is moved and rotated by operating each hand wheel by a left hand, specifically, a first hand wheel 15 and a second hand wheel 16 are operated to roughly adjust the front-back and left-right positions of the workpiece, the position of the workpiece is adjusted to be right below a tool bit, then a main motor 24 is turned on, the tool bit is rotated, the tool bit is controlled to ascend and descend by the right hand to perform carving, meanwhile, the left hand is respectively operated to finely adjust the position of the workpiece by a third hand wheel 19, a fourth hand wheel 17, a fifth hand wheel 18 and a sixth hand wheel 9 to perform carving operation, the workpiece with the conventional size is machined without operating the first hand wheel 15 and the second hand wheel 16, and for certain workpieces with special sizes, the first hand wheel 15 and the second hand wheel 16 are also required to be operated; the third hand wheel 18 is used for adjusting the horizontal rotation position of the workpiece around the center of the workpiece, the fourth hand wheel 17 and the fifth hand wheel 18 are used for finely adjusting the front-back and left-right positions of the workpiece, and the sixth hand wheel 9 is used for adjusting the axial rotation position of the workpiece around the central axis of the workpiece.
Referring to the attached drawings, the engraving equipment comprises a detection machine, an automatic engraving machine and an upper computer. Wherein: the detector comprises a manual engraving machine, a plurality of displacement sensors for detecting displacement of each sliding seat and a tool rest of the manual engraving machine, a first rotary encoder 28 for detecting the rotation angle of the rotating seat 5 and a second rotary encoder 29 for detecting the rotation angle of the ejector rod 8; the signal output ends of the displacement sensors and the rotary encoder are electrically connected to an upper computer 43; the main frame of the automatic carving machine is a prototype of a manual carving machine, the prototype of the manual carving machine comprises a machine table 1, a base 2, a first sliding seat 3, a second sliding seat 4, a rotating seat 5, a fourth sliding seat 6, a fifth sliding seat 7, a mandril 8, an upright post 20, a knife rest 21, a knife head 23 and a main motor 24 for driving the knife head 23 to rotate, the automatic carving machine further comprises a first motor 35 capable of driving the first sliding seat 3 to slide, a second motor 36 capable of driving the second sliding seat 4 to slide, a third motor 37 capable of driving the rotating seat 5 to rotate, a fourth motor 38 capable of driving the fourth sliding seat 6 to slide, a fifth motor 39 capable of driving the fifth sliding seat 7 to slide, a sixth motor 40 capable of driving the mandril 8 to rotate and a seventh motor 41 capable of driving the knife rest 21 to lift; the control ends of the motors are electrically connected to an upper computer 43.
Referring to the attached drawings, in the automatic engraving machine, a first motor 35 is installed at the end of a base 2, a second motor 36 is installed at the end of a first sliding seat 3, a fourth motor 38 is installed at the end of a rotating seat 5, a fifth motor 39 is installed at the end of a fourth sliding seat 6, and the first motor 35, the second motor 36, the fourth motor 38 and the fifth motor 39 are all in power connection with the corresponding sliding seats through a screw rod driving mechanism; the third motor 37 is fixedly arranged at the end part of the second sliding seat 4, and the power output end of the third motor 37 is in power connection with the rotating seat 5 through a synchronous belt transmission mechanism; a fourth motor 38 is arranged at the end part of the fifth sliding seat 7, and the power output end of the fourth motor 38 is connected with the outer end part of the mandril 8; the seventh motor 41 is installed at the top end of the upright post 20 and is arranged downwards, the power output end of the seventh motor 41 is connected with a lead screw, and a nut matched with the lead screw is installed on the tool rest 21.
Referring to the drawings, in the inspection machine, the displacement sensors include a first displacement sensor 30 installed between the first carriage 3 and the base 2, a second displacement sensor 31 installed between the second carriage 4 and the first carriage 3, a third displacement sensor 32 installed between the fourth carriage 6 and the rotating base 5, a fourth displacement sensor 33 installed between the fifth carriage 7 and the fourth carriage 6, and a fifth displacement sensor 34 installed between the tool post 21 and the column 20.
Referring to the attached drawings, in the detection machine, the displacement sensor is a displacement sensor with a reading head matched with the grating ruler, and the positions close to two end parts of the grating ruler are both provided with limit positions.
Referring to fig. 3, in the detector, a first rotary encoder 28 is mounted on the end of the second slide 4 coaxially with the third hand wheel 19; the second rotary encoder 29 is mounted at the end of the fifth slide 7 by a bracket and the input shaft of the second rotary encoder 29 is coaxially connected with the sixth handwheel 9.
Referring to the drawings, in the automatic engraving machine, origin switches 42 are installed at linear displacement positions driven by motors, and signal output ends of the origin switches 42 are electrically connected to an upper computer 43. The linear displacement positions comprise five linear displacement positions of the automatic engraving machine between the first sliding seat 3 and the base 2, between the second sliding seat 4 and the first sliding seat 3, between the fourth sliding seat 6 and the rotating seat 5, between the fifth sliding seat 7 and the fourth sliding seat 6, and between the tool rest 21 and the upright post 20. The origin switch 42 is a photoelectric sensing switch, and a reflective sheet of the photoelectric sensing switch is movably bonded.
In the equipment, based on the frame structure of the manual engraving machine, the detection machine is obtained by additionally arranging five linear displacement sensors and two rotary encoders on the manual engraving machine. The automatic engraving machine is obtained by removing all hand wheels and hand triggers of a manual engraving machine to obtain a prototype machine, and additionally installing precise servo motors at each action position on the basis of the prototype machine. The upper computer is internally provided with a CPU and a motor control circuit, is provided with a display screen and a mouse keyboard, and acquires sensor data in real time and stores a processing data packet of a workpiece for the automatic engraving machine to call.
In order to ensure consistency between the initial machining positions of manual and automatic engraving, it is necessary to ensure consistency in the initial position of the cutting head 23, in addition to ensuring consistency in the mounting of the cutting blades of the two machines when calibrating the cutting head 23. For the tool bit calibration, it is only necessary to ensure that the length of the cutting blade of the automatic engraving machine extending out of the tool bit 23 is consistent with that of the detection machine. While the consistency of the initial machining position of the cutter head 23 can be ensured by trial machining and adjusting the zero position of the motor for a plurality of times, obviously, the method is time-consuming, labor-consuming and causes waste. The scheme adopts the mode of original point matching and original point execution, after the initial machining position of the cutter head is adjusted by the detection machine, the positions of each sliding seat, each rotating seat and each cutter rest are marked, then the same position of the automatic carving machine is marked, the motor is controlled to drive each moving part to move to the marked position, the position is used as the original point position of the motor, the original point position of the motor can be set through software, a mechanical or electronic induction switch can also be arranged on the marked position, and when the automatic carving machine is started, each motor can automatically search the original point position. In this case, preferably, the origin switch 42 of the motor is configured as an optoelectronic switch, so that the feedback accuracy can be ensured, and the position of the sensing piece or the reflecting piece of the sensing switch can be adjusted, thereby more conveniently and directly adjusting the origin position.
By combining the structure of the engraving equipment in the scheme, the engraving method corresponding to the equipment is summarized as follows:
step 1) manufacturing a detection machine, namely taking a manual engraving machine, and additionally arranging a displacement sensor at each displacement position and a rotary encoder at each rotary position of the manual engraving machine;
step 2) manufacturing an automatic engraving machine, taking another manual engraving machine, removing each hand wheel of the manual engraving machine and coaxially replacing and installing a servo motor; a manual trigger driving mechanism is removed, and a servo motor is installed to drive the tool rest to lift; connecting the control end of each servo motor to an upper computer;
step 3), matching the original points, adjusting the initial processing position of the detection machine and the initial processing position of the automatic engraving machine, and keeping the initial processing positions of the detection machine and the automatic engraving machine consistent;
step 4) recording the processing process, namely loading a blank workpiece to be processed into a detection machine, manually operating the detection machine to perform carving processing, acquiring displacement data and rotation angle data in real time by using a displacement sensor and a rotary encoder, storing the data into an upper computer, and storing the data as a workpiece automatic processing file after carving is finished;
step 5) executing the original point, starting the automatic engraving machine, and controlling each servo motor to move each sliding seat, each rotating seat and each tool rest to an initial processing position;
and 6) executing automatic processing, namely loading a blank workpiece to be processed into the automatic engraving machine, and calling workpiece automatic processing files corresponding to the blank workpiece by the upper computer and controlling each servo motor to execute displacement and rotation angle in the files until the workpiece is processed.
The displacement positions in the step 1) include five linear displacement positions between the first sliding seat 3 and the base 2, between the second sliding seat 4 and the first sliding seat 3, between the fourth sliding seat 6 and the rotating seat 5, between the fifth sliding seat 7 and the fourth sliding seat 6, and between the tool rest 21 and the upright post 20 of the manual engraving machine. The rotating positions in the step 1) comprise two rotating positions between the rotating seat 5 and the second sliding seat 4 and between the ejector rod 8 and the clamp side plate 11.
The step 3) specifically comprises the following steps: step 3.1) loading a standard workpiece into the detection machine, adjusting each hand wheel, adjusting the standard workpiece to be right below the tool bit and enabling the tool tip to be right opposite to the central position of the standard workpiece, and taking the position as an initial processing position; step 3.2) marking the positions of each sliding seat, each rotating seat and each tool rest in the detection machine; and 3.3) marking the same position as the position in the step 3.2) in the automatic engraving machine, and taking each marking point as the motor origin of the servo motor on the corresponding shaft. On the basis of the method, the step 5) is specifically as follows: the automatic engraving machine is started, and each servo motor automatically searches the motor origin.
In the method, two manual engraving machines are structurally modified and functionally expanded, five displacement sensors and two rotary encoders are additionally arranged in a detection machine, seven actions in the manual engraving process are respectively collected, collected data are stored in an upper computer to be called by the automatic engraving machine, and due to accurate data collection, the actions of the automatic engraving process and the manual engraving process can be ensured to be consistent only by precisely controlling each motor in the automatic engraving machine according to time nodes, so that the same processing effect can be achieved.
In summary, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Those skilled in the art may make several changes or modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an automatic equipment of carving patterns based on manual operation, characterized by includes a detection machine, an automatic carving pattern machine and host computer, wherein:
the detection machine comprises a manual engraving machine, a plurality of displacement sensors for detecting displacement of each sliding seat and a tool rest of the manual engraving machine, a first rotary encoder (28) for detecting the rotation angle of the rotating seat (5), and a second rotary encoder (29) for detecting the rotation angle of the ejector rod (8); the signal output ends of the displacement sensors and the rotary encoder are electrically connected to an upper computer (43);
the main frame of the automatic engraving machine is a prototype machine of a manual engraving machine, the prototype machine of the manual engraving machine comprises a machine table (1), a base (2), a first sliding seat (3), a second sliding seat (4), a rotating seat (5), a fourth sliding seat (6), a fifth sliding seat (7), a mandril (8), an upright post (20), a knife rest (21), a knife head (23) and a main motor (24) for driving the knife head (23) to rotate, the automatic engraving machine also comprises a first motor (35) capable of driving the first sliding seat (3) to slide, a second motor (36) capable of driving the second sliding seat (4) to slide, a third motor (37) capable of driving the rotating seat (5) to rotate, a fourth motor (38) capable of driving the fourth sliding seat (6) to slide, a fifth motor (39) capable of driving the fifth sliding seat (7) to slide, a sixth motor (40) capable of driving the ejector rod (8) to rotate and a seventh motor (41) capable of driving the tool rest (21) to lift; the control end of each motor is electrically connected to an upper computer (43);
in the automatic carving machine, original point switches (42) are arranged on linear displacement positions driven by motors, and signal output ends of the original point switches (42) are electrically connected to an upper computer (43);
the linear displacement position comprises five linear displacement positions of the automatic engraving machine between the first sliding seat (3) and the base (2), between the second sliding seat (4) and the first sliding seat (3), between the fourth sliding seat (6) and the rotating seat (5), between the fifth sliding seat (7) and the fourth sliding seat (6) and between the tool rest (21) and the upright post (20).
2. The automatic engraving equipment based on manual operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the automatic engraving machine, a first motor (35) is installed at the end of the base (2), a second motor (36) is installed at the end of the first sliding seat (3), a fourth motor (38) is installed at the end of the rotating seat (5), a fifth motor (39) is installed at the end of the fourth sliding seat (6), and the first motor (35), the second motor (36), the fourth motor (38) and the fifth motor (39) are all in power connection with the corresponding sliding seats through a screw rod driving mechanism; the third motor (37) is fixedly arranged at the end part of the second sliding seat (4), and the power output end of the third motor (37) is in power connection with the rotating seat (5) through a synchronous belt transmission mechanism; a fourth motor (38) is arranged at the end part of the fifth sliding seat (7), and the power output end of the fourth motor (38) is connected with the outer end part of the ejector rod (8); the seventh motor (41) is installed on the top end of the upright post (20) and arranged downwards, the power output end of the seventh motor (41) is connected with the lead screw, and the tool rest (21) is provided with a screw nut matched with the lead screw.
3. The automatic engraving apparatus based on manual operation according to claim 1, wherein in the detecting machine, the displacement sensors comprise a first displacement sensor (30) installed between the first slide (3) and the base (2), a second displacement sensor (31) installed between the second slide (4) and the first slide (3), a third displacement sensor (32) installed between the fourth slide (6) and the rotating seat (5), a fourth displacement sensor (33) installed between the fifth slide (7) and the fourth slide (6), and a fifth displacement sensor (34) installed between the tool head (21) and the column (20).
4. The automatic engraving apparatus based on manual operation of claim 3, wherein in the detecting machine, the displacement sensor is a displacement sensor with a reading head matched with the grating ruler, and the positions close to the two ends of the grating ruler are both provided with limit positions.
5. The automatic engraving apparatus based on manual operation according to claim 1, wherein in the checking machine, a first rotary encoder (28) and a third hand wheel (19) are coaxially mounted at the end of the second slide (4); the second rotary encoder (29) is installed at the end part of the fifth sliding seat (7) through a bracket, and an input shaft of the second rotary encoder (29) is coaxially connected with the sixth hand wheel (9).
6. The automatic engraving apparatus based on manual operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said origin switch (42) is a photoelectric sensing switch, and a reflective sheet of the photoelectric sensing switch is movably mounted.
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| CN201711045721.4A CN107696770B (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2017-10-31 | Automatic carving equipment based on manual operation |
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| GB2267766A (en) * | 1992-06-11 | 1993-12-15 | Akira Suzuki | Method of carving portrait on card |
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| GB2371013B (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2004-06-09 | Terry John Claydon | Copying apparatus |
| CN201065025Y (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2008-05-28 | 贺江燕 | Profiling carving machine |
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| CN102285287B (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2013-06-19 | 山东亿福金业珠宝首饰有限公司 | Full-automatic metal bead string engraving machine |
| CN102649381B (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2014-03-26 | 浙江工业大学 | Material self-adaptive digital engraving machine |
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| US3827334A (en) * | 1971-05-07 | 1974-08-06 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Numerically controlled engraving machine system |
| GB2267766A (en) * | 1992-06-11 | 1993-12-15 | Akira Suzuki | Method of carving portrait on card |
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