CN107693835A - 一种聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝复合纤维膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝复合纤维膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝复合纤维膜及其制备方法,属于医疗器械领域。制备方法:首先通过调节聚乙烯醇与胶原蛋白的质量比和浓度,评价纺丝纤维的形貌,确定聚乙烯醇与胶原蛋白的最佳比例80:20,最佳浓度8%;然后,添加季铵化壳聚糖浓度为5%时,通过静电纺丝技术制得聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝复合纤维膜。本发明的复合纤维膜制备简便,具有良好的柔韧性和力学性能,能够快速止血,并且能在伤口表面形成一层保护性的纤维毡,促进伤口修复,阻止细菌感染,从而治愈皮肤损伤,兼备止血、抗菌抗炎、创伤修复等功能,很适合作为止血、创伤修复、医用器械材料,具有很好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医疗器械领域,具体涉及一种具有抗菌抗炎、创伤修复、止血功能的复合纤维膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
各种创伤、烧伤、手术等原因导致的人体损伤是临床常见现象。目前医用创伤修复材料根据其发展主要有三大类:传统敷料,合成修复材料和生物修复材料。当前,生物修复材料是一类比较先进的医用材料,特别是通过创伤局部补充外源性的细胞因子可达到愈合的效果。但这类材料普遍存在一些缺陷:材料来源少,价格高,性能单一、创面愈合速度慢且有瘢痕的问题。功能单一的传统敷料已不能满足伤口愈合的要求,与传统的纱布敷料相比,抗菌敷料除了具有传统敷料的功能外,不仅可以满足“湿润伤口愈合”,还可缩短创面愈合的时间,降低感染率。
目前,基于壳聚糖开发出多种类型的创伤敷料,如静电纺法制备出的纳米纤维膜、水凝胶和海绵等类型的敷料,已经取得了良好的效果。随着研究和应用的发现,其力学、吸湿、抗菌、止血等性能有时不能满足创伤愈合的需要,要求我们必须与其它材料共混、复合或负载抗菌剂提高促愈效果。
壳聚糖(Chitosan,CS)是由甲壳素脱乙酰化得到的天然聚阳离子多糖,具有凝血、抑菌、促伤口愈合、抑制瘢痕等多种作用,生物相容性好、无免疫原性和无刺激性。壳聚糖的止血机理至今尚未完全阐明,可能引起红细胞的聚集、血小板的激活、凝血系统的激活和降低纤维蛋白溶解等。促伤口愈合时四种凝血机制同时启动达到快速止血。现已开发成止血材料敷料、止血海绵(壳聚糖-类人胶原蛋白海绵等)、止血粉、止血膜(壳聚糖/海藻酸钠-云南白药复合膜、介孔生物活性玻璃/壳聚糖复合膜)等。前期本课题组研制出低分子量O-季铵化壳聚糖,壳聚糖季铵化发生在OH上,链中-NH2基团保留,与市场上的壳聚糖材料(季铵化壳聚糖生物胶体液,复可邦)比较,合成和提纯简便、成本低、水溶性好,具有广谱抗菌性及无毒性。
胶原蛋白(Collagen,COL)具有很好的生物学性能,如可生物降解性、低抗原性、细胞适应性、生物相容性和促进细胞增殖作用及加速血小板凝聚等。胶原具有极强的亲水性,能吸附创面聚集渗血形成血痂,阻塞断裂的血管,同时,胶原也可刺激血小板加速释放凝血因子,加速内源性凝血机制,达到快速止血。本发明选用自制的海洋鱼皮胶原蛋白为原料,该原料具有天然三股螺旋结构,止血性能及生物相容性与血液来源的胶原蛋白基本相同,与人血液、陆生动物来源的胶原蛋白相比,可大大降低传播人畜共患疾病的风险。
目前,现有的胶原蛋白止血材料多为胶原蛋白海绵、明胶海绵,该类材料在止血过程中能够迅速吸收血液而变成红色,且被血液所浸透,但吸收血液后材料松软易散部分溶解,很难与出血点紧密贴合,止血效果有限。如果将胶原蛋白和季铵化壳聚糖通过静电纺丝制成静电纺丝复合纤维膜,接触到出血点时,可以与创面紧密粘附,在膜材料周围形成止血痂,完成止血过程。与止血海绵相比,静电纺丝复合纤维膜能够通过快速止血和紧密贴合,减少血液流出量,达到高效、快速止血的效果。但是,如果直接将胶原蛋白与季铵化壳聚糖进行静电纺丝成纤维膜,膜的力学性能较差,因此,需要将胶原蛋白、季铵化壳聚糖与其它材料(如聚乙烯醇)共纺,以增加静电纺丝纤维膜的拉伸强度,改善其机械性能,且可调控降解时间。
聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl Alcohol,PVA)外观为白色粉末,是一种用途相当广泛的水溶性高分子聚合物。医药级聚乙烯醇,对人体无毒,无副作用,具有良好的生物相容性,尤其在医疗中的如其水性凝胶在眼科、伤口敷料和人工关节方面的有广泛应用,是一种极安全的高分子有机物。
静电纺丝技术是一种利用静电力将聚合物溶液或熔体进行喷拉伸,从而获得纳米级纤维膜的方法,成本低廉,适用于比较广泛的原料,是制备纳米纤维膜最简单、高效的方法之一。与传统敷料相比,静电纺丝制备的纳米纤维伤口敷料具有较大的比表面积、可调控的孔隙率和较好的延展性等优势。在生物技术领域,纳米纤维膜以无纺布超细纤维的形式存在,纤维直径从几微米到几纳米,其依靠纤维随机排列的特性,能够模仿天然细胞外基质的结构,可以为细胞的粘附,增殖和分化提供理想的微环境,同时为细胞生长提供一个良好的支架。静电纺丝纳米敷料的多孔结构使之具有很好的透气性,既有益于细胞呼吸,又可抑制细菌感染伤口,并能促进细胞增殖和加速创面愈合,是一种高科技的功能性创伤敷料,具有良好的发展前景。此外,电纺丝制品具有很高的比表面积,可以大量携载包括抗菌药物在内的多种药物,能促进受损皮肤的恢复。
本发明选用自制海洋鱼皮胶原蛋白和自制季铵化壳聚糖为止血和抗菌抗炎材料,通过静电纺丝技术与聚乙烯醇共纺制成聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝复合纤维膜,系统研究该材料的物理化学性能,并通过兔耳动脉创伤模型及兔肝脏创伤模型评价其止血、抗菌、创伤修复功能。该复合纤维膜有良好的柔韧性和力学性能,能够快速止血,并且能在伤口表面形成一层保护性的纤维毡,促进伤口修复,阻止细菌感染,从而治愈皮肤损伤,具备抗菌抗炎、创伤修复、止血等功能。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种利用静电纺丝方法制备具有抗菌抗炎、创伤修复、止血功能的聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝复合纤维膜。该复合纤维膜有良好的柔韧性和力学性能,能够快速止血,并且能在伤口表面形成一层保护性的纤维毡,促进伤口修复,阻止细菌感染,从而治愈皮肤损伤;本发明目的之二在于提供聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝复合纤维膜的制备方法。
本发明聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝复合纤维膜是通过以下技术方案实现的:
该复合纤维膜为聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝复合纤维膜,即PCQC;其中,所用聚乙烯醇为PVA-1788型;所用胶原蛋白来自于自制的海洋鱼皮胶原蛋白,具有天然三股螺旋结构,具有典型的α1、α2、β和γ肽链,属于Ⅰ型胶原;该复合纤维膜所用的季铵化壳聚糖为O-(N-甲基-N-(5-苯基-1,3,4-恶二唑-2-硫代辛烷基)-N-羟乙基-N-乙基)-壳聚糖溴化铵,即QAS-CS,如下:
本发明的制备方法是首先通过调节聚乙烯醇与胶原蛋白的质量比,评价纺丝纤维的形貌,确定聚乙烯醇与胶原蛋白的最佳比例;其次,调节聚乙烯醇与胶原蛋白混合溶液的浓度,根据静电纺丝纤维的形貌确定聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白的最佳浓度;最后,在最佳比例和浓度下,调节季铵化壳聚糖的含量,根据静电纺丝纤维的形貌确定聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝复合纤维膜的最佳制备工艺,具体制备方法如下:
(1)聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白的最佳比例的确定
称取一定质量比例的聚乙烯醇和胶原蛋白溶于一定溶剂中,配成一定质量浓度的溶液,固定电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数进行纺丝得到聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白纤维,根据纤维的形貌确定聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白的最佳比例。
所述一定质量比例是指聚乙烯醇和胶原蛋白的质量比90:10、80:20、70:30、60:40、50:50、 40:60、30:70、20:80、10:90;
所述一定质量浓度是指聚乙烯醇和胶原蛋白的溶液浓度为1%~20%之间的浓度;
所述一定溶剂是指六氟异丙醇、乙酸、水、三氟乙酸中的一种;
所述电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数是指电压18KV,流速0.2mL/h,接收距离15cm;
(2)聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白的最佳浓度的确定
利用(1)中聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白的最佳比例,调整聚乙烯醇和胶原蛋白混合溶液的浓度,溶于一定溶剂中,固定电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数进行纺丝得到聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白纤维,根据纤维的形貌确定聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白的最佳浓度。
所述最佳比例是指80:20;
所述混合溶液的浓度是指1%~20%之间的浓度。
所述一定溶剂是指六氟异丙醇、乙酸、二氯甲烷、三氟乙酸中的一种。
所述电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数是指电压18KV,流速0.2mL/h,接收距离15cm;
(3)聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝复合纤维膜的制备
根据(1)和(2)的最佳比例和最佳浓度,分别加入不同比例的O-(N-甲基-N-(5-苯基 -1,3,4-恶二唑-2-硫代辛烷基)-N-羟乙基-N-乙基)-壳聚糖溴化铵,溶于一定溶剂中,搅拌溶解,固定电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数进行纺丝得到聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝复合纤维膜。
所述最佳比例和最佳浓度是80:20和8%。
所述一定溶剂是指六氟异丙醇、乙酸、水、三氟乙酸中的一种。
所述电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数是指电压18KV,流速0.2mL/h,接收距离15cm。
所述不同比例是指1%、2%、3%、5%、10%、20%中的一种。
附图说明
图1:PVA/COL质量比对电纺纤维形貌的影响;
图2:不同纺丝液浓度对纺丝的影响;
图3:Hacat细胞在PCQC纺丝纤维膜浸提液中的增值趋势;
图4:各组材料对兔背部皮肤创面愈合情况
图5:各组材料作用于创面后3、7、14天创面HE染色情况。
具体实施方式
以下给出本发明的具体实施方式,用来对本发明的构成作进一步的说明,但并不认为本发明仅局限于下述的实施方式。
本发明聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝复合纤维膜的制备方法如下:
(1)聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白纺丝溶液的配制
称取一定量的PVA-1788型粉末,溶于1M的稀醋酸中,室温下磁力搅拌均匀溶解成PVA 溶液,待完全溶解后,称取胶原蛋白加入以一定质量比共混,静止一段时间使胶原蛋白充分溶胀,后继续磁力搅拌均匀,离心脱泡。制备质量分数为6%,PVA/COL质量比分别为90:10, 80:20,70:30,60:40,50:50,40:60的纺丝液;同样方法,制备PVA/COL=80:20,浓度分别为4%、6%、8%、10%的纺丝液备用。
(2)研究PVA/COL质量比对电纺纤维形貌的影响
固定PVA/COL纺丝液的质量分数6%,纺丝参数:电压18kv,接收距离15cm,流速0.2mL/h,研究不同PVA/COL纺丝液配比对静电纺丝膜的影响。如图1所示,PVA/COL比例为90:10时,由于纺丝液黏度较低,纤维出现珠粒;当比例增加到80:20时,黏度相应增加,此时珠粒完全消失,获得直径分布较为均匀的纤维,膜的外观平整,厚度均一;纺丝液比例增加到70:30、60:40后,黏度急剧增加,分子链之间相互穿插交叠,发生缠结,膜的粘性大,不易揭下;纺丝液比例增加到50:50、40:60后,纺丝难度增大,得不到完整的纤维膜。
(3)研究不同纺丝液浓度对纺丝的影响
固定PVA/COL纺丝液的配比80:20,纺丝参数:电压18kv,接收距离15cm,流速0.2mL/h,研究不同纺丝液浓度对静电纺丝膜的影响。如图2所示,纺丝液浓度为4%、6%时,所得纺丝液纺丝液黏度较低,纤维出现珠粒,纺丝过程出现滴液,膜上有液滴;当浓度提高到8%时,珠粒完全消失,获得直径分布较为均匀的纤维,纤维形貌良好;浓度增加到10%时,黏度相应增大,分子链之间相互穿插交叠,发生缠结,纤维直径增大,膜外表粘性大。综上,当纺丝液浓度为8%,PVA/COL比例为80:20时,容易纺丝成膜,所得膜外观平整,厚度均一,纤维直径分布均匀。
(4)聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖纺丝溶液的配制
根据上述方法选用质量分数为8%,PVA:COL=80:20的溶液为载体,然后分别加入占溶质总质量的1%、3%、5%的O-(N-甲基-N-(5-苯基-1,3,4-恶二唑-2-硫代辛烷基)-N-羟乙基 -N-乙基)-壳聚糖溴化铵,即QAS-CS,搅拌溶解制备聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖纺丝液。
(5)制备聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖复合纳米纤维膜
将制备好的聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖纺丝溶液进行静电纺丝,固定静电纺丝参数电压18kv,接收距离15cm,流速0.2mL/h,得到4种聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖复合纳米纤维膜(PVA/COL82膜、PCQC1膜、PCQC3膜、PCQC5膜;分别代表加入季铵化壳聚糖的含量0%、1%、3%、5%)。
技术效果
本发明的创新之处不仅在于原料的组配及用量,而且在于本发明所述制备方法。
静电纺丝在复合纤维膜作为伤口辅料的优势主要有一下几点:
(1)良好的止血和吸液性:纳米纤维敷料包含大量的微孔和较高的表面积,能够加速止血过程,吸水率也可以达到17.9%~213%,而传统膜敷料的吸水率仅能达到2.3%。
(2)半渗透性:纳米纤维敷料的多孔结构,使其有较高的气体通透性,有益于细胞的呼吸作用。另外,纳米纤维敷料的微小空隙也可以阻止细菌感染伤口。
(3)功能化:静纺纤维膜能够模仿细胞外基质的结构和生物功能,从而促进上皮细胞的增殖和新组织的生成,在伤口愈合的过程中,为细胞提供一个附着、增殖、迁移和分化的环境。
(4)贴合性:织物的贴合性与纤维的细度密切相关,越细的纤维越容易适应复杂轮廓的需要。而通过静电纺丝制得的纤维,直径范围为3nm~1μm,甚至更细,因此静纺敷料对伤口有更好的覆盖和保护作用。
(5)环保:利用可降解的聚合物溶液或熔体进行静电纺丝制得的敷料,其废弃物易于处理,不仅可以节省大量的棉纱资源,而且可以降低对环境的污染。
此外,复合纤维膜还有一个普通膜不具备的优势,就是可将多层膜的功能,复合在一层膜中,以达到多种效果,本发明的复合纤维膜具有止血、抗菌抗炎、创伤修复功能。
本发明方法制备的复合纤维膜,具有良好的生物医学性能:
(1)本复合纤维膜体外细胞毒性合格
细胞毒性实验参考《G B/T 16886.5-2003,医疗器械生物学评价第5部分:体外细胞毒性试验》,由实验结果(表1)可知,PVA/COL82、PCQC1、PCQC3、PCQC5膜细胞相对增值率大于75%,细胞毒性分级为0~1级,材料均符合细胞毒性要求。阳性对照组0.6%苯酚的 RGR为40.1%,细胞毒性分级为3级,不合格。
表1 PVA/COL/季铵化壳聚糖纺丝膜Hacat细胞毒性研究
(2)本伤口敷料具有较好的体外细胞增值活力
本发明利用MTT法测定人永生化表皮细胞Hacat在PCQC静电纺纤维膜浸提液中的增殖情况。通过考察细胞在不同材料浸提液中1、2、3天的生长来研究细胞在材料上的增殖情况 (图3)。共培养1、2、3天后,阳性对照组OD值逐渐减小,空白对照组和各实验组的OD 值都随培养时间的增加而增大,说明各组均出现了细胞增殖情况,各实验组和空白对照组细胞增值活力无显著性差异(P>0.05)。阳性对照组的OD值随培养时间的增加而减小,各实验组和阳性对照组之间细胞增值活力具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。PCQC系列静电纺丝膜随着季铵化壳聚糖含量(<5%)的增加,OD值也逐渐减小,但3天内细胞相对增值率(RGR) 均大于75%,符合细胞毒性要求。
(3)本复合纤维膜溶血性合格
根据《GB/T 16886.4-2003/ISO 10993-4:2002,医疗器械生物学评价第4部分:与血液相互作用试验选择》中的要求,测试了4种静电纺丝膜的溶血性,实验结果(表2)显示均无溶血作用。溶血率=(试验组OD-阴性组OD)/(阳性组OD-阴性组OD)×100%。结果评价:阴性组吸光度OD值<0.03,阳性组吸光度OD值为0.8士0.3,实验组溶血率<5%,则材料符合要求。
表2静电纺PCQC纤维膜的溶血率
(4)本复合纤维膜皮内刺激性合格
根据《GB/T 16886.10—2005/ISO 10993-10:2002,医疗器械生物学评价第10部分:刺激与迟发型超敏反应试验》要求,测试了PCQC5纤维膜的皮内刺激性,分别在三个时间点 24h、48h、72h观察记录各激发部位的反应情况,按记分系统对各激发部位的皮内刺激反应进行评分。评分结束计算刺激指数,分别将试验组和对照组出现的红斑和水肿的记分相加,再除以6[1(动物数)×3(观察期)×2(记分类型)],得试验样品和对照品的综合平均计分。两者之差不大于1,则符合实验要求。PCQC5膜实验组总分15,综合平均记分2.5;对照组总分12,综合平均记分2。两者之差不大于1,PCQC5膜材料符合皮内刺激毒性要求。
表3 PCQC5纺丝膜浸提液新西兰兔皮内刺激记分
(5)本复合纤维膜具有较好的抑菌性能
聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白中分别加入1%、3%、5%的季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝纤维膜对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌的抑菌率均超过90%以上,随着季铵化壳聚糖含量的增加抑菌率逐渐增大,其中,PCQC5膜对白色念珠菌的抑菌率为99.13%超过99.00%(表4、图4),具有较好的抗菌效果。三种膜材料对3种菌的抗菌活性顺序依次是:白色念珠菌>金黄色葡萄球菌>大肠杆菌。
表4 PCQC纺丝膜的抑菌率
(6)本复合纤维膜具有较好的止血性能
兔耳动脉创伤模型的主要特点是出血量较大,血流具有一定的压力。一般而言,在实际生活中,对于动脉的创伤,由于出血量大,一般要采取缝扎的方法封闭出血血管,属于用较大的机械外力强力止血,难免会对出血创面造成一定的损伤,还涉及到一些术后的处理,给患者带来二次痛苦,因此本文通过兔耳动脉模型,验证PCQC5纺丝膜对动脉出血的止血效果。 PCQC5纺丝膜、阳性对照明胶海绵以及阴性对照纱布均能在一定时间内成功对动脉完成止血。大清生物纸接触血液之后很快溶解,不能有效完成止血。
如表5所示,PCQC5纺丝膜对兔耳动脉的止血时间为(118±17)s大约是纱布对照组的止血时间(243±62)s的一半,差异极显著(P<0.01),接近市售明胶海绵的止血时间(107±26) s。PCQC5纺丝膜组的出血量为(215±46)mg,远远低于纱布对照组(689±138)mg,出血量减少了68.80%,差异极显著(P<0.01),说明PCQC5膜具有明显的止血作用。同时,明胶海绵组出血量(232±93)mg,高于PCQC5膜材料,具有显著差异(P<0.05)。明胶海绵组在止血过程中能够迅速吸收血液而变成红色,整个明胶海绵材料被血液所浸透,吸收的血量也较大,但吸收血液后材料松软易散部分溶解;但是PCQC5纺丝膜接触到出血点时,可以与创面紧密粘附,这可能是由于PCQC5膜材料具有较好的亲水性,遇到血液之后会迅速吸附,最后在膜材料周围形成止血痂,完成止血过程,因此吸收的血量比明胶海绵少。
肝脏是整个机体中血管最为密布的器官,出血后不宜采取机械性的止血方式,只能选择合适的止血敷料处理创面。几种材料对于兔肝脏的止血效果无论是止血时间还是出血量都比兔耳动脉时的止血效果要好,这是由于动脉损伤模型的出血情况要比肝脏出血情况严重。如表5所示,PCQC5纺丝膜对兔肝脏的止血时间为(96±21)s,相比于纱布对照组止血时间 (185±31)s,缩短了48.11%,出血量则减少了59.56%,其差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。与明胶海绵组相比,接近其止血时间,无显著差异,PCQC5膜组出血量低于明胶海绵组 (P<0.05)。实验结果表明,PCQC5纤维膜能抑制肝脏出血状态,能缩短肝脏创面流血的时间和出血量。
综上分析,对于自制的PCQC5纤维膜无论在兔耳动脉还是在兔肝脏的创伤模型中,均有较好的止血效果,相关性能稍好于市售医用胶原海绵和大清生物纸。
表5不同止血材料对兔耳动脉、肝脏的止血效果
注:与纱布对照组相比*P<0.01;与明胶海绵对照组相比ΔP<0.05。
(7)本伤口辅料具有较好的促进伤口愈合功能
PCQC5膜作用于新西兰兔背部皮肤创面愈合情况如图所示。术后换药观察,家兔背部皮肤创面均无感染。如图4所示,术后第1-3d,PCQC5膜组以及无菌敷帖和创可贴组换药时敷料容易揭去,无粘连,创面湿润柔软;纱布组出现与伤口粘连情况,揭去敷料容易牵拉创面,已形成部分痂皮,导致创面出血,延长愈合时间。7d各组创面表面干燥长平,呈向心性聚缩,创面缩小明显,部分形成较硬的黑色痂皮,肉芽组织增生,创面渗出明显减少,3-7d 创面愈合速度较快。14d,创面上皮化,痂皮逐渐脱落,直至创面基本愈合,形成瘢痕组织,创面边缘有毛发再生,证明真皮层已基本恢复其功能。
如表6所示,各组创伤面积在3、7、14d均明显减小,愈合率逐渐提高。PCQC5膜组在同一时间点创面愈合率优于纱布对照组,术后3d与阳性对照组比无显著性差异,7d PCQC5膜组愈合率高于阳性对照组(P<0.05),明显高于创可贴组。术后7d、14d PCQC5膜组显著高于纱布对照组(P<0.01),14d时,PCQC5组创面愈合率达(79.24±3.82)%,而敷帖和创可贴对照组分别为(73.05±3.69)%、(70.06±4.07)%,纱布对照组仅为(68.89±5.13)%,差异具有统计学意义,说明PCQC5膜有促进伤口愈合的作用。
表6不同时间点创面愈合率(n=5,%)
注:与纱布对照组相比,*P<0.01;与阳性对照组相比,#P<0.05
如图5所示,分别为不同材料作用于创面后3、7、14天创面HE染色图片。各组材料3d时,创伤表面均有大量的渗出组织液,被覆盖的材料吸收,坏死的细胞组织被增生结缔组织包裹,形成肉芽组织。均有大量急性炎症细胞生长,真皮层开始形成,PCQC5组的炎性细胞范围小于其他三个对照组,纱布组炎症反应最严重。7d时,创伤内部开始出现成纤维细胞生长,PCQC5组的成纤维细胞分布较其他三个对照组范围大。均可见淋巴细胞浸润,结缔组织疏松,出现水肿,有纤维蛋白组织生长。7d组细胞组成增多,可见大小不一的新生血管,皮肤愈合效果明显。14d,几组皮肤损伤部位出现大小不等的新生血管,呈椭圆或卵圆形,周围有散在或聚集的淋巴细胞浸润,围绕在新生的毛细血管周围,真皮层生长增厚,表面角化,炎症减轻,皮肤愈合明显。PCQC5组的炎症细胞浸润优于对照组。
综上所述,采用静电纺丝法制备的聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖复合纤维膜具有较明显的抗菌抗炎、创伤修复、止血的疗效。相比于传统辅料,不仅具有较高的比表面积、高孔隙率、高通透性等特性,且有较好的生物相容性,是一个综合性能良好的复合纤维膜。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实例,并不用于限制本发明。凡在本发明的基础之上的任何改动、修改、替换等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (11)
1.本发明复合纤维膜为聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝复合纤维膜,即PCQC;其中,所用聚乙烯醇为PVA-1788型;所用胶原蛋白来自于自制的海洋鱼皮胶原蛋白,具有天然三股螺旋结构,具有典型的α1、α2、β和γ肽链,属于Ⅰ型胶原;该复合纤维膜所用的季铵化壳聚糖为O-(N-甲基-N-(5-苯基-1,3,4-恶二唑-2-硫代辛烷基)-N-羟乙基-N-乙基)-壳聚糖溴化铵,即QAS-CS,如下:
2.本发明复合纤维膜的制备方法是首先通过调节聚乙烯醇与胶原蛋白的质量比,评价纺丝纤维的形貌,确定聚乙烯醇与胶原蛋白的最佳比例;其次,调节聚乙烯醇与胶原蛋白混合溶液的浓度,根据静电纺丝纤维的形貌确定聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白的最佳浓度;最后,在最佳比例和浓度下,调节季铵化壳聚糖的含量,根据静电纺丝纤维的形貌确定聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝复合纤维膜的最佳制备工艺。
3.本发明复合纤维膜的制备方法,特征在于:
(1)聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白的最佳比例的确定
称取一定质量比例的聚乙烯醇颗粒和胶原蛋白溶于一定溶剂中,配成一定质量浓度的溶液,固定电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数进行纺丝得到聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白纤维,根据纤维的形貌确定聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白的最佳比例;
(2)聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白的最佳浓度的确定
利用(1)中聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白的最佳比例,调节聚乙烯醇和胶原蛋白混合溶液浓度,溶于一定溶剂中,固定电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数进行纺丝得到聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白纤维,根据纤维的形貌确定聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白的最佳浓度;
(3)聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝复合纤维膜的制备
根据(1)和(2)的最佳比例和最佳浓度,分别加入不同比例的O-(N-甲基-N-(5-苯基-1,3,4-恶二唑-2-硫代辛烷基)-N-羟乙基-N-乙基)-壳聚糖溴化铵,溶于一定溶剂中,搅拌溶解,固定电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数进行纺丝得到聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝复合纤维膜。
4.权利要求3所述复合纤维膜的制备方法,特征在于
所述步骤(1)中,所述一定质量比例是指聚乙烯醇和胶原蛋白的质量比90:10、80:20、70:30、60:40、50:50、40:60、30:70、20:80、10:90中的任意一种。
5.权利要求3所述复合纤维膜的制备方法,特征在于
所述步骤(1)中,所述一定质量浓度是指聚乙烯醇和胶原蛋白的溶液浓度为1%~20%之间的浓度。
6.权利要求3所述复合纤维膜的制备方法,特征在于
所述步骤(2)、(3)中,所述最佳浓度是8%。
7.权利要求3所述复合纤维膜的制备方法,特征在于
所述步骤(1)、(2)、(3)中,所述最佳比例是指80:20。
8.权利要求3所述复合纤维膜的制备方法,特征在于
所述步骤(3)中,所述不同比例是指1%、2%、3%、5%、10%、20%。
9.权利要求3所述复合纤维膜的制备方法,特征在于
所述步骤(1)、(2)、(3)中,所述一定溶剂是指六氟异丙醇、乙酸、水、三氟乙酸中的一种。
10.权利要求3所述复合纤维膜的制备方法,特征在于
所述步骤(1)、(2)、(3)中,所述电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数是指电压18KV,流速0.2mL/h,接收距离15cm。
11.权利要求1所述聚乙烯醇/胶原蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖静电纺丝复合纤维膜用于止血、抗菌、抗炎、创伤修复、医用器械材料。
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