CN107690856B - Wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine cropping of seeding belt - Google Patents

Wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine cropping of seeding belt Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107690856B
CN107690856B CN201711059727.7A CN201711059727A CN107690856B CN 107690856 B CN107690856 B CN 107690856B CN 201711059727 A CN201711059727 A CN 201711059727A CN 107690856 B CN107690856 B CN 107690856B
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tillage
seed
yield
wide
trimmer
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CN107690856A (en
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史江涛
王强
王延宏
李�杰
薛娟
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Xi'an Yaao Agricultural Machinery Co ltd
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Xi'an Yaao Agricultural Machinery Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
    • A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Sowing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine cropping of a seeding belt. The seeder comprises a rotary blade, a fertilizing pipe and a seed releaser which are sequentially arranged from front to back along the advancing direction of the seeder; the fertilizing pipe clings to the maximum rotation circumference of the rotary tillage cutter, and the seed releaser is connected with the fertilizing pipe in front through a connecting plate; a seed bed filling trimmer is arranged between the fertilizing pipe and the seed releaser, and a earthing and preparing device is arranged behind the seed releaser. The effective planting width of the seeder is 11-16cm, and the occupied area of single seed is 4.14-9.6cm 2; the effective planting seed occupies 30-44%, the empty band width is 20-25cm, the marginal effect is good, the thousand seeds of the seed are large, the effective planting area of the seed is improved by 150% compared with the effective planting area of the land in the prior art, and the comprehensive yield is increased by more than 10%; saving 10% of seeds.

Description

Wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine cropping of seeding belt
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine cropping of a seeding belt.
Background
The no-tillage planter is a high-automation agricultural mechanical device for replacing manual work, can complete tillage steps such as sowing, fertilizing and the like in one step, can greatly reduce labor cost and improve tillage efficiency. The Chinese patent application CN1729742A disclosed in 2/8/2006 proposes a single-furrow double-row wheat no-tillage seeding unit capable of seeding 2 rows of seeds and 1 row of fertilizer at a time. The seeder in the form of one ditch and two rows actually performs narrow seeding with 3-4 cm per row, and has the defects of small effective seeding area and low yield. The Chinese patent CN202773323U of the utility model, which is disclosed in 13 days of 3.2013, provides a wide-width deep fertilization furrow opener of a no-tillage planter, and the no-tillage planter using the wide-width furrow opener is easy to cause congestion among furrow openers and unsmooth soil and grass separation in a seed bed due to more surface straw weeds during working, and is easy to cause the phenomena of seedling burning, seedling drying and seedling death on straw weeds, thereby leading to the results of yield reduction and yield reduction. And a groove is reserved behind the furrow opener, so that the problem of uneven seed bed exists, the sowing depth is distributed in a wider range of 1-8 cm, even 10cm sowing depth can be generated, and the sowing effect is seriously influenced. The Chinese patent application CN104335736A, which is disclosed in 11 days 2 month 2015, proposes a high-level wide-width sowing furrow opener for deep fertilization of wheat, wherein an M-shaped seed bed prepared by the sowing furrow opener is easy to be stuck and blocked by soil, so that the soil harvesting and preparation function is lost. In addition, the sowing furrow opener can not eliminate the grooves at the rear of the furrow opener, and the problems of uneven seedbed and uneven sowing depth still exist. The Chinese patent application CN105103725A disclosed in 12 months and 2 days in 2015 provides a novel intelligent regulating and controlling equal-depth seeding device for wide seedling zone, wherein a furrow soil scraping and preparing device after seeding of the seeding device is easy to generate congestion, the library is cultivated normally, the working efficiency is low, the actual seeding width is narrowed by the backflow extrusion of soil flow, the actual effective seeding area is reduced, and the yield is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine cropping of a seeding belt, and solves the technical problems that the existing planter is easy to be jammed, uneven in seeding depth and small in seeding effective area.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine tillage of a seeding belt is characterized in that: comprises a rotary blade, a fertilizing pipe and a seed releaser which are sequentially arranged from front to back along the advancing direction of the seeder; the fertilizing pipe clings to the maximum rotation circumference of the rotary tillage cutter, and the seed releaser is connected with the fertilizing pipe in front through a connecting plate; a seed bed filling trimmer is arranged between the fertilizing pipe and the seed releaser, and a earthing and preparing device is arranged behind the seed releaser.
Further, the length of the connecting plate is 250-450mm.
Further, the length of the connecting plate is 350mm.
Further, the installation angle of the seed bed filling trimmer is inversely proportional to the travelling speed of the seeder; the advancing speed of the seeder is reduced, so that the installation angle of the seed bed filling trimmer is increased; the greater the speed of travel of the planter, the smaller the angle of installation of the seedbed filling trimmer.
Further, when the travel speed of the planter was 4km/h, the installation angle of the bed filling trimmer was 40 degrees.
Further, the installation angle of the earthing and preparing device is inversely proportional to the travelling speed of the seeder; the advancing speed of the seeder is reduced, and the installation angle of the earthing and preparing device is increased; the travel speed of the seeder becomes high, and the installation angle of the earthing and preparing device becomes small.
Further, the following relationship is satisfied between the installation angle α of the above-described earth covering preparation device and the traveling speed v of the planter: α= -3.75v 2 +30v, where v is in km/h and α is in degrees.
Further, the following relationship is satisfied between the installation angle α of the soil covering device and the cultivation depth H: α=75-0.5H, where H is in cm and α is in degrees.
Further, the rotary tillage knife is provided with a grass picking knife, and the position of a fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer pipe is within the maximum rotation circumference of the grass picking knife. The grass-removing knife is arranged at two sides of the fertilizing pipe and in the strip-shaped cultivation area, so that weeds in the strip-shaped cultivation area are effectively removed, the action of cleaning the cultivation area is achieved, and the purpose of fine cultivation and fine cultivation of the cultivation area is achieved.
Further, the single-row effective planting width of the wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine cropping of the seeding belt is 11-16cm, the empty belt width is 20-25cm, and the occupied area of the effective planting area is 30-44%; the effective occupied area y of each seed and the sowing weight x satisfy the following relation: y= 0.01347x -1.019+1.055×10-5; wherein the unit of the effective floor area y of each seed is cm 2, and the unit of the sowing weight x is kg.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The effective planting width of the seeder is 11-16cm, and the occupied area of single seed is 4.14-9.6cm 2; the effective planting seed occupies 30-44%, the empty band width is 20-25cm, the marginal effect is good, the thousand seeds of the seed are large, the effective planting area of the seed is improved by 150% compared with the effective planting area of the land in the prior art, and the comprehensive yield is increased by more than 10%; saving 10% of seeds.
(2) According to the invention, the fertilizing pipe and the seed releaser are connected by using the connecting plate, so that on one hand, the horizontal distance between the fertilizing pipe and the seed releaser is increased, and the space isolation between the fertilizing layer and the seed bed is ensured; on the other hand, the long-distance connecting plate can generate regular vibration along with the operation of the seeder, so that the seed releaser can effectively disperse the seeding position, and the sufficient planting width is ensured.
(3) According to the invention, the fertilizing pipes are closely attached to the rotary tillage cutters, and the fertilizer outlets of the fertilizing pipes are closely attached to the maximum rotation circumference of the grass picking cutters, so that straws and weeds between the fertilizing pipes and at two sides of the fertilizing pipes can be effectively removed, and the phenomenon of yield reduction of dead seedlings caused by sowing seeds on the straws and weeds is avoided.
(4) The seed bed filling trimmer and the earthing and preparing device can be adjusted in installation angle according to the advancing speed of the seeder, and the proper seeding depth and earthing thickness are ensured to be 3-5cm by matching with the seed releaser.
(5) The invention can effectively ensure that the soil falls down to cover the fertilizer and fill the preliminary leveling seed bed at the bottom of the ditch to ensure that the difference of the bottom of the seed bed is within 2cm, and the soil of the seed bed covers the fertilizer, so that the fertilizer is accurately applied in the area 3-5cm below the seed layer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine cropping of a seeding belt.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of soil distribution after sowing according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the sowing effect of the present invention.
1-Rotary tillage blade, 2-grass picking blade, 3-fertilization pipe, 4-connecting plate, 5-seed bed filling trimmer, 6-seed releaser, 7-earthing and preparing device, 8-soil-covering layer, 9-seed bed and 10-fertilization layer.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine cropping of a seeding belt, which comprises a rotary tillage cutter 1, a fertilizing tube 3 and a seed releaser 6 which are sequentially arranged from front to back along the advancing direction of the planter; the fertilizing pipe 3 is clung to the maximum rotation circumference of the rotary tillage cutter 1, and the seed releaser 6 is connected with the fertilizing pipe 3 in front through the connecting plate 4; a seed bed filling trimmer 5 is arranged between the fertilization tube 3 and the seed releaser 6, and a soil covering preparation device 7 is arranged behind the seed releaser 6. The rotary tillage knife 3 is provided with a grass picking knife 2, and the position of a fertilizer outlet of the fertilization tube 3 is within the maximum rotation circumference of the grass picking knife 2.
In actual use, the rotary tillage cutter opens a 14-18cm cultivation zone, the fertilizing pipe clings to the rotary tillage cutter, the problem that weeds and straws are jammed and soil and grass are separated before the fertilizing pipe is solved, the grass-removing cutter 2 clings to two sides of the fertilizing pipe, the problem that the straws and the weeds are jammed between the fertilizing pipes and at two sides is solved, and meanwhile, the straws and the weeds in the 14-18cm cultivation zone are removed, so that the seed bed is finely cultivated and fine-cultivated without weeds. The fertilizing pipe 3 is tightly attached to the rotary tillage cutter 1, and the fertilizing pipe does not ditching. The seed bed filling trimmer is used for trimming and guiding the thrown soil flow into a leveling seed bed before the seed releaser, the evenness of the seed bed is within 2cm, the lower edge of the seed releaser is slightly scraped to trim the difference of 2cm, and then the seed releaser is used for discharging seeds on the trimmed seed bed, and the width is about 14 cm. The soil covering and preparing device is used for collecting and preparing soil which does not fall back completely into a seed bed, covering the seed bed with the seed bed, and covering the soil by 3-5 cm. As the seed bed is flat, the seeds are on the same layer, and the surface layer is covered with 3-5cm nutrient soil, the planting width is ensured to be maintained at 11-16cm. And compacting in the subsequent step, wherein the seed layers are consistent, the soil covering is 3-5cm, and the sowing depth is within 3-5 cm.
The horizontal distance between the fertilization tube and the seed releaser (i.e. the length of the connection plate) is 250-450mm, the optimal distance being 350mm. The arrangement of the connecting plates can increase the horizontal distance between the fertilizing pipe and the seed releaser on one hand and ensure the space isolation between the fertilizing layer and the seed bed; on the other hand, the connecting plate can generate regular vibration along with the operation of the seeder, so that the seed releaser can effectively disperse the seeding position, and the sufficient planting width is ensured. If the distance between the fertilizing pipe and the seed releaser is too short, the seed bed cannot be leveled when the advancing speed of the seeder is 2-7 km; if the distance is too far, the problems of overlong structure, lagging center of gravity, difficult soil covering and complex structure exist, and the unit cannot work normally. More critical is that if the distance is not proper, the sowing depth cannot reach the requirement of 3-5 cm.
The seed bed filling trimmer comprises a front section and a rear section which are connected to form a V-shaped structure, the front section of the seed bed filling trimmer is hinged with the frame, the front section of the seed bed filling trimmer is upwards protruded in a seed bed empty zone and gradually contracts from front to back to form V-shaped contraction under a overlooking angle, the effect of collecting weeds is achieved, the rear section of the seed bed filling trimmer is downwards sunken in the seed bed empty zone to form a groove after a dispersing soil flow filling trimming fertilizer pipe, a preliminary seed bed is formed, and the flatness of the seed bed is within 2 cm. An angle adjusting rod for adjusting the seed bed filling trimmer is arranged at the middle part of the seed bed filling trimmer and is used for adjusting the installation angle of the seed bed filling trimmer.
The length of the seed bed filling trimmer is between 200 cm and 400cm, preferably 300 cm. The mounting angle of the seed bed filling trimmer is inversely proportional to the travelling speed of the seeder; the advancing speed of the seeder is reduced, so that the installation angle of the seed bed filling trimmer is increased; the greater the speed of travel of the planter, the smaller the angle of installation of the seedbed filling trimmer. When the travel speed of the planter was 4km/h, the installation angle of the seed bed filling trimmer was 40 degrees. The installation angle refers to the included angle between the front section of the seed bed filling trimmer and the vertical surface.
The earthing and preparing device comprises a front section and a rear section which are connected to form a V-shaped structure, the front section is hinged to the tail end of the seed bed filling and trimming device, the front section of the earthing and preparing device is concave downwards in an empty zone of the seed bed and is of an inverted V-shaped structure under overlooking angle, dispersed soil flow filling and covering seeds are formed, the rear section of the earthing and preparing device is straight, so that the soil flow uniformly spreads, falls and repairs and fills the seed bed and empty zone weeds, seeds are uniformly covered with soil, the empty zone covers weeds, and weed fermentation and decay are promoted to form organic substances. The middle part of the earthing and soil-working device is provided with a seed bed filling trimmer adjusting rod for adjusting the installation angle.
The length of the soil covering device is between 200 cm and 400cm, preferably 300 cm. The installation angle of the earthing and preparing device is inversely proportional to the travelling speed of the seeder; the advancing speed of the seeder is reduced, and the installation angle of the earthing and preparing device is increased; the travel speed of the seeder becomes high, and the installation angle of the earthing and preparing device becomes small. The following relationship is satisfied between the installation angle alpha of the earthing-up device and the travel speed v of the seeder: α= -3.75v 2 +30v, where v is in km/h and α is in degrees. The following relationship is satisfied between the installation angle alpha of the soil covering device and the cultivation depth H: α=75-0.5H, where H is in cm and α is in degrees. The installation angle refers to the included angle between the front section of the soil covering device and the vertical surface.
The seeder provided by the invention is used for sowing, so that a proper maximum space for single seeds can be obtained, the seeds are dispersed, ventilated and light-transmitting, the number of tillered seedlings and the number of ears are effectively increased, the marginal effect is exerted, the maximum effective land planting utilization rate is obtained, and the thousand-grain weight is increased to achieve the effects of yield increase and high yield. According to practical measurement, the effective planting width of the invention is 11-16cm, and the single seed occupation area is 4.14-9.6cm 2; the effective planting seed occupies 30-44% of the land area, the empty band width is 20-25 cm, the marginal effect is good, and the thousand seeds are large. Referring to tables 1 to 3, compared with the existing common seeder, the effective seeding area of the land is improved by 150%, and the comprehensive yield can be increased by 8-21%.
Table 1 test set of sowing effect comparisons
Table 2 test two-group sowing effect comparison
Table 3 test three-group sowing effect comparison

Claims (9)

1. A wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine tillage of a seeding belt comprises a rack; the method is characterized in that: the rotary tillage cutter, the fertilization tube and the seed releaser are sequentially arranged from front to back along the advancing direction of the seeder; the fertilizing pipe clings to the maximum rotation circumference of the rotary tillage cutter, and the seed releaser is connected with the fertilizing pipe in front through a connecting plate; a seed bed filling trimmer is arranged between the fertilizing pipe and the seed releaser, and a soil covering preparation device is arranged behind the seed releaser;
The length of the connecting plate is 250-450mm;
The seed bed filling trimmer comprises a front section and a rear section which are connected to form a V-shaped structure, wherein the front section of the seed bed filling trimmer is hinged with the frame, protrudes upwards and gradually contracts from front to back, forms V-shaped contraction under a overlooking angle, and is recessed downwards to form a groove after a dispersing soil flow filling trimming fertilizer pipe, so as to form a preliminary seed bed, and an angle adjusting rod is arranged at the middle part of the seed bed filling trimmer and used for adjusting the installation angle of the seed bed filling trimmer;
The earthing and preparing device comprises a front section and a rear section which are connected to form a V-shaped structure, wherein the front section of the earthing and preparing device is hinged to the tail end of the rear section of the seed bed filling and trimming device, the rear section of the earthing and preparing device is of a straight shape under the overlooking angle, and an earthing and preparing device adjusting rod for adjusting the installation angle is arranged at the middle part of the earthing and preparing device.
2. The wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine cropping of a seeding belt according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the connecting plate is 350mm.
3. The wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine cropping of a seeding belt according to claim 2, characterized in that: the installation angle of the seed bed filling trimmer is inversely proportional to the travelling speed of the seeder; the advancing speed of the seeder is reduced, so that the installation angle of the seed bed filling trimmer is increased; the greater the speed of travel of the planter, the smaller the angle of installation of the seedbed filling trimmer.
4. The wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine cropping of a seeding belt according to claim 3, characterized in that: when the travel speed of the planter was 4km/h, the installation angle of the seed bed filling trimmer was 40 degrees.
5. The wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine cropping of a seeding belt according to claim 1, characterized in that: the installation angle of the earthing and preparing device is inversely proportional to the travelling speed of the seeder; the advancing speed of the seeder is reduced, and the installation angle of the earthing and preparing device is increased; the travel speed of the seeder becomes high, and the installation angle of the earthing and preparing device becomes small.
6. The wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine cropping of a seeding belt according to claim 5, characterized in that: the following relation is satisfied between the installation angle alpha of the earthing and preparation device and the travelling speed v of the seeder: α= -3.75v 2 +30v, where v is in km/h and α is in degrees.
7. The wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine cropping of a seeding belt according to claim 5, characterized in that: the following relation is satisfied between the installation angle alpha of the earthing-up device and the cultivation depth H: α=75-0.5H, where H is in cm and α is in degrees.
8. The wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine cropping of a seeding belt according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: the rotary tillage knife is provided with a grass picking knife, and the position of a fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer pipe is within the maximum rotation circumference of the grass picking knife.
9. The wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine cropping of a seeding belt according to claim 8, characterized in that: the single-row effective planting width of the wide high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine tillage of the seeding belt is 11-16cm, the empty belt width is 20-25cm, and the occupied area of the effective planting area is 30-44%; the effective occupied area y of each seed and the sowing weight x satisfy the following relation: y= 0.01347x -1.019+1.055×10-5; wherein y is in cm 2 and x is in kg.
CN201711059727.7A 2017-11-01 2017-11-01 Wide-width high-yield no-tillage planter capable of realizing precision tillage and fine cropping of seeding belt Active CN107690856B (en)

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CN115104393A (en) * 2022-07-29 2022-09-27 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 A kind of sowing method and sowing equipment
CN115956410A (en) * 2022-12-01 2023-04-14 西安亚澳农机股份有限公司 High-quality low-consumption adhesion-free rotary sowing fertilizer applicator
CN115968601A (en) * 2022-12-01 2023-04-18 西安亚澳农机股份有限公司 Anti-winding blockage-forbidden rotary tillage seeding machine
CN118451862B (en) * 2024-07-11 2024-10-29 青岛农业大学 Kinetic energy type rotary throwing high-speed precise seed metering device and seed metering control method thereof

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CN103283330A (en) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-11 马根众 Wide zero tillage fertilizing seeder
CN205611186U (en) * 2016-04-26 2016-10-05 山东省农业机械科学研究院 Wide seedling next fertilizing and seeding in area machine of wheat rotary tillage

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JP4576600B2 (en) * 2004-02-10 2010-11-10 独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 Sowing equipment
CA2899648C (en) * 2013-01-29 2021-02-23 Jason James Michael PFITZNER Seeding apparatus

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103283330A (en) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-11 马根众 Wide zero tillage fertilizing seeder
CN205611186U (en) * 2016-04-26 2016-10-05 山东省农业机械科学研究院 Wide seedling next fertilizing and seeding in area machine of wheat rotary tillage

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