CN107669565A - 一种含有甘草的天然抗菌沐浴液 - Google Patents
一种含有甘草的天然抗菌沐浴液 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107669565A CN107669565A CN201711170315.0A CN201711170315A CN107669565A CN 107669565 A CN107669565 A CN 107669565A CN 201711170315 A CN201711170315 A CN 201711170315A CN 107669565 A CN107669565 A CN 107669565A
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- Prior art keywords
- bath foam
- parts
- betaine
- polysaccharide
- radix glycyrrhizae
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 235000006200 Glycyrrhiza glabra Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 37
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- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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Abstract
一种含有甘草的天然抗菌沐浴液，包含甘草提取物和沐浴液基质，所述沐浴液基质包括水、月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠、甜菜碱、氯化钠、柠檬酸、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯、香精、硝酸镁、氯化镁，所述甘草提取物和沐浴液基质的重量比为1：50。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及日化领域，尤其涉及一种含有甘草的天然抗菌沐浴液。
背景技术
沐浴液是指洗澡时使用的一种液体清洗剂，是一种现代人常见的清洁用品。甘草是豆科植物乌拉尔甘草、光果甘草或胀果甘草的干燥根及根莲。甘草的主要有效成分是甘草甜素，是甘草酸的金属盐类化合物。甘草酸能够水解，生成甘草次酸和葡萄糖醛酸等。甘草含有多种黄酮类化合物，如甘草苷、异甘草苷、甘草苦元、异甘草苷元、芒柄黄花素、甘草醇、异甘草醇和甘草利酮等。甘草在我国一般分为两种：东甘草也叫东草，产于山西、东北、河北等地；西甘草也叫西草，产于内蒙古、宁夏盐池、新疆、甘肃、陕西、青海等地。甘草味甜，性平，是补脾润肺、止咳益气、解疫解毒的常用中草药，具有祛痰、止痛、解毒、解痉以及抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗病毒等作用。生甘草可以治疗咽喉发炎，消化道溃疡以及解药物中毒、食物中毒等，与蜂蜜配合可以治疗消化道功能衰退，发热以及乏力、心悸等。
目前市场上还缺少一种含有甘草的天然抗菌沐浴液。
发明内容
为了解决现有问题，本发明提供一种含有甘草的天然抗菌沐浴液，包含甘草提取物和沐浴液基质，所述沐浴液基质包括水、月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠、甜菜碱、氯化钠、柠檬酸、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯、香精、硝酸镁、氯化镁，所述甘草提取物和沐浴液基质的重量比为1：50。
在一些实施方式中，所述沐浴液基质中各成分的重量配比为水100份、月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠8-12份、甜菜碱2-8份、氯化钠1-4份、柠檬酸1-2份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯4-6份、香精0.5-1份、硝酸镁1-2份、氯化镁1-2份。
在一些实施方式中，所述沐浴液基质中各成分的重量配比为水100份、月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠10份、甜菜碱6份、氯化钠2份、柠檬酸1份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯4份、香精0.5份、硝酸镁1份、氯化镁2份。
在一些实施方式中，所述香精选自乙醇、香叶醇、玫瑰精油、α-紫罗兰酮、芳樟醇、乙酸香叶酯、丁酸苯乙酯、香叶油、丁香酚、壬醛、香茅醇、柠檬醛、辛醛、苯乙酸丁酯中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，所述甜菜碱选自柠檬酸甜菜碱、十六烷基甜菜碱、丁基甜菜碱乙酯、苯丙氨酸甜菜碱、油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、棕榈酰胺丙基甜菜碱、月桂酰胺丙基甜菜碱、月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、椰油基烷基二甲基甜菜碱、3-月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、椰油酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱、十六烷基磺基甜菜碱、十四烷基磺基甜菜碱、月桂基甜菜碱、癸基磺基甜菜碱、辛基磺基甜菜碱、N-(3-椰油酰胺基丙基)-N，N-二甲基-N-(3-磺基丙基)铵甜菜碱、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，所述水为去离子水。
在一些实施方式中，所述甘草提取物的提取方法为，将甘草洗净，磨成粉，然后用二甲基亚砜浸泡3h，然后过滤，弃去滤液，将滤渣用乙醇回流提取，趁热过滤，将滤液蒸干，即得。
在一些实施方式中，所述回流提取的温度为110℃。
在一些实施方式中，所述回流提取的时间为3h。
本发明还提供一种如上所述的沐浴液的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将各成分于55℃下混合，搅拌30min，冷却至室温，即得。
具体实施方式
参选以下本发明的优选实施方法的详述以及包括的实施例可更容易地理解本发明的内容。除非另有限定，本文使用的所有技术以及科学术语具有与本发明所属领域普通技术人员通常理解的相同的含义。当存在矛盾时，以本说明书中的定义为准。
如本文所用术语“由…制备”与“包含”同义。本文中所用的术语“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”或其任何其它变形，意在覆盖非排它性的包括。例如，包含所列要素的组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置不必仅限于那些要素，而是可以包括未明确列出的其它要素或此种组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置所固有的要素。
连接词“由…组成”排除任何未指出的要素、步骤或组分。如果用于权利要求中，此短语将使权利要求为封闭式，使其不包含除那些描述的材料以外的材料，但与其相关的常规杂质除外。当短语“由…组成”出现在权利要求主体的子句中而不是紧接在主题之后时，其仅限定在该子句中描述的要素；其它要素并不被排除在作为整体的所述权利要求之外。
当量、浓度、或者其它值或参数以范围、优选范围、或一系列上限优选值和下限优选值限定的范围表示时，这应当被理解为具体公开了由任何范围上限或优选值与任何范围下限或优选值的任一配对所形成的所有范围，而不论该范围是否单独公开了。例如，当公开了范围“1至5”时，所描述的范围应被解释为包括范围“1至4”、“1至3”、“1至2”、“1至2和4至5”、“1至3和5”等。当数值范围在本文中被描述时，除非另外说明，否则该范围意图包括其端值和在该范围内的所有整数和分数。
单数形式包括复数讨论对象，除非上下文中另外清楚地指明。“任选的”或者“任意一种”是指其后描述的事项或事件可以发生或不发生，而且该描述包括事件发生的情形和事件不发生的情形。
说明书和权利要求书中的近似用语用来修饰数量，表示本发明并不限定于该具体数量，还包括与该数量接近的可接受的而不会导致相关基本功能的改变的修正的部分。相应的，用“大约”、“约”等修饰一个数值，意为本发明不限于该精确数值。在某些例子中，近似用语可能对应于测量数值的仪器的精度。在本申请说明书和权利要求书中，范围限定可以组合和/或互换，如果没有另外说明这些范围包括其间所含有的所有子范围。
此外，本发明要素或组分前的不定冠词“一种”和“一个”对要素或组分的数量要求(即出现次数)无限制性。因此“一个”或“一种”应被解读为包括一个或至少一个，并且单数形式的要素或组分也包括复数形式，除非所述数量明显旨指单数形式。
本发明提供一种含有甘草的天然抗菌沐浴液，包含甘草提取物和沐浴液基质，所述沐浴液基质包括水、月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠、甜菜碱、氯化钠、柠檬酸、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯、香精、硝酸镁、氯化镁，所述甘草提取物和沐浴液基质的重量比为1：50。
随着社会的进步和人们生活水平的提髙，人们也越来越注重皮肤的保养和自身的形象。因此具有美白功能的日化用品很受消费者的青睐。现在人们在追求日化用品的美白效果的同时，也很注重日化用品的安全化对日化用品也有了更高的要求。化牧品向着"绿色、天然、环保"方向发展，健康美白已成为美白日化用品发展的主流趋势。
美白日化用品中的功能性原料分为化学合成类和天然类。合成类的美白剂如氨酿、曲酸及其衍生物等，这类美白剂能快速美白。但是部分化学合成添加剂具有细胞毒性，若长期使用，可能会造成人体生理系统失衡，导致皮肤过早老化，甚至还会发生恶性病变。
当前的美白剂以酪氨酸酶抑制剂为主，酪氨酸酶广泛分布于生物体内，是一种金属氧化酶，也是黑素形成的关键酶。现在，酪氨酸酶抑制剂在黑色素沉着过度有关的皮肤疾病和美白日化用品中起着很重要的作用。天然美白剂如花生红衣提取物、瓜萎瓢提取物、桑叶提取物、红景天提取物、银杏叶提取物、荔枝壳提取物等植物提取物，能够较好的抑制酪氨酸酶活性，添加到日化用品基质中既能美白肌肤又不会损坏肌肤。因此相比于化学合成类美白剂，天然类的美白剂更加温和、安全、稳定。在我国，早在古时候人们就将植物用于护肤和美白中，南朝梁人甄权所著的《药性论》中的白术、白芨，和《神农本草经》中的玉竹、白芷等都可用于去黑白面。根据德龄著的《御香飘渺录》，慈禧太后经常用以白芷、白附子、甘草、玫瑰花等植物配制的护肤品，她的肌肤到老年依然白润柔嫩。天然类的美白剂的温和和安全是大多合成类的美白剂无法相比的。
当前的日化用品已不限于只使用一种功能性成分，而是通过两种或者两种以上的功能性成分复配发挥协同作用以达到更好的效果。例如：将茶多酚和螺旋藻进行复配发挥协同作用，达到很好的抗氧化效果。将纳米TiO2、花生壳总黄酮和槐花总黄酮进行复配，在UVA区、UVB区达到很好的防晒效果，将壬二酸衍生物、传明酸和红景天提取物进行复配，能够发挥它们的协同作用以抑制酪氨酸酶的活性。这也是美白日化用品发展的新潮流。
在一些实施方式中，所述沐浴液基质中各成分的重量配比为水100份、月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠8-12份、甜菜碱2-8份、氯化钠1-4份、柠檬酸1-2份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯4-6份、香精0.5-1份、硝酸镁1-2份、氯化镁1-2份。
在一些实施方式中，所述沐浴液基质中各成分的重量配比为水100份、月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠10份、甜菜碱6份、氯化钠2份、柠檬酸1份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯4份、香精0.5份、硝酸镁1份、氯化镁2份。
甘草是多年生草本，隶属于豆科蝶形花亚科甘草属，又名甜草、红甘草、甜根子等，是一种重要的中药。甘草由于其药用功效已被使用了几千年，我国早在秦汉时期《神农本草经》中就将甘草列为上品。甘草具有清热解毒、健脾益气、祛咳止疲、调和诸药及其他功效。甘草不止用于医药、食品、日化用品领域，还可用于防风固沙、改善生态环境。甘草中主要含有三萜类、黄酮类和多糖类化合物，此外还有一部分有机酸类、氨基酸、生物碱、香豆素等化合物，国内外专家已从甘草中分离鉴定得到了一百五十多个黄酮类化合物、六十多种三萜类化合物。甘草酸和光甘草定是其中两种活性成分。
我国利用甘草治疗疾病已有2500多年的历史，被历代名医尊为众药之王。东汉神农本草经称甘草为美草、蜜甘，列为上品。梁代本草经集注中说此草为众草之王，经方少有不用者。唐代药性本草记载，诸药中甘草为君，治七十二种乳石毒，解一千二百般草木毒，调和众药有功，固有国老之号。杏林历来有十方九草、无草不成方之说。有关甘草的产地、形态和采收的记载亦有不少。别录记载：甘草生河西川谷积沙山及上郡。二月、八月除日采根，暴干，十日成。《本草经集注》云：“河西上郡不复通市今出蜀汉中，悉从汶山诸夷中来。亦皮断理看之坚实者，是抱罕草，最佳”。《本草图经》载：“今陕西河东州郡皆有之，春生青苗，高一二尺，叶如槐叶，七月开紫花似奈，冬结实作角，子如毕豆。根长者三四尺，粗细不定，皮赤上有横梁，梁下皆细根也。二月、八月除日采根，暴干，十日成，去芦头及赤皮，今云阴干用。今甘草有数种，以坚实断理者为佳，其轻虚纵理及细韧者不堪惟货”。
甘草味甘、性平，归心、肺、脾、胃经，具有补脾益气，清热解毒，祛痰止咳，缓急止痛，调和诸药之功能，用于脾胃虚弱，倦怠乏力，心悸气短，咳嗽痰多，脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛，痈肿疙毒，缓解药物毒性、烈性。
甘草含三萜类、黄酮类和多糖类化合物，另外还含有香豆素类、氨基酸类、生物碱、性激素和有机酸等100多种有效化学成分。三萜类化合物主要含甘草甜素、甘草次酸、甘草萜醇、异甘草内酯、齐墩果酸等。黄酮类化合物主要含甘草甙、甘草甙元、异甘草甙、异甘草甙元、甘草黄酮A和甘草查尔酮A、B。
在一些实施方式中，所述香精选自乙醇、香叶醇、玫瑰精油、α-紫罗兰酮、芳樟醇、乙酸香叶酯、丁酸苯乙酯、香叶油、丁香酚、壬醛、香茅醇、柠檬醛、辛醛、苯乙酸丁酯中的至少一种。
甘草酸又名甘草甜素，是甘草中一种常见的三萜类化合物，由一分子的三萜角苷和两分子的葡萄糖醛酸组成。草酸有羧基所以在甘草中常以钾盐和钠盐的形式存在。甘草酸不只是天然甜味剂，还具有抗病毒、抗炎、増强细胞免疫、防癌、抗癌等药理作用，甘草酸铵盐被广泛用于治疗支气管哮喘和其它的疾病，市面上有许多含有甘草酸的药物，例如甘草酸二铵盐肠溶胶囊等。甘草酸分子中有亲水性、亲油性基团，发泡能力强，因此还具有乳化效果且热值较低、高安全性，己被广泛用于食品、医药、日化用品等领域。
目前，用于提取甘草酸的方法有多种，蒸馏水、稀氨水和氨性醇是常用的提取溶剂。送些提取方法各有特点：水提法操作简单、成本较低，但得率也比较低；稀氨水和有机溶剂提取法与水提法相比，提取率比较高，但是容易造成污染；超声提取法与微波提取法的提取时间短，提取率也较高，但是成本高，而且微波法适用于少量快速的提取，不能用于工业化。甘草酸的测量方法主要有比色法、薄层扫描法、毛细管电泳法、高效液相色谱法等。
光甘草定是光果甘草中异黄酮的其中一种。光甘草定占光果甘草黄酮类成分的11％左右。光甘草定具有多种药理活性，如抑菌、抗炎、抗氧化、雌激素样活性、抗动脉粥样硬化等。光甘草定抑制酪氨酸酶活性作用显著，且对黑素细胞毒性较低，是世上公认的安全的美白剂，可用于美白和减轻色斑。光甘草定不溶于水，可溶于有机溶剂，因此常用有机溶剂做光甘草定的提取溶剂。目前光甘草定的检测方法有多种，如高效液相色谱法、薄层-紫外显色法和毛细管电泳法等。
在一些实施方式中，所述甜菜碱选自柠檬酸甜菜碱、十六烷基甜菜碱、丁基甜菜碱乙酯、苯丙氨酸甜菜碱、油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、棕榈酰胺丙基甜菜碱、月桂酰胺丙基甜菜碱、月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、椰油基烷基二甲基甜菜碱、3-月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、椰油酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱、十六烷基磺基甜菜碱、十四烷基磺基甜菜碱、月桂基甜菜碱、癸基磺基甜菜碱、辛基磺基甜菜碱、N-(3-椰油酰胺基丙基)-N，N-二甲基-N-(3-磺基丙基)铵甜菜碱、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，所述水为去离子水。
在一些实施方式中，所述甘草提取物的提取方法为，将甘草洗净，磨成粉，然后用二甲基亚砜浸泡3h，然后过滤，弃去滤液，将滤渣用乙醇回流提取，趁热过滤，将滤液蒸干，即得。
在一些实施方式中，所述回流提取的温度为110℃。
在一些实施方式中，所述回流提取的时间为3h。
甘草含有多种药理成分，对其药理作用研究日趋广泛，主要有如下所述：
1.肾上腺皮质激素样作用
盐皮质激素样作用：甘草粉、甘草浸膏、甘草甜素、甘草次酸对健康人及多种动物均有促进钠、水潴留和排钾增加等作用，与去氧皮质酮的作用相似。糖皮质激素样作用：小剂量甘草甜素、甘草次酸能使大鼠胸腺萎缩及肾上腺重量增加，呈现糖皮质激素样作用。甘草甜素能显著增强和延长可的松的作用。
2.抗炎及抗免疫作用
甘草次酸对大鼠棉球肉芽肿、甲醛性浮肿、结核菌素反应、皮下肉芽肿性炎症均有一定的抑制作用。α-甘草次酸的抗炎作用比β-异构体强。甘草甜素能非特异地增强巨噬细胞MΦ的吞噬活性，并可消除MΦ的抑制活性，MΦ产生的免疫调节介质对免疫系统的调节十分重要，甘草甜素则对免疫调节介质的产生具有一定作用。甘草甜素具有诱生IFN-γ的活性，能增强PWM诱导的多克隆IgM的产生。甘草甜素促进抗体的产生，部分原因是因为MΦ被活化。实验表明，甘草甜素有较强的补体抑制作用，其抑制血清补体总活性(CH50)的有效浓度为1mmol/L。甘草甜素是一种有效的生物应答修饰剂，在增强机体免疫功能的同时抑制变态反应的发生。
3.对消化系统的作用
甘草浸膏、甘草提取物、甘草甙、异甘草甙、甘草素及FM100对大鼠实验性溃疡均有明显抑制作用。
4.对艾滋病病毒的作用
解毒的有效成分为甘草甜素，可能是由于它水解产物葡萄糖醛酸与含有羟基或羧基的毒物结合而起到解毒的作用，能缓解中毒症状，降低中毒动物死亡率，故有“甘草能解百药毒”之说。伊藤等报道，甘草甜素可以抑制艾滋病病毒在体外的增殖。0.5g/mL浓度的甘草甜素对HIV增殖的抑制率高达98％以上。
5.镇咳去痰作用
甘草甜素的衍生物对豚鼠有明显的镇咳作用，强度与可待因近似。甘草口服后能覆盖
在发炎的咽喉粘膜上，缓和炎症刺激而镇咳，还能促进咽部和支气管粘膜分泌，使痰易于咳出，呈现祛痰镇咳作用。
6.对脂质代谢的影响
甘草粉每天灌胃1-3g，对家兔动脉粥样硬化无预防作用，对正常人的脂质代谢也无影响。但对实验性高脂血症家兔，甘草甜素有明显的降血脂作用。
7.抗肿瘤作用
活性氧或氧自由基在肿瘤发生的某一阶段发挥重要的作用，因而应用抗氧化剂预防肿瘤的发生日益受到人们的重视，甘草中含有的黄酮类成分具有明显的抗氧化作用，对预防肿瘤效果显著。甘草黄酮、甘草甜素对大鼠腹水、肝癌及小鼠艾式腹水癌细胞，产生形态学上的改变。
8.保肝作用
甘草中的活性物质对四氯化碳及化学致癌剂甲基氨偶氮苯所致的肝损伤和肝癌有明显的保护作用。
9.抗病原微生物作用
甘草中的活性成分对革兰氏阳性菌、杆菌、链球菌等均具有明显的抑制作用。甘草黄酮类物质、甘草酸对HIV有较强的抑制作用。
10.对室上性心律失常的作用
甘草总黄酮可增加哇巴因诱发豚鼠出现室性早搏、室速、室颤和心搏停止所用计量，说明甘草总黄酮具有抗心律失常作用。
11.对人红细胞的保护作用
通过对老化红细胞和年轻红细胞进行培养，测定丙二醛含量，在甘草水提液中培养的细胞丙二醛含量显著降低，说明甘草是抗衰老作用较好的中药。
12.对内耳听觉功能的影响
豚鼠肌肉注射甘草次酸后，出现耳蜗微音电位和听神经复合动作电位幅值的升高及听神经复合动作电位反应阂值的降低，表明甘草次酸能改善内耳的听觉机能。
本发明还提供一种如上所述的沐浴液的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将各成分于55℃下混合，搅拌30min，冷却至室温，即得。
在化学成分方面的研究表明，乌拉尔甘草中含有三萜类、黄酮类、生物碱类和多糖类化合物。
三萜类包括甘草酸及其盐甘草甜素，是甘草中的甜味成分。
黄酮类化合物包括异芒柄花素4-葡萄糖甙、甘草甙、异甘草甙、甘草素-7，4-二葡萄糖甙、新异甘草甙、异芒柄花甙、新甘草酚、甘草素。
生物碱类化合物包括四氢喹啉化合物：5，6，7，8-四氢-2，4-二甲基喹啉，5，6，7，8-四氢-4-甲基喹啉。
多糖类化合物分得一种中性多糖，命名为glycyrriazn.UC，为阿拉伯-3，6-半乳糖-葡聚糖型多糖。
在测定甘草及其制剂有效成分含量方面，人们进行了大量的研究工作，测定方法也日趋成熟完善。由简单的滴定法、重量法，逐步发展出现了电位滴定法、交流示波极谱法、比色法、紫外分光光度法、红外分光光度法、气相色谱法、棒状薄层测定法、柱层析-紫外分光光度法、薄层层析-比色法、纸层析-紫外分光光度法、薄层层析-紫外分光光度法、薄层扫描法、高效液相色谱法。
在药理学研究方面，人们研究得比较深入。现在已证明，甘草具有多方面药理作用。对呼吸系统有镇咳平喘、解痉止咳、祛痰、抗过敏作用，对循环系统具有降低血中胆固醇的作用，对消化系统具有缓解胃肠平滑肌痉挛，直接吸附胃酸，对胃粘膜上皮细胞具有保护作用，促进胃溃疡愈合，防止溃疡发生，增强肝脏解毒能力，抗肝损害，促进胆汁分泌，对内分泌系统具有肾上腺皮质激素样作用。此外，还具有解毒、消炎作用。
近年来，随着甘草多糖类物质药理作用研究的深入，表明它对脂质过氧化终产物丙二醛的生成具有明显的抑制作用，能有效地清除体内产成的O2·和OH·等自由基，从而阻断脂质过氧化反应的增殖，具有明显的预防肿瘤作用，同时对HIV增殖的抑制作用比甘草甜素强得多，是颇具潜力的抗艾滋病天然首选药物。
糖类的研究己有百余年的历史。虽研究较早，但因基础研究的困难，长期未受重视，研究水平较蛋白质、核酸低得多。近十年来，由于膜的化学功能，免疫物质的化学研究与发展，以及新药物资源的寻找和研究等，发现糖类在生物体内的作用不仅是作为能量资源或结构材料，更重要的是参与了生命现象中细胞的各种活动，具有多种多样的生物学功能，因此糖类的研究开始逐步活泼起来。
糖类是自然界最多的有机化合物，多糖是重要的生物高分子化合物。多糖在自然界分布极广。现已从天然产物中分离出300余种多糖类化合物。按来源不同，多糖可分为五大类：
真菌多糖、高等植物多糖、藻类地衣多糖、动物多糖、细菌类多糖。多糖作为药物进行研究始于40年代，50年代末对真菌多糖抗癌效果的发现使人们开始了多糖的系列化研究。日本在60年代的研究表明多糖具有复杂的、多方面的生物活性和功能：多糖可作为广谱免疫促进剂，具免疫调节功能，如多糖能治疗风湿病、慢性病毒性肝炎、癌症等免疫系统疾病，甚至能抗AIDs病毒。还具有抗感染、抗放射、抗凝血、降血脂，促进核酸与蛋白质的生物合成作用；能控制细胞分裂和分化，调节细胞的生长与衰老。而且多糖作为药物其毒性极小，因而多糖的研究已引起人们的极大兴趣。中国对多糖的研究始于70年代，由于我国有非常丰富的中草药资源和雄厚的传统中医理论，近年来对植物多糖的研究发展很快，研究水平日益提高，层次日益深入，其中对免疫机理、抗肿瘤活性的研究已深入到分子水平，在多糖的分离提取、结构分析方面己做了不少工作。
由于多糖所具有生物活性与其结构紧密相关，而多糖的结构又是相当复杂的，因此多糖的结构和功能的关系是多糖研究中的热点和难点。多糖的高级结构对功能的影响肯定比一级结构重要，但这方面至今并不十分清楚。多糖的结构分类沿用了对蛋白质和核酸的分析方法，包括一级、二级、三级和四级结构。多糖的一级结构包括糖基的组成、糖基排列顺序、相邻糖基的连接方式、糖链有无分支、分支位置及长短等。与蛋白质和核酸相比，糖的一级结构非常复杂。同蛋白质和核酸一样，立体构型是决定多糖生物活性的决定因素之一，同时分子量、取代基、溶解度、粘度甚至给药剂量、途径等也都影响其生物活性。
大量的药理和临床研究表明，多糖类化合物是一种免疫调节剂。到目前为，在已被分离的天然多糖类化合物中，发现有100多种多糖类化合物具有免疫调节作用，典型的植物多糖如云芝多糖、香菇多糖和茶叶多糖(TPS)等。多糖分布广泛，其功能多种多样，具有抗病毒、抗风湿性关节炎、防治胃溃疡及防治癌症等生理活性，同时多糖没有细胞毒性，而且药物质量通过化学手段容易控制，故对多糖的研究已成为医药界的热门，多糖类药物已成为
当前新药的发展方向之一。多糖的研究不仅涉及生命现象中众多深奥理论的基础问题，而且有非常广泛的应用。有的多糖因其特殊的生物活性，且无毒副作用而被作为临床用药或疫苗。有的多糖因其特殊的理化特性(如粘性、亲水性等)而应用在食品、轻纺、石油工业等。近年来已利用微生物发酵工程生产多种多糖来满足应用与研究的需要。
一些分子量在几千以上，具有很强生物活性的活性多糖的研究日益受到重视，它们的生理活性、化学结构及构效关系等成为多糖研究的前沿阵地，取得了很大的进展。许多研究成果表明，糖类是生物体内除蛋白质和核酸以外的又一类重要的生物大分子，尤其是一类重要的信息分子。随着对糖类研究的重视及深入，糖生物学及糖工程学等学科应运而生，糖生物学被誉为生命科学中的新前沿，糖链也被称为生命科学中的第三条链。
国内外研究的主要目标是一方面进一步寻求活性更高，特别是对肿瘤、艾滋病更为有效的多糖，如对抗艾滋病的硫酸多糖的研究己成为当今多糖研究中的又一个“兴奋点”；另一方面正在着重进行构效关系的研究。因为一旦构效关系阐述清楚，将对发现新的多糖起指导作用，并对药物学、分子生物学的理论作出新贡献。多糖研究的最终目的都是探讨结构与功能的关系，以提高多糖的药物活性与其它作用。
随着多糖研究的不断深入，研究范围的不断拓宽，近年来已发现有多种多糖具有抗氧化作用，如黑芝麻多糖、黑豆多糖、海藻多糖、鼠多藻多糖、极大螺旋藻多糖、青竹梅多糖、怀山药多糖、通草及小通草多糖等。
多糖作为一种重要的生物活性物质，虽然到目前为止，只有云芝多糖、黄芩多糖、香菇多糖、裂褶多糖及茯苓多糖等用于临床，但它们在抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗衰老、降血糖、愈溃疡等疑难症的治疗方面己显示了诱人的前景。随着多糖的制备、结构、合成、药理学及临床学研究的不断深入，多糖药物将具有更广阔的前景。
甘草中的多糖成分具有重要的药理作用，例如：
1.提高机体的免疫功能。这是目前公认的多糖类抗肿瘤作用的主要机理。多糖对机体的免疫调节作用主要有以下的方式和途径：l.激活巨噬细胞，2.激活网状内皮系统，3.激活T和B细胞，4.激活补体，5.促进干扰素的生成，6.促进自细胞介素的生成，7.诱生肿瘤坏死因子等几方面。
2.增强红细胞免疫功能。1981年Siegel提出“红细胞免疫系统”，并推测RBC可阻止癌细胞在血液循环中播散。此后红细胞免疫与肿瘤发生的研究不断受到重视。其机理是RBC可通过C3b受体粘附已激活粘附补体的肿瘤细胞，从而增强吞噬细胞的功能，防止癌细胞的血行转移。肿瘤细胞的繁殖可产生对抗机体RCB免疫功能的物质，使RCB免疫功能处于低下，粘附肿瘤细胞的能力降低。多糖类可提高RCB的免疫功能，粘附肿瘤的能力也增强，对防止肿瘤扩散有很大的价值。
3.改变肿瘤细胞膜的结构。多糖类还可直接作用于肿瘤细胞。刺五加、茯苓等4种多糖对S-180细胞膜的磷酸肌醇的转换有抑制效应。另一方面，多糖类还可促使肿瘤细胞膜磷脂的生化特性发生改变，进而破坏肿瘤细胞的正常结构及功能。刺五加多糖对肿瘤细胞膜中性脂的脂肪酸组成发生了明显的改变。
4.抑制肿瘤组织中SOD活力。灵芝多糖对小鼠正常组织SOD活性有促进作用。而对肿瘤组织中的SOD活性产生抑制，这样促进了肿瘤细胞的脂质过氧化，加速肿瘤细胞的死亡，而对正常组织起到保护作用。
5.抗癌。如人参多糖，半夏多糖，茯苓多糖，鹿茸多糖，云芝多糖，银耳多糖，棕色海藻多糖，灵芝碱性多糖，冬虫夏草碱性多糖，天南星的D-甘露醇等。
6.抗病毒。人参多糖，甘草多糖抗水泡性口炎病毒、腺病毒、单纯疙疹病毒、牛毒病毒和艾滋病病毒。紫草多糖抑制单纯疤疹病毒。由冬虫夏草培养制得的虫草头饱菌丝体通过淋巴细胞的功效而抑制肝炎病毒的核糖核酸，阻滞其转录和翻译，可使乙型肝炎表面抗原转阴，临床使用于乙型肝炎有较好的治疗效果。
7.心血管和血液系统。大黄中的多糖可能通过抑制钠泵而有强心作用，并降低血压。大黄的多糖缩短出血的凝血时间，使实验性高血脂症动物的血清以及肝脏的总胆固醇和甘油三醇明显降低。骨碎补多糖降血脂、抗动脉粥样硬化。
甘草多糖(GPS)作为植物多糖的一种，具有诸多的生物活性。现已发现GPS具有抗病毒活性，并已有小分子甘草多糖Q-吡喃葡聚糖从生药甘草中提取纯化出来。从甘草中提取的多糖具有较强的免疫作用及抗肿瘤活性。
甘草多糖具有明显的抗体抑制作用，在抗原认知到抗体形成过程中抑制抗原结合细胞数的增加，抑制调节T细胞的作用，影响巨噬细胞酶，抑制抗体信息处理，延长移植的异体组织存活时间。另外，甘草多糖可增强肾皮质功能，增加胃粘膜中cAMP含量，cAMP含量的增加产生抗溃疡和抑瘤作用。
甘草多糖对水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)、腺病毒II型(AdvII)、HSV-I和牛痘病毒(VV)均有明显的抑制作用。但对麻疹病毒作用较弱，对仙台病毒和柯萨奇病毒B3型无作用。l：4以上稀释的甘草多糖对L929和FL细胞无毒性作用。对甘草多糖的作用机理研究结果表明，甘草多糖不但可直接灭活上述4种病毒，而且对细胞内的病毒也有作用。可阻止VSV，AdvIII吸附与进入细胞。甘草糖蛋白对某些病毒也具有一定的抑制作用。
甘草残渣中分离纯化的一种水溶性中性葡聚糖GPS，通过急性毒性实验证明其属无毒物质，通过体内抑瘤实验表明，GPS对小鼠肉瘤S-180及艾氏腹水移植瘤皆有明显抑制作用，其抑制率分别高于80％和30％。GPS参与免疫调节，抑制变态反应，并具有较强的抗肿瘤作用。
本发明提出的含有甘草的天然抗菌沐浴液尚属首次。
发明人发现在甘草提取物的提取过程中，先用二甲基亚砜浸泡，再进行后续提取得到的甘草提取物，不仅能提高抗菌性能，也能提高沐浴液的稳定性，在长时间存放下不会出现破乳的现象。
下面结合具体实施例进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
一种含有甘草的天然抗菌沐浴液，包含甘草提取物和沐浴液基质，所述沐浴液基质包括去离子水、月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠、甜菜碱、氯化钠、柠檬酸、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯、香精、硝酸镁、氯化镁，所述甘草提取物和沐浴液基质的重量比为1：50。所述沐浴液基质中各成分的重量配比为去离子水100份、月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠10份、甜菜碱6份、氯化钠2份、柠檬酸1份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯4份、香精0.5份、硝酸镁1份、氯化镁2份。所述香精为香茅醇。所述甜菜碱为椰油基烷基二甲基甜菜碱。
所述甘草提取物的提取方法为，将甘草洗净，磨成粉，然后用二甲基亚砜浸泡3h，然后过滤，弃去滤液，将滤渣用乙醇回流提取，趁热过滤，将滤液蒸干，即得。所述回流提取的温度为110℃。所述回流提取的时间为3h。
制备方法，将各成分于55℃下混合，搅拌30min，冷却至室温，即得。
实施例2
沐浴液，包含甘草提取物和沐浴液基质，所述沐浴液基质包括去离子水、月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠、甜菜碱、氯化钠、柠檬酸、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯、香精、硝酸镁、氯化镁，所述甘草提取物和沐浴液基质的重量比为1：50。所述沐浴液基质中各成分的重量配比为去离子水100份、月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠10份、甜菜碱6份、氯化钠2份、柠檬酸1份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯4份、香精0.5份、硝酸镁1份、氯化镁2份。所述香精为香茅醇。所述甜菜碱为椰油基烷基二甲基甜菜碱。所述甘草提取物的提取方法为，将甘草洗净，磨成粉，用乙醇回流提取，趁热过滤，将滤液蒸干，即得。所述回流提取的温度为110℃。所述回流提取的时间为3h。
制备方法，将各成分于55℃下混合，搅拌30min，冷却至室温，即得。
测试方法
1.抗菌性能测试
测定实施例1和实施例2对白色念珠菌的最低抑菌浓度值MIC(μg/mL)。
2.稳定性测试
将实施例1和实施例2于45℃恒温箱中密封静置30天，观察是否出现破乳的现象。测试结果见下表。
| MIC(μg/mL) | 是否破乳 | |
| 实施例1 | 25 | 否 |
| 实施例2 | 45 | 是 |
前述的实例仅是说明性的，用于解释本发明所述方法的一些特征。所附的权利要求旨在要求可以设想的尽可能广的范围，且本文所呈现的实施例仅是根据所有可能的实施例的组合的选择的实施方式的说明。因此，申请人的用意是所附的权利要求不被说明本发明的特征的示例的选择限制。在权利要求中所用的一些数值范围也包括了在其之内的子范围，这些范围中的变化也应在可能的情况下解释为被所附的权利要求覆盖。
Claims (10)
1.一种含有甘草的天然抗菌沐浴液，其特征在于，包含甘草提取物和沐浴液基质，所述沐浴液基质包括水、月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠、甜菜碱、氯化钠、柠檬酸、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯、香精、硝酸镁、氯化镁，所述甘草提取物和沐浴液基质的重量比为1：50。
2.如权利要求1所述的沐浴液，其特征在于，所述沐浴液基质中各成分的重量配比为水100份、月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠8-12份、甜菜碱2-8份、氯化钠1-4份、柠檬酸1-2份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯4-6份、香精0.5-1份、硝酸镁1-2份、氯化镁1-2份。
3.如权利要求1所述的沐浴液，其特征在于，所述沐浴液基质中各成分的重量配比为水100份、月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠10份、甜菜碱6份、氯化钠2份、柠檬酸1份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯4份、香精0.5份、硝酸镁1份、氯化镁2份。
4.如权利要求1所述的沐浴液，其特征在于，所述香精选自乙醇、香叶醇、玫瑰精油、α-紫罗兰酮、芳樟醇、乙酸香叶酯、丁酸苯乙酯、香叶油、丁香酚、壬醛、香茅醇、柠檬醛、辛醛、苯乙酸丁酯中的至少一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的沐浴液，其特征在于，所述甜菜碱选自柠檬酸甜菜碱、十六烷基甜菜碱、丁基甜菜碱乙酯、苯丙氨酸甜菜碱、油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、棕榈酰胺丙基甜菜碱、月桂酰胺丙基甜菜碱、月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、椰油基烷基二甲基甜菜碱、3-月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、椰油酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱、十六烷基磺基甜菜碱、十四烷基磺基甜菜碱、月桂基甜菜碱、癸基磺基甜菜碱、辛基磺基甜菜碱、N-(3-椰油酰胺基丙基)-N，N-二甲基-N-(3-磺基丙基)铵甜菜碱、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱中的至少一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的沐浴液，其特征在于，所述水为去离子水。
7.如权利要求1所述的沐浴液，其特征在于，所述甘草提取物的提取方法为，将甘草洗净，磨成粉，然后用二甲基亚砜浸泡3h，然后过滤，弃去滤液，将滤渣用乙醇回流提取，趁热过滤，将滤液蒸干，即得。
8.如权利要求7所述的沐浴液，其特征在于，所述回流提取的温度为110℃。
9.如权利要求7所述的沐浴液，其特征在于，所述回流提取的时间为3h。
10.一种如权利要求1-9中任一项权利要求所述的沐浴液的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：将各成分于55℃下混合，搅拌30min，冷却至室温，即得。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108309866A (zh) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-07-24 | 内蒙古伊草恋生物科技有限责任公司 | 一种含有甘草提取物的成人沐浴露 |
| CN108403462A (zh) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-08-17 | 内蒙古伊草恋生物科技有限责任公司 | 一种含有甘草提取物的婴儿沐浴露 |
| CN113069384A (zh) * | 2020-01-03 | 2021-07-06 | 内蒙古伊草恋生物科技有限责任公司 | 一种提亮保湿幻彩面膜及其制备方法 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108309866A (zh) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-07-24 | 内蒙古伊草恋生物科技有限责任公司 | 一种含有甘草提取物的成人沐浴露 |
| CN108403462A (zh) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-08-17 | 内蒙古伊草恋生物科技有限责任公司 | 一种含有甘草提取物的婴儿沐浴露 |
| CN108403462B (zh) * | 2018-04-26 | 2021-09-03 | 内蒙古伊草恋生物科技有限责任公司 | 一种含有甘草提取物的婴儿沐浴露 |
| CN113069384A (zh) * | 2020-01-03 | 2021-07-06 | 内蒙古伊草恋生物科技有限责任公司 | 一种提亮保湿幻彩面膜及其制备方法 |
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