CN107664045B - A high-temperature gas-cooled reactor steam turbine seal steam supply system and method - Google Patents
A high-temperature gas-cooled reactor steam turbine seal steam supply system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107664045B CN107664045B CN201710813472.2A CN201710813472A CN107664045B CN 107664045 B CN107664045 B CN 107664045B CN 201710813472 A CN201710813472 A CN 201710813472A CN 107664045 B CN107664045 B CN 107664045B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
- F01D11/04—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于核电技术领域，涉及一种高温气冷堆汽轮机汽封供汽系统及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear power and relates to a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor steam turbine seal steam supply system and method.
背景技术Background technique
汽轮机汽封系统用来密封汽轮机动静部件之间的间隙，是汽轮机的重要组成部件。目前，汽轮机汽封问题已成为影响汽轮机安全性和经济性的重要因素。主要有两方面原因：(1)汽封设计结构本身存在问题，使得汽轮机长期运行时汽封体极易损坏，造成低压缸汽封密封不严而引起真空降低，汽耗增大，汽轮机效率降低，严重情况下引起汽轮机动静部件摩擦，轴承振动值升高，甚至造成汽轮机转子永久弯曲等严重事故，该问题主要通过对汽封结构进行设计改进来解决；(2)汽封供汽系统可靠性差，使得汽封供汽压力和温度不能够严格满足汽轮机运行需求。汽轮机长期运行情况下，汽封供汽压力过高将导致蒸汽漏入轴承箱，造成润滑油中带水而乳化，引起油膜振荡，严重时会导致轴瓦烧毁；供汽压力过低时，同样会引起低压缸轴端汽封密封不严；供汽温度过高会造成汽轮机轴承温度升高，增加了汽封金属材料的蠕变性，从而造成汽封变形损坏；供汽温度过低会引起汽轮机汽缸积水，机组胀差值增大。有鉴于此，如何提高汽轮机汽封可靠性成为了一项重要的研究课题。目前对如何改进汽封设计结构方面取得了各方面的研究成果，但就如何提高汽封供汽系统可靠性方面的研究甚少，汽轮机实际运行过程中经常通过积累经验来调整汽封供汽参数。The steam turbine sealing system is used to seal the gaps between the static parts of the steam turbine and is an important component of the steam turbine. At present, the steam turbine seal problem has become an important factor affecting the safety and economy of steam turbines. There are two main reasons: (1) There are problems with the design structure of the steam seal itself, which makes the steam seal body easily damaged during long-term operation of the steam turbine, resulting in loose sealing of the low-pressure cylinder steam seal, resulting in reduced vacuum, increased steam consumption, and reduced steam turbine efficiency. , in severe cases, it can cause friction in the static parts of the steam turbine, increase the bearing vibration value, and even cause serious accidents such as permanent bending of the steam turbine rotor. This problem is mainly solved by improving the design of the steam seal structure; (2) The reliability of the steam seal steam supply system is poor , making the steam seal steam supply pressure and temperature unable to strictly meet the steam turbine operation requirements. When the steam turbine is running for a long time, too high steam supply pressure in the steam seal will cause steam to leak into the bearing box, causing water in the lubricating oil to emulsify, causing oil film oscillation, and in severe cases, the bearing bush will be burned; when the steam supply pressure is too low, the same will happen. Causes the low-pressure cylinder shaft end steam seal to be loosely sealed; too high a steam supply temperature will cause the temperature of the turbine bearing to rise, increasing the creep of the metal material of the steam seal, resulting in deformation and damage of the steam seal; too low a steam supply temperature will cause the steam turbine to Water accumulates in the cylinder and the expansion difference of the unit increases. In view of this, how to improve the reliability of steam turbine seals has become an important research topic. At present, various research results have been obtained on how to improve the design structure of the steam seal, but there is little research on how to improve the reliability of the steam seal steam supply system. During the actual operation of the steam turbine, the steam seal steam supply parameters are often adjusted by accumulating experience. .
球床模块式高温气冷堆核电站是目前国际公认的第四代先进反应堆，211MW高温气冷堆汽轮机汽封供汽系统流程如下图1所示。根据汽轮机冷态、稳态和热态启动工况的不同，分别由辅助电锅炉蒸汽系统和主蒸汽系统提供汽封汽源。汽轮机冷态或稳态启动时，来自辅助电锅炉的过热蒸汽(1.6MPa、350℃)经调节阀减压至0.025-0.031MPa后分为两路：一路直接供高压缸汽封来防止蒸汽从缸体漏出，另一路经过喷水减温器减温至121-177℃后供低压缸汽封来防止外部空气漏入缸体，该喷水减温器冷却水源来自凝结水系统，汽轮机热态或极热态启动时，来自反应堆出口的主蒸汽(13.9MPa、576℃)经过调节阀减压至0.025-0.031MPa，经过一级喷水减温器减温至300-450℃后分为两路：一路直接供高压缸汽封，另一路经过二级喷水减温器减温至121-177℃后供低压缸汽封。汽轮机正常运行期间，通过溢流阀控制汽封供汽母管压力不高于0.031MPa，当汽轮机负荷达到额定负荷的25％后，通过高压缸汽封漏汽来密封低压缸汽封，当负荷达到额定负荷的50％后实现自密封，辅助电锅炉蒸汽系统或主蒸汽系统退出。The pebble-bed modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plant is currently an internationally recognized fourth-generation advanced reactor. The flow of the 211MW high-temperature gas-cooled reactor steam turbine seal steam supply system is shown in Figure 1 below. According to the different starting conditions of the steam turbine in cold state, steady state and hot state, the steam seal steam source is provided by the auxiliary electric boiler steam system and the main steam system respectively. When the steam turbine is started in cold or steady state, the superheated steam (1.6MPa, 350℃) from the auxiliary electric boiler is decompressed to 0.025-0.031MPa by the regulating valve and then divided into two channels: one channel is directly supplied to the high-pressure cylinder seal to prevent the steam from flowing out. The cylinder leaks, and the other path is cooled to 121-177°C by the water spray desuperheater and then supplied to the low-pressure cylinder steam seal to prevent external air from leaking into the cylinder. The cooling water source of the water spray desuperheater comes from the condensate water system, and the steam turbine is in a hot state Or when starting in an extremely hot state, the main steam (13.9MPa, 576℃) from the reactor outlet is decompressed to 0.025-0.031MPa through the regulating valve, and is decompressed to 300-450℃ by the first-stage water spray desuperheater and then divided into two Road: One road directly supplies the high-pressure cylinder steam seal, and the other road supplies the low-pressure cylinder steam seal after being cooled to 121-177°C by a secondary water spray desuperheater. During normal operation of the steam turbine, the pressure of the steam seal steam supply main pipe is controlled by the overflow valve to not be higher than 0.031MPa. When the steam turbine load reaches 25% of the rated load, the low-pressure cylinder seal is sealed by leaking steam from the high-pressure cylinder seal. When the load After reaching 50% of the rated load, self-sealing is achieved, and the auxiliary electric boiler steam system or main steam system exits.
该设计方案在汽轮机冷态、稳态和热态不同启动工况时使用了两种汽封汽源，从而实现汽封供汽参数初步调整来满足机组需求。但该设计方案至少存在以下弊端：(1)按照汽轮机启动调试导则(DLT863-2004)规定：汽轮机启动过程中高压缸汽封供汽温度应与高压缸金属温度相匹配(一般温差≤85℃)，机组冷态和稳态启动时，辅助电锅炉出口蒸汽温度恒定，难以动态匹配启动过程中高压缸金属温度的变化，极易造成汽封供汽温度偏高或偏低的现象，严重影响机组安全；(2)机组热态和极热态启动时，主蒸汽供汽封压力由13.24MPa降至0.025-0.031MPa，此过程中会造成大量的压降损失，经济性较差。同时减压阀前后较高的压力差，本身就存在阀门易损坏的风险；(3)辅助电锅炉在长期运行情况下，供汽封蒸汽品质会存在一定程度下降，对汽轮机长期可靠运行会造成一定的影响。This design scheme uses two sources of steam seal steam in different starting conditions of the steam turbine in cold state, steady state and hot state, thereby achieving preliminary adjustment of the steam seal steam supply parameters to meet the needs of the unit. However, this design scheme has at least the following disadvantages: (1) According to the steam turbine startup and commissioning guidelines (DLT863-2004): During the steam turbine startup process, the steam supply temperature of the high-pressure cylinder seal should match the high-pressure cylinder metal temperature (generally the temperature difference is ≤85°C ), when the unit is started in cold state and steady state, the outlet steam temperature of the auxiliary electric boiler is constant, making it difficult to dynamically match the changes in the metal temperature of the high-pressure cylinder during the startup process, which can easily cause the seal steam supply temperature to be too high or too low, seriously affecting Unit safety; (2) When the unit is started in a hot or extremely hot state, the main steam supply seal pressure drops from 13.24MPa to 0.025-0.031MPa. This process will cause a large amount of pressure drop loss and poor economy. At the same time, the high pressure difference before and after the pressure reducing valve itself has the risk of easy damage to the valve; (3) Under long-term operation of the auxiliary electric boiler, the quality of the steam supply seal steam will decline to a certain extent, which will cause long-term reliable operation of the steam turbine. certain influence.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供了一种高温气冷堆汽轮机汽封供汽系统及方法，该系统及方法能够使汽轮机的高压缸汽封供汽温度与高压缸金属温度相匹配，避免两种汽源切换过程对机组造成的扰动，避免辅助电锅炉长期运行造成的供汽封蒸汽品质下降到的问题，并且经济性较好。The object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art and provide a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor steam turbine seal steam supply system and method. The system and method can adjust the high-pressure cylinder seal steam supply temperature of the steam turbine to the high-pressure cylinder metal temperature. Matching, avoids the disturbance to the unit caused by the switching process of the two steam sources, avoids the problem of reduced quality of the steam supply seal steam caused by the long-term operation of the auxiliary electric boiler, and is more economical.
为达到上述目的，本发明所述的高温气冷堆汽轮机汽封供汽系统包括主蒸汽系统、主蒸汽减压阀、背压式汽轮机、高压缸汽封、喷水减温器、除氧器、凝结水系统、低压缸汽封及凝汽器；In order to achieve the above objectives, the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor steam seal steam supply system of the present invention includes a main steam system, a main steam pressure reducing valve, a back-pressure steam turbine, a high-pressure cylinder steam seal, a water spray desuperheater, and a deaerator. , condensate water system, low-pressure cylinder seal and condenser;
主蒸汽系统的出口分为两路，其中一路与背压式汽轮机的入口相连通，另一路与主蒸汽减压阀的入口相连通，主蒸汽减压阀的出口与背压式汽轮机的出口通过管道并管后分为两路，其中，一路与高压缸汽封的入口及喷水减温器的入口相连通，另一路与除氧器相连通，凝结水系统的出口与喷水减温器的入口相连通，喷水减温器的出口与低压缸汽封的入口及凝汽器的入口相连通。The outlet of the main steam system is divided into two channels, one of which is connected to the inlet of the back-pressure steam turbine, and the other is connected to the inlet of the main steam pressure reducing valve. The outlet of the main steam pressure reducing valve and the outlet of the back-pressure steam turbine pass through The pipelines are divided into two lines after merging. One line is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure cylinder steam seal and the water spray desuperheater. The other line is connected to the deaerator. The outlet of the condensate system is connected to the water spray desuperheater. The inlet is connected, and the outlet of the water spray desuperheater is connected with the inlet of the low-pressure cylinder steam seal and the inlet of the condenser.
背压式汽轮机的出口与主蒸汽减压阀的出口通过管道并管后分为两路，其中，一路经汽封供汽母管减压阀与高压缸汽封的入口及喷水减温器的入口相连通，另一路经主蒸汽供除氧器调节阀与除氧器相连通。The outlet of the back-pressure turbine and the outlet of the main steam pressure reducing valve are divided into two paths through pipelines. One of them passes through the steam seal steam supply main pipe pressure reducing valve and the inlet of the high-pressure cylinder steam seal and the water spray desuperheater. The inlet is connected, and the other is connected to the deaerator through the main steam supply deaerator regulating valve.
除氧器的出口经汽动给水泵与除氧器的入口相连通，背压式汽轮机与汽动给水泵同轴布置。The outlet of the deaerator is connected to the inlet of the deaerator via a steam-driven feed water pump, and the back-pressure steam turbine and the steam-driven feed water pump are coaxially arranged.
凝结水系统的出口经调节阀与喷水减温器的入口相连通。The outlet of the condensate system is connected to the inlet of the spray desuperheater via a regulating valve.
喷水减温器与凝汽器之间通过汽封溢流调节阀相连通。The water spray desuperheater and condenser are connected through a steam seal relief regulating valve.
本发明所述的高温气冷堆汽轮机汽封供汽方法包括以下步骤：The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor steam turbine seal steam supply method according to the present invention includes the following steps:
汽轮机启动时，主蒸汽系统输出的主蒸汽进入到背压式汽轮机及主蒸汽减压阀中，根据汽轮机高压缸金属温度值设定背压式汽轮机的排汽压力及排汽温度，使背压式汽轮机的排汽温度与汽轮机高压缸的金属温度值相匹配，同时使主蒸汽经主蒸汽减压阀后的压力与背压式汽轮机的排汽压力相一致，背压式汽轮机输出的蒸汽及主蒸汽减压阀输出的蒸汽汇流后分为两路，其中一路进入到除氧器中，另一路进入到高压缸汽封及喷水减温器中，然后再经喷水减温器减温后进入到低压缸汽封及凝汽器中，其中，喷水减温器在减温过程中通过凝结水系统输出的水作为喷水减温器的冷却水源，汽轮机冲转、并网并带负荷工作后，当汽轮机负荷达到额定负荷的50％以上时，汽轮机汽封实现自动密封，则关闭主蒸汽系统。When the steam turbine starts, the main steam output from the main steam system enters the back-pressure steam turbine and the main steam pressure reducing valve. The exhaust steam pressure and exhaust temperature of the back-pressure steam turbine are set according to the metal temperature value of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder, so that the back pressure The exhaust steam temperature of the steam turbine matches the metal temperature value of the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine. At the same time, the pressure of the main steam after passing through the main steam pressure reducing valve is consistent with the exhaust pressure of the back-pressure steam turbine. The steam output by the back-pressure steam turbine is The steam output by the main steam pressure reducing valve is divided into two paths after being combined, one of which enters the deaerator, and the other enters the high-pressure cylinder steam seal and water spray desuperheater, and then is deheated by the water spray desuperheater. Then it enters the low-pressure cylinder steam seal and condenser. During the desuperheating process, the water output by the water spray desuperheater through the condensed water system is used as the cooling water source of the water spray desuperheater. The steam turbine is flushed, connected to the grid and brought After load operation, when the steam turbine load reaches more than 50% of the rated load, the steam turbine seal realizes automatic sealing and the main steam system is shut down.
本发明具有以下有益效果：The invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明所述的高温气冷堆背压式汽轮机汽封供汽系统及方法在具体操作时，主蒸汽系统的出口分为两路，其中一路与背压式汽轮机的入口相连通，另一路与主蒸汽减压阀的入口相连通，背压式汽轮机的出口及主蒸汽减压阀的出口经管道并管后分为两路，其中一路与除氧器相连通，另一路与喷水减温器及高压缸汽封相连通，通过调节背压式汽轮机，使背压式汽轮机的排汽温度与汽轮机高压缸的金属温度值相匹配，同时采用单一汽源，实现汽轮机启动过程中高压缸汽封供汽温度与高压缸金属温度相匹配，极大地提高了汽轮机运行的安全稳定性，同时避免现有技术采用两种汽源切换过程中对机组可能造成的扰动，利于机组稳定运行。同时本发明取消电锅炉蒸汽供汽封系统，避免长期运行时汽封蒸汽品质降低的问题，同时本发明中除氧器加热汽源通过主蒸汽自给，极大的缩短了汽轮机启动的时间，提高了机组的运行经济性。During specific operation of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor back-pressure steam turbine seal steam supply system and method of the present invention, the outlet of the main steam system is divided into two channels, one of which is connected to the inlet of the back-pressure steam turbine, and the other is connected to the inlet of the back-pressure steam turbine. The inlet of the main steam pressure reducing valve is connected, and the outlet of the back pressure steam turbine and the outlet of the main steam pressure reducing valve are divided into two paths through pipelines, one of which is connected to the deaerator, and the other is connected to the water spray for cooling. The steam turbine is connected to the high-pressure cylinder steam seal. By adjusting the back-pressure steam turbine, the exhaust steam temperature of the back-pressure steam turbine matches the metal temperature value of the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine. At the same time, a single steam source is used to realize the high-pressure cylinder steam during the startup process of the steam turbine. The sealed steam supply temperature matches the metal temperature of the high-pressure cylinder, which greatly improves the safety and stability of the steam turbine operation. At the same time, it avoids the possible disturbance to the unit during the switching process of the two steam sources using the existing technology, which is conducive to the stable operation of the unit. At the same time, the invention cancels the electric boiler steam supply sealing system to avoid the problem of reduced sealing steam quality during long-term operation. At the same time, the heating steam source of the deaerator in the present invention is self-supplied through the main steam, which greatly shortens the startup time of the steam turbine and improves the efficiency of the steam turbine. Improve the operating economy of the unit.
进一步，背压式汽轮机与汽动给水泵同轴布置，通过一部分主蒸汽压降损耗来驱动背压式汽轮机，通过背压式汽轮机驱动汽动给水泵，从而通过汽动给水泵来循环加热除氧器的给水，实现能量的回收利用。Furthermore, the back-pressure steam turbine and the steam-driven feed water pump are coaxially arranged. A part of the main steam pressure drop loss is used to drive the back-pressure steam turbine. The back-pressure steam turbine drives the steam-driven feed water pump, so that the steam-driven feed water pump is used to cyclically heat and remove the water. The water supply to the oxygenator realizes energy recovery and utilization.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为现有供汽系统的结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the existing steam supply system;
图2为本发明的结构示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
其中，1为主蒸汽系统、2为主蒸汽减压阀、3为背压式汽轮机、4为汽封供汽母管减压阀、5为主蒸汽供除氧器调节阀、6为汽动给水泵、7为除氧器、8为凝结水系统、9为调节阀、10为喷水减温器、11为高压缸汽封、12为低压缸汽封、13为汽封溢流调节阀、14为凝汽器。Among them, 1 is the main steam system, 2 is the main steam pressure reducing valve, 3 is the back pressure steam turbine, 4 is the steam seal steam supply main pipe pressure reducing valve, 5 is the main steam supply deaerator control valve, and 6 is the steam driven Feed water pump, 7 is deaerator, 8 is condensate system, 9 is regulating valve, 10 is spray water desuperheater, 11 is high pressure cylinder steam seal, 12 is low pressure cylinder steam seal, 13 is steam seal overflow regulating valve , 14 is the condenser.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述：The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
参考图1，本发明所述的高温气冷堆汽轮机汽封供汽系统包括主蒸汽系统1、主蒸汽减压阀2、背压式汽轮机3、高压缸汽封11、喷水减温器10、除氧器7、凝结水系统8、低压缸汽封12及凝汽器14；主蒸汽系统1的出口分为两路，其中一路与背压式汽轮机3的入口相连通，另一路与主蒸汽减压阀2的入口相连通，主蒸汽减压阀2的出口与背压式汽轮机3的出口通过管道并管后分为两路，其中，一路与高压缸汽封11的入口及喷水减温器10的入口相连通，另一路与除氧器7相连通，凝结水系统8的出口与喷水减温器10的入口相连通，喷水减温器10的出口与低压缸汽封12的入口及凝汽器14的入口相连通。Referring to Figure 1, the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor steam turbine seal steam supply system of the present invention includes a main steam system 1, a main steam pressure reducing valve 2, a back pressure steam turbine 3, a high-pressure cylinder seal 11, and a water spray desuperheater 10 , deaerator 7, condensate system 8, low-pressure cylinder seal 12 and condenser 14; the outlet of the main steam system 1 is divided into two channels, one of which is connected to the inlet of the back-pressure turbine 3, and the other is connected to the main steam turbine 3. The inlet of the steam pressure reducing valve 2 is connected, and the outlet of the main steam pressure reducing valve 2 and the outlet of the back pressure steam turbine 3 are divided into two paths through pipelines, one of which is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure cylinder seal 11 and the water spray The inlet of the desuperheater 10 is connected, the other channel is connected with the deaerator 7, the outlet of the condensate water system 8 is connected with the inlet of the water spray desuperheater 10, and the outlet of the water spray desuperheater 10 is connected with the low-pressure cylinder steam seal. The inlet of 12 and the inlet of condenser 14 are connected.
背压式汽轮机3的出口与主蒸汽减压阀2的出口通过管道并管后分为两路，其中，一路经汽封供汽母管减压阀4与高压缸汽封11的入口及喷水减温器10的入口相连通，另一路经主蒸汽供除氧器调节阀5与除氧器7相连通；除氧器7的出口经汽动给水泵6与除氧器7的入口相连通，背压式汽轮机3与汽动给水泵6同轴布置；凝结水系统8的出口经调节阀9与喷水减温器10的入口相连通；喷水减温器10与凝汽器14之间通过汽封溢流调节阀13相连通；背压式汽轮机3为背压式背压式汽轮机。The outlet of the back-pressure turbine 3 and the outlet of the main steam pressure reducing valve 2 are divided into two paths after being merged through a pipeline. One of them passes through the steam seal steam supply main pipe pressure reducing valve 4 and the inlet and spray of the high-pressure cylinder steam seal 11. The inlet of the water desuperheater 10 is connected, and the other channel is connected to the deaerator 7 through the main steam supply deaerator regulating valve 5; the outlet of the deaerator 7 is connected to the inlet of the deaerator 7 through the steam-driven water feed pump 6 The back pressure steam turbine 3 and the steam-driven feed water pump 6 are coaxially arranged; the outlet of the condensate system 8 is connected to the inlet of the water spray desuperheater 10 through the regulating valve 9; the water spray desuperheater 10 and the condenser 14 They are connected through the steam seal relief regulating valve 13; the back-pressure steam turbine 3 is a back-pressure back-pressure steam turbine.
本发明所述的高温气冷堆汽轮机汽封供汽方法包括以下步骤：The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor steam turbine seal steam supply method according to the present invention includes the following steps:
汽轮机启动时，主蒸汽系统1输出的主蒸汽进入到背压式汽轮机3及主蒸汽减压阀2中，根据汽轮机高压缸金属温度值设定背压式汽轮机3的排汽压力及排汽温度，使背压式汽轮机3的排汽温度与汽轮机高压缸的金属温度值相匹配，同时使主蒸汽经主蒸汽减压阀2后的压力与背压式汽轮机3的排汽压力相一致，背压式汽轮机3输出的蒸汽及主蒸汽减压阀2输出的蒸汽汇流后分为两路，其中一路进入到除氧器7中，另一路进入到高压缸汽封11及喷水减温器10中，然后再经喷水减温器10减温后进入到低压缸汽封12及凝汽器14中，其中，喷水减温器10在减温过程中通过凝结水系统8输出的水作为喷水减温器10的冷却水源，汽轮机冲转、并网并带负荷工作后，当汽轮机负荷达到额定负荷的50％以上时，汽轮机汽封实现自动密封，则关闭主蒸汽系统1。When the steam turbine starts, the main steam output from the main steam system 1 enters the back-pressure steam turbine 3 and the main steam pressure reducing valve 2. The exhaust steam pressure and exhaust temperature of the back-pressure steam turbine 3 are set according to the metal temperature value of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder. , so that the exhaust steam temperature of the back-pressure steam turbine 3 matches the metal temperature value of the turbine high-pressure cylinder, and at the same time, the pressure of the main steam after passing through the main steam pressure reducing valve 2 is consistent with the exhaust steam pressure of the back-pressure steam turbine 3. The steam output by the pressure steam turbine 3 and the steam output by the main steam pressure reducing valve 2 are combined and divided into two paths, one of which enters the deaerator 7 and the other enters the high-pressure cylinder seal 11 and the water spray desuperheater 10 , and then enters the low-pressure cylinder steam seal 12 and condenser 14 after being desuperheated by the water spray desuperheater 10. The water output by the water spray desuperheater 10 through the condensate water system 8 during the desuperheating process is used as As the cooling water source of the water spray desuperheater 10, after the steam turbine rushes, is connected to the grid and works with load, when the steam turbine load reaches more than 50% of the rated load, the steam turbine seal realizes automatic sealing, and the main steam system 1 is shut down.
实施例一Embodiment 1
以211MW高温气冷堆为例，机组启动期间主蒸汽总流量为129600kg/h，本发明中主蒸汽系统1供汽封流量为4000kg/h，在机组不同启动工况下背压式汽轮机3进汽平均流量为3600kg/h，进汽压力为13.9MPa，进汽平均温度为450℃，排汽平均压力为4MPa，排汽平均温度为300℃，汽轮机效率为70％，以年发电7000h，机组年启动100h计算，初步估算可节约能量达15100kW·h。Taking the 211MW high-temperature gas-cooled reactor as an example, the total main steam flow rate during the startup of the unit is 129,600kg/h. In the present invention, the steam supply seal flow rate of the main steam system 1 is 4,000kg/h. Under different startup conditions of the unit, the back-pressure steam turbine 3 enters The average steam flow rate is 3600kg/h, the inlet steam pressure is 13.9MPa, the average inlet steam temperature is 450℃, the average exhaust steam pressure is 4MPa, the average exhaust steam temperature is 300℃, the turbine efficiency is 70%, and the annual power generation is 7000h, the unit Calculated starting 100 hours per year, it is initially estimated that the energy savings can reach 15,100kW·h.
采用本发明后具体工作过程为：The specific working process after adopting the present invention is:
1.汽轮机冷态启动过程：1. Steam turbine cold start process:
1)反应堆开始启动，当反应堆功率提升至满功率的20％后，蒸汽发生器出口工质为饱和蒸汽(压力：13.9MPa，温度：336.1℃)；主蒸汽系统1输出的蒸汽进入背压式汽轮机3(排汽压力：1.6MPa，排汽温度：200℃)中，同时将主蒸汽减压阀2投自动并跟踪背压式汽轮机3的排汽压力值，保证经主蒸汽减压阀2输出蒸汽的压力与背压式汽轮机3的排汽压力一致；将汽封供汽母管减压阀4投自动并将其排汽压力设定为0.025-0.031MPa，将调节阀9投自动并将其出口处凝结水的温度设定为121-177℃，由凝结水系统8作为喷水减温器10的冷却水源，汽封供汽母管减压阀4输出的蒸汽进入到高压缸汽封11及喷水减温器10，喷水减温器10输出的蒸汽供给低压缸汽封12；汽封溢流调节阀13自动跟踪汽封供汽母管的压力，当汽封供汽母管压力大于0.031MPa后，汽封溢流调节阀13开启并使得供汽母管压力维持在0.031MPa，溢流出来的蒸汽排入凝汽器14中；1) The reactor starts to start. When the reactor power is increased to 20% of full power, the working fluid at the outlet of the steam generator is saturated steam (pressure: 13.9MPa, temperature: 336.1℃); the steam output by the main steam system 1 enters the back pressure type In steam turbine 3 (exhaust pressure: 1.6MPa, exhaust temperature: 200°C), the main steam pressure reducing valve 2 is turned on automatically and tracks the exhaust pressure value of back pressure steam turbine 3 to ensure that the main steam pressure reducing valve 2 The output steam pressure is consistent with the exhaust pressure of back-pressure turbine 3; turn the steam seal steam supply main pipe pressure reducing valve 4 to automatic and set its exhaust pressure to 0.025-0.031MPa, and turn the regulating valve 9 to automatic and The temperature of the condensate water at its outlet is set to 121-177°C. The condensate water system 8 is used as the cooling water source of the spray water desuperheater 10. The steam output by the steam seal steam supply main pipe pressure reducing valve 4 enters the high-pressure cylinder steam. Seal 11 and water spray desuperheater 10. The steam output by the water spray desuperheater 10 is supplied to the low-pressure cylinder steam seal 12; the steam seal overflow regulating valve 13 automatically tracks the pressure of the steam seal steam supply main pipe. When the steam seal supply main pipe After the pipe pressure is greater than 0.031MPa, the steam seal overflow regulating valve 13 opens and maintains the steam supply main pipe pressure at 0.031MPa, and the overflowed steam is discharged into the condenser 14;
2)主蒸汽供除氧器调节阀5投自动并跟踪主蒸汽减压阀2后汽封供汽流量，当汽封供汽流量满足机组需求后，经过主蒸汽供除氧器调节阀5将剩余主蒸汽排入除氧器7中，同时由汽动给水泵6对除氧器7进行循环加热，以提高除氧器7的热力除氧效率；2) The main steam supply deaerator regulating valve 5 is turned on automatically and tracks the steam seal steam supply flow after the main steam pressure reducing valve 2. When the steam seal steam supply flow meets the unit demand, the main steam supply deaerator regulating valve 5 will The remaining main steam is discharged into the deaerator 7, and at the same time, the steam-driven water supply pump 6 cyclically heats the deaerator 7 to improve the thermal deaeration efficiency of the deaerator 7;
3)随着反应堆功率提升，汽轮机高压缸金属温度逐渐升高，背压式汽轮机3排汽温度自动跟踪汽轮机高压缸金属温度的变化，保证背压式汽轮机3排汽温度与汽轮机高压缸金属温度之间的差值小于等于85℃；当反应堆功率升至满功率的36％后,蒸汽发生器出口工质为过热蒸汽(压力：13.9MPa，温度：400℃)，背压式汽轮机3的排汽压力为2MPa，排汽温度为270℃。此时反应堆出口的蒸汽参数满足汽轮机冲转需求，汽轮机开始冲转、并网并带负荷；3) As the reactor power increases, the metal temperature of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder gradually increases. The back-pressure steam turbine 3 exhaust steam temperature automatically tracks the changes in the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder metal temperature to ensure that the back-pressure steam turbine 3 exhaust steam temperature is consistent with the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder metal temperature. The difference between them is less than or equal to 85°C; when the reactor power rises to 36% of full power, the working fluid at the outlet of the steam generator is superheated steam (pressure: 13.9MPa, temperature: 400°C), and the exhaust gas of back-pressure turbine 3 The steam pressure is 2MPa and the exhaust steam temperature is 270°C. At this time, the steam parameters at the reactor outlet meet the turbine rotation requirements, and the steam turbine begins to rotate, connect to the grid, and take load;
4)反应堆功率继续提升，当反应堆功率升至满功率的50％后,蒸汽发生器出口工质为过热蒸汽(压力：13.9MPa，温度：571℃)，此时汽轮机的负荷达到额定负荷的25％；背压式汽轮机3的排汽压力为5MPa，排汽温度为400℃，此时通过高压缸汽封11漏汽来密封低压缸汽封12，并将汽封供汽母管减压阀4逐渐关小，当汽轮机的负荷达到额定负荷的50％后，汽轮机的汽封系统实现自密封，当汽封供汽母管减压阀4全关闭后，主蒸汽减压阀2缓慢关闭，背压式汽轮机3和汽动给水泵6随即停止运行。4) The reactor power continues to increase. When the reactor power rises to 50% of full power, the working fluid at the outlet of the steam generator is superheated steam (pressure: 13.9MPa, temperature: 571°C). At this time, the load of the steam turbine reaches 25% of the rated load. %; The exhaust pressure of the back-pressure turbine 3 is 5MPa, and the exhaust temperature is 400°C. At this time, the low-pressure cylinder seal 12 is sealed by steam leakage from the high-pressure cylinder seal 11, and the steam seal is supplied to the steam main pipe pressure reducing valve. 4 gradually turns down. When the load of the steam turbine reaches 50% of the rated load, the steam seal system of the steam turbine realizes self-sealing. When the steam seal steam supply main pipe pressure reducing valve 4 is fully closed, the main steam pressure reducing valve 2 slowly closes. The back-pressure steam turbine 3 and the steam-driven feed water pump 6 immediately stop running.
2.汽轮机温态启动过程：2. Steam turbine warm-state starting process:
汽轮机的温态启动与汽轮机的冷态启动的操作步骤基本相同，其区别之处在于：根据汽轮机启动时高压缸金属温度值，当反应堆的功率提升至满功率的20％后，主蒸汽系统1输出的蒸汽进入汽轮机3中，此时背压式汽轮机3的排汽压力为3MPa，排汽温度为290℃，随后背压式汽轮机3的排汽温度自动跟踪汽轮机高压缸金属温度的变化。The operation steps of the warm start of the steam turbine and the cold start of the steam turbine are basically the same. The difference is that according to the metal temperature value of the high-pressure cylinder when the steam turbine is started, when the power of the reactor is increased to 20% of the full power, the main steam system 1 The output steam enters the steam turbine 3. At this time, the exhaust steam pressure of the back-pressure steam turbine 3 is 3MPa and the exhaust steam temperature is 290°C. Then the exhaust steam temperature of the back-pressure steam turbine 3 automatically tracks the change of the metal temperature of the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine.
3.汽轮机热态的具体操作为：3. The specific operations of the steam turbine in the hot state are:
背压式汽轮机3的热态或极热态启动与冷态启动操作步骤基本相同，其区别之处在于：根据汽轮机启动时高压缸金属温度值，当反应堆功率提升至满功率的36％后，主蒸汽系统1开始投入并为汽轮机汽封供汽，此时背压式汽轮机3的排汽压力为4MPa，排汽温度为340℃，随后背压式汽轮机3的排汽温度自动跟踪汽轮机3高压缸金属温度的变化。The hot or extremely hot start-up operation steps of the back-pressure steam turbine 3 are basically the same as the cold start-up operations. The difference is that according to the high-pressure cylinder metal temperature value when the steam turbine is started, when the reactor power is increased to 36% of full power, The main steam system 1 is put into operation and supplies steam to the steam turbine seal. At this time, the exhaust steam pressure of the back-pressure steam turbine 3 is 4MPa and the exhaust steam temperature is 340°C. Then the exhaust steam temperature of the back-pressure steam turbine 3 automatically tracks the high pressure of steam turbine 3. Changes in cylinder metal temperature.
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