CN107653006B - A pulverized coal gasification device and process for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue - Google Patents
A pulverized coal gasification device and process for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
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- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
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- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
- C10J3/506—Fuel charging devices for entrained flow gasifiers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
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- C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
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- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
- C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
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- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
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- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
- C10J2300/0936—Coal fines for producing producer gas
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- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
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- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
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- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
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- C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
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- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
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- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于煤化工技术领域，尤其涉及一种生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置及工艺。The invention belongs to the technical field of coal chemical industry, and in particular relates to a pulverized coal gasification device and process for producing high calorific value coal gas with low residual carbon content.
背景技术Background technique
煤气化技术是煤炭清洁、高效利用的途径之一，该技术主要用于生产城市煤气、化工合成原料气、联合循环发电用燃气等。近年来随着建材、陶瓷、玻璃等行业工业窑炉烟气排放环保标准的提高，原燃煤窑炉改为燃气，工业用燃气的需求增大，而我国天然气资源短缺，通过煤气化生产工业燃气成为必然选择。目前，国内生成工业燃气的煤气发生炉在应用方面存在以下两大问题：Coal gasification technology is one of the ways of clean and efficient utilization of coal. This technology is mainly used to produce city gas, raw material gas for chemical synthesis, and gas for combined cycle power generation. In recent years, with the improvement of environmental protection standards for flue gas emissions from industrial kilns in building materials, ceramics, glass and other industries, the original coal-fired kilns have been changed to gas, and the demand for industrial gas has increased. Gas is an inevitable choice. At present, there are two major problems in the application of domestic gas generators for generating industrial gas:
一是生产的煤气热值不高，现有低压或常压煤气化技术生产的燃气主要有效成分为CO和H2，烃类含量很少，N2含量高，导致燃气热值偏低。在煤气主要有效成分CO、H2和CH4中，CH4的体积热值最高，因此要想提高煤气的热值，须提高煤气中CH4含量，降低无效成分N2和CO2含量。One is that the calorific value of the produced gas is not high. The main effective components of the gas produced by the existing low-pressure or atmospheric pressure coal gasification technology are CO and H 2 , the content of hydrocarbons is very small, and the content of N 2 is high, resulting in a low calorific value of the gas. Among the main effective components of gas CO, H 2 and CH 4 , CH 4 has the highest volumetric calorific value, so in order to increase the calorific value of gas, the content of CH4 in the gas must be increased, and the content of ineffective components N 2 and CO 2 should be reduced.
二是粗煤气中飞灰残炭量高且利用困难，现有低压或常压煤气化技术受技术、工艺限制，煤气净化收集的煤灰残炭含量很高。以循环流化床常压气化技术为例，原料颗粒在气化炉内发生破碎产生大量细颗粒，细颗粒在炉内一次通过难以通过旋风分离器收集循环使用，停留时间短，产生飞灰量占入炉煤量的20~25%，飞灰中残炭含量高达45%~50%，而飞灰残炭难以送回流化床气化炉内继续气化，导致气化效率偏低，原料利用率偏低。利用其他低压或常压气化工艺，该问题也会存在粗煤气中飞灰残炭量高且利用困难的问题。Second, the amount of residual carbon in fly ash in crude gas is high and it is difficult to use. The existing low-pressure or atmospheric pressure coal gasification technology is limited by technology and process, and the content of residual carbon in coal ash collected by gas purification is very high. Taking the circulating fluidized bed atmospheric pressure gasification technology as an example, the raw material particles are broken in the gasification furnace to produce a large number of fine particles, which are difficult to collect and recycle through the cyclone separator in one pass in the furnace, and the residence time is short, resulting in fly ash The residual carbon content in the fly ash is as high as 45% to 50%, and the residual carbon in the fly ash is difficult to send back to the fluidized bed gasifier for further gasification, resulting in low gasification efficiency , The utilization rate of raw materials is low. Using other low-pressure or normal-pressure gasification processes, this problem also has the problem of high fly ash residual carbon in the raw gas and difficult utilization.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决现有技术的不足，本发明的第一目的是提供一种生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，其根据需求生产高热值煤气或化工用合成气，同时可充分利用气化残炭，将未反应的气化半焦（残炭）及煤气净化收集的含残炭煤灰再送回煤气发生炉气化，能够大大提高煤炭利用率。In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the first object of the present invention is to provide a pulverized coal gasification device that produces high calorific value coal gas and low carbon residue, which can produce high calorific value coal gas or chemical synthesis gas according to demand, and can fully Using gasification residual carbon, unreacted gasification semi-coke (residual carbon) and coal ash containing residual carbon collected by gas purification are sent back to the gasifier for gasification, which can greatly improve the utilization rate of coal.
本发明的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，包括U型煤气发生炉和煤气分离装置，所述U型煤气发生炉由呈U型布置的高温段和低温段这两段结构组成；所述高温段和低温段共用一个灰斗；所述高温段为下行气流床，低温段为上行气流床；所述煤气分离装置的入口与低温段的出口相连通，煤气分离装置的固体出口与高温段的入口相连通，煤气分离装置的气体出口与煤气余热利用及净化系统相连。The pulverized coal gasification device for producing high calorific value gas and low residual carbon content of the present invention includes a U-shaped coal gasifier and a coal gas separation device. The U-shaped coal gasifier consists of a U-shaped high-temperature section and a low-temperature section. section structure; the high-temperature section and the low-temperature section share one ash hopper; the high-temperature section is a downflow entrained bed, and the low-temperature section is an upflow entrained bed; the inlet of the gas separation device is connected to the outlet of the low-temperature section, and the gas separation device The solid outlet of the gas separation device is connected with the inlet of the high temperature section, and the gas outlet of the gas separation device is connected with the gas waste heat utilization and purification system.
本发明的低温段可采用以下两种布置方式：The low temperature section of the present invention can adopt the following two arrangements:
第一种低温段的布置方式：The layout of the first low-temperature section:
低温段包括低温段炉体，所述低温段炉体与高温段相连接处为低温段喉口部，所述低温段喉口部的下端布置有氧气\空气喷嘴，上端布置有低温段煤粉喷嘴。The low-temperature section includes a low-temperature section furnace body. The connection between the low-temperature section furnace body and the high-temperature section is the throat of the low-temperature section. The lower end of the throat of the low-temperature section is arranged with oxygen/air nozzles, and the upper end is arranged with pulverized coal in the low-temperature section. nozzle.
第二种低温段的布置方式：The layout of the second low temperature section:
低温段包括低温段炉体，所述低温段炉体与高温段相连接处为低温段喉口部，所述低温段喉口部的下端布置有氧气\空气喷嘴，低温段喉口部处布置有低温段煤粉喷嘴。The low-temperature section includes a low-temperature section furnace body, the connection between the low-temperature section furnace body and the high-temperature section is the throat of the low-temperature section, and the lower end of the throat of the low-temperature section is arranged with oxygen/air nozzles, and the throat of the low-temperature section is arranged There are pulverized coal nozzles in the low temperature section.
进一步的，所述低温段炉体上还设置有微波重整装置。Further, the furnace body in the low temperature section is also provided with a microwave reforming device.
其中，微波重整装置为辅助设备，可根据需求选择使用。Among them, the microwave reforming device is an auxiliary device, which can be selected and used according to requirements.
进一步的，所述低温段煤粉喷嘴为单通道结构。Further, the pulverized coal nozzle in the low-temperature section has a single-channel structure.
进一步的，所述低温段煤粉喷嘴的给料方式采用气力输送，输送介质为氮气或热烟气；且低温段煤粉喷嘴的数量两只，呈对冲布置。Further, the feeding method of the pulverized coal nozzles in the low temperature section adopts pneumatic conveying, and the conveying medium is nitrogen or hot flue gas; and there are two pulverized coal nozzles in the low temperature section, which are arranged in a hedge arrangement.
进一步的，低温段煤粉喷嘴的给料方式为溜槽形式。Further, the feeding mode of the pulverized coal nozzle in the low temperature section is in the form of a chute.
进一步的，所述高温段包括高温段炉体，高温段炉体外侧设置有水冷壁，高温段炉体上设置有高温段煤粉喷嘴。Further, the high-temperature section includes a high-temperature section furnace body, a water-cooled wall is arranged on the outside of the high-temperature section furnace body, and a high-temperature section pulverized coal nozzle is arranged on the high-temperature section furnace body.
进一步的，所述高温段煤粉喷嘴为三通道结构，其中，三通道结构分别为中心给料、外层通纯氧以及最外层通水蒸气。Further, the pulverized coal nozzle in the high-temperature section has a three-channel structure, wherein the three-channel structure is feed material at the center, pure oxygen through the outer layer, and water vapor through the outermost layer.
本发明的第二目的是提供一种基于生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的煤粉气化工艺。The second object of the present invention is to provide a pulverized coal gasification process based on a pulverized coal gasification device producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue.
本发明的一种基于生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的煤粉气化工艺，包括：A pulverized coal gasification process of the present invention based on a pulverized coal gasification device producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue, comprising:
步骤1：原料经高温段纯氧气化，产生高温煤气，温度在1300℃~1600℃之间；其中，原料包含低温段未完全气化的半焦、煤灰和原煤煤粉；Step 1: The raw material is oxidized with pure oxygen in the high temperature section to produce high temperature gas with a temperature between 1300°C and 1600°C; the raw material includes semi-coke, coal ash and raw coal pulverized coal that have not been completely gasified in the low temperature section;
步骤2：步骤1中产生的高温煤气进入低温段，经空气/氧气喷嘴调质，与低温段煤粉喷嘴喷入的原煤煤粉一同上行发生热解及气化反应，得到烃类物质高含量的煤气和未完全气化的半焦，气温段气化温度为900℃~1100℃；Step 2: The high-temperature coal gas produced in step 1 enters the low-temperature section, is tempered by the air/oxygen nozzle, and goes up together with the raw coal pulverized coal injected by the pulverized coal nozzle in the low-temperature section to undergo pyrolysis and gasification reactions, resulting in a high content of hydrocarbons Coal gas and incompletely gasified semi-coke, the gasification temperature in the air temperature section is 900°C~1100°C;
步骤3：将步骤2中得到的煤气和半焦进行分离，煤气通入煤气余热利用及净化系统，半焦被收集下来送入高温段进行高温气化；煤气余热利用及净化系统收集的煤灰也送入高温段进行高温气化。Step 3: Separate the coal gas and semi-coke obtained in step 2. The coal gas is passed into the gas waste heat utilization and purification system, and the semi-coke is collected and sent to the high-temperature section for high-temperature gasification; the coal ash collected by the coal gas waste heat utilization and purification system It is also sent to the high temperature section for high temperature gasification.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
（1）本发明的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，通过高温段与低温段两段气化，可获得烃类物质含量相对较高的高热值煤气，原料在高温段发生气化反应获得高温煤气，进入低温段后，新加入煤粉依靠高温煤气热量发生热解反应，同时发生同相、异相气化反应，最终获得烃类物质含量较高的高热值煤气和未反应的半焦；其中，未反应的半焦直接送入高温段进行高温气化。(1) The pulverized coal gasification device of the present invention that produces high-calorific-value coal gas with low residual carbon content can obtain high-calorific-value coal gas with relatively high hydrocarbon content through two-stage gasification of the high-temperature section and the low-temperature section. High-temperature gas is obtained by gasification reaction in the low-temperature section. After entering the low-temperature section, the newly added pulverized coal undergoes pyrolysis reaction by relying on the heat of high-temperature gas, and the same-phase and heterogeneous gasification reactions occur at the same time, and finally high-calorific-value gas and gas with high hydrocarbon content are obtained. Unreacted semi-coke; Among them, the unreacted semi-coke is directly sent to the high-temperature section for high-temperature gasification.
（2）本发明可充分利用煤气化后残炭，提高碳转化率，煤气分离装置分离的粗煤气经余热利用、除尘净化收集的煤灰直接送入高温段进行高温气化，实现了残炭的利用，进而提高碳转化率。(2) The present invention can make full use of the residual carbon after coal gasification and improve the carbon conversion rate. The crude gas separated by the gas separation device is directly sent to the high-temperature section for high-temperature gasification through waste heat utilization, dust removal and purification, and the residual carbon is realized. utilization, thereby increasing the carbon conversion rate.
（3）本发明在低温段布置了微波重整装置，在微波作用下，可降低焦油含量，并根据用户对煤气成分要求调整煤气组分为合成气。(3) The present invention arranges a microwave reforming device in the low-temperature section, under the action of microwaves, the tar content can be reduced, and the gas component can be adjusted into synthesis gas according to the user's requirements for the gas composition.
附图说明Description of drawings
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide further understanding of the present application, and the schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present application.
图1为本发明的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的实施例一结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a pulverized coal gasification device producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue of the present invention;
图2为本发明的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的实施例一中AA侧面图；Fig. 2 is the side view of AA in Embodiment 1 of the pulverized coal gasification device producing high calorific value coal gas and low carbon residue of the present invention;
图3为本发明的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的实施例二结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the pulverized coal gasification device producing high calorific value coal gas and low carbon residue of the present invention;
图4为本发明的一种基于生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的煤粉气化工艺流程图。Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a pulverized coal gasification process based on a pulverized coal gasification device producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue according to the present invention.
其中，1、煤粉；2、煤灰；3、氧气；4、水蒸气；5、气化喷嘴；6、给水；7、高温段；8、水冷壁；9、水蒸气；10、灰斗；11、灰渣；12、空气/氧气喷嘴；13、低温段煤粉喷嘴；14、低温段；15、微波重整装置；16、煤气分离装置；17、半焦；18、煤气。Among them, 1. Coal powder; 2. Coal ash; 3. Oxygen; 4. Water vapor; 5. Gasification nozzle; 6. Water supply; 7. High temperature section; 8. Water wall; 9. Water vapor; 10. Ash hopper ; 11, ash; 12, air/oxygen nozzle; 13, pulverized coal nozzle in the low temperature section; 14, low temperature section; 15, microwave reforming device; 16, gas separation device; 17, semi-coke;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。It should be pointed out that the following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further explanation to the present application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。It should be noted that the terminology used here is only for describing specific implementations, and is not intended to limit the exemplary implementations according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural, and it should also be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they mean There are features, steps, operations, means, components and/or combinations thereof.
实施例一Embodiment one
图1为本发明的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的实施例一结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of a pulverized coal gasification device producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue according to the present invention.
如图1所示，本实施例的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，包括U型煤气发生炉和煤气分离装置16，所述U型煤气发生炉由呈U型布置的高温段14和低温段7这两段结构组成；所述高温段7和低温段14共用一个灰斗10；所述高温段7为下行气流床，低温段14为上行气流床；所述煤气分离装置16的入口与低温段14的出口相连通，煤气分离装置16的固体出口与高温段7的入口相连通，煤气分离装置16的气体出口与煤气余热利用及净化系统相连。As shown in Figure 1, the pulverized coal gasification device for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue in this embodiment includes a U-shaped coal gasifier and a coal
在该实施例中，煤气余热利用及净化系统也可现有结构来实现。In this embodiment, the gas waste heat utilization and purification system can also be realized with the existing structure.
具体地，首先，煤粉1、煤灰2、氧气3和水蒸气4，以及经煤气分离装置16得到的半焦17均通过气化喷嘴5进入高温段7，同时在高温段7处理的过程中，还进行相应给水6。经高温段7处理后，得到水蒸气9以及灰渣11，灰渣11由灰斗10向外输出。最后煤气分离装置16的气体出口向外输出煤气18。Specifically, firstly, coal powder 1, coal ash 2, oxygen 3 and water vapor 4, and semi-coke 17 obtained through the
在该实施例中，低温段14包括低温段炉体，所述低温段炉体与高温段7相连接处为低温段喉口部，所述低温段喉口部的下端布置有氧气\空气喷嘴12，上端布置有低温段煤粉喷嘴13。In this embodiment, the low-
在该实施例中，所述低温段炉体上还设置有微波重整装置15，其用途在于实现烃类物质的重组。In this embodiment, the furnace body in the low temperature section is also provided with a
其中，微波重整装置为辅助设备，可根据需求选择使用，其具体结构可采用现有结构来实现。Among them, the microwave reforming device is auxiliary equipment, which can be selected and used according to requirements, and its specific structure can be realized by using the existing structure.
在具体实施中，低温段煤粉喷嘴为单通道结构。In a specific implementation, the pulverized coal nozzle in the low-temperature section has a single-channel structure.
低温段煤粉喷嘴13的给料方式可采用以下任一种方式：The feeding method of the pulverized
方式一：低温段煤粉喷嘴13的给料方式采用气力输送，输送介质为氮气或热烟气；且低温段煤粉喷嘴13的数量两只，呈对冲布置，如图2所示。Method 1: The feeding mode of the pulverized
方式二：低温段煤粉喷嘴13的给料方式为溜槽形式。Mode 2: The feeding mode of the pulverized
在具体实施中，所述高温段7包括高温段炉体，高温段炉体外侧设置有水冷壁8，高温段炉体上设置有高温段煤粉喷嘴。In a specific implementation, the high-
在具体实施中，所述高温段煤粉喷嘴为三通道结构，其中，三通道结构分别为中心给料、外层通纯氧以及最外层通水蒸气。In a specific implementation, the pulverized coal nozzle in the high-temperature section has a three-channel structure, wherein the three-channel structure is feed material at the center, pure oxygen through the outer layer, and water vapor through the outermost layer.
本实施例的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，通过高温段与低温段两段气化，可获得烃类物质含量相对较高的高热值煤气，原料在高温段发生气化反应获得高温煤气，进入低温段后，新加入煤粉依靠高温煤气热量发生热解反应，同时发生同相、异相气化反应，最终获得烃类物质含量较高的高热值煤气和未反应的半焦；其中，未反应的半焦直接送入高温段进行高温气化。The pulverized coal gasification device of this embodiment that produces high calorific value coal gas and low carbon residue can obtain high calorific value coal gas with relatively high hydrocarbon content through two-stage gasification of the high temperature section and the low temperature section, and the raw material is generated in the high temperature section The gasification reaction obtains high-temperature gas. After entering the low-temperature section, the newly added pulverized coal undergoes pyrolysis reaction by relying on the heat of high-temperature gas, and the same-phase and heterogeneous gasification reactions occur at the same time. Finally, high-calorific-value gas with high hydrocarbon content and unreacted gas are obtained. The semi-coke; among them, the unreacted semi-coke is directly sent to the high-temperature section for high-temperature gasification.
本实施例可充分利用煤气化后残炭，提高碳转化率，煤气分离装置分离的粗煤气经余热利用、除尘净化收集的煤灰直接送入高温段进行高温气化，实现了残炭的利用，进而提高碳转化率。This embodiment can make full use of the residual carbon after coal gasification and improve the carbon conversion rate. The crude gas separated by the gas separation device is directly sent to the high-temperature section for high-temperature gasification through waste heat utilization, dust removal and purification, and the utilization of residual carbon is realized. , thereby increasing the carbon conversion rate.
本实施例在低温段布置了微波重整装置，在微波作用下，可降低焦油含量，并根据用户对煤气成分要求调整煤气组分为合成气。In this embodiment, a microwave reforming device is arranged in the low-temperature section. Under the action of microwaves, the tar content can be reduced, and the gas component can be adjusted to synthesis gas according to the user's requirements for the gas composition.
实施例二Embodiment two
图3为本发明的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的实施例二结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of a pulverized coal gasification device for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue according to the present invention.
如图3所示，本实施例的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，包括U型煤气发生炉和煤气分离装置16，所述U型煤气发生炉由呈U型布置的高温段7和低温段14这两段结构组成；所述高温段7和低温段14共用一个灰斗10；所述高温段7为下行气流床，低温段14为上行气流床；所述煤气分离装置16的入口与低温段7的出口相连通，煤气分离装置16的固体出口与高温段7的入口相连通，煤气分离装置16的气体出口与煤气余热利用及净化系统相连。As shown in Figure 3, the pulverized coal gasification device for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue in this embodiment includes a U-shaped coal gasifier and a coal
在该实施例中，煤气余热利用及净化系统也可现有结构来实现。In this embodiment, the gas waste heat utilization and purification system can also be realized with the existing structure.
具体地，首先，煤粉1、煤灰2、氧气3和水蒸气4，以及经煤气分离装置16得到的半焦17均通过气化喷嘴5进入高温段7，同时在高温段7处理的过程中，还进行相应给水6。经高温段7处理后，得到水蒸气9以及灰渣11，灰渣11由灰斗10向外输出。最后煤气分离装置16的气体出口向外输出煤气18。Specifically, firstly, coal powder 1, coal ash 2, oxygen 3 and water vapor 4, and semi-coke 17 obtained through the
在该实施例中，高温段7包括高温段炉体，所述高温段炉体与低温段14相连接处为低温段喉口部，所述低温段喉口部的下端布置有氧气\空气喷嘴12，低温段喉口部处布置有低温段煤粉喷嘴13。In this embodiment, the high-
在该实施例中，所述低温段炉体上还设置有微波重整装置15，其用途在于实现烃类物质的重组。In this embodiment, the furnace body in the low temperature section is also provided with a
其中，微波重整装置为辅助设备，可根据需求选择使用，其具体结构可采用现有结构来实现。Among them, the microwave reforming device is auxiliary equipment, which can be selected and used according to requirements, and its specific structure can be realized by using the existing structure.
在具体实施中，低温段煤粉喷嘴为单通道结构。In a specific implementation, the pulverized coal nozzle in the low-temperature section has a single-channel structure.
低温段煤粉喷嘴13的给料方式可采用以下任一种方式：The feeding method of the pulverized
方式一：低温段煤粉喷嘴13的给料方式采用气力输送，输送介质为氮气或热烟气；且低温段煤粉喷嘴13的数量两只，呈对冲布置，如图2所示。Method 1: The feeding mode of the pulverized
方式二：低温段煤粉喷嘴13的给料方式为溜槽形式。Mode 2: The feeding mode of the pulverized
在具体实施中，所述高温段7包括高温段炉体，高温段炉体外侧设置有水冷壁8，高温段炉体上设置有高温段煤粉喷嘴。In a specific implementation, the high-
在具体实施中，所述高温段煤粉喷嘴为三通道结构，其中，三通道结构分别为中心给料、外层通纯氧以及最外层通水蒸气。In a specific implementation, the pulverized coal nozzle in the high-temperature section has a three-channel structure, wherein the three-channel structure is feed material at the center, pure oxygen through the outer layer, and water vapor through the outermost layer.
本实施例的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，通过高温段与低温段两段气化，可获得烃类物质含量相对较高的高热值煤气，原料在高温段发生气化反应获得高温煤气，进入低温段后，新加入煤粉依靠高温煤气热量发生热解反应，同时发生同相、异相气化反应，最终获得烃类物质含量较高的高热值煤气和未反应的半焦；其中，未反应的半焦直接送入高温段进行高温气化。The pulverized coal gasification device of this embodiment that produces high calorific value coal gas and low carbon residue can obtain high calorific value coal gas with relatively high hydrocarbon content through two-stage gasification of the high temperature section and the low temperature section, and the raw material is generated in the high temperature section The gasification reaction obtains high-temperature gas. After entering the low-temperature section, the newly added pulverized coal undergoes pyrolysis reaction by relying on the heat of high-temperature gas, and the same-phase and heterogeneous gasification reactions occur at the same time. Finally, high-calorific-value gas with high hydrocarbon content and unreacted gas are obtained. The semi-coke; among them, the unreacted semi-coke is directly sent to the high-temperature section for high-temperature gasification.
本实施例可充分利用煤气化后残炭，提高碳转化率，煤气分离装置分离的粗煤气经余热利用、除尘净化收集的煤灰直接送入高温段进行高温气化，实现了残炭的利用，进而提高碳转化率。This embodiment can make full use of the residual carbon after coal gasification and improve the carbon conversion rate. The crude gas separated by the gas separation device is directly sent to the high-temperature section for high-temperature gasification through waste heat utilization, dust removal and purification, and the utilization of residual carbon is realized. , thereby increasing the carbon conversion rate.
本实施例在低温段布置了微波重整装置，在微波作用下，可降低焦油含量，并根据用户对煤气成分要求调整煤气组分为合成气。In this embodiment, a microwave reforming device is arranged in the low-temperature section. Under the action of microwaves, the tar content can be reduced, and the gas component can be adjusted to synthesis gas according to the user's requirements for the gas composition.
本发明的还提供了基于生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的煤粉气化工艺。The present invention also provides a pulverized coal gasification process based on a pulverized coal gasification device producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue.
图4为本发明的一种基于生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的煤粉气化工艺流程图。Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a pulverized coal gasification process based on a pulverized coal gasification device producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue according to the present invention.
如图4所示，本发明的一种基于生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的煤粉气化工艺，包括：As shown in Figure 4, a kind of pulverized coal gasification process of the pulverized coal gasification device based on the production of high calorific value coal gas and low carbon residue of the present invention comprises:
步骤1：原料经高温段纯氧气化，产生高温煤气，温度在1300℃~1600℃之间；其中，原料包含低温段未完全气化的半焦、煤灰和原煤煤粉；Step 1: The raw material is oxidized with pure oxygen in the high temperature section to produce high temperature gas with a temperature between 1300°C and 1600°C; the raw material includes semi-coke, coal ash and raw coal pulverized coal that have not been completely gasified in the low temperature section;
步骤2：步骤1中产生的高温煤气进入低温段，经空气/氧气喷嘴调质，与低温段煤粉喷嘴喷入的原煤煤粉一同上行发生热解及气化反应，得到烃类物质高含量的煤气和未完全气化的半焦，气温段气化温度为900℃~1100℃；Step 2: The high-temperature coal gas produced in step 1 enters the low-temperature section, is tempered by the air/oxygen nozzle, and goes up together with the raw coal pulverized coal injected by the pulverized coal nozzle in the low-temperature section to undergo pyrolysis and gasification reactions, resulting in a high content of hydrocarbons Coal gas and incompletely gasified semi-coke, the gasification temperature in the air temperature section is 900°C~1100°C;
步骤3：将步骤2中得到的煤气和半焦进行分离，煤气通入煤气余热利用及净化系统，半焦被收集下来送入高温段进行高温气化；煤气余热利用及净化系统收集的煤灰也送入高温段进行高温气化。Step 3: Separate the coal gas and semi-coke obtained in step 2. The coal gas is passed into the gas waste heat utilization and purification system, and the semi-coke is collected and sent to the high-temperature section for high-temperature gasification; the coal ash collected by the coal gas waste heat utilization and purification system It is also sent to the high temperature section for high temperature gasification.
在具体实施中，低温段上部的微波重整装置可将煤气中焦油裂解并烃类重整为合成气，在微波作用下，可降低煤气焦油含量，并根据用户对煤气成分要求调整煤气组分为合成气。In specific implementation, the microwave reforming device at the upper part of the low-temperature section can crack the tar in the gas and reform the hydrocarbons into synthesis gas. Under the action of microwaves, the tar content of the gas can be reduced, and the gas composition can be adjusted according to the user's requirements for the gas composition. for synthesis gas.
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not a limitation to the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| US16/466,810 US11220642B2 (en) | 2017-08-08 | 2018-08-03 | Pulverized coal gasification device and process for producing high heating value coal gas with low carbon residue content |
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