CN107649467B - Pipeline cavitation cleaning effect detection system - Google Patents
Pipeline cavitation cleaning effect detection system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107649467B CN107649467B CN201710791306.7A CN201710791306A CN107649467B CN 107649467 B CN107649467 B CN 107649467B CN 201710791306 A CN201710791306 A CN 201710791306A CN 107649467 B CN107649467 B CN 107649467B
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cavitation
- pipeline
- methylene blue
- centrifugal pump
- cleaning effect
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
- B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
- B08B9/032—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages by the mechanical action of a moving fluid, e.g. by flushing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
- G01L9/02—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in ohmic resistance, e.g. of potentiometers, electric circuits therefor, e.g. bridges, amplifiers or signal conditioning
- G01L9/04—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in ohmic resistance, e.g. of potentiometers, electric circuits therefor, e.g. bridges, amplifiers or signal conditioning of resistance-strain gauges
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of pipeline cavitation cleaning effect detection systems, including power unit, control unit, execution unit and cavitation detection means；The cavitation detection means include high-speed camera, methylene blue spectrophotometer and ess-strain piece, and high-speed camera and methylene blue spectrophotometer are used to measure cavitation and generate position and cavitation amount, and ess-strain piece is used to measure cavitation cleaning effect.The present invention utilizes high speed photography, can effectively observe the occurrence and development of cavitation washer cavitation, can obtain regional detection cavitation effect.The present invention uses stress-strain test method, is able to detect the strain value of vacuole tube wall when generating and crumbling and fall, and is converted to cavitation effect with stress by straining, and carries out quantitative analysis to cavitation effect.The present invention uses methylene blue spectrophotometer measurement method, the amount of the variation detection hydroxyl radical free radical of front and back absorbance is oxidized by methylene blue, to characterize the intensity of cavitation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pipeline cavitation cleaning technique, especially a kind of detection system for pipeline cavitation cleaning effect.
Background technique
Cleaning Technology Based On Cavitation Water Jet is effectively utilized cavitation in cavitating water jet a fluid stream as a kind of novel physical descalling technique
Bubble ruptures generated strong impact power and separates dirty layer with inner wall of the pipe, achievees the effect that clean de-sludging.Influence cavitation effect
Correlative factor it is many and complicated, it is very difficult to the measurement of cavitation effect, how to detect cavitation effect and always grind both at home and abroad
The emphasis studied carefully.
Currently, mostly being concentrated in the research of single vacuole effect for the research of cavitation cleaning, as acoustic method, naked eyes are seen
Survey method and optical method, it is difficult to the hollow bubble group of cavitation cleaning process crumble and fall caused by cavitation effect research and analyse, it is main
There are the problem of include:
1. acoustic method cavitation detection method is still not perfect, the mechanism between cavitation noise and cavitating flows contacts complete not yet
It is complete to establish, it is difficult to meet quantitative and regional detection.
2. eye test is only capable of seeing cavitation zone, the influence generated for cavitation phenomenon cannot be detected, while not
Cavitation phenomenon can be quantified.
3. although being not suitable for complicated operation the detection of optical method cavitation can capture cavitation state of development on model experiment platform
The prototype cavitation of environment detects, quantitative to be difficult to meet and stability is poor.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention to design it is a kind of can be right in pipeline cavitation cleaning process
Cavitation effect carries out the pipeline cavitation cleaning effect detection system of quantization detection.
To achieve the goals above, technical scheme is as follows:
Pipeline cavitation cleaning effect detection system, including power unit, control unit, execution unit and cavitation detection dress
It sets；
The power unit includes motor and centrifugal pump, and the centrifugal pump and motor are assembled in by shaft coupling
Together, the water inlet end of the centrifugal pump is directly connect with water tank, the water outlet of centrifugal pump is connect with control unit；
The control unit includes throttle valve, pressure reducing valve and safety overflow valve, and the water inlet end of the pressure reducing valve is through pressing
The connection of the water outlet of power Table A and centrifugal pump, the water outlet of pressure reducing valve is successively connect through flowmeter and pressure gauge B with execution unit；
One end of the throttle valve is connected on the pipeline between pressure reducing valve and pressure gauge A, and the other end of throttle valve connects water tank；Institute
The one end for the safety overflow valve stated is connected on the pipeline between centrifugal pump and pressure gauge A, the other end connection of safety overflow valve
Water tank；The throttle valve and pressure reducing valve is used cooperatively, for controlling the flow velocity and pressure of water flow；Safety overflow valve is used to protect
The safety of whole system prevents the damage of centrifugal pump caused by hypertonia；
The execution unit includes cavitation washer and cleaning pipeline, and the cavitation washer is mounted on cleaning pipeline
In；The water inlet end of the cleaning pipeline is connect with pressure gauge B, cleans the water outlet of pipeline successively through pressure gauge C and shut-off valve
It is connect with water tank；
The cavitation detection means include high-speed camera, methylene blue spectrophotometer and ess-strain piece, high speed
Video camera and methylene blue spectrophotometer are used to measure cavitation and generate position and cavitation amount, and ess-strain piece is used to measure cavitation
Cleaning effect.
Further, the pressure of the safety overflow valve is higher than the 5%-10% of centrifugal pump rated operating pressure.
Further, the cavitation washer is fixed on the middle part of cleaning pipeline, and cavitation washer is vane type cavitation
Washer forms throttling by staggered blade construction two-by-two.
Further, the high-speed camera is mounted on the side of cavitation washer, and high-speed camera is equipped with light compensating lamp
And microlens, for capturing water turbomachinery region；The high-speed camera is connect with host computer；The high-speed camera
With writing speeds more than 200,000 frequencies.
Further, the methylene blue spectrophotometer utilizes water tank before and after spectrophotometric determination Cavitation
In methylene blue concentration, reduction amount be reacting dose；When test, the methylene blue concentration before Cavitation in water tank takes 5
×10-6~30 × 10-6Mol/L, light absorption value is below 2.5.
Further, the ess-strain piece has multi-disc, and be separately mounted to cleaning pipeline corresponds to cavitation washer
Remote entrance fragment position, incoming-side location, outlet end position and far export end position, for measuring the power pair that crumbles and fall of cavity collapse
The strain that pipeline generates, when indirect proof cavitation, crumble and fall the size of power；The ess-strain piece is connect with capture card, capture card
It is handled after collecting strain value by labview (or other) data acquisition program in host computer.
Working principle of the invention is as follows: the present invention adopts water as working media, by centrifugal pump and motor in water tank
Water be sucked out, by throttle valve and decompression valve regulation water flow pressure and flow velocity, whole system is played by safety overflow valve
Protective effect, cavitation washer are fixed in glass pipe, when water flow passes through cavitation washer, due to the structure of cavitation washer
With the flow velocity of water flow, so that generating cavitation bubble in cleaning pipeline, impact force when being crumbled and fall using cavitation bubble, which is reached, removes dirty matter
Purpose.Generated hitting power is imitated when being crumbled and fall simultaneously using cavitation effect detection device detection cavitation generating region and its cavitation bubble
Fruit, to achieve the purpose that cavitation detects.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1, one aspect of the present invention can study the cavitation effect of cavitation washer, on the other hand can be in practical application
The detection of cavitation cleaning effect provides a kind of means.
2, the present invention utilizes high speed photography, can effectively observe the occurrence and development of cavitation washer cavitation,
Verifying can be provided for other detection methods, and high speed video process is capable of the detection cavitation phenomenon of real-time stabilization, most importantly
Regional detection cavitation effect can be obtained.
3, the present invention uses stress-strain test method, is able to detect the strain value of vacuole tube wall when generating and crumbling and fall, and leads to
Overstrain is converted to cavitation effect with stress, carries out quantitative analysis to cavitation effect.
4, the present invention uses methylene blue spectrophotometer measurement method, the cavitation bubble that cavitation washer generates energy when crumbling and fall
Enough generate hydroxyl radical free radical.The amount of the variation detection hydroxyl radical free radical of front and back absorbance is oxidized by methylene blue, thus table
Levy the intensity of cavitation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is composition schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is high-speed camera schematic view of the mounting position.
Fig. 3 is methylene blue spectrophotometer schematic view of the mounting position.
Fig. 4 is ess-strain piece schematic view of the mounting position.
In figure: 1- water tank, 2- centrifugal pump, 3- pressure gauge A, 4- pressure reducing valve, 5- flowmeter, the cleaning of 6- pressure gauge B, 7- cavitation
Device, 8- clean pipeline, 9- pressure gauge C, 10- shut-off valve, 11- cavitation detection means, 12- throttle valve, 13- safety overflow valve.
Specific embodiment
To further illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figs 1-4, pipeline cavitation cleaning effect detection system, including power unit, control unit, execution unit and
Cavitation detection means 11；
The power unit includes motor and centrifugal pump 2, and the centrifugal pump 2 and motor are assembled by shaft coupling
Together, the water inlet end of the centrifugal pump 2 is directly connect with water tank 1, the water outlet of centrifugal pump 2 is connect with control unit；
The control unit includes throttle valve 12, pressure reducing valve 4 and safety overflow valve 13, the water inlet of the pressure reducing valve 4
End is connect through pressure gauge A3 with the water outlet of centrifugal pump 2, the water outlet of pressure reducing valve 4 successively through flowmeter 5 and pressure gauge B6 with hold
The connection of row unit；One end of the throttle valve 12 is connected on the pipeline between pressure reducing valve 4 and pressure gauge A3, throttle valve 12
The other end connects water tank 1；One end of the safety overflow valve 13 is connected on the pipeline between centrifugal pump 2 and pressure gauge A3,
The other end of safety overflow valve 13 connects water tank 1；The throttle valve 12 and pressure reducing valve 4 is used cooperatively, for controlling water flow
Flow velocity and pressure；Safety overflow valve 13 is used to protect the safety of whole system, prevents the damage of centrifugal pump 2 caused by hypertonia
Evil；
The execution unit includes cavitation washer 7 and cleaning pipeline 8, and the cavitation washer 7 is mounted on cleaning
In pipeline 8；The water inlet end of the cleaning pipeline 8 is connect with pressure gauge B6, cleans the water outlet of pipeline 8 successively through pressure gauge C9
It is connect with shut-off valve 10 with water tank 1；
The cavitation detection means 11 include high-speed camera, methylene blue spectrophotometer and ess-strain piece, height
Fast video camera and methylene blue spectrophotometer are used to measure cavitation and generate position and cavitation amount, and ess-strain piece is used to measure sky
Change cleaning effect.
As shown in Figure 1, water is sucked out in the centrifugal pump 2 from water tank 1, as the power resources of cleaning, centrifugal pump 2 with
It is linked together between water tank 1 by pipeline.The safety overflow valve 13 is in parallel with centrifugal pump 2, guarantees the peace of whole system
Quan Xing.Element of the pressure reducing valve 4 and throttle valve 12 as control whole system flow and pressure.Pressure reducing valve 4 and centrifugal pump 2
Series connection, the pressure for micro-tensioning system；Throttle valve 12 is in parallel with centrifugal pump 2, as main pressure flow regulating element.It is described
Cleaning pipeline 8 and pressure reducing valve 4 directly connect by pipeline, clean pipeline 8 as the object tested, the water after cavitation is flowed into
(1 reality of water tank in figure is a water tank, only clear for drawing, draws three water tanks in water tank 1.It can also in actual use
To design inlet tank and recovery tank, centre is connected to pipeline)
As shown in Figure 1, the effect of the pressure gauge A3 is the pressure for detecting centrifugal pump 2 and exporting, prevents pressure excessive, make
At danger.The effect of the pressure gauge B6 and flowmeter 5 are the pressure of detection cleaning 8 inlet of pipeline, for adjusting cavitation
Cavitation effect caused by washer 7.The effect of the pressure gauge C9 is the pressure of detection cleaning 8 water outlet of pipeline, that is, is examined
The size of back pressure, the influence that research back pressure generates cavitation effect are surveyed, the effect of the shut-off valve 10 is in simple research back
Offer effect when pressing the influence to cavitation effect.
As shown in Figure 1, the cavitation detection means 11 include three kinds of detecting instrument equipment: high-speed camera, methylene
Blue spectrophotometer and ess-strain piece.
As shown in Fig. 2, the side of the high-speed camera alignment cavitation washer 7, in the other side of cavitation washer 7
Light compensating lamp is installed additional, and high-speed camera camera lens must add with microlens, to guarantee to see cleaning process cavitation area
Domain is imported into the cavitation zone picture that high-speed camera is shot in host computer and is handled using high-speed camera special-purpose software.
As shown in figure 3, the methylene blue spectrophotometer, it is 5 × 10 that methylene blue, which is made into concentration, first-6~30
×10-6Between mol/L, methylene blue solution is then taken out from the sample tap d in water tank 1 and is put into methylene blue spectrophotometer
In, then allow whole system to run 10-20 minutes, the hydroxyl radical reaction of methylene blue and cavitation generation, again from water tank 1
Methylene blue solution is taken out in sample tap d to be put into methylene blue spectrophotometer, is compared using methylene blue spectrophotometer
Cleaning process cavitation yield is verified in light absorption value before and after Cavitation, the decline by detecting light absorption value.
As shown in figure 4, first in the remote entrance fragment position a (apart from arrival end 10cm or more) of cavitation washer 7, arrival end position
Set b, outlet end position c and remote outlet end position c (apart from outlet end 10cm or more) paste foil gauge respectively, and to foil gauge and
Conducting wire is numbered, and designs bridge, posts foil gauge, with general-purpose table look-up resistance to detect whether it can be used, so
Afterwards in 2 not running of centrifugal pump, zeroing setting is carried out to strain value, then whole system is allowed to run, position is acquired by capture card
The value at a, b, c and d is set, the data of acquisition are handled by labview (or other) program then, strain value is converted
At pressure value, in real-time detection cleaning process, the change rate of strain value, thus when detection cavitation crumbles and fall indirectly, what cavitation generated
Hitting power.
The present invention ensure that the safety of whole system by safety overflow valve 13 in cavitation effect detection process.Decompression
Valve 4 and throttle valve 12 control the flow velocity and pressure of water flow, to indirectly control the effect of 7 cavitation of cavitation washer generation.It is logical
It crosses cavitation detection means 11 and is able to detect hitting power when the generating region of cavitation, cavitation yield and cavitation crumble and fall, be cavitation
Research and meanwhile provide three kinds of different detection means, quantization detection and analysis can be carried out to cleaning effect.
The present invention is not limited to the present embodiment, any equivalent concepts within the technical scope of the present disclosure or changes
Become, is classified as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. pipeline cavitation cleaning effect detection system, it is characterised in that: including power unit, control unit, execution unit and sky
Change detection device (11)；
The power unit includes motor and centrifugal pump (2), and the centrifugal pump (2) and motor are assembled by shaft coupling
Together, the water inlet end of the centrifugal pump (2) is directly connect with water tank (1), the water outlet of centrifugal pump (2) and control unit connect
It connects；
The control unit includes throttle valve (12), pressure reducing valve (4) and safety overflow valve (13), the pressure reducing valve (4)
Water inlet end is connect through pressure gauge A(3) with the water outlet of centrifugal pump (2), the water outlet of pressure reducing valve (4) successively through flowmeter (5) and
Pressure gauge B(6) it is connect with execution unit；One end of the throttle valve (12) is connected to pressure reducing valve (4) and pressure gauge A(3) it
Between pipeline on, the other end of throttle valve (12) connects water tank (1)；One end of the safety overflow valve (13) is connected to centrifugation
Pump (2) and pressure gauge A(3) between pipeline on, other end connection water tank (1) of safety overflow valve (13)；The throttle valve
(12) it is used cooperatively with pressure reducing valve (4), for controlling the flow velocity and pressure of water flow；Safety overflow valve (13) is used to protect entire system
The safety of system prevents the damage of centrifugal pump caused by hypertonia (2)；
The execution unit includes cavitation washer (7) and cleaning pipeline (8), and the cavitation washer (7) is mounted on clearly
It washes in pipeline (8)；The water inlet end of the cleaning pipeline (8) is connect with pressure gauge B(6), cleans the water outlet of pipeline (8) successively
It is connect through pressure gauge C(9) and shut-off valve (10) with water tank (1)；
The cavitation detection means (11) include high-speed camera, methylene blue spectrophotometer and ess-strain piece, high speed
Video camera and methylene blue spectrophotometer are used to measure cavitation and generate position and cavitation amount, and ess-strain piece is used to measure cavitation
Cleaning effect.
2. pipeline cavitation cleaning effect detection system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the safety overflow valve
(13) pressure is higher than the 5%-10% of centrifugal pump (2) rated operating pressure.
3. pipeline cavitation cleaning effect detection system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cavitation washer
(7) it is fixed on the middle part of cleaning pipeline (8), cavitation washer (7) is vane type cavitation washer (7), by staggered two-by-two
Blade construction forms throttling.
4. pipeline cavitation cleaning effect detection system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the high-speed camera
It is mounted on the side of cavitation washer (7), high-speed camera is equipped with light compensating lamp and microlens, for capturing water turbomachinery area
Domain；The high-speed camera is connect with host computer；The high-speed camera has the writing speed of 200,000 frequencies or more.
5. pipeline cavitation cleaning effect detection system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the methylene blue point
Light photometer, using the concentration of the methylene blue in water tank (1) before and after spectrophotometric determination Cavitation, reduction amount is anti-
Ying Liang；When test, light absorption value is below 2.5.
6. pipeline cavitation cleaning effect detection system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the ess-strain piece
Have 4, be separately mounted to cleaning pipeline (8) correspond to the remote entrance fragment position of cavitation washer (7), incoming-side location, out
Mouth end position and remote outlet end position, the strain that the power that crumbles and fall for measuring cavity collapse generates pipeline, indirect proof cavitation
When crumble and fall the size of power；The ess-strain piece is connect with capture card, and capture card passes through in host computer after collecting strain value
Labview data acquisition program handled.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710791306.7A CN107649467B (en) | 2017-09-05 | 2017-09-05 | Pipeline cavitation cleaning effect detection system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710791306.7A CN107649467B (en) | 2017-09-05 | 2017-09-05 | Pipeline cavitation cleaning effect detection system |
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| CN107649467A CN107649467A (en) | 2018-02-02 |
| CN107649467B true CN107649467B (en) | 2019-06-28 |
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| CN201710791306.7A Active CN107649467B (en) | 2017-09-05 | 2017-09-05 | Pipeline cavitation cleaning effect detection system |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107649467B (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-06-28 | 大连海事大学 | Pipeline cavitation cleaning effect detection system |
| CN110907130A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-03-24 | 大连海事大学 | Cavitation impact effect detection system in closed pipeline |
| CN111638078B (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2022-03-22 | 西北工业大学 | Pipeline cavitation jet flow purger cleaning performance testing arrangement |
| CN113695322B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-06-20 | 中元汇吉生物技术股份有限公司 | Sampling needle cleaning device and cleaning method thereof |
| CN114267896A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-01 | 福州大学 | Method for removing coating based on cavitation bubble collapse |
| CN116892244B (en) * | 2023-09-07 | 2023-11-21 | 广东省广业装备科学技术研究院有限公司 | Unpowered drainage channel self-cleaning system based on pressure detection |
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| CN204008435U (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-12-10 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | A kind of device that detects ultrasonic cavitation intensity |
| CN204255763U (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-04-08 | 金发科技股份有限公司 | Based on the high speed strain proving installation of line-scan digital camera |
| CN106964611A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-07-21 | 哈尔滨学院 | Compound cavitation washer for eliminating sludge in pipe |
| CN107649467A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2018-02-02 | 哈尔滨学院 | Pipeline cavitation cleaning performance detecting system |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1497429A (en) * | 1974-05-03 | 1978-01-12 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | System for cleaning multiple effect distillation plant |
| CN204008435U (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-12-10 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | A kind of device that detects ultrasonic cavitation intensity |
| CN204255763U (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-04-08 | 金发科技股份有限公司 | Based on the high speed strain proving installation of line-scan digital camera |
| CN106964611A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-07-21 | 哈尔滨学院 | Compound cavitation washer for eliminating sludge in pipe |
| CN107649467A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2018-02-02 | 哈尔滨学院 | Pipeline cavitation cleaning performance detecting system |
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Inventor after: Ma Wenqi Inventor after: Sun Hongyi Inventor after: Chen Dongqi Inventor before: Sun Hongyi Inventor before: Ma Wenqi Inventor before: Chen Dongqi |
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Effective date of registration: 20190529 Address after: 116026 1 Linghai Road, hi tech park, Dalian, Liaoning Applicant after: Dalian Maritime University Applicant after: HARBIN UNIVERSITY Address before: 150086 Zhongxing Avenue, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 109 Applicant before: HARBIN UNIVERSITY |
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