CN107643495A - A kind of battery consistency evaluation method based on principal component analysis - Google Patents

A kind of battery consistency evaluation method based on principal component analysis Download PDF

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CN107643495A
CN107643495A CN201711110790.9A CN201711110790A CN107643495A CN 107643495 A CN107643495 A CN 107643495A CN 201711110790 A CN201711110790 A CN 201711110790A CN 107643495 A CN107643495 A CN 107643495A
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battery
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王立业
王丽芳
廖承林
张文杰
陶成轩
张志刚
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Institute of Electrical Engineering of CAS
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Institute of Electrical Engineering of CAS
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Abstract

A kind of battery consistency evaluation method based on principal component analysis, battery principal component is constructed first with battery consistency characteristic parameter, the battery consistency characteristic parameter in the battery principal component of construction is standardized, the correlation matrix of normalized parameter matrix；Then eigen vector is calculated, calculate contribution rate and contribution rate of accumulative total, calculate battery principal component and battery synthesis principal component, battery principal component of the contribution rate of accumulative total more than 85% is taken to integrate principal component as the battery of evaluating consistency of batteries, finally using battery synthesis principal component construction Conformance Assessment function, battery consistency is evaluated.This method can realize the decoupling between battery consistency characteristic parameter, effectively describe the performance difference between battery, and correlation theory and application foundation are provided for lithium ion power storage battery combo.

Description

A kind of battery consistency evaluation method based on principal component analysis
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of battery consistency evaluation method.
Background technology
In the industrialization process of electric automobile, the performance of electrokinetic cell is one of key factor for influenceing vehicle performance. Because electric automobile requires higher to cell voltage, battery needs to be used in series in actual applications.And battery is being used in series In, there can be the problem of inconsistent between each cell.The inconsistency of this battery can not only reduce the use of battery pack Level, the performance of electric automobile whole is influenceed, but also there may be substantial amounts of heat to cause cells burst or blast.Tradition meaning It is whether consistent for battery in justice, typically judged by voltage or capacity.Performance difference between battery accumulates over a long period As a result, gradually change.The external voltage of battery and DC internal resistance, operating current, polarizing voltage, etc. the close phase of many factors Close.Consistency of battery pack is judged from voltage or capacity volume variance merely, it is impossible to effectively describe the performance between battery Difference.In electric automobile power battery system, battery consistency is not only shown on voltage and capacity, in addition to temperature, On the problems such as SOH, SOP, aging speed.These factors are interrelated, interact, and any one factor can all have influence on entirely The performance of battery pack.Therefore power accumulator uniformity characteristic parameter is analyzed, battery is carried out using principal component analysis Consistent sexual valence research, establishes battery consistency multi-parameter evaluation model, correlation theory is provided for lithium ion power storage battery combo With application foundation, can solve battery consistency evaluation and only lean on the one-parameter not scientific problem of voltage.
It is domestic mainly still to be judged at present for the patent of battery consistency evaluation by voltage or capacity, such as patent " 201010167696.9 method for evaluating consistency of battery pack ", judges battery consistency by way of open-circuit voltage.This side Formula can not comprehensively and effectively evaluating consistency of batteries state.Battery consistency not only shown on voltage and capacity, only with It is unscientific to carry out evaluating consistency of batteries by means of voltage or capacity.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to rely solely on cell voltage difference for conventional batteries method for evaluating consistency come to battery The not scientific problem that uniformity is judged, propose a kind of battery consistency evaluation method based on principal component analysis.The present invention The decoupling between battery consistency characteristic parameter can be realized, can effectively describe the performance difference between battery, is lithium ion Power accumulator combo provides correlation theory and application foundation.
The present invention constructs battery principal component first with battery consistency characteristic parameter, in the battery principal component of construction Battery consistency characteristic parameter standardizes, the correlation matrix of normalized parameter matrix；Then characteristic value and spy are calculated Sign vector, calculates contribution rate and contribution rate of accumulative total, calculates battery principal component and battery synthesis principal component, takes contribution rate of accumulative total to be more than 85% battery principal component integrates principal component as the battery of evaluating consistency of batteries, finally utilizes battery synthesis principal component construction Conformance Assessment function, is evaluated battery consistency.
Comprise the following steps that：
The first step, utilize battery consistency characteristic parameter x1,x2,…,xpConstruct battery principal component；
By battery consistency characteristic parameter x1,x2,…,xpIt is combined into one group of orthogonal battery principal component z1,z2…zn, Wherein n is battery number, and p is battery consistency number of parameters, and each batteries can construct n principal component, one constructed I-th of principal component of batteries is as follows：
zi=li1x1+li2x2+…+lipxpI=1,2 ..., n (1)
Wherein ln1、ln2…..lnpFor main ingredient load；znFor n-th of principal component of battery, n is battery number, and p is electricity Pond parameter of consistency number.
Second step, the battery consistency characteristic parameter in the battery principal component of construction is standardized, construct normalizing parameter Matrix；
For n batteries, battery consistency characteristic parameter forms n group p dimension datas space, and battery consistency characteristic parameter can To be expressed in matrix as：
Because the dimension of each characteristic value is different, the influence of dimension must be eliminated.The method for eliminating dimension is consistent to battery Property characteristic parameter is standardized, and method is as follows：
Wherein, xijFor battery consistency characteristic parameter；To standardize battery consistency characteristic parameter；It is consistent for battery Property characteristic parameter average value, i.e.,sjFor for battery consistency parameter and standard it is poor, i.e.,p For battery consistency number of parameters.
3rd step, the correlation matrix of normalized parameter matrix；
Correlation matrix is as follows：
Wherein, R represents correlation matrix；rijTo standardize battery consistency characteristic parameterCoefficient correlation, i, j= 1,2,…p；rij=rji, calculation formula is as follows：
4th step, calculate eigen vector；
Characteristic equation is solved according to formula (4) | λiI-R |=0, I are unit matrix, obtain eigenvalue λi, and by eigenvalue λi Arranged according to size order, λ1≥λ2≥…≥λp≥0；Obtain respectively corresponding to eigenvalue λiCharacteristic vector ei, i=1.2. ... P, p is battery consistency number of parameters, and | e |=1, i.e.,Wherein eijRepresent vectorial eiJ-th of component.
5th step, calculate contribution rate and contribution rate of accumulative total；
Calculate contribution rate
Calculate contribution rate of accumulative total θk：
Wherein, λiFor correlation matrix R characteristic value；P is battery consistency number of parameters, k≤p.
6th step, calculate battery synthesis principal component；
Principal component load is calculated first：
Wherein, lijFor main ingredient load；eijFor correlation matrix R characteristic vector；P is battery consistency parameter Number.
Then according to principal component LOAD FOR battery principal component：
zi=li1x1+li2x2+…+lipxp (9)
Wherein, ziFor i-th of principal component of a batteries.
Finally take contribution rate of accumulative total θkBattery principal component more than 85% calculates battery synthesis principal component：
Wherein, ZZmPrincipal component is integrated for m batteries；K is contribution rate of accumulative total θkPrincipal component number more than 85%.
7th step, using battery synthesis principal component construction Conformance Assessment function, battery consistency is evaluated；
Consistency of battery pack evaluation model ε and battery cell evaluation model ε are established according to comprehensive principal componentm, it is as follows：
Wherein ZZmaxPrincipal component maximum, Z are integrated for batteryZminPrincipal component minimum value, Z are integrated for batteryZmEconomized on electricity for m Pond integrates principal component, and n is battery number.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 principal component analysis battery consistency evaluation rubric figures.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated to embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The present invention constructs battery principal component first with battery consistency characteristic parameter, in the battery principal component of construction Battery consistency characteristic parameter standardizes, the correlation matrix of normalized parameter matrix；Then characteristic value and spy are calculated Sign vector, calculates contribution rate and contribution rate of accumulative total, calculates battery principal component and battery synthesis principal component, takes contribution rate of accumulative total to be more than 85% battery principal component integrates principal component as the battery of evaluating consistency of batteries, finally utilizes battery synthesis principal component construction Conformance Assessment function, is evaluated battery consistency.
Comprise the following steps that：
The first step, utilize battery consistency characteristic parameter x1,x2,…,xpConstruct battery principal component；
By battery consistency characteristic parameter x1,x2,…,xpIt is combined into one group of orthogonal battery principal component z1,z2…zn, Wherein n is battery number, and p is battery consistency number of parameters, and each batteries can construct n principal component, one constructed I-th of principal component of batteries is as follows：
zi=li1x1+li2x2+…+lipxpI=1,2 ..., n (1)
Wherein ln1、ln2…..lnpFor main ingredient load；znFor n-th of principal component of battery, n is battery number, and p is electricity Pond parameter of consistency number.
Second step, the battery consistency characteristic parameter in the battery principal component of construction is standardized, construct normalizing parameter Matrix；
For n batteries, battery consistency characteristic parameter forms n group p dimension datas space, and battery consistency characteristic parameter can To be expressed in matrix as：
Because the dimension of each characteristic value is different, the influence of dimension must be eliminated.The method for eliminating dimension is consistent to battery Property characteristic parameter is standardized, and method is as follows：
Wherein, xijFor battery consistency characteristic parameter；To standardize battery consistency characteristic parameter；It is consistent for battery Property characteristic parameter average value, i.e.,sjFor for battery consistency parameter and standard it is poor, i.e.,p For battery consistency number of parameters.
3rd step, the correlation matrix of normalized parameter matrix；
Correlation matrix is as follows：
Wherein, R represents correlation matrix；rijTo standardize battery consistency characteristic parameterCoefficient correlation, i, j= 1,2,…p；rij=rji, calculation formula is as follows：
4th step, calculate eigen vector；
Characteristic equation is solved according to formula (4) | λiI-R |=0, I are unit matrix, obtain eigenvalue λi, and by eigenvalue λi Arranged according to size order, λ1≥λ2≥…≥λp≥0；Obtain respectively corresponding to eigenvalue λiCharacteristic vector ei, i=1.2. ... P, p is battery consistency number of parameters, and | e |=1, i.e.,Wherein eijRepresent vectorial eiJ-th of component.
5th step, calculate contribution rate and contribution rate of accumulative total；
Calculate contribution rate
Calculate contribution rate of accumulative total θk：
Wherein, λiFor correlation matrix R characteristic value；P is battery consistency number of parameters, k≤p.
6th step, calculate battery synthesis principal component；
Principal component load is calculated first：
Wherein, lijFor main ingredient load；eijFor correlation matrix R characteristic vector；P is battery consistency parameter Number.
Then according to principal component LOAD FOR battery principal component：
zi=li1x1+li2x2+…+lipxp (9)
Wherein, ziFor i-th of principal component of a batteries.
Finally take contribution rate of accumulative total θkBattery principal component more than 85% calculates battery synthesis principal component：
Wherein, ZZmPrincipal component is integrated for m batteries；K is contribution rate of accumulative total θkPrincipal component number more than 85%.
7th step, using battery synthesis principal component construction Conformance Assessment function, battery consistency is evaluated；
Consistency of battery pack evaluation model ε and battery cell evaluation model ε are established according to comprehensive principal componentm, it is as follows：
Wherein ZZmaxPrincipal component maximum, Z are integrated for batteryZminPrincipal component minimum value, Z are integrated for batteryZmEconomized on electricity for m Pond integrates principal component, and n is battery number.
Embodiments of the invention：For 24 batteries groups, 6 characteristic parameters are chosen as battery consistency characteristic parameter, Including data such as state-of-charge SOC, power rating SOP, health status SOH, terminal voltage U, internal resistance R and temperature T, using principal component Analytic approach is analyzed the parameter of consistency of electrokinetic cell.Analysis method for multiple battery consistency characteristic parameters and right 6 characteristic parameter analysis methods are consistent.24 batteries parameter of consistency data are as shown in table 1.
The consistency of battery pack characteristic parameter of table 1
It is standardized according to formula (2), formula (3) battery consistency characteristic parameter, is counted according to formula (4), formula (5) The correlation matrix of normalizing parameter matrix is calculated, contribution rate is calculated respectively according to formula (6), formula (7) and formula (8), tires out Count contribution rate and principal component score value.Contribution rate by four principal components before calculating is respectively 32.21%, 22.88%, 17.17% and 15.58%, contribution rate sum is 89.84%, therefore can use preceding four principal component analysis battery consistency.First four Principal component expression formula is as follows：
When analyzing battery inconsistency, to consider the influence of each principal component, principal component analysis is integrated using battery Battery consistency, it is as follows that principal component expression formula is integrated according to formula (9) battery：
Zz=0.3221Z1+0.2288Z2+0.1717Z3+0.1558Z4 (13)
Battery pack synthesis principal component is calculated according to formula (13) and table 1, as shown in table 2.
The battery pack of table 2 integrates principal component
According to table 2 and formula (10), the consistency of battery pack evaluation model ε of formula (11) and battery cell evaluation model εi Conformance Assessment is carried out to battery pack.

Claims (8)

  1. A kind of 1. battery consistency evaluation method based on principal component analysis, it is characterised in that：First with battery consistency feature Parametric configuration battery principal component, the battery consistency characteristic parameter in the battery principal component of construction is standardized, normalized The correlation matrix of parameter matrix；Then eigen vector is calculated, calculates contribution rate and contribution rate of accumulative total, calculates electricity Pond principal component and battery synthesis principal component, take battery principal component of the contribution rate of accumulative total more than 85% as evaluating consistency of batteries Battery integrates principal component, and finally using battery synthesis principal component construction Conformance Assessment function, battery consistency is evaluated.
  2. 2. the battery consistency evaluation method based on principal component analysis as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Utilize battery one Cause property characteristic parameter x1,x2,…,xpThe method for constructing principal component is as follows：By battery consistency characteristic parameter x1,x2,…,xpCombination The battery principal component z orthogonal into one group1,z2…zn, wherein n is battery number, and p is battery consistency number of parameters, each Batteries can construct n principal component, and i-th of the principal component of a batteries constructed is as follows：
    zi=li1x1+li2x2+…+lipxpI=1,2 ..., n (1)
    Wherein ln1、ln2…..lnpFor main ingredient load；znFor n-th of principal component of battery.
  3. 3. the battery consistency evaluation method based on principal component analysis as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：To the electricity of construction Battery consistency characteristic parameter standardization in the principal component of pond, the method for constructing normalizing parameter matrix are as follows；
    N group p dimension datas space, battery consistency characteristic parameter square are formed for the battery consistency characteristic parameter of n batteries Matrix representation is：
    <mrow> <mi>X</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>11</mn> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>12</mn> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>...</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>21</mn> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>22</mn> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>...</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow></mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow></mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow></mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>...</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
    Because the dimension of each characteristic value is different, the influence of dimension must be eliminated, the method for eliminating dimension is special to battery consistency Sign parameter is standardized, and method is as follows：
    <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> <mo>*</mo> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mover> <mi>x</mi> <mo>&amp;OverBar;</mo> </mover> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </mrow> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>...</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>;</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>...</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
    Wherein, xijFor battery consistency characteristic parameter；To standardize battery consistency characteristic parameter；It is special for battery consistency Mean parameter is levied, i.e.,sjIt is poor for battery consistency parameter and standard, i.e.,P is battery Parameter of consistency number.
  4. 4. the battery consistency evaluation method based on principal component analysis as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Normalized The method of the correlation matrix of parameter matrix is：
    Correlation matrix is as follows：
    <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>11</mn> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>12</mn> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>...</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>21</mn> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>22</mn> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>...</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>...</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
    Wherein, R represents correlation matrix；rij(i, j=1,2 ... it is p) standardization battery consistency characteristic parameterCorrelation Coefficient；rij=rji, calculation formula is as follows：
    <mrow> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mover> <mi>x</mi> <mo>&amp;OverBar;</mo> </mover> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mover> <mi>x</mi> <mo>&amp;OverBar;</mo> </mover> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <msqrt> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mover> <mi>x</mi> <mo>&amp;OverBar;</mo> </mover> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mover> <mi>x</mi> <mo>&amp;OverBar;</mo> </mover> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </msqrt> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
  5. 5. the battery consistency evaluation method based on principal component analysis as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Calculate characteristic value Method with characteristic vector is：Characteristic equation is solved according to formula (4) | λiI-R |=0, I are unit matrix, obtain eigenvalue λi, and By eigenvalue λiArranged according to size order, λ1≥λ2≥…≥λp≥0；Obtain respectively corresponding to eigenvalue λiCharacteristic vector ei, i=1.2. ... p, p is battery consistency number of parameters, and | e |=1, i.e.,Wherein eijRepresent vectorial eiJth Individual component.
  6. 6. the battery consistency evaluation method based on principal component analysis as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Calculate contribution rate And the method for contribution rate of accumulative total is as follows：
    Calculate contribution rate
    Calculate contribution rate of accumulative total θk：
    <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>k</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>p</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
    Wherein, λiFor correlation matrix R characteristic value；P is battery consistency number of parameters, k≤p.
  7. 7. the battery consistency evaluation method based on principal component analysis as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is comprehensive to calculate battery Close principal component method be：
    Principal component load is calculated first：
    <mrow> <msub> <mi>l</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msqrt> <msub> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </msqrt> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>...</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
    Wherein, lijFor main ingredient load；eijFor correlation matrix R characteristic vector；P is battery consistency number of parameters.So Afterwards according to principal component LOAD FOR battery principal component：
    zi=li1x1+li2x2+…+lipxp (9)
    Wherein, ziFor i-th of principal component of a batteries.
    Finally take contribution rate of accumulative total θkBattery principal component more than 85% calculates battery synthesis principal component：
    Wherein, ZZmPrincipal component is integrated for m batteries；K is contribution rate of accumulative total θkPrincipal component number more than 85%.
  8. 8. the battery consistency evaluation method based on principal component analysis as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is comprehensive using battery Close principal component construction Conformance Assessment function pair battery consistency to be evaluated, method is as follows：
    Consistency of battery pack evaluation model ε and battery cell evaluation model ε are established according to comprehensive principal componentm, it is as follows：
    <mrow> <mi>&amp;epsiv;</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mo>|</mo> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow> <mi>Z</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow> <mi>Z</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>|</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo>|</mo> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow> <mi>Z</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow> <mi>Z</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>|</mo> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow> <mi>Z</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>11</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
    <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;epsiv;</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow> <mi>Z</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow> <mi>Z</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow> <mi>Z</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>12</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
    Wherein ZZmaxPrincipal component maximum, Z are integrated for batteryZminPrincipal component minimum value, Z are integrated for batteryZmIt is comprehensive for m batteries Principal component is closed, n is battery number.
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