CN107631640A - A kind of electric furnace residual neat recovering system and method - Google Patents
A kind of electric furnace residual neat recovering system and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 59
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 abstract description 33
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003635 deoxygenating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 flue gas dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种电炉余热回收系统及方法，属于工业炉窑余热回收领域，该系统包括依次连接设置的电炉汽化冷却炉盖、废钢预热装置、汽化冷却弯管烟道、燃烧沉降室、烟气余热锅炉和除尘排烟装置；烟气余热锅炉内设有蒸发器、省煤器和软水加热器；还包括软水箱、除氧器、中压蓄热站、低压蓄热站、低压汽包以及中压汽包。本发明通过设置中压汽包为烟气余热锅炉蒸发器供水，低压汽包为电炉汽化冷却炉盖、汽化冷却弯管烟道供水，可回收电炉炉盖余热及一次烟气余热以产生低压蒸汽和中压蒸汽；还通过在烟气余热锅炉内设置省煤器和软水加热器可提高烟气与水之间的换热温差，提高烟气降温速率，有利于抑制二噁英的合成。
The invention discloses an electric furnace waste heat recovery system and method, which belong to the field of industrial furnace waste heat recovery. The system includes an electric furnace vaporization cooling furnace cover, a scrap steel preheating device, a vaporization cooling elbow pipe flue, a combustion settling chamber, Flue gas waste heat boiler and dust removal and smoke exhaust device; the flue gas waste heat boiler is equipped with evaporator, economizer and soft water heater; it also includes soft water tank, deaerator, medium pressure heat storage station, low pressure heat storage station, low pressure steam package and medium pressure steam package. In the present invention, the medium-pressure steam drum is used to supply water to the evaporator of the flue gas waste heat boiler, and the low-pressure steam drum is used to supply water to the electric furnace vaporization cooling furnace cover and the vaporization cooling elbow flue, and the waste heat of the electric furnace cover and primary flue gas waste heat can be recovered to generate low-pressure steam and medium-pressure steam; also by installing an economizer and a soft water heater in the flue gas waste heat boiler, the heat exchange temperature difference between the flue gas and water can be increased, the cooling rate of the flue gas can be increased, and the synthesis of dioxins can be inhibited.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于工业炉窑余热回收技术领域，具体涉及一种电炉余热回收系统及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of recovery of waste heat from industrial furnaces, and in particular relates to a system and method for recovery of waste heat from electric furnaces.
背景技术Background technique
电炉冶炼过程中将产生大量的热量，包括电炉本体散热及电炉一次烟气余热。电炉炉盖受到炉内钢水及电极的辐射热，目前主要通过循环水冷的方式散失掉。电炉一次烟气余热主要通过预热废钢或烟气余热锅炉的方式进行回收利用。The electric furnace smelting process will generate a large amount of heat, including the heat dissipation of the electric furnace body and the waste heat of the primary flue gas of the electric furnace. The furnace cover of the electric furnace is mainly dissipated by the radiant heat of the molten steel and the electrodes in the furnace, and is currently mainly dissipated through circulating water cooling. The primary flue gas waste heat of electric furnace is mainly recycled by preheating scrap steel or flue gas waste heat boiler.
专利CN 104061793 B(申请号201410181614.4)和CN 103940248 B(申请号201410141897.X)分别公开了一种电炉一次烟气余热回收系统，两个专利公开的系统中均设有省煤器和软水加热器，以期实现烟气余热的梯级利用。但由于电炉冶炼的周期性，系统的补水也呈现出周期性特征，当汽包或除氧器不需要补水时，就存在省煤器或软水加热器干烧以及锅炉排烟温度无法有效控制的风险。Patents CN 104061793 B (Application No. 201410181614.4) and CN 103940248 B (Application No. 201410141897.X) respectively disclose a waste heat recovery system for primary flue gas of an electric furnace. The systems disclosed in the two patents are equipped with an economizer and a soft water heater , in order to realize the cascade utilization of flue gas waste heat. However, due to the periodicity of electric furnace smelting, the water replenishment of the system also presents periodic characteristics. When the steam drum or deaerator does not need to replenish water, there are problems that the economizer or soft water heater is dry-burned and the exhaust gas temperature of the boiler cannot be effectively controlled. risk.
专利CN 202470790 U(申请号201220069391.9)公开了一种铁合金电炉炉盖与烟道烟气余热联合回收的系统，烟道余热锅炉与炉盖余热锅炉共用一套给水除氧装置，炉盖余热锅炉产生的蒸汽与烟道余热锅炉产生的蒸汽混合，之后一同送入在烟道余热锅炉过热器实现过热，最后通过汽轮机发电。该专利所述炉盖余热锅炉与烟道余热锅炉压力等级相同。为提高余热蒸汽品质，目前烟气余热锅炉一般采用中压锅炉(2.5～3.9MPa，炉水温度>200℃)。电炉炉盖在冶炼过程中会根据工艺需要而做提升、转动、倾动等操作，而炉盖的供回水管道一般采用高压软管或金属旋转接头连接。较高的工作压力和温度易导致供回水管道爆管或旋转接头漏水，不利于系统的安全运行。Patent CN 202470790 U (Application No. 201220069391.9) discloses a system for combined recovery of ferroalloy electric furnace cover and flue gas waste heat. The steam is mixed with the steam generated by the flue waste heat boiler, and then sent together to the superheater of the flue waste heat boiler to achieve superheating, and finally through the steam turbine to generate electricity. The furnace cover waste heat boiler described in this patent has the same pressure level as the flue waste heat boiler. In order to improve the quality of waste heat steam, the current flue gas waste heat boiler generally adopts a medium pressure boiler (2.5 ~ 3.9MPa, boiler water temperature > 200 ℃). During the smelting process, the furnace cover of the electric furnace will be lifted, rotated, tilted and other operations according to the process requirements, and the water supply and return pipes of the furnace cover are generally connected by high-pressure hoses or metal rotary joints. Higher working pressure and temperature can easily lead to bursting of water supply and return pipes or leakage of rotary joints, which is not conducive to the safe operation of the system.
对于废钢预热型电炉，烟气预热废钢后，在其降温过程中易生成二噁英污染物。电炉烟气中二噁英的合成温度窗口为200～500℃，其中在300℃左右合成速率达到最大。为减少二噁英的生成，需使烟气在降温过程中能快速掠过该温度区间。对于烟气余热锅炉系统，为提高烟气降温速度，一方面可提高锅炉内换热器的综合换热系数，如专利CN 204100835U(申请号201420602114.9)采用了高效换热管结构提高换热系数，实现烟气急冷；另一方面可提高烟气侧与水侧的换热温差，专利CN 104061793 B(申请号201410181614.4)和CN103940248 B(申请号201410141897.X)虽然在烟气余热锅炉中使用了省煤器和软水加热器，但由于只利用了电炉一次烟气余热，系统补水量较小，加之电炉冶炼的周期性使得省煤器和软水加热器供水不足，换热稳定性差。For the scrap steel preheating electric furnace, after the flue gas preheats the scrap steel, it is easy to generate dioxin pollutants during the cooling process. The synthesis temperature window of dioxins in electric furnace flue gas is 200-500°C, and the synthesis rate reaches the maximum at about 300°C. In order to reduce the formation of dioxins, it is necessary to make the flue gas quickly pass through this temperature range during the cooling process. For the flue gas waste heat boiler system, in order to increase the flue gas cooling speed, on the one hand, the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger in the boiler can be improved. For example, the patent CN 204100835U (application number 201420602114.9) adopts a high-efficiency heat exchange tube structure to increase the heat transfer coefficient. Realize rapid cooling of the flue gas; on the other hand, it can increase the heat exchange temperature difference between the flue gas side and the water side, although the patents CN 104061793 B (application number 201410181614.4) and CN103940248 B (application number 201410141897.X) use the provincial Coal heaters and soft water heaters, but because only the waste heat of the primary flue gas of the electric furnace is used, the water replenishment of the system is small, and the periodicity of electric furnace smelting makes the water supply of the economizer and the soft water heater insufficient, and the heat exchange stability is poor.
因此，需要一种可同时回收电炉炉盖及一次烟气余热的系统，该系统需提高电炉一次烟气在低温区的降温速率，保证系统运行的安全和减少烟气中二噁英的合成，实现回收余热同时减少烟气对环境的污染。Therefore, there is a need for a system that can recover the waste heat of the electric furnace cover and the primary flue gas at the same time. This system needs to increase the cooling rate of the primary flue gas of the electric furnace in the low temperature area, ensure the safety of the system operation and reduce the synthesis of dioxins in the flue gas. Realize the recovery of waste heat while reducing the pollution of flue gas to the environment.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种电炉余热回收系统及方法，用于解决现有技术中未考虑电炉炉盖余热回收以及锅炉低温区降温速率较慢或换热稳定性差等问题。In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a waste heat recovery system and method for an electric furnace, which is used to solve the problems in the prior art that the recovery of waste heat from the cover of the electric furnace is not considered, and the cooling rate in the low temperature zone of the boiler is slow or the heat transfer stability is poor.
为达到上述目的，本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的：To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
本发明提供一种电炉余热回收系统，包括依次连接设置的电炉汽化冷却炉盖、废钢预热装置、汽化冷却弯管烟道、燃烧沉降室、烟气余热锅炉和除尘排烟装置，所述烟气余热锅炉内沿烟气流动方向依次布置有蒸发器、省煤器和软水加热器；还包括连接于软水加热器进口和出口的软水箱、连接于省煤器进口和出口且也同软水加热器出口连接的除氧器、连接于蒸发器进口和出口且也同省煤器出口连接的中压汽包、连接于电炉汽化冷却炉盖及汽化冷却弯管烟道进口和出口且也同省煤器出口连接的低压汽包、与低压汽包连接的低压蓄热站以及与中压汽包连接的中压蓄热站。The invention provides an electric furnace waste heat recovery system, which includes an electric furnace vaporization cooling furnace cover, a scrap steel preheating device, a vaporization cooling elbow flue, a combustion settling chamber, a flue gas waste heat boiler, and a dust removal and smoke exhaust device connected in sequence. The evaporator, economizer and soft water heater are arranged in sequence along the flue gas flow direction in the gas waste heat boiler; it also includes a soft water tank connected to the inlet and outlet of the soft water heater, connected to the inlet and outlet of the economizer and heated with soft water The deaerator connected to the outlet of the evaporator, the medium-pressure steam drum connected to the inlet and outlet of the evaporator and also connected to the outlet of the economizer, connected to the cover of the electric furnace vaporization cooling furnace and the inlet and outlet of the gasification cooling elbow flue and also connected to the economizer A low-pressure steam drum connected to the outlet, a low-pressure heat storage station connected to the low-pressure steam drum, and a medium-pressure heat storage station connected to the medium-pressure steam drum.
进一步，软水加热器出口与软水箱和除氧器分别通过阀门Ⅰ、阀门Ⅱ连通，省煤器出口与除氧器、中压汽包、低压汽包分别通过阀门Ⅲ、阀门Ⅳ、阀门Ⅴ连通。Further, the outlet of the soft water heater is connected with the soft water tank and the deaerator through valve I and valve II respectively, and the outlet of the economizer is connected with the deaerator, medium-pressure steam drum and low-pressure steam drum through valve III, valve IV and valve V respectively .
进一步，软水箱通过软水泵连接于软水加热器进口，除氧器通过给水泵连接于省煤器进口，低压汽包通过低压循环泵分别连接于电炉汽化冷却炉盖和汽化冷却弯管烟道。Further, the soft water tank is connected to the inlet of the soft water heater through a soft water pump, the deaerator is connected to the inlet of the economizer through a feed water pump, and the low-pressure steam drum is connected to the cover of the electric furnace vaporization cooling furnace and the flue of the vaporization cooling elbow pipe through a low-pressure circulation pump.
进一步，除氧器通过阀门Ⅵ连接于低压蓄热站后。Further, the deaerator is connected behind the low-pressure heat storage station through valve VI.
本发明还利用上述的电炉余热回收系统实施的余热回收方法，具体包括如下步骤：The present invention also utilizes the waste heat recovery method implemented by the above-mentioned electric furnace waste heat recovery system, which specifically includes the following steps:
S1：利用烟气余热锅炉内沿烟气流动方向依次布置的蒸发器、省煤器和软水加热器来提高烟气的降温速率，以减少烟气在二噁英合成反应温度区间的停留时间；S1: Use the evaporator, economizer and soft water heater arranged sequentially along the flue gas flow direction in the flue gas waste heat boiler to increase the cooling rate of the flue gas, so as to reduce the residence time of the flue gas in the dioxin synthesis reaction temperature range;
S2：利用软水箱提供的软水依次经过软水加热器、除氧器、省煤器后分别送入低压汽包和中压汽包，以使中压汽包为蒸发器供水，低压汽包为电炉汽化冷却炉盖、汽化冷却弯管烟道供水；S2: The soft water provided by the soft water tank passes through the soft water heater, deaerator, and economizer in sequence, and then is sent to the low-pressure steam drum and the medium-pressure steam drum respectively, so that the medium-pressure steam drum supplies water for the evaporator, and the low-pressure steam drum serves as an electric furnace Water supply for vaporization cooling furnace cover and vaporization cooling elbow flue;
S3：利用中压汽包产生的中压蒸汽送入中压蓄热站，待中压蒸汽稳压后送入中压蒸汽管网，以供全厂生产使用；利用低压汽包产生的低压蒸汽送入低压蓄热站，待低压蒸汽稳压后送入低压蒸汽管网，以供全厂生活使用。S3: The medium-pressure steam generated by the medium-pressure steam drum is sent to the medium-pressure heat storage station, and then sent to the medium-pressure steam pipe network after the medium-pressure steam is stabilized for the production and use of the whole plant; the low-pressure steam generated by the low-pressure steam drum is used It is sent to the low-pressure heat storage station, and after the low-pressure steam is stabilized, it is sent to the low-pressure steam pipe network for the daily use of the whole plant.
优选的，低压汽包产生的低压蒸汽先通过阀门Ⅵ连接于除氧器，富余的再供入低压蒸汽管网。Preferably, the low-pressure steam generated by the low-pressure steam drum is first connected to the deaerator through the valve VI, and the excess is then supplied to the low-pressure steam pipe network.
本发明的有益效果是：通过设置低压汽包，保证了高温段(包括炉盖和汽化冷却弯管烟道)受热管及供回水连接管道的安全运行，低压汽包和高压汽包共用一套除氧及补水装置可减少系统的投资，同时提高了软水加热器和省煤器的供水量。通过设置低压汽包和中压汽包，实现了能量的梯级利用，中压蒸汽用于生产、低压蒸汽可用于除氧及全厂生活。在烟气余热锅炉内设置省煤器和软水加热器可实现电炉一次烟气余热的充分利用，并且也提高了烟气侧与水侧的换热温差进而提高烟气降温速率，减少二噁英的生成。The beneficial effect of the present invention is: by setting the low-pressure steam drum, the safe operation of the heating pipe and the water supply and return water connection pipe of the high-temperature section (including the furnace cover and the vaporization cooling elbow flue) is guaranteed, and the low-pressure steam drum and the high-pressure steam drum share a common A set of deaeration and water replenishment devices can reduce the investment of the system, and at the same time increase the water supply of the soft water heater and the economizer. By setting up the low-pressure steam drum and the medium-pressure steam drum, the cascade utilization of energy is realized. The medium-pressure steam is used for production, and the low-pressure steam can be used for oxygen removal and life of the whole plant. Installing an economizer and a soft water heater in the flue gas waste heat boiler can realize the full utilization of the waste heat of the primary flue gas of the electric furnace, and also increase the heat exchange temperature difference between the flue gas side and the water side, thereby increasing the flue gas cooling rate and reducing dioxins generation.
本发明的其他优点、目标和特征在某种程度上将在随后的说明书中进行阐述，并且在某种程度上，基于对下文的考察研究对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的，或者可以从本发明的实践中得到教导。本发明的目标和其他优点可以通过下面的说明书来实现和获得。Other advantages, objects and features of the present invention will be set forth in the following description to some extent, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the investigation and research below, or can be obtained from It is taught in the practice of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the following specification.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述，其中：In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
图1为本发明提供的电炉余热回收系统流程图。Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the electric furnace waste heat recovery system provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式，本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用，本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用，在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。需要说明的是，以下实施例中所提供的图示仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本构想，在不冲突的情况下，以下实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。Embodiments of the present invention are described below through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation modes, and various modifications or changes can be made to the details in this specification based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the diagrams provided in the following embodiments are only schematically illustrating the basic concept of the present invention, and the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other in the case of no conflict.
请参阅图1，附图中的元件标号分别为：1-电炉汽化冷却炉盖、2-废钢预热装置、3-汽化冷却弯管烟道、4-燃烧沉降室、5-烟气余热锅炉、5.1-蒸发器、5.2-省煤器、5.3-软水加热器、6-除尘排烟装置、7-软水箱、8-软水泵、9-给水泵、10-低压蓄热站、10.1-低压蒸汽管网、11-中压蓄热站、11.1-中压蒸汽管网、12-除氧器、13-中压汽包、14-低压汽包、15-低压循环泵；a-阀门Ⅰ、b-阀门Ⅱ、c-阀门Ⅲ、d-阀门Ⅳ、e-阀门Ⅴ、f-阀门Ⅵ。Please refer to Figure 1, the component numbers in the accompanying drawings are: 1-electric furnace vaporization cooling furnace cover, 2-scrap steel preheating device, 3-vaporization cooling elbow flue, 4-combustion settling chamber, 5-flue gas waste heat boiler , 5.1-evaporator, 5.2-coal economizer, 5.3-soft water heater, 6-dust and smoke exhaust device, 7-soft water tank, 8-soft water pump, 9-feed water pump, 10-low pressure heat storage station, 10.1-low pressure Steam pipe network, 11-medium pressure heat storage station, 11.1-medium pressure steam pipe network, 12-deaerator, 13-medium pressure drum, 14-low pressure drum, 15-low pressure circulation pump; a-valve Ⅰ, b-valve II, c-valve III, d-valve IV, e-valve V, f-valve VI.
本实施例基本如附图1所示：一种电炉余热回收系统，用于回收电炉炉盖余热及一次烟气余热以产生低压蒸汽和中压蒸汽；包括依次连接设置的电炉汽化冷却炉盖1、废钢预热装置2、汽化冷却弯管烟道3、燃烧沉降室4、烟气余热锅炉5和除尘排烟装置6，该烟气余热锅炉内沿烟气流动方向依次布置有蒸发器5.1、省煤器5.2和软水加热器5.3；还包括连接于软水加热器5.3进口和出口的软水箱7、连接于省煤器5.2进口和出口且也同软水加热器5.3出口连接的除氧器12、连接于蒸发器5.1进口和出口且也同省煤器5.2出口连接的中压汽包13、连接于电炉汽化冷却炉盖1及汽化冷却弯管烟道3进口和出口且也同省煤器5.2出口连接的低压汽包14、与低压汽包14连接的低压蓄热站10以及与中压汽包13连接的中压蓄热站11；软水加热器5.3出口与软水箱7和除氧器12分别通过阀门Ⅰa、阀门Ⅱb连通，省煤器5.2出口与除氧器12、中压汽包13、低压汽包14分别通过阀门Ⅲc、阀门Ⅳd、阀门Ⅴe连通；软水箱7通过软水泵8连接于软水加热器5.3进口，除氧器12通过给水泵9连接于省煤器5.2进口，低压汽包14通过低压循环泵15分别连接于电炉汽化冷却炉盖1和汽化冷却弯管烟道3；除氧器12通过阀门Ⅵf连接于低压蓄热站10后。This embodiment is basically shown in Figure 1: an electric furnace waste heat recovery system, which is used to recover the waste heat of the electric furnace cover and primary flue gas to generate low-pressure steam and medium-pressure steam; it includes the electric furnace vaporization cooling furnace cover 1 arranged in sequence , scrap steel preheating device 2, vaporization cooling elbow pipe flue 3, combustion settling chamber 4, flue gas waste heat boiler 5 and dust removal and smoke exhaust device 6, and evaporators 5.1, evaporators 5.1, Economizer 5.2 and soft water heater 5.3; Also include the soft water tank 7 connected to the inlet and outlet of soft water heater 5.3, the deaerator 12 connected to the inlet and outlet of economizer 5.2 and also connected with the outlet of soft water heater 5.3, The medium-pressure steam drum 13 connected to the inlet and outlet of the evaporator 5.1 and also connected to the outlet of the economizer 5.2 is connected to the inlet and outlet of the gasification cooling furnace cover 1 of the electric furnace and the inlet and outlet of the vaporization cooling elbow flue 3 and is also connected to the outlet of the economizer 5.2 The low-pressure steam drum 14, the low-pressure heat storage station 10 connected with the low-pressure steam drum 14, and the medium-pressure heat storage station 11 connected with the medium-pressure steam drum 13; the outlet of the soft water heater 5.3 passes through the soft water tank 7 and the deaerator 12 respectively Valve Ⅰa and valve Ⅱb are connected, the outlet of economizer 5.2 is connected with deaerator 12, medium pressure steam drum 13 and low pressure steam drum 14 respectively through valve IIIc, valve IVd and valve Ve; soft water tank 7 is connected to soft water through soft water pump 8 The heater 5.3 inlet, the deaerator 12 is connected to the economizer 5.2 inlet through the feed water pump 9, and the low-pressure steam drum 14 is respectively connected to the electric furnace vaporization cooling furnace cover 1 and the vaporization cooling elbow flue 3 through the low-pressure circulation pump 15; The device 12 is connected behind the low-pressure heat storage station 10 through the valve VIf.
具体的，本发明的烟风余热回收是：电炉汽化冷却炉盖1通过四孔弯管(未画出)与废钢预热装置2连接，1200～2000℃的高温烟气从电炉四孔排出后依次经过废钢预热装置2、汽化冷却弯管烟道3、燃烧沉降室4以及烟气余热锅炉5逐步减温至200℃以下，最后送入除尘排烟装置6除尘净化后排放；汽水余热回收是：软水或除盐水从软水箱7由软水泵8加压送入烟气余热锅炉5末段的软水加热器5.3，软水加热器5.3出口分别连接除氧器12和软水箱7；软水经除氧器12除氧后由给水泵9送入烟气余热锅炉5中部的省煤器5.2，省煤器5.2出口分别连接中压汽包13、低压汽包14和除氧器12；中压汽包13与余热锅炉5的蒸发器5.1相连，锅水在蒸发器5.1中蒸发吸热，产生的蒸汽由中压汽包13送入中压蓄热站11；低压汽包14内的锅水通过低压循环泵15分别送入电炉汽化冷却炉盖1和汽化冷却弯管烟道3，经吸热汽化后返回低压汽包14，产生的蒸汽送入低压蓄热站10；中压蓄热站11出口与中压蒸汽管网11.1连接，低压蓄热站10出口连接除氧器12和低压蒸汽管网10.1。Specifically, the flue gas waste heat recovery of the present invention is: the electric furnace vaporization cooling furnace cover 1 is connected to the scrap steel preheating device 2 through a four-hole elbow (not shown), and the high-temperature flue gas at 1200-2000 ° C is discharged from the four holes of the electric furnace After successively going through the scrap steel preheating device 2, vaporization cooling elbow flue 3, combustion settling chamber 4 and flue gas waste heat boiler 5, the temperature is gradually reduced to below 200°C, and finally sent to the dust removal and smoke exhaust device 6 for dust removal and purification; the waste heat of steam and water is recovered Yes: soft water or demineralized water is sent from the soft water tank 7 to the soft water heater 5.3 at the end of the flue gas waste heat boiler 5 under pressure by the soft water pump 8, and the outlet of the soft water heater 5.3 is respectively connected to the deaerator 12 and the soft water tank 7; After deoxygenation by the oxygenator 12, the feedwater pump 9 sends it to the economizer 5.2 in the middle of the flue gas waste heat boiler 5, and the outlet of the economizer 5.2 is respectively connected to the medium-pressure steam drum 13, the low-pressure steam drum 14 and the deaerator 12; The bag 13 is connected with the evaporator 5.1 of the waste heat boiler 5, and the pot water evaporates and absorbs heat in the evaporator 5.1, and the steam generated is sent to the medium-pressure heat storage station 11 by the medium-pressure steam drum 13; the pot water in the low-pressure steam drum 14 passes through The low-pressure circulating pump 15 is sent to the electric furnace vaporization cooling furnace cover 1 and the vaporization cooling elbow flue 3 respectively, and returns to the low-pressure steam drum 14 after heat absorption and vaporization, and the steam generated is sent to the low-pressure heat storage station 10; the medium-pressure heat storage station 11 The outlet is connected to the medium-pressure steam pipe network 11.1, and the outlet of the low-pressure heat storage station 10 is connected to the deaerator 12 and the low-pressure steam pipe network 10.1.
采用上述方案，本发明通过设置中压汽包为烟气余热锅炉蒸发器供水，低压汽包为电炉汽化冷却炉盖、汽化冷却弯管烟道供水，可回收电炉炉盖余热及一次烟气余热以产生低压蒸汽和中压蒸汽；还通过在烟气余热锅炉内设置省煤器和软水加热器可提高烟气与水之间的换热温差，提高烟气降温速率，有利于抑制二噁英的合成。Adopting the above scheme, the present invention provides water supply for the evaporator of the flue gas waste heat boiler by setting the medium-pressure steam drum, and the low-pressure steam drum supplies water for the gasification cooling furnace cover of the electric furnace and the vaporization cooling elbow flue, so that the waste heat of the electric furnace cover and primary flue gas waste heat can be recovered. To produce low-pressure steam and medium-pressure steam; also by installing an economizer and a soft water heater in the flue gas waste heat boiler, the heat exchange temperature difference between the flue gas and water can be increased, and the cooling rate of the flue gas can be increased, which is beneficial to the suppression of dioxins Synthesis.
下面详细地阐述下本发明的电炉余热回收系统的工作原理，包括如下：The working principle of the electric furnace waste heat recovery system of the present invention is described in detail below, including the following:
S1：利用烟气余热锅炉5内沿烟气流动方向依次布置的蒸发器5.1、省煤器5.2和软水加热器5.3来提高烟气的降温速率，以减少烟气在二噁英合成反应温度区间的停留时间；即：S1: Utilize the evaporator 5.1, economizer 5.2 and soft water heater 5.3 arranged sequentially along the flow direction of the flue gas in the flue gas waste heat boiler 5 to increase the cooling rate of the flue gas, so as to reduce the flue gas in the dioxin synthesis reaction temperature range residence time; that is:
电炉产生的一次烟气通过四孔烟道排出，依次经过废钢预热装置2、汽化冷却弯管烟道3进入燃烧沉降室4，烟气在燃烧沉降室中可进一步燃尽同时分离大颗粒粉尘。为减少烟气二噁英的生成，需通过控制废钢预热装置中的装钢量、废钢预热时间，来调节燃烧沉降室出口烟气的温度，使之不低于900℃，从而保证烟气中的二噁英处于完全热分解状态。之后，烟气进入烟气余热锅炉5。烟气余热锅炉5内沿烟气流动方向依次布置蒸发器5.1、省煤器5.2和软水加热器5.3。高温烟气先经过蒸发器5.1，蒸发器5.1内的水温为202～223℃，烟气温度从>900℃降温至400～500℃。此时达到二噁英合成的反应温度窗口，之后烟气进入省煤器5.2，进一步降温至250～350℃达到二噁英合成的快速反应温度区间，最后烟气进入软水加热器5.3降温至170～250℃。由于省煤器5.2中平均水温比蒸发器5.1中水温低～100℃，软水加热器5.3中的平均水温比省煤器中水温低～100℃，因此可保证在烟气温度降低后各段换热器均仍有较高的换热温差，从而可进一步提高烟气的降温速率，减少烟气在二噁英合成反应温度区间的停留时间，减少二噁英的生成量。经过软水加热器5.3降温后的烟气送入除尘排烟装置6净化后排放。The primary flue gas generated by the electric furnace is discharged through the four-hole flue, and then passes through the scrap steel preheating device 2, the vaporization cooling elbow flue 3, and enters the combustion settling chamber 4, where the flue gas can be further burned up while separating large particles of dust . In order to reduce the generation of flue gas dioxins, it is necessary to adjust the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the combustion settling chamber by controlling the amount of steel loaded in the scrap steel preheating device and the scrap steel preheating time so that it is not lower than 900°C, so as to ensure that the flue gas The dioxins in the air are in a state of complete thermal decomposition. After that, the flue gas enters the flue gas waste heat boiler 5 . An evaporator 5.1, an economizer 5.2 and a soft water heater 5.3 are arranged in sequence along the flow direction of the flue gas in the flue gas waste heat boiler 5. The high-temperature flue gas first passes through the evaporator 5.1, the water temperature in the evaporator 5.1 is 202-223°C, and the temperature of the flue gas is lowered from >900°C to 400-500°C. At this time, the reaction temperature window for dioxin synthesis is reached, and then the flue gas enters the economizer 5.2, and further cools down to 250-350°C to reach the rapid reaction temperature range of dioxin synthesis, and finally the flue gas enters the soft water heater 5.3 and cools down to 170 ~250°C. Since the average water temperature in the economizer 5.2 is ~100°C lower than that in the evaporator 5.1, and the average water temperature in the soft water heater 5.3 is ~100°C lower than that in the economizer, it can be guaranteed that each section will be replaced after the flue gas temperature drops. The heaters still have a relatively high heat transfer temperature difference, which can further increase the cooling rate of the flue gas, reduce the residence time of the flue gas in the dioxin synthesis reaction temperature range, and reduce the amount of dioxin produced. The flue gas cooled by the soft water heater 5.3 is sent to the dust removal and smoke exhaust device 6 for purification and then discharged.
S2：利用软水箱7提供的软水依次经过软水加热器5.3、除氧器12、省煤器5.2后分别送入低压汽包14和中压汽包13，以使中压汽包13为烟气余热锅炉5的蒸发器5.1供水，低压汽包14为电炉汽化冷却炉盖1、汽化冷却弯管烟道3供水；即：S2: The soft water provided by the soft water tank 7 passes through the soft water heater 5.3, the deaerator 12, and the economizer 5.2, respectively, and then is respectively sent to the low-pressure steam drum 14 and the medium-pressure steam drum 13, so that the medium-pressure steam drum 13 is flue gas The evaporator 5.1 of the waste heat boiler 5 supplies water, and the low-pressure steam drum 14 supplies water for the vaporization cooling furnace cover 1 and the vaporization cooling elbow flue 3 of the electric furnace; namely:
低温(～30℃)软水通过软水箱7，由软水泵8送入软水加热器5.3升温至～80℃，软水加热器5.3出口分别连接除氧器12和软水箱7，即在除氧器12不需要补水的情况下软水在软水箱7和软水加热器5.3之间循环，有效避免了锅炉软水加热器5.3干烧损坏或软水泵的频繁启停。软水经除氧器12除氧后由给水泵9送入省煤器5.2，省煤器5.2出口分别连接中压汽包13、低压汽包14和除氧器12，即在中压汽包13或低压汽包14不需要补水的情况下，锅炉给水在除氧器12和省煤器5.2之间循环，有效避免了锅炉省煤器干烧损坏或给水泵的频繁启停。中压汽包13与蒸发器5.1相连，低压汽包14通过低压循环泵15与电炉汽化冷却炉盖1和汽化冷却弯管烟道3相连。由于电炉汽化冷却炉盖1、汽化冷却弯管烟道3烟气侧的温度较高，采用低压汽包14配以低压循环泵15，通过低压强制循环的方式回收余热更利于延长换热管使用寿命。Low-temperature (~30°C) soft water passes through the soft water tank 7, and is sent to the soft water heater 5.3 by the soft water pump 8 to heat up to ~80°C. Soft water circulates between the soft water tank 7 and the soft water heater 5.3 under the situation of not needing to replenish water, effectively avoiding the dry burning damage of the boiler soft water heater 5.3 or the frequent start and stop of the soft water pump. The soft water is sent to the economizer 5.2 by the feed water pump 9 after being deoxidized by the deaerator 12, and the outlet of the economizer 5.2 is respectively connected to the medium-pressure steam drum 13, the low-pressure steam drum 14 and the deaerator 12, that is, in the medium-pressure steam drum 13 Or when the low-pressure steam drum 14 does not need to replenish water, the boiler feed water circulates between the deaerator 12 and the economizer 5.2, which effectively avoids the dry burning damage of the boiler economizer or the frequent start and stop of the feed water pump. The medium-pressure steam drum 13 is connected with the evaporator 5.1, and the low-pressure steam drum 14 is connected with the vaporization cooling furnace cover 1 of the electric furnace and the vaporization cooling elbow flue 3 through the low-pressure circulation pump 15 . Due to the high temperature of the flue gas side of the electric furnace vaporization cooling furnace cover 1 and the vaporization cooling elbow flue 3, the use of low-pressure steam drum 14 and low-pressure circulation pump 15 is used to recover waste heat through low-pressure forced circulation, which is more conducive to extending the use of heat exchange tubes life.
S3：利用中压汽包13产生的中压蒸汽送入中压蓄热站11，待中压蒸汽稳压后送入中压蒸汽管网11.1，以供全厂生产使用；利用低压汽包14产生的低压蒸汽送入低压蓄热站10，待低压蒸汽稳压后送入低压蒸汽管网10.1，以供全厂生活使用；即：S3: The medium-pressure steam generated by the medium-pressure steam drum 13 is sent to the medium-pressure heat storage station 11, and after the pressure of the medium-pressure steam is stabilized, it is sent to the medium-pressure steam pipe network 11.1 for the production and use of the whole plant; the low-pressure steam drum 14 is used The generated low-pressure steam is sent to the low-pressure heat storage station 10, and after the pressure of the low-pressure steam is stabilized, it is sent to the low-pressure steam pipe network 10.1 for the daily use of the whole plant; namely:
中压汽包13和低压汽包14产生的蒸汽分别送入中压蓄热站11和低压蓄热站10，蒸汽通过蓄热站稳压后，中压蒸汽送入中压蒸汽管网11.1，可供全厂生产使用(如精炼抽真空等)。低压蒸汽首先通过阀门Ⅵf送入除氧器12，用于补水除氧加热，其余供入低压蒸汽管网10.1，供全厂生活使用。The steam generated by the medium-pressure steam drum 13 and the low-pressure steam drum 14 is sent to the medium-pressure heat storage station 11 and the low-pressure heat storage station 10 respectively. It can be used in the production of the whole plant (such as refining and vacuuming, etc.). The low-pressure steam is first sent to the deaerator 12 through the valve VIf for replenishing water and deoxygenating for heating, and the rest is fed into the low-pressure steam pipe network 10.1 for the daily use of the whole plant.
总的说来，本发明通过设置低压汽包，保证了高温段(包括炉盖和汽化冷却弯管烟道)受热管的安全运行，低压汽包和高压汽包共用一套除氧及补水装置可减少系统的投资。通过设置低压汽包和中压汽包，实现了能量的梯级利用，中压蒸汽用于生产、低压蒸汽可用于除氧及全厂生活。在烟气余热锅炉内设置省煤器和软水加热器可实现电炉一次烟气余热的充分利用，并且也提高了烟气侧与水侧的换热温差进而提高烟气降温速率，减少二噁英的生成。In general, the present invention ensures the safe operation of the heating tube in the high-temperature section (including the furnace cover and vaporization cooling elbow flue) by setting the low-pressure steam drum. The low-pressure steam drum and the high-pressure steam drum share a set of deoxygenation and water replenishment devices System investment can be reduced. By setting up the low-pressure steam drum and the medium-pressure steam drum, the cascade utilization of energy is realized. The medium-pressure steam is used for production, and the low-pressure steam can be used for oxygen removal and life of the whole plant. Installing an economizer and a soft water heater in the flue gas waste heat boiler can realize the full utilization of the waste heat of the primary flue gas of the electric furnace, and also increase the heat exchange temperature difference between the flue gas side and the water side, thereby increasing the flue gas cooling rate and reducing dioxins generation.
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution, should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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| CN117232274A (en) * | 2023-09-14 | 2023-12-15 | 北京首钢国际工程技术有限公司 | Waste heat recovery device for dry dedusting of converter gas |
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