CN107593214A - 一种脐橙种植区优化水肥供应、防止水土流失的方法 - Google Patents
一种脐橙种植区优化水肥供应、防止水土流失的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107593214A CN107593214A CN201710727543.7A CN201710727543A CN107593214A CN 107593214 A CN107593214 A CN 107593214A CN 201710727543 A CN201710727543 A CN 201710727543A CN 107593214 A CN107593214 A CN 107593214A
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- fescue grass
- rattail fescue
- navel orange
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NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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Abstract
一种赣南脐橙种植区优化水肥供应、防止水土流失的方法，属于山林生态环境保护领域。包括：（1）土壤改造；（2）去除杂草；（3）播种；（4）镇压；（5）水肥管理；（6）追基肥；（7）修剪；（8）追肥；（9）第二次修剪。本发明通过脐橙树下种植鼠茅草，可以有效抑制果园的杂草生长，保水保湿，腐烂后可代替人工深耕的效果，其水肥需求旺盛期与脐橙错开，在优化脐橙水肥供应的同时还可有效防治水土流失，改善了脐橙果园果品品质。本发明实施方便，优化水肥供应、防水土流失效果显著。
Description
一种脐橙种植区优化水肥供应、防止水土流失的方法
技术领域
[0001]本发明属于山林生态环境保护领域，特别是涉及赣南脐橙种植区优化水肥供应且 防止水土流失的方法。
背景技术
[0002]脐橙是国际上高品味水果之一，俗有“相桔之王”的美称。在国内外柑桔市场中，因 其品质优、外观好、香气怡人、货架时间长，具有较高经济价值和广阔开发前景，从而具有极 强的市场竞争力。赣南气候温暖，雨水充沛，无霜期长，昼夜温差大，具有得天独厚的气候资 源优势，非常适宜脐橙生长。
[0003]随着果业的发展，在果园开发时追求大面积种植，工程措施的不规范、园面裸露、 忽视地力培育使得目前赣南地区果园种植区水土流失现象较为严重。据资料显示，赣南脐 橙园水土流失面积高达10.975万hm2,占赣州市耕地面积（32.727万hm2 )的33.54%，其中： 轻度流失面积占脐橙园水土流失面积的53 • 92%、中度占33 • 62%、强度流失占12.46%。水土流 失导致土层变薄、养分流失，此外，还容易造成塌方等自然灾害。
[0004]目前，赣南地E脐橙果园防治水土流失的方法主要是生物措施。生物措施是在果 园台地边坡上种植植水保混合草，草种选取百喜草、马塘等耐旱、根系发达、生长量大的植 物与禾本科、豆科等草种按比例种植。脐橙从春季萌芽到4月下旬的生理活动所消耗的养 分，主要是利用上一年树体中积累的贮藏养分。6月中旬后是脐橙树由消耗树体贮存养分转 移到以根系吸收新的养分消耗的关键时期，是脐橙树新陈代谢最为旺盛的时期，果实膨大 需要消耗掉大量的水分和养分，这期间要求有充足的养分来源，所以应加强肥水管理。由于 大多数草种与脐橙的生长周期相似，6月份后许多草类植物也进入生长最旺盛的季节，导致 草类与脐橙争水争肥。为了保证脐橙对水肥的需求，农户大多将树下草类全部去除，在多雨 季节，树下裸露的植被导致水土流失严重。
发明内容
[0005] 本发明的目的在于提供一种脐橙种植区保障脐橙生长水肥供应的同时，防止水土 流失的方法，通过在脐橙树行间种植一种与脐橙生长周期差异互补的绿肥植物，在防止水 土流失的同时，当脐橙对水肥需求最旺盛时，绿肥植物凋亡、腐烂后还可以增加土壤对脐橙 养分的供给，以更好地保障水肥的供应。鼠茅草的幼苗像麦苗一样可经历寒冬，3-5月份生 长旺盛，6月份下旬将连同根系一并枯死，与脐橙的水肥需求期互补，基本上没有竞争，枯草 厚度达7厘米左右可在地面形成如同针叶编织的草毯，可有效防止水土流失;其密集的根系 一般深达30-60厘米，无论是生长期还是枯死腐烂后，都有效地保持土壤透气性并防止地面 水涝;散落的草种秋后又可萌发生长。因此，在脐橙树下种植鼠茅草，在优化脐橙水肥供应 的同时，能够有效地防止水土流失。
[0006] 本发明通过以下技术方案实现。
[0007] 本发明所述的一种脐橙种植区优化水肥供应、防止水土流失的方法，包括以下步 骤。
[0008] (1) 土壌改造:在研橙树下并远禹树干不少于10cm的区域确定为鼠茅草种植区，将 石灰混入鼠茅草种植区使其pH在5.5-6 • 5范围，往鼠茅草种植区饶水使其相对含水量65%-85%。
[0009] (2)去除杂草:中耕鼠茅草种植区以去除水花生和多年生宿根类杂草。
[0010] (3)播种:首年10月上旬，在鼠茅草种植区地表向下I0cm处播种鼠茅草种子，每亩 播种种子1.5kg-2.0kg。
[0011] (4)镇压:采用标准圆筒形镇压器镇压土壤，使土壤紧实度达到丨.14-丨.26g/ml，让 鼠茅草种子接地气，有利于生根发芽。
[0012] (5)水肥管理:对于种植两个月后的鼠茅草幼苗，通过浇水使得鼠茅草种植区的相 对含水重保持在65%-85%，以促进鼠矛草的生长。
[0013] (6)追基肥:首年10月下旬，施加尿素150-250kg/hm2和普钙300-400kg/hm2。
[0014] (7)修剪:次年3月初，于鼠茅草早春萌芽前，从鼠茅草植株基部将地上部分平茬， 平茬后茎叶部分自然掉落在土壤，增加土壤肥力。
[0015] (8)追肥:次年3-4月份，于脐橙树浇水前，每亩鼠茅草种植区施加尿素100—2〇〇kg/ hm2,以补充氮肥。
[0016] (9)第二次修剪:次年5月下旬，第二次平茬修剪鼠茅草，使鼠茅草剩5_7cm高，锯掉 部分任其掉落在土壤腐烂。
[0017]本发明的有益效果：（1)鼠茅草是繁殖能力很强的植物，对杂草的抑制率达90%以 上，果树行间种植鼠茅草，可以有效抑制果园中其他杂草的生长，避免了物理除草也杜绝了 化学除草剂的使用。（2)鼠茅草耐寒不耐旱，在冬季其他植被枯死条件下，鼠茅草可以提高 土壤毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度，促进土壤团粒结构的形成，对蓄水和养分的保存有良好 作用。梅雨季节来临时，鼠茅草生长周期刚好达到最为茂盛的阶段，可以有效防治表层土壤 被雨水冲蚀，实现显著的保水土效果。（3)鼠茅草会在脐橙结果之前枯死，枯死在果园的鼠 茅草覆盖在地面上，有效避免地面被太阳曝晒，保持了土壤水分。死亡植株经发酵与分解 后，可以补充土壤有机质，改善土壤理化性质，为脐橙树结果提供肥力，改善果品品质。
具体实施方式
[0018]本发明将通过以下实施例作进一步说明。
[0019]本实施例以赣南脐橙种植区优化水肥供应、防止水土流失为例。也适应于其它脐 橙种植区优化水肥供应、防止水土流失的解决方案。
[0020] —种脐橙种植区优化水肥供应、防止水土流失的方法，包括以下步骤。
[0021] (1)土壤改造:在脐橙树下并远离树干不少于10cm的区域确定为鼠茅草种植区，将 石灰混入鼠茅草种植区使其pH在5 • 5-6 •5范围，往鼠茅草种植区浇水使其相对含水量65%— 85%，使土壤适宜耕种。
[0022] ⑵去除杂草:中耕鼠茅草种植区以去除水花生和多年生宿根类杂草，整平整细地 面。去除杂草有助于播种新的植株，避开杂草发芽期，以减少杂草危害。
[0023] ⑶播种:首年10月上旬，在鼠茅草种植区地表向下10cm处播种鼠茅草种子，每亩 播种种子2 • 0kg。鼠茅草是繁殖能力很强的植物，对杂草的抑制率达go%以上，果树行间种植 鼠茅草，可以有效抑制果园中其他杂草的生长。
[0024] (4)镇压：采用标准圆筒形镇压器镇压鼠茅草种植区土壤，使土壤紧实度达到 1 • 14-1 • 26g/ml，让鼠茅草种子接地气，有利于生根发芽。
[0025] (5)水肥管理:对于种植两个月后的鼠茅草幼苗，通过浇水使得鼠茅草种植区的相 对含水量保持在65%-85%，以促进鼠茅草的生长。种植后第一次浇水要浇透，对于种植不久 的幼苗，水分管理尤为重要。
[0026] ⑹追基肥:首年10月下旬，向鼠茅草种植区提供氮肥和钙肥，即施加尿素200kg/ hm2和普钙300kg/hm2。随着其他杂草的枯死，鼠茅草幼苗可以提高土壤毛管孔隙度和非毛管 孔隙度，促进土壤团粒结构的形成，对蓄水和养分的保存有良好作用。
[0027] (7)修剪:次年3月初，鼠茅草萌发至地面上部5-6cm，将鼠茅草植株基部将地上部 分平茬，平茬后茎叶部分自然掉落在土壤，增加土壤肥力，有助于鼠茅草种植区内植株的生 长。
[0028] (8)追肥:次年4月上旬，于脐橙树浇水前，每亩鼠茅草种植区施加尿素i5〇kg/hm2， 以补充氮肥。梅雨季节来临时，鼠茅草生长周期刚好达到最为茂盛的阶段，可以有效防治表 层土壤被雨水冲蚀，实现显著的保水土效果。
[0029] (9)第二次修剪:次年5月下旬，鼠茅草经过其旺盛的生长期，对其进行第二次平茬 修剪，使鼠茅草剩5-7cm高，锯掉部分任其掉落在土壤腐烂。死亡植株经发酵与分解后，可以 补充土壤有机质，改善土壤理化性质，为脐橙树结果提供肥力，改善果品品质。
[0030] 6月下旬，鼠茅草联通根系一并枯死，枯草厚度达7厘米左右，地面形成如同针叶编 织的草毯，可有效应对南方此时的梅雨季节，显著防止水土的流失。
Claims (1)
1.一种脐橙种植区优化水肥供应、防止水土流失的方法，其特征是包括以下步骤： (1) 土壤改造:在脐橙树下并远离树干不少于l〇cm的区域确定为鼠茅草种植区，将石灰 混入鼠茅草种植区使其pH在5.5-6.5范围，往鼠茅草种植区浇水使其相对含水量65%—85%; (2) 去除杂草:中耕鼠茅草种植区以去除水花生和多年生宿根类杂草； ’ (3) 播种:首年10月上旬，在鼠茅草种植区地表向下10cm处播种鼠茅草种子，每亩播种 种子 1.5kg_2.0kg; (4) 镇压:采用标准圆筒形镇压器镇压土壤，使土壤紧实度达到1.14-1.26g/ml，让鼠茅 草种子接地气，有利于生根发芽； (5) 水肥管理:对于种植两个月后的鼠茅草幼苗，通过浇水使得鼠茅草种植区的相对含 水量保持在65%-85%，以促进鼠茅草的生长； (6) 追基肥:首年10月下旬，施加尿素150-250kg/hm2和普钙300-400kg/hm2; (7) 修剪:次年3月初，于鼠茅草早春萌芽前，从鼠茅草植株基部将地上部分平茬，平茬 后茎叶部分自然掉落在土壤，增加土壤肥力； (8) 追肥:次年3-4月份，于脐橙树浇水前，每亩鼠茅草种植区施加尿素i〇〇-2〇〇kg/hm2， 以补充氮肥； ⑼第二次修剪:次年5月下旬，第二次平茬修剪鼠茅草，使鼠茅草剩5—了⑽高，锯掉部分 任其掉落在土壤腐烂。
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