CN107590319B - Knowledge modeling method and system for auxiliary design of mechanical product scheme - Google Patents
Knowledge modeling method and system for auxiliary design of mechanical product scheme Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a knowledge modeling method and a knowledge modeling system for auxiliary design of a mechanical product scheme, wherein the method comprises the following steps: firstly, modeling of overall function scheme design knowledge, establishing a function-scheme template tree knowledge model and a function scheme design instance model, then establishing a function or scheme design module, establishing association with the function-scheme template tree, establishing a scheme test rule for testing the reasonability of the function scheme design model and parameters, combining the design modules in a reconfigurable module flow or task flow mode, establishing a scheme design flow model, and realizing the guide function of automatic transmission of parameter values and a design process; the system comprises a function scheme auxiliary design module, a module flow auxiliary design module, a task flow auxiliary design module, a design module control module and a system main control module; the invention can reduce the difficulty of knowledge modeling and provides a reusable knowledge modeling method and a corresponding auxiliary design system which accord with the thinking habits of engineers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of computer aided design, and particularly relates to a knowledge modeling method and a knowledge modeling system for aided design of a mechanical product scheme.
Background
At present, enterprises basically realize automation of engineering drawing, but the automation degree in the aspect of design and analysis of mechanical product schemes is very low, and a great deal of experience of engineers is still relied on. In view of this, a knowledge engineering (KBE) -based product design technique is created, which aims to store and reuse product design knowledge of enterprises and automate some tedious and repetitive work in the product design process, thereby improving the design efficiency and quality of products. In order to build a product design-aided design system that meets the design requirements of a certain (or some kind of) product, a knowledge model of the design of the product design needs to be built first. The knowledge modeling is to convert design information existing outside into a knowledge model which can be used by a product scheme aided design system according to a certain method.
The solution design of mechanical products generally comprises two main links: the first step is to design a function scheme, determine the function and the overall scheme of the system, and determine the function and the summary scheme of a subsystem and parts; the second link is to perform detailed scheme design respectively for the formed subsystems and parts on the basis of the summary schemes of the system and parts according to certain design flow steps, determine detailed design schemes and parameters, and generate a general layout, a main scheme sketch and the like. The knowledge model of the solution design should contain the main design processes of these two links. The current mechanical product scheme design knowledge modeling method has the following problems:
(1) the existing universal knowledge modeling methods such as Ontology mainly focus on the relationship among concept attributes, a knowledge model is complex, the difficulty and workload of knowledge modeling are high when the method is used in the field of product scheme design, the process knowledge of product scheme design is not easy to express, and the method is not easy to be understood by mechanical engineers.
(2) The traditional knowledge modeling method lacks the relation between the concept design knowledge of the functional scheme and the detailed scheme design process knowledge, thereby causing the consistency problem of the knowledge model and increasing the workload of knowledge modeling.
(3) The scheme design process knowledge model is narrow in application range, is usually only suitable for a few models of products, is often packaged in a scheme design system, is difficult to adjust and modify by a user, and is difficult to reuse for scheme design of new models of products.
The technical problems at present need to adopt a reusable knowledge modeling method which accords with thinking habits of mechanical engineers, can simplify scheme design knowledge modeling work, reduce difficulty and workload of knowledge modeling, and can meet requirements of main links of scheme design of mechanical products, thereby forming a product scheme auxiliary design system which accords with design requirements of certain (or certain) products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a knowledge modeling method and a knowledge modeling system for auxiliary design of a mechanical product scheme, so as to solve the problems of difficulty and large workload of knowledge modeling of the existing method.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a knowledge modeling method for mechanical product scheme aided design comprises the following steps:
extracting corresponding function and scheme nodes layer by layer from the top layer of the function-scheme template tree according to the function and design scheme composition of the specific model product to form a function scheme design example model of the specific model product;
establishing functional scheme design example models of different models of products according to the method to form a functional scheme example library;
step 3, establishing a design module for detailed design analysis of functions or schemes, establishing association with the function-scheme template tree, and perfecting an association parameter table of the design module;
step 4, establishing a scheme inspection rule for inspecting the reasonability of the design model and the parameters of the specific product functional scheme to form a scheme inspection rule base;
selecting corresponding functions and schemes from all functions and schemes in the function-scheme template tree, respectively using the functions and schemes as objects in the premises and the conclusions, and specifying whether the functions or schemes in the premises and the conclusions exist or specifying a comparison relation between the associated parameters of the functions or schemes and known values, and establishing different scheme inspection rules according to the method to form a scheme inspection rule base;
step 5, combining all design modules in a module flow or task flow mode, and establishing a product scheme design flow model for realizing the transmission of parameter values among all modules and the guidance of a design process;
for the design modules with mutual dependency relationship, combining the design modules in a module flow form to establish the relation among the modules; for the design modules with strict precedence relationship, the design tasks needing to be executed in sequence are defined in the form of task flows.
A system for auxiliary design of mechanical product schemes comprises a functional scheme auxiliary design module, a module flow auxiliary design module, a task flow auxiliary design module, a design module control module and a system main control module;
the function scheme auxiliary design module comprises a function scheme auxiliary design and evaluation submodule and a function scheme design knowledge modeling submodule:
the function scheme auxiliary design and evaluation submodule is used for assisting a product designer to complete the concept design of a mechanical product function scheme, recommending a concept design scheme, and checking and evaluating a function scheme design model established by the designer; the functional scheme design knowledge modeling submodule has a visual modeling function of functional scheme design knowledge and is used for establishing a functional scheme design knowledge model of a certain product;
the module process auxiliary design module comprises a module process auxiliary design and parameter analysis submodule and a module process modeling submodule:
the module process aided design and parameter analysis submodule is used for assisting a product designer to gradually complete the detailed scheme design of each design module, automatically transmitting parameter values according to the process and executing the design module so as to quickly check the influence of the change of the design parameter values on each function and scheme; the module process modeling submodule has a visual design process modeling function and adopts a flow chart form to establish a module process of specific product scheme design;
the task flow aided design module comprises a task flow aided design guide submodule and a task flow modeling submodule:
the task flow aided design guide submodule is used for assisting a product designer to gradually complete detailed scheme design of each design module in sequence, guiding the scheme design process in a guide mode and automatically transmitting shared design parameter values in sequence; the task flow modeling submodule has a visual task flow modeling function and assists knowledge modeling personnel in establishing a task flow model;
the design module control module is used for calling a user-defined design module, transmitting design parameters with a user-defined design module program and accessing and operating an associated parameter table of the design module, thereby realizing synchronous update of parameter values in the associated parameter table and the design module.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) the modeling method combines the 'function-scheme template tree' knowledge model, the 'function scheme design example model' and the 'scheme inspection rule' to form the function scheme design knowledge modeling method which accords with the thinking habit of mechanical engineers, reduces the modeling difficulty of scheme design knowledge and improves the reusability of the concept design knowledge model.
(2) The design module adopting the functions and the schemes is associated with the nodes of the 'function-scheme template tree', the relation between the concept design knowledge model of the function schemes and the detailed scheme design knowledge model is established, and the problem of consistency of the knowledge models is solved.
(3) The reusable design modules are combined in the form of a module flow and a task flow so as to facilitate modeling and reusing of design process knowledge, solve the problem of narrow application range of a scheme design process knowledge model, and form a design process knowledge modeling method which accords with the design characteristics of mechanical product schemes.
(4) The scheme aided design system based on the knowledge modeling method can quickly and effectively acquire the recommended design scheme, check the reasonability of the design scheme, evaluate the quality of the design scheme, and provide the functions of guiding the scheme design process and automatically transferring parameters.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the general steps of the knowledge modeling method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a function-solution template tree knowledge model for overall function solution design.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a design knowledge model of a crank press design using a function-solution template tree.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an example design model of a functional solution for a specific model of product.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of two embodiments of a design module.
FIG. 6 is a data relational model diagram of a design module, an associated parameter table, and a functional solution template tree.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a design flow model built in the form of a modular flow.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the system for mechanical product scheme aided design of the invention.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a similar example retrieval approach based on a function plan example library.
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of the verification and evaluation of a functional solution design model using solution verification rules and axiom design methods.
FIG. 11 is a recursive process in which a module flow control program automatically executes a design module and passes parameter values.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the working principle and working mode of the task flow.
FIG. 13 is an embodiment of solution-aided design for a system for mechanical product solution-aided design.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of illustrating the technical solutions and technical objects of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
With reference to fig. 1, a knowledge modeling method for mechanical product project aided design of the present invention includes the following steps:
In conjunction with fig. 2, a "function-solution template tree" is established to express the relationship between various functions and design solutions of a certain type of product, the names of the functions or related solutions of the product are represented by a node on the tree, and the function-solution template tree is a collection of the functions and corresponding design solutions of a certain type (or a certain type) of product. The root node of the tree is the name of a certain product or a certain product, then, the sub-nodes of all layers are alternately expanded according to the form of a layer of function nodes and a layer of scheme nodes, the sub-nodes at the lower layer of the function nodes represent design schemes which affect the function, and the sub-nodes at the lower layer of the scheme nodes represent the functions which can be realized by the scheme. The lowest level node of the tree is the solution node, and the function or solution node allows duplication. The function and the scheme are according to the principle of layer-by-layer decomposition from top to bottom: the functional nodes at the lower layer of the tree are sub-functional nodes decomposed by the functional nodes at the upper layer; the solution nodes at the lower level of the tree are sub-solution nodes that are decomposed by the upper-level solution nodes.
Probability values (namely, influence probability values) that the design scheme can meet the requirements of upper-layer functions are defined in each scheme node and serve as a basis for recommending the design scheme. The influence probability value is a decimal between 0 and 1, and the determination principle is as follows: if the superior function has a plurality of scheme sub-nodes, but only one scheme can be selected from the scheme as the scheme for realizing the superior function, the probability values of the scheme sub-nodes are all 1; if the scheme is one of a plurality of necessary design schemes for realizing the superior function, the probability value is the weight of the influence degree of the scheme on the superior function, and the weight value can be determined by adopting an expert scoring method or an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and is compared with other sub-schemes at the same level in pairs to obtain the weight value.
Each function or scheme node may be associated with a design module for detailed function and scheme design; each node having a design module has an associated parameter table for storing design parameters for a function or a solution. The process of establishing the association parameter table is as in step 3.
The function-solution template tree knowledge model is a basis for product function solution model selection, fig. 3 is an embodiment of an open crank press design knowledge model built by using the function-solution template tree, and the specific steps of function-solution template tree modeling are explained according to the embodiment as follows:
the specific steps of the function-scheme template tree modeling are as follows:
1.1, the name of the designed product (such as open crank press) is represented by the root node of the function-scheme template tree;
1.2, adding sub-function nodes under name nodes of the product according to functions of the product, wherein each sub-function node represents a function name (such as a slider reciprocating function) of the product; specifying associated parameters (e.g., slider travel) for the function node as needed, typically design requirement parameters for the function;
1.3, adding a sub-scheme node under each function node, wherein each sub-scheme node represents a design scheme name which has an influence on the function and comprises a design scheme capable of realizing the function;
for example, the balance function can adopt a spring type balance device or a pneumatic balance device, so that the balance function node at least comprises two scheme nodes of the spring type balance device and the pneumatic balance device;
specifying a name for the design associated with the design parameter as needed;
meanwhile, the influence probability value of the design scheme which can meet the function requirement of the superior node is appointed; for example, for a pneumatic balancing device solution, the associated parameters may be specified: balancing force;
meanwhile, the influence probability value of the design scheme which can meet the function requirement of the superior node is appointed; for example, the balancing function can be realized by one of two schemes of a spring type balancing device or a pneumatic balancing device, and the influence probability values of the two schemes are both 1; the stroke adjusting device, the crank shaft and the connecting rod have influence on the superior stroke adjusting function, and the three schemes are valued according to the weight of the influence degree on the stroke adjusting function, and the weight value can be obtained by comparing the importance degrees in an expert scoring method or an AHP analytic hierarchy process in pairs.
1.4, adding sub-function nodes under the scheme node created in the step 1.3, wherein each sub-function node represents a function name which can be realized by the scheme, and appointing the name of the associated parameter for the function node according to the requirement;
1.5, repeating the steps 1.3 to 1.4 until the creation of all the functions and scheme nodes is completed;
the design modules and parameters associated with the nodes in FIG. 3 will be determined in step 4;
the degree of refinement of the function-solution template tree knowledge model is related to the requirements of solution design, the knowledge model is extensible, and new child nodes can be added under each function or solution node.
And 2, extracting corresponding functions and scheme nodes from the function-scheme template tree, establishing a function scheme design example model of a specific product, and forming a function scheme example library.
With reference to fig. 4, the function plan design model for a specific product is a subset of the function-plan template tree, the function plan design instance model is a basis for function plan type selection and instance inference, and the establishment method is as follows: starting from the top layer of the function-scheme template tree, extracting corresponding function and scheme nodes layer by layer according to the function and design scheme composition of a specific model product to form a function scheme design example model of the specific model product, and requiring that at least one node is extracted from each layer.
And establishing functional scheme design example models of different models of products according to the method to form a functional scheme example library.
A particular product is typically a particular model of product designed (e.g., a model of 100 ton open crank press). The function plan design example model of FIG. 4 is a subset of the function-plan template tree of FIG. 2.
And 3, establishing a design module for detailed design analysis of the function or the scheme, establishing association with the function-scheme template tree, and perfecting an association parameter table of the design module.
In this embodiment, the design module is used to design the functions and schemes in the function-scheme template tree in detail, and determine the main design scheme parameters and the function-related parameters. The design module is a sub-process for performing detailed design on a certain function or scheme on the function-scheme template tree.
The specific steps for establishing the design module are as follows:
and 3.1, selecting nodes needing detailed schemes and function design from the function-scheme template tree created in the step 1 according to the requirement of the design refinement degree of the product scheme to form a node list to be designed, wherein the node requirement in the list is not repeated.
3.2, aiming at each scheme or function node in the node list to be designed, determining a detailed design analysis process of the scheme or function, and finding out design requirement parameters and design result parameters in the design analysis process.
For the scheme of the guide rail in fig. 3, a design process such as the type selection of the guide rail and the determination of main dimension parameters of the guide rail is required, for a detailed scheme design analysis process of the guide rail, design requirement parameters are nominal pressure, main structural dimension parameters of the slide block and the like, and design result parameters are the type and the main dimension of the guide rail.
And 3.3, creating corresponding design modules for the detailed design analysis process of the functions or the schemes, wherein each design module obtains the value of the design result parameter according to the value of the design requirement parameter.
There may be two specific implementations of the "design module" of a function or scheme, which are now exemplified as follows:
a) adopting an electronic form as a design module, adopting the electronic form to establish a calculation formula in a detailed scheme design process, completing a conventional scheme parameter design calculation function, respectively storing design requirement parameters, design result parameters and a scheme design calculation formula in the design module into corresponding cells of the electronic form, replacing the design parameters in the formula by the addresses of the cells or the names of the cells, and automatically updating the content in an associated parameter table according to the output result of the cells of the electronic form, as shown in fig. 5;
b) for complex design analysis or knowledge processing processes such as scheme selection reasoning, numerical calculation, parametric drawing and the like, a high-level language is adopted to write a design analysis or knowledge processing program, and the contents in the associated parameter table can be automatically updated according to the output result of the design module program, as shown in fig. 5.
3.4, storing the design requirement parameters and the design result parameters in each design module into an associated parameter table of the design module, wherein the content of the associated parameter table at least comprises the following steps: parameter name, parameter value, parameter type (input/output), and module ID (for association with the design module).
And 3.5, appointing a corresponding design module for the function or the scheme in the node list to be designed, thereby establishing the association between the design module and the function-scheme template tree.
As shown in FIG. 6, each node in the function-solution template tree may be associated with a design module, and each design module may have an associated parameter table, such that each node in the function-solution template tree may be associated with an associated parameter table.
Step 4, establishing a scheme inspection rule for inspecting the reasonability of the design model and the parameters of the specific product functional scheme to form a scheme inspection rule base;
in this embodiment, a scheme checking rule is used to check whether the design results of the functional schemes and parameters meet the requirements, the objects to be checked are all functions and schemes in the function-scheme template tree, and the associated parameters of the functions and schemes can also be checked. The scheme inspection rule consists of two parts, namely a rule precondition and a conclusion, wherein the precondition and the conclusion respectively have two expression forms: one expression is the presence or absence of one or more objects (i.e., functions or protocols) in a premise or conclusion, and the other expression is a comparison of function or protocol parameter values. The expression of the protocol checking rules is as follows:
table 1 expression of protocol checking rules
The two expression profiles of the above preconditions and conclusions can be combined arbitrarily, so that the protocol test rules have a total of four expression profiles.
The method for creating the scheme check rule is as follows:
and selecting corresponding functions and schemes from the set of all the functions and schemes in the function-scheme template tree to be used as objects in the premises and the conclusions respectively, and specifying whether the functions or the schemes in the premises and the conclusions exist or not or specifying the comparison relation between the associated parameters of the functions or the schemes and known values.
The rule of the first expression form can be used for checking whether the design model of the functional scheme is reasonable, and when the precondition or conclusion of the rule adopts the second expression form, the rule can be used for checking whether the scheme parameter is reasonable.
And establishing different scheme inspection rules according to the method to form a scheme inspection rule base.
The following examples are given to illustrate the first expression form and the second expression form, respectively:
the rule expressing the form one can be used to check whether the design model of the functional solution is reasonable, and an example of a solution check rule for checking the reasonability of the design solution is as follows:
rule premise: the scheme of the crankshaft type crank block mechanism OR the scheme of the crankshaft exists (yes);
and (4) rule conclusion: the "stroke adjustment means" scheme exists (no);
the meaning is as follows: if a "crankshaft crank-slider mechanism" or "crankshaft" is present, then a "stroke adjustment device" should not be present.
When the precondition or conclusion of the rule adopts the second expression form, the method can be used for checking whether the scheme parameters are reasonable, in order to check the reasonability of the design parameters, the parameter values of the functions or the schemes need to be compared and judged, and the scheme with the design parameters meeting the requirements of the rule is a qualified scheme, so that at least one of the precondition or conclusion of the scheme check rule needs to adopt the second expression form (comparison of the parameter values of the functions or the schemes). The scheme checking rule is a rule judgment according to parameter values in the association parameter table.
An example of a recipe check rule to check the rationality of design parameters is as follows:
rule premise: "nominal pressure" parameter of "open crank press" is >160
And (4) rule conclusion: the "balance function" exists (is);
the meaning is as follows: if the "nominal pressure" parameter of the "open crank press" is greater than 160 (tons), then there should be a "balance function" in the functional solution design model.
Step 5, combining all design modules in a module flow or task flow mode, and establishing a product scheme design flow model for realizing the transmission of parameter values among all modules and the guidance of a design process;
in the computer aided design process of a product scheme, a designer usually performs design analysis on the overall scheme and component parts of a mechanical product step by step according to a certain design flow, the design flow usually comprises a series of sub-processes, the sub-processes have interdependency and parameter transmission relations, and the execution of the sub-processes also has a sequence. As depicted in step 4, the present invention has defined these sub-processes as reusable design modules, each of which is associated with a function or solution node in the function-solution template tree. For example, in fig. 3, the "guide rail design module" requires a parameter design result of the "slider design module", and therefore, the design result parameter of the "slider design module" needs to be transferred to the "guide rail design module".
The invention divides the flow of the scheme auxiliary design into two forms of module flow and task flow according to the difference of the relation between design modules and the parameter transmission mode:
for the design modules with mutual dependency relationship, combining the design modules in a module flow form to establish the relation among the modules; for the design modules with strict precedence relationship, the design tasks needing to be executed in sequence are defined in the form of task flows.
(1) The technical characteristics of the module flow are as follows:
a scheme design flow comprises a series of reusable design modules which are executed in sequence, each design module comprises predefined input and output parameters, and parameter transmission and association relations exist among the design modules. Each design module can have input parameters from one or more modules and can also output parameter values to one or more modules; certain design blocks in the block flow are allowed to recur.
The module process defines the execution process and the sequence of each design module, and also defines the parameter data transmission mode, the transmission condition and the inspection rule of the module process of each module, and the definition mode is as follows:
i) each design module has an associated parameter table, and the parameter in the table is designated as an input parameter or an output parameter through a parameter type field. The data relationship model is shown in fig. 6.
Ii) in the module process, each design module has 0-N input source attributes and output target attributes (N is more than or equal to 1) for representing the transmission direction of the design parameters; the values of each input source attribute are respectively different source modules of the design parameter, and the values of each output target attribute are different output target modules of the design parameter.
For example, as shown in fig. 7, "design module a" has two attributes of "output target 1" and "output target 2", and the attribute values thereof are "design module B" and "design module C", respectively, and design module a does not have an "input source" attribute.
Iii) each output target attribute of the design module has a data transfer state for determining whether to transfer the design parameter value to the designated output target module, the data transfer state having two values: true (transmission), false (not transmission).
For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the "output object 1" attribute of "design module A" has a "data transfer status" indicating whether or not to pass the output parameter to the module specified by "output object 1" (i.e., design module B).
Iv) each output target attribute of the design module may define a transmission condition, the transmission condition being a logical expression for determining whether the value of the design parameter satisfies the data transmission condition, and the data transmission status value of the output target being true when the value of the design parameter satisfies the condition of the logical expression.
For example, as shown in fig. 7, the "output target 1" attribute of "design module a" has a "transfer condition", and assuming that the design module is built in the form of a spreadsheet, the value of the transfer condition is a cell address C5, a logical expression is defined in a cell C5, and when the return value of the cell is True, the value of the output parameter is passed to the specified output target module (i.e., design module B).
V) in the module process, the module process rule defines the transmission criterion of the module data so as to be convenient for checking the established design process, the module process which does not meet the rule can not run, the expression mode of the module process rule is whether a certain module exists in the premise or the conclusion, and the specific expression mode is as follows:
● design Module: the name of a certain design module;
● design whether a module exists: yes/no (alternative);
and (4) rule conclusion:
● output Source (or output destination): the name of a certain design module;
● outputs whether the source (or output target) is present: yes/no (alternative);
an example of a module flow rule for checking whether "module flow" is reasonable is as follows:
rule premise: the "slider design module" exists (is);
and (4) rule conclusion: the output target "guide rail design module" exists (yes);
the meaning is as follows: if a "slider design module" is present, one output target of the module should be a "guideway design module".
The specific steps of establishing the scheme design flow by adopting the modeling method of the module flow are as follows:
a.1, selecting required modules from all design modules associated with the function-scheme template tree nodes to form a set (grouping) of design modules for establishing a module flow of specific product scheme design;
a.2, aiming at each design module, selecting parameters needing to be transmitted from an associated parameter table of the design module, and respectively specifying the parameters input into the module and the parameters output from the module; since the parameters in the associated parameter table have already been determined in step 3, only the type of parameter (input or output parameter) needs to be specified here.
a.3, aiming at the modules in the module group established in the step a.1, establishing module flow rules to form a module flow rule base, wherein the module flow rules are used for detecting the modules in the group;
a.4, establishing a module flow designed by the product scheme according to the general flow designed by the product scheme, and using the module flow as a template of the design flow of the product scheme;
the specific implementation method comprises the following steps: and (2) assigning 0-N input sources and output targets (N is more than or equal to 1) for each design module, assigning transmission conditions if parameter values need to be transmitted according to conditions for each output target, and when the transmission conditions are established, setting the value of the data transmission state to be true.
For example, the design of the open crank press has a general flow path, and a "module flow path" suitable for the product can be established as a template of the design flow path, however, for different models of presses, the "design module" included in the "module flow path" should be different due to different design schemes, and can be adjusted and modified appropriately based on the template of the design flow path. Generally, the 'open crank press overall parameter selection design module' is the 'design module' executed firstly in the 'module process', and the main function is to select the overall design requirement parameters, so that an 'input source' is not provided, and a plurality of 'output targets' are provided, namely a plurality of 'design modules', the design modules can be executed simultaneously after the overall design requirement parameters are determined, and the overall design requirement parameters of the open crank press are required to be used.
An example of conditional transmission is as follows:
assuming that an "output target" is the "pneumatic balance device design module", the "transmission condition" of the "output target" attribute is set as a logical expression for judging whether the value of the "nominal pressure" parameter is greater than 160, and if so, the output parameter value is transmitted to the "pneumatic balance device design module". The realized effect is as follows: when the nominal pressure of the press is larger than 160 tons, the output parameter value is transmitted to a pneumatic balance device design module, and the design calculation of the pneumatic balance device is carried out. By defining the "transmission conditions" of the "output target", different design solutions can be combined in one "module flow", and the flow can be selectively operated according to the conditions.
(2) The technical characteristics of the task flow are as follows:
the task flow comprises a series of design tasks with strict precedence relationship, each task corresponds to a design module, the precedence of the execution of the design tasks is numbered, and the formed design tasks are linearly connected in series. The operation of each design task in the task flow has strict sequence, and the task with the serial number before is operated first. The design modules in the respective tasks are allowed to be duplicated, and shared design parameters are defined in the design modules.
For example, the "gear design" module may be repeated multiple times in a "mission flow" with different input and output parameter values at each time.
The basic steps of establishing a scheme design flow by adopting a task flow modeling method are as follows:
b.1, creating a set of design tasks, wherein the set comprises design tasks executed in sequence, and numbering and naming each task according to the execution sequence;
b.2, assigning a design module for each design task; different tasks allow the same design module;
and b.3, selecting the shared design parameters from the associated parameter table of each design module, and adding the shared design parameters into a shared design parameter list of the task flow for the design module of the following task to use.
For example, the "open crank press global parameter selection design module" includes a "nominal pressure" design parameter, which is used in other "design modules", so that the parameter can be defined as a shared parameter and added to the shared design parameter list.
Based on the knowledge modeling method for mechanical product scheme aided design, the embodiment further provides a system for mechanical product scheme aided design, which assists product designers in carrying out scheme design of specific mechanical products, acquiring recommended design schemes, checking and evaluating the design schemes, guiding the scheme design process, and simultaneously having a visual knowledge modeling function;
with reference to fig. 8, the system employs a component-based framework structure, which includes the following functional modules: the system comprises a function scheme auxiliary design module, a module flow auxiliary design module, a task flow auxiliary design module, a design module control module and a system main control module;
the function scheme auxiliary design module comprises a function scheme auxiliary design and evaluation submodule and a function scheme design knowledge modeling submodule:
the function scheme auxiliary design and evaluation submodule is used for assisting a product designer to complete the concept design of a mechanical product function scheme, recommending a concept design scheme, and checking and evaluating a function scheme design model established by the designer;
the functional scheme design knowledge modeling submodule has a visual modeling function of functional scheme design knowledge and is used for establishing a functional scheme design knowledge model of a certain product, including establishing a function-scheme template tree, scheme inspection rules and a functional scheme design example.
In order to obtain the recommended design scheme, the functional scheme aided design and evaluation sub-module searches in the functional scheme example library by using a similar example search method, and recommends a corresponding design scheme according to the product function selected by the user to form a functional scheme design model of a specific product as shown in fig. 4. FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a similar example retrieval method based on a function scheme example library, and a specific implementation manner of the system for example retrieval and design proposal recommendation is as follows:
traversing all scheme nodes from a root node of the function-scheme template tree, listing all function nodes under the root node or a certain scheme node k for a user to select, forming a function requirement node set Ck (namely, a function set required by design) of the node k according to the selection of the user, then carrying out similarity retrieval from a function scheme example library, sequencing the examples according to similarity, and finding out the example which is most similar to the node set Ck.
Wherein, the calculation formula of the similarity is as follows:
SMk＝num_Sk/num_Ck
SMk: similarity of the design examples and the functions of the design requirements under the node k;
num _ Sk: the number of design instances and design requirements that are the same under node k;
num _ Ck: the number of functions required for the design of node k;
for each functional node s in Ck, if the node s exists under the node k of the similar example, the scheme node under the functional node s of the most similar example is taken as a recommended scheme node, and is ranked according to the influence probability value of the node, and other scheme nodes are taken as candidate scheme nodes, so that the scheme for realizing the function is similar if the function requirements are similar; if the node s does not exist under the node k of the similar example, all scheme nodes under the node s in the function-scheme template tree are sequenced according to the influence probability values, and the recommended schemes are output according to the sequence from the large influence probability values to the small influence probability values. And selecting by the user on the basis of the recommended scheme node, and finally determining a scheme node set Dk under the functional node s.
Recursion is performed as above, traversing each solution node in the function-solution template tree. The function scheme aided design and evaluation submodule recommends a design scheme layer by layer from a root node of the function-scheme template tree according to the function selected by a user and guides a designer step by step to establish a function-scheme tree (namely a function scheme design model) of a specific product in a man-machine interaction mode.
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of the verification and evaluation of a functional solution design model using solution verification rules and axiom design methods. According to a function scheme design model of a specific product established by a designer, a system firstly checks whether the function scheme design model conforms to each rule in a scheme check rule base, then obtains functions and scheme nodes of each layer to form a function-scheme matrix, and adopts a method in axiom design to carry out consistency check on the function-scheme matrix, if the function-scheme matrix passes the rule check and the consistency check, the function-scheme matrix is evaluated by adopting the axiom design method to judge whether the function-scheme matrix is a coupling matrix, if the function-scheme matrix passes the axiom design method, a function or a method causing coupling is found out, and meanwhile, a suggestion for deleting or adjusting the function or the scheme is given; if the function-scheme matrix is a diagonal matrix, an upper triangular matrix or a lower triangular matrix, the information amount of the matrix is calculated by adopting a method in the axiom design (the scheme with large information amount is better), and the evaluation result of the design scheme is output. For a reasonable design solution, the system will form a list of design modules in the order of the output solution nodes for subsequent creation of a design flow model and a refined solution design for each module.
The module process auxiliary design module comprises a module process auxiliary design and parameter analysis submodule and a module process modeling submodule:
the module process aided design and parameter analysis submodule is used for assisting a product designer to gradually complete the detailed scheme design of each design module, automatically transmitting parameter values according to the process and executing the design module so as to quickly check the influence of the change of the design parameter values on each function and scheme;
the module process modeling submodule has a visual design process modeling function and adopts a flow chart form to establish a module process of specific product scheme design.
The flow aided design and parameter analysis submodule adopts recursive algorithm to automatically complete the transmission of variable values between the design modules, automatically operates the design modules and transmits the operation results of the output parameters to the output target modules.
FIG. 11 is a recursive process for a module flow control program to automatically execute a design module and pass parameter values, according to the following embodiments:
firstly, checking whether the current design flow meets the rule requirements by adopting established module flow rules, checking the design modules in the current module flow by using each module flow rule in a rule base, starting a recursion process from each initial design module (namely, a module without an input source) if the design modules pass the check of the rules, opening and operating program components or electronic forms related to the design modules at the background, and then reading the output results of the design modules and updating the related parameter tables of the design modules; if the output target of the current design module exists and meets the predefined transmission condition, the output parameter value of the current design module is transferred to each output target module, then the next level of recursion is entered for each output target module (i.e. each output target module is continuously operated and the output parameter value is transmitted), and the above process is repeated until each design module has no output target.
The technical effect of the automatic execution of the module flow is as follows: when the design parameters of a certain design module are changed, the relevant design parameters of other relevant modules can be automatically changed by operating a module flow control program. The module flow control program can selectively pass output parameters and operate the output target module according to predefined transmission conditions.
The working mode of the module flow aided design module is as follows: knowledge modeling personnel adopt a module flow modeling submodule to establish a module group in advance, the module group comprises a reconfigurable design module designed by a certain (or a certain type) product scheme, a template of the scheme design flow can be established in advance, and scheme design personnel can add necessary design modules from the module group to the design flow and recombine or adjust the design flow according to the design requirement of a specific product; scheme designers adopt a module flow aided design and parameter analysis submodule to carry out detailed scheme design on each design module, and change the parameters of a certain design module and run a module flow control program so as to quickly check the influence of the change of design parameter values on each function and scheme.
The task flow aided design module comprises a task flow aided design guide submodule and a task flow modeling submodule:
the task flow aided design guide submodule is used for assisting a product designer to gradually complete detailed scheme design of each design module in sequence, guiding the scheme design process in a guide mode and automatically transmitting shared design parameter values in sequence;
the task flow modeling submodule has a visual task flow modeling function and assists knowledge modeling personnel in building a task flow model.
An important feature of the task flow aided design guide submodule is that: the task flow control program guides designers to gradually complete the design tasks of all the design modules in sequence through the predefined task flows; when jumping from the former task to the latter task, the shared parameter value of the design module of the former task can be automatically transferred to the design module of the latter task. For example, assume that there is a shared design parameter named a in the previous task: if the parameter a is present again in the design module of the following task, its default value is also 30.
The working principle and the mode of the task flow control process are shown in fig. 12. After a design task is completed (for example, a design module is opened and detailed scheme design analysis and other operations are completed), the values of the shared design parameters are automatically submitted to a work storage area (memory) and a database of a task flow, and when the next task is executed, the design module of the next task reads the shared parameter values in the work storage area or the database and directly uses the shared design parameters in the previous design module.
The design module controls the module: the system is used for calling a user-defined design module, transmitting design parameters with a user-defined design module program and accessing and operating an associated parameter table of the design module, thereby realizing synchronous update of the associated parameter table and parameter values in the design module, and has the following specific implementation mode:
the module adopts a component interface form to exchange data with a user-defined design module program, the user-defined design module program adopts a uniform interface to be called by a design module control module, design parameters in the design module are transmitted in a hash table object form, keys of the hash table are parameter names, values of the hash table are parameter values, and the user-defined design module can directly call the methods in the interfaces and access and operate contents in an associated parameter table.
The system main control module is used for calling and accessing other inherent auxiliary design modules and providing interfaces for calling and data transmission of each module.
In addition, the functional solution design knowledge model library in FIG. 8 is used to store the data of the functional-solution template tree and design modules and associated parameter tables; the embodiment library is used for storing design embodiment models of the functional schemes; the rule base is used for storing scheme inspection rules and module flow rules; and the task flow work database is used for storing design parameter data shared among the modules.
Fig. 13 is an embodiment of a scheme aided design of a system for mechanical product scheme aided design, and fig. 13 also reflects the working mode and flow of the system for mechanical product scheme aided design. The auxiliary design process based on the system is carried out in a man-machine interaction mode, and the working mode of the system is as follows: a product designer (user) firstly creates a new scheme design project of a new product, a system allocates corresponding storage space for the new scheme design project, then the function requirement of the product is selected, the system recommends a corresponding design scheme through similar instance retrieval of a function scheme instance library, the designer can modify the recommended scheme and form a function scheme design model of the new product, the system can check and evaluate the rationality and the superiority of the design scheme, and then a design module list aiming at the new product is formed. Each design module can be used for carrying out detailed scheme and parameter design, a designer can select a module flow form to combine each design module according to the execution sequence and the dependency relationship of the design modules, can also carry out adjustment and modification on the basis of the existing flow template, then carries out detailed scheme and parameter design in each design module in sequence according to the guidance of the module flow, then the system runs the module flow, automatically executes the design modules and transmits parameter values among the modules, a designer can check the influence of the change of the design parameter values on each function and scheme, and a scheme check rule is adopted for a system for the change result of the design parameter values; the designer can also choose to adopt a task flow form to adjust and modify the existing task flow template, then start a task flow guide, sequentially carry out detailed scheme and parameter design in each design module, and finally the system outputs the overall design scheme and parameters of each module and forms a design scheme report.
Claims (7)
1. A knowledge modeling method for mechanical product scheme aided design is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, modeling of the design knowledge of the overall functional scheme: decomposing a function and a design scheme aiming at a product, and developing the function and the design scheme through an alternative form of a layer of function nodes and a layer of scheme nodes to establish a hierarchical function-scheme template tree knowledge model;
step 2, extracting corresponding functions and scheme nodes from the function-scheme template tree, establishing a function scheme design example model of a specific product, and forming a function scheme example library;
extracting corresponding function and scheme nodes layer by layer from the top layer of the function-scheme template tree according to the function and design scheme composition of the specific model product to form a function scheme design example model of the specific model product;
establishing functional scheme design example models of different models of products according to the method to form a functional scheme example library;
step 3, establishing a design module for detailed design analysis of functions or schemes, establishing association with the function-scheme template tree, and perfecting an association parameter table of the design module; the method comprises the following specific steps:
3.1, according to the requirement of the design refinement degree of the product scheme, selecting nodes needing detailed scheme and function design from the function-scheme template tree created in the step 1 to form a node list to be designed;
3.2, aiming at each scheme or function node in the node list to be designed, determining a detailed design analysis process of the scheme or function, and finding out design requirement parameters and design result parameters in the design analysis process;
3.3, creating corresponding design modules for the detailed design analysis process of the functions or the schemes, wherein each design module obtains the value of the design result parameter according to the value of the design requirement parameter;
3.4, storing the design requirement parameters and the design result parameters in each established design module into an associated parameter table of the design module;
3.5, appointing a corresponding design module for the function or the scheme in the node list to be designed, thereby establishing the association between the design module and the function-scheme template tree;
step 4, establishing a scheme inspection rule for inspecting the reasonability of the design model and the parameters of the specific product functional scheme to form a scheme inspection rule base;
selecting corresponding functions and schemes from all functions and schemes in the function-scheme template tree, respectively using the functions and schemes as objects in the premises and the conclusions, and specifying whether the functions or schemes in the premises and the conclusions exist or specifying a comparison relation between the associated parameters of the functions or schemes and known values, and establishing different scheme inspection rules according to the method to form a scheme inspection rule base;
step 5, combining all design modules in a module flow or task flow mode, and establishing a product scheme design flow model for realizing the transmission of parameter values among all modules and the guidance of a design process;
for the design modules with mutual dependency relationship, combining the design modules in a module flow form to establish the relation among the modules; for the design modules with strict precedence relationship, the design tasks needing to be executed in sequence are defined in the form of task flows.
2. The knowledge modeling method for mechanical product scheme aided design according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific steps of the function-scheme template tree modeling in step 1 are as follows:
1.1, representing the name of a designed product by using a root node of a function-scheme template tree;
1.2, adding sub-function nodes under name nodes of the product according to functions of the product, wherein each sub-function node represents a function name of the product; according to the requirement, assigning the associated parameters for the functional nodes;
1.3, adding a sub-scheme node under each function node, wherein each sub-scheme node represents a design scheme name which has an influence on the function and comprises a design scheme capable of realizing the function; specifying a name for the design associated with the design parameter as needed; meanwhile, the influence probability value of the design scheme which can meet the function requirement of the superior node is appointed;
1.4, adding sub-function nodes under the scheme node created in the step 1.3, wherein each sub-function node represents a function name which can be realized by the scheme, and appointing the name of the associated parameter for the function node according to the requirement;
1.5, repeating the steps 1.3 to 1.4 until the creation of all the function and scheme nodes is completed.
3. The knowledge modeling method for aided design of mechanical product project of claim 1, wherein the expression form of project inspection rule in step 4 is as follows
Expression form one: whether one or more objects are present;
rule premise: object in the premise: function or scheme Pn; whether the object in the precondition is present: yes/no alternative; and or the conditions: the multiple AND/OR preconditions are simultaneously satisfied OR one of the preconditions is satisfied;
and (4) rule conclusion: subject in conclusion: function or scheme C1, function or scheme C2, C3, …, Cm;
whether the object in the conclusion is present: yes/no alternative;
expression form two: comparison of function or recipe parameter values;
rule premise: parameters in the premise: parameters Rn of the function or recipe Pn; and (4) comparing the signs: one is selected from more than one; comparison of values: known values, derived from design requirements or specifications; and or the conditions: the multiple AND/OR preconditions are simultaneously satisfied OR one of the preconditions is satisfied;
and (4) rule conclusion: parameters in the conclusions: parameters Rn of the function or recipe Pn;
and (4) comparing the signs: one is selected from more than one;
comparison of values: known values, derived from design requirements or specifications;
the two expression profiles of the above preconditions and conclusions can be combined arbitrarily, so that the protocol test rules have a total of four expression profiles.
4. The knowledge modeling method for mechanical product scheme aided design according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 5, the scheme aided design process is divided into two forms of module process and task process according to the difference of the relation between design modules and the transmission mode of parameters:
for the design modules with mutual dependency relationship, combining the design modules in a module flow form to establish the relation among the modules; for the design modules with strict precedence relationship, the design tasks needing to be executed in sequence are defined in the form of task flows.
5. The knowledge modeling method for mechanical product scheme aided design according to claim 4, characterized in that the modeling method adopting the module process is adopted to establish the scheme design process, and the specific steps are as follows:
a.1, selecting required modules from all design modules associated with the function-scheme template tree nodes to form a design module set;
a.2, aiming at each design module, selecting parameters needing to be transmitted from an associated parameter table of the design module, and respectively specifying the parameters input into the module and the parameters output from the module;
a.3, aiming at the modules in the module group established in the step a.1, establishing module flow rules to form a module flow rule base, wherein the module flow rules are used for detecting the modules in the group;
and a.4, establishing a module flow designed by the product scheme according to the general flow designed by the product scheme, and using the module flow as a template of the design flow of the product scheme.
6. A system for auxiliary design of mechanical product schemes is characterized by comprising a functional scheme auxiliary design module, a module flow auxiliary design module, a task flow auxiliary design module, a design module control module and a system main control module;
the function scheme auxiliary design module comprises a function scheme auxiliary design and evaluation submodule and a function scheme design knowledge modeling submodule:
the function scheme auxiliary design and evaluation submodule is used for assisting a product designer to complete the concept design of a mechanical product function scheme, recommending a concept design scheme, and checking and evaluating a function scheme design model established by the designer; the functional scheme design knowledge modeling submodule has a visual modeling function of functional scheme design knowledge and is used for establishing a functional scheme design knowledge model of a certain product;
the module process auxiliary design module comprises a module process auxiliary design and parameter analysis submodule and a module process modeling submodule:
the module process aided design and parameter analysis submodule is used for assisting a product designer to gradually complete the detailed scheme design of each design module, automatically transmitting parameter values according to the process and executing the design module so as to quickly check the influence of the change of the design parameter values on each function and scheme; the module process modeling submodule has a visual design process modeling function and adopts a flow chart form to establish a module process of specific product scheme design;
the task flow aided design module comprises a task flow aided design guide submodule and a task flow modeling submodule:
the task flow aided design guide submodule is used for assisting a product designer to gradually complete detailed scheme design of each design module in sequence, guiding the scheme design process in a guide mode and automatically transmitting shared design parameter values in sequence; the task flow modeling submodule has a visual task flow modeling function and assists knowledge modeling personnel in establishing a task flow model;
the design module controls the module: the system is used for calling the user-defined design module, transmitting design parameters with the user-defined design module program and accessing and operating the associated parameter table of the design module, thereby realizing the synchronous update of the parameter values in the associated parameter table and the design module.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the module flow control program automatically performs a recursive process of designing the module and transferring parameter values, as follows:
firstly, checking whether the current design flow meets the rule requirements by adopting established module flow rules, checking the design module in the current module flow by using each module flow rule in a rule base, starting a recursion process from each initial design module if the design module passes the check of the rules, opening and operating a program component or an electronic form related to the design module at the background, and then reading the output result of the design module and updating an associated parameter table of the design module; if the output target of the current design module exists and meets the predefined transmission condition, the output parameter value of the current design module is transferred to each output target module, then the next level of recursion is carried out for each output target module, and the above processes are repeated until each design module has no output target.
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