CN107580443B - Comprehensive cooling system of data center based on waste heat recovery and control method thereof - Google Patents
Comprehensive cooling system of data center based on waste heat recovery and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive cooling system of a data center based on waste heat recovery and a control method thereof, wherein the comprehensive cooling system comprises a waste heat recovery system, an adsorption refrigeration system, a domestic hot water system, a heating system and a natural cold source utilization system, backwater of the waste heat recovery system alternately enters a first adsorption bed and a second adsorption bed of the adsorption refrigeration system, heating and desorption are carried out, and a third adsorption bed and a fourth adsorption bed of adsorption refrigeration are alternately connected with an air treatment unit of the data center; backwater of the waste heat system is sent to the data center again to absorb heat after passing through the adsorption refrigeration, the hot water tank and the heat exchanger, and the flow entering the adsorption refrigeration unit and the hot water tank is regulated through the three-way valve; the other side of the heat exchanger is connected with a heating system and a cooling tower, and the flow entering the heating system and the cooling tower is regulated by a three-way valve. The invention can fully utilize the heat dissipation and natural cold source of the IT equipment of the data center, meets the requirements of the national construction of the green data center, and has remarkable energy-saving and emission-reducing benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat recovery and warm water cooling, and particularly relates to a comprehensive cooling system of a data center based on waste heat recovery and a control method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of information society, various large server clusters such as various internet data centers and cloud computing data centers have been developed rapidly, and the energy consumption of the data centers has also been increased rapidly. The energy consumption of the data center relates to a plurality of aspects, and the energy consumption of the air conditioning system is counted to be about one third of the total energy consumption. However, at present, the traditional air conditioning refrigeration mode adopts water cooling or air cooling to dissipate heat of IT equipment to air, thereby increasing energy consumption and polluting the environment.
The liquid cooling technology of the data center is to convey the refrigerating fluid (usually water and glycol) onto the raised floor or into the cabinet by using pipelines, and then achieve the purpose of cooling by heat exchange between wind and the refrigerating fluid. Because the specific heat of liquid is larger than that of air, the heat dissipation speed is also larger than that of air, and the refrigerating efficiency is far higher than that of air cooling heat dissipation, the liquid cooling system is a development trend of the future high-performance computing data center cooling industry. In terms of system mode, the liquid cooling system can be divided into two energy-saving modes, i.e., indirect cooling (cold plate type) and direct cooling (immersion type).
Warm water cooling technology refers to cooling an object with water having a relatively high temperature. The warm water cooling technology improves the temperature of the needed water compared with the traditional cooling mode, can further improve the efficiency of the refrigerating system, and achieves the purposes of energy saving and efficient cooling. Generally, the electronic components of the data center have a high working temperature (particularly, the working temperature of a CPU is generally 60-80 ℃), and the normal heat dissipation of the electronic components can be ensured by keeping a temperature difference of 15-20 ℃ with cooling liquid, so that the data center is cooled by using warm water.
The adsorption refrigeration technology is taken as a green refrigeration technology, and accords with the general trend of the current energy and environment coordination development. The solid adsorption refrigeration can be driven by waste heat, so that the shortage of electric power is relieved, and a large amount of low-grade heat energy is effectively utilized. In addition, the adsorption refrigeration does not adopt chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant and has no greenhouse effect, thus being an environment-friendly refrigeration mode. However, the adsorption refrigeration process is not performed continuously as in the compression refrigeration process, and the adsorption bed needs to be intermittently heated and cooled in order to ensure smooth adsorption and desorption of the adsorbent, so that the refrigeration coefficient is low and the system volume is large.
When the outdoor temperature is lower than the indoor design temperature, a certain technical means can be considered to be adopted to directly adopt outdoor low-temperature air to directly cool the indoor, and the technology is called natural cooling energy-saving technology. Natural cooling techniques are classified into air side natural cooling and water side natural cooling. The application of the natural cooling technology can not start the compressor, and meets the national energy conservation and emission reduction requirements.
The traditional single cooling mode cannot fully utilize heat dissipation of IT equipment of a data center and cannot ensure efficient and energy-saving operation of the data center, so that a comprehensive cooling system utilizing waste heat of the data center is necessary to consider.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a comprehensive cooling system of a data center based on waste heat recovery and a control method thereof, wherein the heat dissipation mode of the data center is that a warm water system takes away most of heat, and the rest part of the heat is blown to an indoor environment by a cabinet fan and is taken away by the cold output by an adsorption unit or the cold output by a heat pipe system. The system can fully utilize the waste heat and natural cold source of the data center to complete the refrigerating process.
Meanwhile, under the condition of ensuring the safe operation of the data center by combining an intelligent automatic control system, the whole system automatically realizes the needs of all parts by adopting a gradual adjustment and optimization control strategy to avoid frequent adjustment, and achieves a state similar to global optimum, thereby further saving energy.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a comprehensive cooling system of a data center based on waste heat recovery comprises a waste heat recovery system, a domestic hot water system, a natural cold source utilization system, a heating system and an adsorption refrigeration system; the waste heat recovery system and the domestic hot water system are formed by connecting a data center cabinet, a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve, a hot water tank, a plate heat exchanger and a warm water pump through pipelines;
the natural cold source utilization system consists of a separation type micro-channel heat pipe system and a cooling tower system, wherein the heat pipe system comprises an indoor unit, an air pipe, a liquid pipe, a micro-channel heat exchanger and an indoor fan and an outdoor fan; the cooling tower system is formed by connecting a cooling tower, a cooling water pump, a third three-way valve, a plate heat exchanger and a fourth three-way valve through pipelines; the heating system is connected with the cooling tower system in parallel, and the flow of the two parts is regulated through a third three-way valve and a fourth three-way valve; the adsorption refrigeration system comprises a first adsorption bed, a second adsorption bed, a first valve, a third adsorption bed, a fourth adsorption bed and a second valve, wherein a driving heat source alternately passes through the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve, chilled water alternately passes through the first stop valve, the fourth adsorption bed, the second stop valve and the third adsorption bed, is cooled, and is sent to an air treatment unit and other areas for cooling through a chilled water pump and a sixth three-way valve;
the adsorption heat and condensation heat of the adsorption refrigeration system sequentially pass through a cooling water pump, a third stop valve, a fifth stop valve, a first adsorption bed, a sixth stop valve, a seventh stop valve, a third adsorption bed, an eighth stop valve, a fourth stop valve or a third stop valve, a ninth stop valve, a fourth adsorption bed, a tenth stop valve, an eleventh stop valve, a second adsorption bed, a twelfth stop valve and a fourth stop valve to enter the cooling tower.
Further, the comprehensive cooling system for recovering the waste heat of the IT equipment of the data center is divided into air cooling and water cooling; air cooling utilizes an adsorption refrigeration system to cool indoor return air; the water cooling adopts warm water with the temperature of 55-60 ℃ to cool the CPU of the cabinet.
Further, the adsorption refrigeration system adopts backwater of 60-65 ℃ of the data center as a driving heat source to alternately heat the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed to finish continuous refrigeration.
Further, the adsorption refrigeration system is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, and the second adsorption bed and the third adsorption bed are arranged in the upper cavity; the first adsorption bed and the fourth adsorption bed are arranged in the lower cavity; the working substance pair used in the system is silica gel-water.
Further, the comprehensive cooling system for recovering the waste heat of the IT equipment of the data center utilizes the backwater of the data center to heat domestic hot water.
Further, the adsorption refrigeration system is connected with the hot water tank and the plate heat exchanger in parallel, and the flow of the hot water tank and the plate heat exchanger is regulated through the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve.
Further, when the adsorption refrigeration system is started in a transitional season, part of cold energy is used for controlling the indoor temperature of the data center, and the other part of cold energy is used for cooling other areas.
Further, the heat pipe system is a micro-channel separated heat pipe, which is opened in winter and transitional seasons and is used for controlling the indoor temperature of the data center.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a control method of a comprehensive cooling system of a data center based on waste heat recovery adopts modularized control, and utilizes indoor and outdoor temperature difference to automatically judge and switch a preferred operation mode; the temperature and pressure feedback of the adsorption unit is utilized to realize continuous refrigeration of the adsorption unit; and the temperature feedback of each loop is utilized, a gradual adjustment optimization strategy is adopted for the whole system, and the purpose of approximate global optimal control is achieved under various constraint conditions.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the cabinet of the data center adopts warm water cooling technology, so that the refrigerating efficiency is high, and the heat emitted by the cabinet is fully utilized. In summer, the data center backwater can be utilized to drive adsorption refrigeration, indoor load is borne by the adsorption refrigeration, domestic hot water and a cooling tower, and the flow entering the adsorption refrigeration, the hot water tank and the plate heat exchanger is regulated through the three-way valve according to the load, so that heat dissipation of IT equipment of the data center can be fully utilized. The adsorption system driven air handling unit is used to control indoor temperature. The difference between the transitional season operation mode and summer is that the heat pipe system is started to control the indoor temperature together with the air treatment unit, and meanwhile, the cold energy generated by the adsorption unit can be separated to be used for cooling in other areas. The heat dissipation of indoor IT equipment in winter is used for heating domestic hot water and the hot water of a radiation heating system, redundant loads are borne by a cooling tower and a heat pipe, and the heat pipe system is used for controlling indoor temperature. The invention can fully utilize the waste heat and natural cold source of the IT equipment, can convey cold energy for other areas on the premise of meeting the self load of the data center, and ensures the efficient and energy-saving operation of the data center.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive cooling system of a data center based on waste heat recovery;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the adsorption refrigeration unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a microchannel separation heat pipe system I according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a control block diagram of the intelligent control system of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a data center; 2-a cabinet; 3-an air treatment unit; 4-a microchannel heat pipe indoor unit; 5-a chilled water pump; 6-a second shut-off valve; 7-a first shut-off valve; 8-an upper cavity of the adsorption unit; 9-a cavity at the lower side of the adsorption unit; 10-a second three-way valve; 11-a first three-way valve; 12-warm water pump; 13-a hot water tank; 14-plate heat exchanger; 15-a fourth three-way valve; 16-a third three-way valve; 17-a cooling tower; 18-a cooling water pump; 19-a third stop valve; 20-a fourth shut-off valve; 21-a first adsorbent bed; 22-a second adsorbent bed; 23-a third adsorbent bed; 24-fourth adsorbent bed; 25-ninth shut-off valve; 26-a fifth shut-off valve; 27-a second valve; 28-tenth shut-off valve; 29-sixth stop valve, 30-seventh stop valve; 31-eleventh shut-off valve; 32-a first valve; 33-eighth shut-off valve; 34-twelfth shut-off valve; 35-42-a temperature sensor; 43-relative humidity sensor; 44-a fifth three-way valve; 45-sixth three-way valve.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and by means of specific embodiments.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 3 shows a comprehensive cooling system of a data center based on waste heat recovery, which comprises a waste heat recovery system, an adsorption refrigeration system, a domestic hot water system, a heating system and a natural cold source utilization system; the waste heat recovery system and the domestic hot water system are formed by connecting a data center cabinet 2, a first three-way valve 11, a second three-way valve 10, a hot water tank 13, a plate heat exchanger 14 and a warm water pump 12 through pipelines. Natural cold source utilization comprises a cooling tower system and a heat pipe system; the cooling tower system is formed by connecting a cooling tower 17, a cooling water pump 18, a third three-way valve 16, a plate heat exchanger 14 and a fourth three-way valve 15 through pipelines; the unit in the adsorption refrigeration system comprises a first adsorption bed 21, a second adsorption bed 22, a first valve 32, a third adsorption bed 23, a fourth adsorption bed 24 and a second valve 27, a driving heat source alternately passes through the first three-way valve 11 and the second three-way valve 10, chilled water alternately passes through the first stop valve 7, the fourth adsorption bed 24, the second stop valve 6 and the third adsorption bed 23, is cooled, and is sent to the air treatment unit 3 and other areas for cooling through the chilled water pump 5 and the sixth three-way valve 45. The adsorption heat and condensation heat of the adsorption refrigeration system pass through the cooling water pump 18, the third stop valve 19, the fifth stop valve 26, the first adsorption bed 21, the sixth stop valve 29, the seventh stop valve 30, the third adsorption bed 23, the eighth stop valve 33, the fourth stop valve 20 or the third stop valve 19, the ninth stop valve 25, the fourth adsorption bed 24, the tenth stop valve 28, the eleventh stop valve 31, the second adsorption bed 22, the twelfth stop valve 34, and the fourth stop valve 20 in this order, and enter the cooling tower 17. The heat pipe system consists of an indoor unit 4, an air pipe, a liquid pipe, a micro-channel heat exchanger and an indoor fan and an outdoor fan, the indoor air exchanges heat with the indoor air of the data center through the indoor unit 4, the refrigerant absorbs heat, changes phase and gasifies to absorb heat to cool the indoor air, the indoor fan blows into a space between cabinets, meanwhile, the refrigerant enters the air pipe and rises to enter the micro-channel heat exchanger to remove heat and condense into liquid, the heat is taken away by the outdoor fan, and then the refrigerant liquid flows back to the indoor unit 4 through the liquid pipe by means of gravity, so that one cycle is completed.
The indoor design temperature of the data center is generally 23-28 ℃, the outdoor temperature in summer is very high, and the available natural cold sources are few, but the data center outputs a large amount of heat which can be used for driving an adsorption refrigerating unit, and the adsorption unit, domestic hot water and a small amount of natural cold sources bear the load of the data center; a certain natural cold source is arranged outside the transition season, the adsorption type unit, domestic hot water and the natural cold source are also utilized to eliminate indoor heat, a heat pipe system is started at the same time, the indoor temperature is controlled together with the air treatment unit, and meanwhile, part of cold generated by the adsorption type unit can be separated for cooling in other areas; the outdoor natural cold source is enough in winter, the adsorption unit is not required to be started, and the data center is considered to have certain resident maintenance personnel, so that the heat of the data center is used for supplying floor radiant heating in winter, when the heat is excessive or the radiant heating system cannot bear the load, the cooling tower 17 is started, and meanwhile, the indoor temperature is controlled by the heat pipe.
1. Summer mode
In the preferred scheme, in summer, the fact that the control pressure of the data center environment is high is considered, the heat pipe system does not perform well, the adsorption unit is started to control the indoor environment, and the cooling tower system is started when necessary. The data center backwater enters the first adsorption bed 21 of the adsorption unit through the first three-way valve 11, the desorption of the backwater is heated to generate water vapor, at the moment, the first valve 32 and the second valve 27 are closed, the pressure in the first adsorption bed 21 is continuously increased until reaching the saturated pressure at the condensation temperature, the second valve 27 is opened, the water vapor is continuously desorbed under the constant pressure condition, the water vapor is condensed in the fourth adsorption bed 24, and the condensed liquid enters the third adsorption bed 23. The second valve 27 is closed, the cooling water treated by the cooling tower 17 passes through the cooling water pump 18, the third stop valve 19, the ninth stop valve 25, the tenth stop valve 28, the eleventh stop valve 31, the twelfth stop valve 34, and the fourth stop valve 20 to cool the fourth adsorbent bed 24 and the second adsorbent bed 22, and the pressure in the second adsorbent bed 22 is reduced to the saturation pressure at the evaporation temperature. The first valve 32 is opened, the liquid in the third adsorption bed 23 boils due to the sudden pressure reduction, so that evaporation refrigeration is realized, and backwater from the air treatment unit 3 enters the third adsorption bed 23 through the second stop valve 6 to be cooled, and then returns to the air treatment unit 3 through the chilled water pump 5. The gas evaporated from the third adsorption bed 23 enters the second adsorption bed 22 to be adsorbed, and the first valve 32 is closed. In order to complete continuous refrigeration, the backwater of the data center needs to be heated and desorbed from the second adsorption bed 22 through the second three-way valve 10, the first valve 32 is opened, the generated vapor enters the third adsorption bed 23 to be condensed, and the condensed liquid enters the fourth adsorption bed 24. The first valve 32 is closed, and the cooling water passes through the third shut-off valve 19, the fifth shut-off valve 26, the sixth shut-off valve 29, the seventh shut-off valve 30, the eighth shut-off valve 33, and the fourth shut-off valve 20 to cool the first adsorbent bed 21 and the third adsorbent bed 23. The second valve 27 is opened, the liquid in the fourth adsorption bed 24 boils due to the sudden pressure reduction, so that evaporation refrigeration is realized, and backwater from the air treatment unit 3 enters the fourth adsorption bed 24 through the first stop valve 7 to be cooled, and then returns to the air treatment unit 3 through the chilled water pump 5. The gas evaporated from the fourth adsorption bed 24 enters the first adsorption bed 21 to be adsorbed, and the second valve 27 is closed. If the load of the data center can be completely borne by adsorption refrigeration, the first three-way valve 11 and the second three-way valve 10 are fully opened towards AC, and backwater is sent to the cabinet for refrigeration again by the warm water pump 12 after passing through the adsorption unit; if the load of the data center needs to be borne by the adsorption refrigeration and the domestic hot water together, the first three-way valve 11 and the second three-way valve 10 are in a three-way state in the direction of ABC, one part of backwater passes through the adsorption unit, and the other part of backwater passes through the domestic hot water tank 13 and the plate heat exchanger 14 to exchange heat. The third three-way valve 16 and the fourth three-way valve 15 on the other side of the plate heat exchanger 14 are fully opened to the direction AB, and heat is discharged to the air through the cooling tower 17.
2. Transitional season mode
In the preferred scheme, the adsorption refrigerating unit and the natural cold source are adopted to jointly bear the indoor load of the data center in the transitional season, and the residual heat is utilized to heat the domestic hot water tank 13, so that the operation mode is the same as that in summer. The difference is that the heat pipe system is started, and the outdoor natural cold source and the air treatment unit 3 are utilized to jointly control the indoor temperature. Meanwhile, the cold energy generated by the adsorption unit can be separated into a part of cold energy for other data center areas through the sixth three-way valve 45.
3. Winter mode
As a preferable scheme, the heat pipe system is fully adopted to control the indoor temperature of the data center in winter, the cooling tower is used for reducing the water inflow of the warm water loop, a large amount of natural cold sources outside are fully utilized, and the adsorption unit is closed. The first three-way valve 11 and the second three-way valve 10 are fully opened towards AB, namely the adsorption refrigerating unit is closed, the third stop valve 19 and the fourth stop valve 20 are closed, and the return water of the data center is directly sent into the cabinet by the warm water pump 12 after heat exchange of the domestic hot water tank 13 and the plate heat exchanger 14. On the other side of the plate heat exchanger 14, if the radiant heating system can bear the load of the data center, the third three-way valve 16 and the fourth three-way valve 15 are fully opened to BC; if the radiation heating system and the natural cold source are needed to bear together, the third three-way valve 16 and the fourth three-way valve 15 are in a three-way state in the direction of ABC, and the flow entering the two parts is regulated according to the load.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 4, which is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, the control method is as follows:
and a detection module: the outdoor dry bulb temperature T is detected by temperature sensors 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42 respectively 1 Indoor return air temperature T 2 (1) return water temperature T 3 、T 4 (2) return water temperature T of return water 5 、T 6 (3) return water temperature T 7 、T 8 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Detecting outdoor relative humidity phi using relative humidity sensor 43 1 。
And the intelligent control module: the system control system consists of three parts: 1. a mode judging module; 2. an adsorption unit control module; 3. and (5) operating a control module. The specific control is as follows:
step A:
the first part is a mode judging module which is used for judging whether the outdoor natural cold source is enough for the data center or not, so that the related valve is controlled, and different operation modes are selected. The specific control method comprises the following steps: obtaining the outdoor dry bulb temperature T through a detection module 1 Outdoor relative humidity phi 1 Calculating the outdoor wet bulb temperature T by using linearization calculation s1 The specific calculation formula is as follows:
the saidIs at relative humidity phi 1 Fitting the correlation fitting coefficients based on a standard database least square methodIs a data of (a) a data of (b).
a1、T s1 ＞T 2 -5, selecting summer mode, namely mode 1 in specific embodiment 1, and transmitting mode signals s1=1 to the next control module, wherein the fourth three-way valve 15 and the third three-way valve 16 are conducted in the direction AB, the direction C is not conducted, the warm water pump 12 is started, the cooling water pump 18 and the chilled water pump 5 are started, and the third stop valve 19 and the fourth stop valve 20 are started;
a2、10＜T s1 ＜T 2 -5, selecting the transition season mode, i.e. mode 2 in embodiment 1, and transmitting to the next control module mode signal S 2 The fourth three-way valve 15 and the third three-way valve 16 are conducted in the direction AB, the direction C is not conducted, the warm water pump 12, the cooling water pump 18 and the chilled water pump 5 are started, and the third stop valve 19 and the fourth stop valve 20 are opened;
a3、T s1 < 10, selecting winter mode, i.e. mode in embodiment 1, 3, and transmitting the next control module mode signal S 3 The fourth three-way valve 15 and the third three-way valve 16 are turned on in the ABC direction, the warm water pump 12 and the cooling water pump 18 are turned on, the chilled water pump 5 is turned off, and the third stop valve 19 and the fourth stop valve 20 are turned on.
And (B) step (B):
the second part is an adsorption unit control module, and the adsorption unit control module mainly considers the adsorption refrigeration characteristic and needs to switch the adsorption bed to achieve the purpose of continuously outputting cold. The specific control method comprises the following steps: obtaining the temperature T of the water supply and return of the loop (2) through a measuring module 5 、T 6 Obtaining a mode signal S through the previous step, if S 3 If=1, the following actions are skipped, step C is entered, otherwise the following steps are executed: calculation of DeltaT 1 ＝|T 5 -T 6 I, when DeltaT is detected 1 <At 1 ℃, switching to another adsorption bed, and specifically controlling the actions:
b1, the third adsorption bed 23 outputs cold energy: the first three-way valve 11 is switched on (1) to the AC direction, the loop water enters the first adsorption bed 21, the second three-way valve 10 is closed, the ninth stop valve 25, the tenth stop valve 28, the eleventh stop valve 31 and the twelfth stop valve 34 are opened, and the fifth stop valve 26, the sixth stop valve 29, the seventh stop valve 30 and the eighth stop valve 33 are closed in the interior of the figure 2;
b2, the fourth adsorption bed 24 outputs cold energy: the second three-way valve 10 is turned on (1) to AC, the loop water enters the second adsorption bed 22, the first three-way valve 11 is closed, the fifth stop valve 26, the sixth stop valve 29, the seventh stop valve 30 and the eighth stop valve 33 are opened, and the ninth stop valve 25, the tenth stop valve 28, the eleventh stop valve 31 and the twelfth stop valve 34 are closed in fig. 2.
The second valve 27 and the first valve 32 are pressure switches, the feedback signals are the pressure signals of the first adsorption bed 21, the fourth adsorption bed 24, the second adsorption bed 22 and the third adsorption bed 23 respectively, and the pressure signals are adjusted by experiments, so that the control system does not set the pressure signals.
Step C:
the third part is an operation control module, which is based on the previous control, and takes the complexity of the system into consideration, so as to avoid frequent switching of the system, and adopts an intelligent step-by-step optimization control. The specific control method comprises the following steps:
c1, summer mode: the outdoor temperature is higher than the indoor temperature in summer, or the temperature difference is too small, the heat pipe system does not perform well, and the natural cold source utilization system mainly starts the cooling tower. The adsorption refrigeration unit is turned on and the heat pipe system is turned off. First, the second three-way valve 10 or the first three-way valve 11 (switched by the second part control system) is AC conductive, and B is non-conductive; then the temperature T of return water supplied by the loop is fed back (1) through the detection module 3 And T 4 Calculating DeltaT 2 ＝|T 3 -T 4 I, if T 2 Smooth, deltaT 2 The temperature is more than or equal to 6 ℃, the fourth three-way valve 15 and the third three-way valve 16 are closed, and the cooling water pump 18 is adjusted to the design flow V s The following steps are skipped to keep the current control strategy adjusted step by step:
(1) The temperature T of return water supplied by the loop is fed back (2) through the detection module 5 、T 6 (3) Loop Cooling Water inflow temperature T 7 And calculates the required hot water volume V of the adsorption unit:
COP＝a+bθ
the theta refers to the temperature coefficient of the adsorption unit, a and b are least squares fitting coefficients based on experimental data, the COP refers to the refrigeration coefficient of the adsorption unit, the ratio of the obtained cold energy to the required heat energy, and V 2 Is (2) the design flow of the loop.
The second three-way valve 10 or the first three-way valve 11 is communicated to the AB, and the opening degree of the three-way valve is adjusted to ensure that the flow in the AC direction is V.
(2) Continuous feedback (1) of return water supply temperature T 3 And T 4 Calculating DeltaT 2 ＝|T 3 -T 4 I, ensure DeltaT 2 ＝|T 3 -T 4 The flow of the cooling water pump 18 is regulated by a PID controller through the frequency of the cooling water pump 18, wherein the temperature is between 5 and 7 ℃;
c2, transition season mode: the external natural cold source can be directly utilized in the transitional season, and the external natural cold source is utilized through the heat pipe and the cooling tower, so that the adsorption refrigerating unit is started, and the heat pipe system is started. Wherein, chilled water loop (2) of adsorption refrigerating unit output switches on a part to ABC through sixth three-way valve 45, fifth three-way valve 44 and supplies cold for other regions of data center, other operation control is as follows, adopts gradual adjustment control strategy:
(1) And calculating the hot water volume V required by the adsorption unit, controlling the adsorption unit in a summer mode like c1, leading the adsorption unit to the AB through the second three-way valve 10 or the first three-way valve 11, adjusting the opening of the three-way valve, and ensuring that the flow in the AC direction is V.
(2) Continuous feedback (1) of return water supply temperature T 3 And T 4 Calculating DeltaT 2 ＝|T 3 -T 4 I, ensure DeltaT 2 ＝|T 3 -T 4 The flow of the cooling tower 17, namely the flow of the cooling water pump 18, is controlled by a PID controller; continuously feeding back indoor return air temperature T 2 And controlling the flow of the outdoor fan of the air cooling heat pipe by using a PID controller.
c3, winter mode: the heat pipe system is started in winter to control the temperature in the machine room, the adsorption unit is closed, and the heat is generatedControl of the tube cooling tower section is the same as c2. The winter mode is to apply the heat of the data room to the floor radiant heating, and the surplus part is taken away by using a natural cold source of the cooling tower 17. Taking the comfort of maintenance personnel into consideration, acquiring the ground temperature T of an area needing heating s In order to avoid frequent adjustment of the opening degree caused by the adjustment of the cooling water pump 18, a certain temperature space is reserved, and the PID controller is used for control, and the control strategy is as follows:
(1)24℃≤T s the opening degree of the fourth three-way valve 15 and the third three-way valve 16 is kept at the temperature of less than or equal to 26 ℃;
(2)T s the flow rate of the fourth three-way valve 15 and the third three-way valve 16B is increased at the temperature of less than 24 ℃, namely the opening of the fourth three-way valve 15 and the opening of the third three-way valve 16 are regulated;
(3)T s and reducing the flow rate of the fourth three-way valve 15 and the third three-way valve 16B at the temperature of more than 26 ℃, namely adjusting the opening of the fourth three-way valve 15 and the opening of the third three-way valve 16.
When the system is in winter mode, if the system is in a cold region and the water in winter can be frozen, the return water temperature T of the loop is monitored (3) at the same time 8 For example T 8 <2 ℃ and T 8 The falling rate is high, and then an antifreezing measure of the cooling tower needs to be started.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a data center integrated cooling system based on waste heat recovery, includes waste heat recovery system, life hot water system, natural cold source utilization system, heating system and adsorption refrigerating system, its characterized in that:
the waste heat recovery system and the domestic hot water system are formed by connecting a data center cabinet (2), a first three-way valve (11), a second three-way valve (10), a hot water tank (13), a plate heat exchanger (14) and a warm water pump (12) through pipelines;
the natural cold source utilization system consists of a separation type micro-channel heat pipe system and a cooling tower system, wherein the heat pipe system comprises an indoor unit (4), an air pipe, a liquid pipe, a micro-channel heat exchanger and an indoor fan and an outdoor fan; the cooling tower system is formed by connecting a cooling tower (17), a cooling water pump (18), a third three-way valve (16), a plate heat exchanger (14) and a fourth three-way valve (15) through pipelines;
the heating system is connected with the cooling tower system in parallel, and the flow of the two parts is regulated through a third three-way valve (16) and a fourth three-way valve (15);
the adsorption refrigeration system comprises a first adsorption bed (21), a second adsorption bed (22), a first valve (32), a third adsorption bed (23), a fourth adsorption bed (24) and a second valve (27), wherein a driving heat source alternately passes through the first three-way valve (11) and the second three-way valve (10), chilled water alternately passes through the first stop valve (7), the fourth adsorption bed (24) and the second stop valve (6), and the third adsorption bed (23) is cooled and then is sent to an air treatment unit (3) and other areas for cooling through a chilled water pump (5) and a sixth three-way valve (45);
the adsorption heat and condensation heat of the adsorption refrigeration system sequentially pass through a cooling water pump (18), a third stop valve (19), a fifth stop valve (26), a first adsorption bed (21), a sixth stop valve (29), a seventh stop valve (30), a third adsorption bed (23), an eighth stop valve (33), a fourth stop valve (20) or a third stop valve (19), a ninth stop valve (25), a fourth adsorption bed (24), a tenth stop valve (28), an eleventh stop valve (31), a second adsorption bed (22), a twelfth stop valve (34) and a fourth stop valve (20) to enter a cooling tower (17);
the cooling system is divided into air cooling and water cooling, wherein the air cooling utilizes an adsorption refrigerating system and a micro-channel heat pipe system to cool indoor return air; the water cooling adopts warm water with the temperature of 55-60 ℃ to cool the CPU of the cabinet;
the adsorption refrigeration system adopts backwater of 60-65 ℃ of a data center as a driving heat source, and alternately heats the first adsorption bed (21) and the second adsorption bed (22) to finish continuous refrigeration.
2. The waste heat recovery based data center integrated cooling system of claim 1, wherein: the machine components of the adsorption refrigeration system are an upper cavity (8) and a lower cavity (9), and a second adsorption bed (22) and a third adsorption bed (23) are arranged in the upper cavity (8); the first adsorption bed (21) and the fourth adsorption bed (24) are arranged in the lower side cavity (9); the working substance pair used in the system is silica gel-water, and the minimum driving temperature is 55 ℃.
3. The waste heat recovery based data center integrated cooling system of claim 1, wherein: and heating domestic hot water by using backwater of the data center.
4. The waste heat recovery based data center integrated cooling system of claim 1, wherein: the adsorption refrigeration system is connected with the hot water tank and the plate heat exchanger in parallel, and the flow of the two parts is regulated through a first three-way valve (11) and a second three-way valve (10).
5. The waste heat recovery based data center integrated cooling system of claim 1, wherein: when the adsorption refrigeration system is started in a transitional season, a part of cold energy is used for controlling the indoor temperature of the data center, a part of cold energy is used for cooling other areas, and the flow is regulated through a fifth three-way valve (44) and a sixth three-way valve (45).
6. The waste heat recovery based data center integrated cooling system of claim 1, wherein: the heat pipe system is a micro-channel separated heat pipe, is opened in winter and transitional seasons, and is used for controlling the indoor temperature of the data center.
7. A control method of a comprehensive cooling system of a data center based on waste heat recovery as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the optimal operation mode is automatically judged and switched by using the indoor and outdoor temperature difference by adopting modularized control; the temperature and pressure feedback of the adsorption unit is utilized to realize continuous refrigeration of the adsorption unit; and the temperature feedback of each loop is utilized, a gradual adjustment optimization strategy is adopted for the whole system, and the purpose of approximate global optimal control is achieved under various constraint conditions.
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