CN107572928B - Sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107572928B CN107572928B CN201710924445.2A CN201710924445A CN107572928B CN 107572928 B CN107572928 B CN 107572928B CN 201710924445 A CN201710924445 A CN 201710924445A CN 107572928 B CN107572928 B CN 107572928B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-70% of waste mud, 5-25% of coarse sand, 5-25% of silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide and 10-30% of cement; the waste mud is sludge or/and sludge; the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is one or a mixture of more of fly ash, fine coal slag, slag powder or coal gangue. The sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick has the advantages of good water permeability, high breaking strength, good wear resistance and strong freeze-thaw resistance, and can be used as a novel paving material for sponge city construction; and the sludge/sludge is used as the main material, so that the waste utilization is realized, the current situations of low comprehensive utilization rate and environmental pollution of the sludge/sludge are solved, and the problem of shortage of new materials in sponge cities is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sludge environment-friendly water permeable bricks, in particular to a sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick and a preparation method thereof.
Background
A large amount of sludge or sludge is generated in the cleaning and renovating process of riverways, water channels and lakes, wherein the sludge or sludge contains a large amount of heavy metals, bacteria or organic pollutants, the secondary pollution to soil, underground water and air is easily caused due to improper treatment, and the problems of river and ocean pollution, generated stacked pollutant diffusion, natural land waste and the like can be caused due to ocean dumping, stacking and airing and nearby burying of common sludge/sludge treatment methods.
Brick blocks are paved on modern urban pedestrian roads to maintain attractiveness and smoothness, clay sintered bricks are paved at present and have poor water permeability, so that rainwater can be completely blocked from supplementing underground water during rainfall to cause continuous ground settlement, and rainwater cannot be smoothly drained during rainfall to easily cause urban waterlogging.
Chinese patent application CN201610977625.2 discloses a method for manufacturing an environment-friendly water permeable brick, which adopts sludge of a sewage plant as a main component, and adopts a secondary sintering process when the sludge of the sewage plant is treated, wherein firstly, half of the sludge is sintered, and then the other half of the sludge is respectively added into the preparation of green bricks in the form of fine powder, and through secondary sintering, a layer-by-layer through hole structure can be formed to improve the water permeability. Although the method is environment-friendly, the brick has long firing time and high energy consumption, and the prepared brick has unstable performance and is easy to crack or fall off in the using process.
The existing water permeable bricks prepared from sludge/sludge have the problems of long time consumption, unstable product weight, difficulty in meeting the requirements on water permeability, breaking strength, wear resistance and freeze-thaw resistance, immature production process, long processing time, high energy consumption, unstable product performance and the like, so that further deep research on the preparation of the water permeable bricks from the sludge/sludge is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick with simple raw material composition and low cost and the preparation method thereof, the water permeable brick is prepared by solidifying the sludge or/and the sludge by using a special curing agent and forming good gradation by using coarse sand, silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide and stone powder, has the characteristics of good water permeability, high compressive strength, good wear resistance, strong freeze-thaw resistance and the like, realizes the resource utilization of the sludge and the sludge in rivers and lakes, changes waste into valuable and protects the environment; meanwhile, the brick making process is improved, high-temperature sintering or steam pressing is not needed, and bricks can be made only at normal temperature, so that the production energy consumption is reduced, and the stability of products is ensured.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-70% of waste mud, 5-25% of coarse sand, 5-25% of silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide and 10-30% of cement; the waste mud is sludge or/and sludge; the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is one or a mixture of more of fly ash, fine coal slag, slag powder or coal gangue.
The sludge or/and the sludge and the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide are used as main raw materials, and the raw materials are low in price, can be obtained locally, are changed into valuable materials, protect the environment, greatly reduce the production cost and improve the production benefit; coarse sand is matched in the sludge or/and the sludge and the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide, so that the grain sizes of the raw materials are matched, the skeleton of the finished product is ensured to be uniform and have a good pore structure, and the breaking strength of the finished product brick can be further optimized by repeatedly optimizing and adjusting the proportion of the raw materials; the cement is added into the raw materials, so that the plasticity of the mixed raw materials can be adjusted, the stirring forming processing is convenient, and the internal uniformity, the water permeability, the breaking strength, the wear resistance and the freeze-thaw resistance of the green bricks and the finished bricks can be improved. In addition, the addition of the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide can improve the surface gloss and the fire resistance and heat insulation of the product, and the fly ash, the fine coal slag or the slag powder can react with acidic substances in the sludge/sludge to achieve the effects of adjusting acidity, sterilizing and deodorizing, so that the stability of the product is improved.
Preferably, the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50-60% of waste mud, 10-20% of coarse sand, 10-20% of silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide and 15-25% of cement.
Preferably, the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50% of waste mud, 15% of coarse sand, 15% of silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide and 20% of cement.
As further optimization of the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick, the water content of the waste sludge is not more than 15% after being treated by a special curing agent, and then the waste sludge is subjected to filter pressing, drying and double-roller grinding and is sieved by a 50-mesh sieve to obtain sludge powder; the content of chitosan in the special curing agent is 2-8%. When the sludge/silt is adopted as the raw material to prepare the water permeable brick, the sludge/silt is required to be pretreated, but the pretreatment process of most sludge/silt is very complicated, and the finished brick which can be used before leaving factory can be prepared only by adding additives such as deodorization, sterilization and the like into the raw material of the treated water permeable brick, the invention adopts the chitosan-containing curing agent to carry out pretreatment on the sludge/silt, can effectively adsorb heavy metal, destroy microbial structure and hydrolyze organic pollutants, can eliminate the odor while reducing pollution, is beneficial to curing the product at room temperature and improving the stability of the product, the raw materials of the invention do not need to be added with additives such as deodorization, sterilization and the like, the production efficiency is improved, the production cost is reduced, the heavy metal in the prepared permeable brick is hardly leached, the permeable brick does not harm human bodies, and the environmental protection performance is further enhanced.
Preferably, the water content of the waste mud is 4-6 wt% after being treated by a special curing agent.
As further optimization of the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick, the grain size of the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is less than or equal to 1 mm.
As a further optimization of the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick, the particle size of more than 80% of the coarse sand particles is 1-2 mm.
As further optimization of the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick, the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is prepared by mixing fly ash, fine coal slag, slag powder and coal gangue in a proportion of 4: 2: 1: 1 by weight ratio.
Through the selection of the particle sizes of the waste mud, the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide and the coarse sand, the raw materials can form good aggregate gradation in the preparation process of the raw materials of the water permeable brick, and the water permeability of the water permeable brick is further improved while the physical performance of the water permeable brick is ensured.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick, which comprises the following steps: sequentially metering all the raw materials in a stirring container according to the weight percentage; II, adding 2-20% of water, and stirring the mixed material; III, pressing and forming the mixture by an oil press; IV, curing the formed green bricks for 12-48 h at normal temperature; and V, performing water spraying maintenance for 5-10 days to obtain the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick. The invention has simple and efficient process, can be cured within 48h at room temperature, has the curing time of less than 10 days, and has stable performance of the final product brick.
As an optimization of the preparation method of the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick, the brick blank is maintained for 24 hours at normal temperature and then maintained for 7 days by spraying water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the method has the advantages of simple raw materials, low price, production cost saving, in-situ sludge/sludge taking, waste changing, no environmental pollution, realization of resource utilization of the sludge/sludge, solving of the current situations of low comprehensive utilization rate of the sludge/sludge and environmental pollution, and providing an effective disposal mode for disposal of the sludge/sludge and waste earthwork of urban construction projects; (2) the invention has reasonable raw material collocation and proportion, takes silt or/and sludge, silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide as main raw materials, collocates coarse sand and cement to ensure that the product has high forming speed and uniform interior, improves the water permeability, the breaking strength, the wear resistance and the freeze-thaw resistance of the finished brick, can lighten urban drainage and flood control pressure, has good effect on preventing pollution of public water areas and treating sewage, ensures that no water is accumulated on roads, and can be used as a novel paving material for sponge city construction; (3) the method adopts the chitosan-containing curing agent to carry out pretreatment on the sludge/silt, so that heavy metal can be effectively adsorbed, the microbial structure can be destroyed, organic pollutants can be hydrolyzed, the pollution is reduced, simultaneously, the odor can be eliminated, the room-temperature curing of the product is facilitated, the stability of the product is improved, additives such as deodorization, sterilization and the like do not need to be added into the raw materials, the production efficiency is improved, the production cost is reduced, the prepared water permeable brick hardly has heavy metal leaching, does not cause harm to human bodies, and is more environment-friendly and reliable; (4) the invention has the advantages of high curing speed at room temperature, water addition curing at room temperature, no need of heating and pressurizing, simple production process, low energy consumption and stable product weight.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
As a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the water permeable brick described in the following examples and comparative examples comprises the following steps: sequentially metering all the raw materials in a stirring container according to the weight percentage; II, adding 2-20% of water, and stirring the mixed material; III, pressing and forming the mixture by an oil press; IV, curing the formed green bricks for 12-48 h at normal temperature; and V, performing water spraying maintenance for 5-10 days to obtain the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick.
The inventors found that the adjustment within the parameters defined in the above preparation method has little influence on the efficacy of the water permeable brick obtained by the preparation, and thus the above method is a preferred preparation method of the present invention.
The process of the present invention will be further described below by taking specific examples of the conditions for carrying out the process.
Example 1
The sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 70% of waste mud, 10% of coarse sand, 5% of silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide and 15% of cement; the waste sludge is sludge and sludge, wherein the ratio of sludge to sludge is 2: 1 by weight ratio; the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is prepared by mixing fly ash, fine coal slag and slag powder in a proportion of 2: 0.5: 1 by weight ratio.
The water content of the sludge and the sludge after being treated by the special curing agent is 12 wt%, and then the sludge and the sludge are filtered, dried and milled by a pair of rollers and then pass through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain sludge powder; the special curing agent is a mixture of expansive soil, polypropylene fibers, ferric trichloride, cement, chitosan and quick lime, wherein the content of the chitosan is 5%.
The grain size of the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is less than or equal to 1 mm.
The particle size of more than 80% of the coarse sand particles is 1-2 mm.
The preparation method of the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick comprises the following steps: sequentially metering all the raw materials in a stirring container according to the weight percentage; II, adding 5% of water and stirring the mixed materials; III, pressing and forming the mixture by an oil press; IV, curing the formed green bricks for 36 hours at normal temperature; and V, performing water spraying maintenance for 10 days to obtain the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick.
Example 2
The sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60% of waste mud, 5% of coarse sand, 5% of silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide and 30% of cement; the waste mud is sludge; the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is prepared by mixing fly ash and fine coal slag in a weight ratio of (2: 1 by weight ratio.
The waste mud is treated by a special curing agent to have the water content of 4 wt%, and is subjected to filter pressing, drying and double-roller grinding and then is sieved by a 50-mesh sieve to obtain mud powder; the content of chitosan in the special curing agent is 3%.
The grain size of the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is less than or equal to 1 mm.
The particle size of more than 80% of the coarse sand particles is 1-2 mm.
The preparation method of the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick comprises the following steps: sequentially metering all the raw materials in a stirring container according to the weight percentage; II, adding 15% of water and stirring the mixed materials; III, pressing and forming the mixture by an oil press; IV, curing the formed green brick for 48 hours at normal temperature; and V, performing water spraying maintenance for 8 days to obtain the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick.
The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50% of waste mud, 15% of coarse sand, 15% of silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide and 20% of cement; the waste mud is sludge; the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is prepared from fly ash, fine coal slag, slag powder and coal gangue by mixing the following raw materials in percentage by weight 4: 2: 1: 1 by weight ratio.
The waste mud is treated by a special curing agent, the water content is 5 wt%, and then the waste mud is subjected to filter pressing, drying and double-roller grinding and is sieved by a 50-mesh sieve to obtain mud powder; the content of chitosan in the special curing agent is 2%.
The grain size of the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is less than or equal to 1 mm.
The particle size of more than 80% of the coarse sand particles is 1-2 mm.
The preparation method of the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick comprises the following steps: sequentially metering all the raw materials in a stirring container according to the weight percentage; II, adding 20% of water and stirring the mixed materials; III, pressing and forming the mixture by an oil press; IV, curing the formed green bricks for 24 hours at normal temperature; and V, performing water spraying maintenance for 7 days to obtain the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick.
The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50% of waste mud, 15% of coarse sand, 15% of silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide and 20% of cement; the waste mud is sludge; the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is prepared from fly ash, fine coal slag, slag powder and coal gangue by mixing the following raw materials in percentage by weight 4: 2: 1: 1 by weight ratio.
The waste mud is treated by a special curing agent, has the water content of 6 wt%, and is filtered, dried and milled by a pair of rollers, and then is sieved by a 50-mesh sieve to obtain mud powder; the content of chitosan in the special curing agent is 2%.
The grain size of the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is less than or equal to 1 mm.
The particle size of more than 80% of the coarse sand particles is 1-2 mm.
The preparation method of the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick comprises the following steps: sequentially metering all the raw materials in a stirring container according to the weight percentage; II, adding 5% of water and stirring the mixed materials; III, pressing and forming the mixture by an oil press; IV, curing the formed green brick for 20 hours at normal temperature; and V, performing water spraying maintenance for 6 days to obtain the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick.
The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 5
The sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 45% of waste mud, 20% of coarse sand, 10% of silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide and 25% of cement; the waste mud is sludge; the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is fine coal slag.
The waste mud is treated by a special curing agent, has the water content of 6 wt%, and is filtered, dried and milled by a pair of rollers, and then is sieved by a 50-mesh sieve to obtain mud powder; the content of chitosan in the special curing agent is 8%.
The grain size of the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is less than or equal to 1 mm.
The particle size of more than 80% of the coarse sand particles is 1-2 mm.
The rest is the same as in example 4.
Example 6
The sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 45% of waste mud, 20% of coarse sand, 10% of silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide and 25% of cement; the waste sludge is sludge and silt in a ratio of 2: 5 by weight ratio; the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is prepared by mixing fly ash, slag powder and coal gangue in a proportion of 1.5: 2: 1 by weight ratio.
The waste mud is treated by a special curing agent to have the water content of 4 wt%, and is subjected to filter pressing, drying and double-roller grinding and then is sieved by a 50-mesh sieve to obtain mud powder; the content of chitosan in the special curing agent is 5%.
The grain size of the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is less than or equal to 1 mm.
The particle size of more than 80% of the coarse sand particles is 1-2 mm.
The rest is the same as in example 4.
Example 7
The sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 55% of waste mud, 15% of coarse sand, 20% of silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide and 10% of cement; the waste mud is sludge; the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is coal gangue.
The rest is the same as in example 4.
Comparative example 1
A water permeable brick, which is different from example 4 in that: and removing coarse sand, wherein the waste mud is 50%, the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is 30% and the cement is 20%.
The rest is the same as in example 4.
Comparative example 2
A water permeable brick, which is different from example 4 in that: 85% of waste mud, 5% of coarse sand, 5% of silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide and 5% of cement.
The waste mud is treated by a special curing agent, has the water content of 6 wt%, and is filtered, dried and milled by a pair of rollers, and then is sieved by a 50-mesh sieve to obtain mud powder; the content of chitosan in the special curing agent is 5%.
The grain size of the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is less than or equal to 1 mm.
The particle size of more than 80% of the coarse sand particles is 1-2 mm.
The preparation method of the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick comprises the following steps: sequentially metering all the raw materials in a stirring container according to the weight percentage; II, adding 2% of water and stirring the mixed materials; III, pressing and forming the mixture by an oil press; IV, curing the formed green brick for 48 hours at normal temperature; and V, performing water spraying maintenance for 10 days to obtain the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick.
The rest is the same as in example 4.
Comparative example 3
A water permeable brick, which is different from example 4 in that: the special curing agent is a mixture of expansive soil, polypropylene fibers, ferric trichloride, cement and quicklime.
The rest is the same as in example 4.
The water permeable bricks of examples 1-7 and comparative examples 1-3 were subjected to compressive strength, flexural strength, freeze-thaw resistance, wear resistance and heavy metal curing effect tests according to the enterprise standards, and the results are shown in the following table:
the test results show that the water permeability, breaking strength, freezing and thawing resistance and wear resistance of the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick prepared in the embodiments 1-8 are higher than those of the water permeable brick prepared in the comparative example, and the water permeable brick prepared in the embodiment 4 has the optimal performance. Compared with the embodiment 4, the comparative example 1 does not contain coarse sand, so that the aggregate grading in the permeable brick obtained in the comparative example 1 is unreasonable, so that the finished brick has low breaking strength and poor water permeability; compared with the embodiment 4, the comparative example 2 has higher content of waste mud, and is difficult to form good gradation with other raw materials, so that the water permeable brick has poor water permeability, poor freeze-thaw resistance and wear resistance, and poor stability of a finished product; compared with the example 4, the curing agent does not contain chitosan, the leaching amount of the heavy metal in the water permeable brick is higher, if the water permeable brick is not treated, the water permeable brick is greatly damaged by human body, the water permeable brick is not suitable for popularization and use, the chitosan-containing curing agent is favorable for reducing the leaching amount of the heavy metal in the water permeable brick, and the heavy metal curing effect is good.
In conclusion, the water permeable brick prepared by the invention has good water permeability, breaking strength, freeze thawing resistance and wear resistance measurement performance, the leaching amount of heavy metals in the water permeable brick is low, no odor exists, the water permeable brick is environment-friendly and safe, the production cost is low, the water permeable brick is easy to produce in large scale and in batch, and the water permeable brick can be used as a novel paving material for sponge city construction; the utilization of wastes is realized, the current situations of low comprehensive utilization rate and environmental pollution of sludge/sludge are solved, and the problem of shortage of new materials in sponge cities is solved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The environment-friendly sludge water permeable brick is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-70% of waste mud, 5-25% of coarse sand, 5-25% of silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide and 10-30% of cement; the waste mud is sludge or/and sludge; the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is prepared from fly ash, fine coal slag, slag powder and coal gangue by mixing the following raw materials in percentage by weight 4: 2: 1: 1 by weight ratio; the water content of the waste mud is less than or equal to 15 percent after being treated by a special curing agent, and then the waste mud is filtered, dried and milled by a pair of rollers and then is sieved by a 50-mesh sieve to obtain mud powder; the content of chitosan in the special curing agent is 2-8%, and the grain size of the silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide is less than or equal to 1 mm; the particle size of more than 80% of the coarse sand particles is 1-2 mm.
2. The environment-friendly sludge water permeable brick according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50-60% of waste mud, 10-20% of coarse sand, 10-20% of silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide and 15-25% of cement.
3. The environment-friendly sludge water permeable brick according to claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50% of waste mud, 15% of coarse sand, 15% of silicon-aluminum-iron-calcium oxide and 20% of cement.
4. The method for preparing the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: sequentially metering all the raw materials in a stirring container according to the weight percentage; II, adding 2-20% of water, and stirring the mixed material; III, pressing and forming the mixture by an oil press; IV, curing the formed green bricks for 12-48 h at normal temperature; and V, performing water spraying maintenance for 5-10 days to obtain the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick.
5. The method for preparing the sludge environment-friendly water permeable brick according to claim 4, wherein the green brick is cured for 24 hours at normal temperature and then cured for 7 days by spraying water.
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| CN103664126A (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-03-26 | 深圳市海川实业股份有限公司 | Sludge curing treatment agent and method for treating sludge by use of curing treatment agent |
| CN106565174A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-04-19 | 唐健发 | Water permeable brick and preparation method thereof |
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