CN107565717B - A claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor - Google Patents
A claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107565717B CN107565717B CN201710781208.5A CN201710781208A CN107565717B CN 107565717 B CN107565717 B CN 107565717B CN 201710781208 A CN201710781208 A CN 201710781208A CN 107565717 B CN107565717 B CN 107565717B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种爪极游标永磁电机，包括定子以及爪极转子，爪极转子包括第一爪极、第二爪极以及爪指永磁体；第一爪极包括多个第一爪指和一个第一爪盘，每个第一爪指与第一爪盘连接，第二爪极包括多个第二爪指和一个第二爪盘，每个第二爪指均与第二爪盘连接，第二爪极位于两个相邻的第一爪指之间，一个爪指永磁体位于相邻的第一爪指和第二爪指之间，且爪指永磁体切向充磁；两个相邻的爪指永磁体充磁方向不同。通过第一爪盘使多个第一爪指相互连通，第二爪盘使多个第二爪指连通，使少极磁场中对着槽爪指的磁通导向同极性的对着齿的爪指，提升少极磁密。使电机的空载反电势有较大地提高，以此获得高的转矩密度和较高的功率因数；且结构简单。
The invention discloses a claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor, comprising a stator and a claw-pole rotor. The claw-pole rotor includes a first claw pole, a second claw pole and a claw-finger permanent magnet; the first claw pole includes a plurality of first claw fingers and a first claw plate, each first claw finger is connected with the first claw plate, the second claw pole includes a plurality of second claw fingers and a second claw plate, each second claw finger is connected with the second claw plate connected, the second claw pole is located between two adjacent first claw fingers, a claw finger permanent magnet is located between the adjacent first claw fingers and the second claw finger, and the claw finger permanent magnet is tangentially magnetized; The magnetization directions of the two adjacent finger permanent magnets are different. A plurality of first claw fingers are communicated with each other through the first claw plate, and a plurality of second claw fingers are communicated with the second claw plate, so that the magnetic flux in the less-pole magnetic field facing the grooved claw fingers is directed to the opposite teeth of the same polarity. Claw fingers, increase the magnetic density of few poles. The no-load back EMF of the motor is greatly improved, so as to obtain high torque density and high power factor; and the structure is simple.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of permanent magnet motors, and particularly relates to a claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor.
Background
In the field of motor transmission, especially in the application occasions with large torque requirements, the torque required to be output is mostly met by matching of a motor and a gear box for speed change. Due to the requirements for high efficiency, low noise, high reliability and the like of the motor in industrial production and application, the demand for removing the low-speed and high-torque direct drive motor of the gear box is increasing, such as direct drive hub motors for automobiles, direct drive wind power generators, ship drive motors, direct drive slurry pump motors used in oil field drilling and the like, including but not limited to the above application occasions.
The surface-mounted permanent magnet vernier motor becomes a common topology of a low-speed high-torque direct-drive motor due to the characteristics of simple structure and high torque density. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the flux path of a surface-mounted cursor motor facing the teeth and slots; because the vernier permanent magnet motor adopts a magnetic field modulation principle, a stator slot of the vernier permanent magnet motor is an open slot, and because the magnetic flux generated by a magnetic pole facing the slot opening can reduce the amplitude of no-load less-pole magnetic density of the motor, the no-load counter potential is reduced, and the problem of low power factor of the traditional surface-mounted permanent magnet vernier motor is very serious. The effective air gap flux density is limited, generally below 1T, and the power factor can be as low as 0.2-0.3, which causes the problems of overlarge steady-state operation current, low operation reliability, low efficiency and the like of the motor.
The radial built-in permanent magnet vernier motor has strong excitation capability due to the magnetism-gathering excitation structure, and armature reaction is weak and power factor is high due to the fact that poles of the rotor are not connected on a magnetic circuit. However, when the pole ratio is high, the amplitude of the air gap few pole flux density under no load is greatly reduced by the radial built-in structure, so that the torque density of the vernier motor is not obviously improved.
In order to improve the power factor of the vernier motor and maintain high torque density, some researchers have proposed a double-stator flux-concentrating permanent magnet vernier motor, for example, patent document CN103178668A discloses a radial magnetic field double-stator vernier motor, which has two parts with different diameters, the same number of teeth, and tooth space positions staggered by half a slot pitch. The annular rotor is positioned between the two stators. The structure skillfully utilizes the reverse magnetic flux in the few-pole magnetic field of the traditional surface-mounted vernier motor, and greatly improves the power factor and the power density of the vernier motor. However, since the structure has two stators and two air gaps, the manufacturing and assembling difficulties are large, and the cost is increased. The complexity of the structure also reduces the reliability of the operation of the motor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements in the prior art, the invention provides a claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor, aiming at solving the technical problem that the structure of the vernier motor is complicated because the power factor and the power density of the conventional permanent magnet vernier motor are improved by adopting a double-stator structure.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a claw pole vernier permanent magnet motor, comprising:
the stator has Z open slots with P pole pairs on its inner surfaceAThe winding of (a); and
a claw-pole rotor comprisingA first claw pole, a second claw pole and PmA pair of claw finger permanent magnets, and PA＝Z-Pm；
The first claw pole comprises PmEach first claw finger is connected with the first claw disc, and the second claw pole structure is the same as the first claw pole structure;
the second finger is positioned between two adjacent first fingers, one permanent magnet is positioned between the adjacent first and second fingers, and PmMagnetizing the claw finger permanent magnet in a tangential direction; the magnetizing directions of two adjacent claw finger permanent magnets are different.
Preferably, P is held by the first jaw platemThe first claw fingers are communicated with each other, and the P is driven by the second claw diskmThe second claw fingers are communicated, so that the claw finger magnetic flux facing the groove is guided to the claw fingers facing the teeth with the same polarity through the claw disc, and the less-pole magnetic density is improved.
Preferably, the first finger is strip-shaped, PmThe first claw fingers are arranged in a circumferential manner and are parallel to the motor rotating shaft; the first claw finger and the second claw finger are strip-shaped structures with unequal widths in the axial direction.
Preferably, the width of the first claw finger close to the first claw disk is larger than the width of the second claw finger far from the first claw disk, and the width of the second claw finger close to the second claw disk is larger than the width of the second claw finger far from the second claw disk.
Preferably, the magnetic control device further comprises a claw disk permanent magnet which is positioned between the first claw disk and the second claw disk and is magnetized along the axial direction.
Preferably, a plurality of annular laminated sheets provided with protrusions in the circumferential direction are used for preparing the first claw pole, the protrusions of the annular laminated sheets form first claw fingers, and annular parts of the annular laminated sheets form first claw discs;
a plurality of square laminations are used to prepare the second claw fingers, and a plurality of annular laminations are used to prepare the second claw disk.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor, the first claw disc is connected with each first claw finger, the magnetizing directions of two adjacent claw-finger permanent magnets are different, the connection of magnetic poles with the same polarity on a magnetic circuit on a claw-pole rotor is realized, and the disconnection of the magnetic circuit between the magnetic poles with different polarities is realized. When the claw finger permanent magnet faces the stator tooth groove, the claw disc guides the reverse magnetic flux of the claw finger facing the groove in the small-pole magnetic field to other claw fingers facing the tooth with the same polarity, so that the influence of the U-shaped groove of the stator on the small-pole magnetic flux density is reduced, the small-pole magnetic flux density is greatly improved, the no-load back electromotive force of the motor is greatly improved, and high torque density and high power factor are obtained. Furthermore, the motor comprises a stator and a permanent magnet rotor, and the motor only comprises one layer of air gap, so that the structural complexity and the manufacturing difficulty are greatly reduced.
2. The width of the first claw finger close to the first claw disc is larger than the width of the first claw finger far away from the first claw disc, so that the connection area of the first claw finger and the first claw disc is increased, magnetic flux saturation is reduced, and the torque density of the motor is improved.
3. The claw disk permanent magnet is arranged between the first claw disk and the second claw disk and is axially magnetized, so that a magnetic flux loop is added in the motor, the magnetic flux loop is emitted by the claw finger permanent magnet and enters the claw finger permanent magnet through the first claw finger, the first claw disk, the claw disk permanent magnet, the second claw disk and the second claw finger, the magnetic density is increased, and the torque is improved.
4. The first claw pole and the second claw pole are prepared in a lamination mode, and production and manufacturing are facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the magnetic flux path of a surface-mount cursor motor in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor provided in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a first claw pole in a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a claw-pole rotor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the flux path in a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor provided by the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor provided by the present invention includes a stator and a claw-pole rotor 2, the stator includes a stator core 1 and a winding, Z open slots are formed on the stator core 1 to form Z stator teeth, an armature winding 3 is placed in the slots, the number of winding pole pairs is PA. The claw-pole rotor 2 includes a first claw pole, a second claw pole, and a claw-finger permanent magnet 21.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first claw pole in the claw pole rotor provided by the invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the first claw pole comprises PmA first claw finger 22 and a first claw disk 20, the first claw finger 22 is in a strip shape, PmThe first claw fingers are arranged circumferentially and are parallel to the motor rotating shaft, each first claw finger is connected with the first claw disc, the width of the first claw finger close to the first claw disc is larger than that of the first claw disc, the connecting area of the first claw finger and the first claw disc is increased, magnetic flux saturation is reduced, and the torque density of the motor is improved.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a claw-pole rotor provided by the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the axis of the first claw pole coincides with the axis of the second claw pole, each second claw finger is located between two adjacent first claw fingers, that is, the first claw fingers 22 and the second claw fingers 24 are staggered, the claw finger permanent magnet 21 is located between two adjacent first claw fingers 22 and the second claw fingers 24, and the magnetizing directions of the two adjacent claw finger permanent magnets are different, that is, the claw finger permanent magnets are alternately magnetized.
In order to form a vernier motor structure by the stator and the claw pole rotor, the number of pole pairs P of the windingAEqual to the number of teeth Z of the stator and the pole pair number P of the claw-pole rotormThe difference Z-PmThe interaction between the stator and the claw pole rotor can generate stable electromagnetic torque TemThe magnitude of the torque corresponding only to the effective value of the current I in the armature windingAAnd current angle psiARelated, and the claw-pole rotor speed n is influenced by the current frequency f in the armature windingAControlling, the above quantities having the following relations:
Tem＝kIAcos(ψA)
in the formula, k is a constant relating to only the dimensional structure of the motor.
By controlling the effective value of the current I in the armature windingAAngle of current psiAAnd frequency fAThe rotating speed and the output torque of the motor can be controlled.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic flux path in the claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor provided by the present invention, when one stator tooth on the stator 1 is opposite to a claw pole, the magnetic flux enters the stator tooth through the claw-finger permanent magnet and the claw pole adjacent to the claw-finger permanent magnet. When another stator slot on the stator is opposite to the claw pole, at the moment, the magnetic flux does not pass through the claw finger permanent magnet and the claw pole adjacent to the claw finger permanent magnet to enter the stator teeth (the claw pole is not opposite to the stator teeth but opposite to the stator slots), but passes through the claw finger permanent magnet, the claw pole adjacent to the claw finger permanent magnet and the claw disc to enter other claw poles opposite to the stator teeth, the small pole magnetic density of the claw pole vernier motor is greatly improved, so that the no-load back electromotive force of the motor is greatly improved, and high torque density and high power factor are obtained.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor according to the present invention, in which a claw-pole rotor includes, in addition to a first claw pole, a second claw pole, and claw-finger permanent magnets, a claw-disc permanent magnet located between a first claw disc and a second claw disc, the claw-disc permanent magnet is magnetized in an axial direction, a motor magnetic circuit is increased by placing the claw-disc permanent magnet between the first claw disc and the second claw disc, and magnetic flux emitted by the claw-finger permanent magnet passes through the first claw finger, an air gap, a stator, and an air gap and then enters the second claw-finger permanent magnet, or passes through the first claw finger, the first claw disc, the first claw finger closer to the teeth, the air gap, the stator, the second claw pole, the claw-disc permanent magnet, and then returns to the claw-finger permanent magnet, the magnetic density is increased by adding the magnetic steel in the middle of the shaft, and the torque of the motor is improved.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of a claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor according to the present invention, in which a lower claw pole is a laminated claw pole connected by a magnetic conductive claw disc, an upper claw pole is formed by laminated sheets connected by a yoke portion, the upper claw is formed by a plurality of annular laminated sheets having protrusions arranged in a circumferential direction, the protrusions of the annular laminated sheets form the upper claw pole, and annular portions of the annular laminated sheets form the claw disc; the heights of the claw disk and the claw pole in the upper claw are the same. The lower claw pole is formed by a plurality of lower claw pole laminations, the lower claw disc is formed by a plurality of lower claw disc laminations, and the height of the lower claw pole is different from that of the lower claw disc. By adopting the structure in the embodiment, the production and the manufacture are convenient.
The claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor comprises a stator and a claw-pole rotor, and the three-dimensional magnetic circuit structure of the claw-pole rotor is utilized to effectively inhibit reverse magnetic flux generated in a few-pole magnetic field of the vernier motor, so that the power factor which is difficult to improve in the traditional vernier motor is improved while high torque density is realized. The structure only contains one layer of air gap, and the structure complexity and the manufacturing difficulty are greatly reduced. The method can be used in various technical fields of hybrid electric vehicles, wind power generation, ship propulsion and the like.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor, comprising:
the stator has Z open slots with P pole pairs on its inner surfaceAThe winding of (a); and
a claw-pole rotor including a first claw pole, a second claw pole and PmA pair of claw finger permanent magnets, and PA＝Z-Pm；
The first claw pole comprises PmA plurality of first fingers and a first claw disk, each of the first fingers is connected with the first claw disk, the second claw pole comprises PmA plurality of second fingers and a second jaw plate, each of the second fingers being coupled to the second jaw plate,
one second finger is positioned between two adjacent first fingers, one permanent finger magnet is positioned between the adjacent first and second fingers, and P ismMagnetizing the claw finger permanent magnet in a tangential direction; the magnetizing directions of two adjacent claw finger permanent magnets are different;
when one stator tooth on the stator is opposite to the claw pole, magnetic flux enters the stator tooth through the claw finger permanent magnet and the claw pole adjacent to the claw finger permanent magnet; when another stator slot on the stator is opposite to the claw pole, the magnetic flux passes through the claw finger permanent magnet, the claw pole adjacent to the claw finger permanent magnet and the claw disc and enters other claw poles opposite to the stator teeth.
2. The pole vernier permanent magnet machine of claim 1 wherein P is caused to pass through the first claw diskmThe first claw fingers are communicated with each other, and the P is enabled to be arranged by the second claw diskmAnd the second claw fingers are communicated, so that the claw finger magnetic flux facing the groove is guided to the claw fingers facing the teeth with the same polarity through the claw disc, and the magnetic density of less poles is improved.
3. The pole vernier permanent magnet machine of claim 1 or 2 wherein said first fingers are strip shaped, said P beingmThe first claw fingers are arranged circumferentially and are parallel to the motor rotating shaft.
4. The pole vernier permanent magnet motor of claim 3 wherein said first finger has a greater width proximate said first plate than distal said first plate and said second finger has a greater width proximate said second plate than distal said second plate.
5. The pole vernier permanent magnet machine of claim 1 or 2 further comprising a claw disk permanent magnet positioned between the first claw disk and the second claw disk and magnetized in the axial direction.
6. The claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the first claw pole is prepared by using a plurality of annular laminations provided with protrusions in a circumferential direction, the protrusions of the annular laminations constituting the first claw fingers, and annular portions of the annular laminations constituting the first claw disk;
the second jaw finger is made using a plurality of square laminations and the second jaw disc is made using a plurality of annular laminations.
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| CN201710781208.5A CN107565717B (en) | 2017-09-01 | 2017-09-01 | A claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor |
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| CN201710781208.5A CN107565717B (en) | 2017-09-01 | 2017-09-01 | A claw-pole vernier permanent magnet motor |
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| CN107565717B true CN107565717B (en) | 2020-05-19 |
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| CN112821591B (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2024-04-19 | 河北工业大学 | Core component of modularized claw pole permanent magnet motor |
| CN115441679B (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2025-11-25 | 重庆理工大学 | A hybrid excitation claw pole motor |
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| JPH09219942A (en) * | 1996-02-13 | 1997-08-19 | Akira Ishizaki | Vernier motor |
| JP2001327136A (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2001-11-22 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Vernier motor |
| CN205195452U (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-04-27 | 清河县驭能电器有限公司 | Automotive alternator |
| JP6805835B2 (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2020-12-23 | 株式会社デンソー | Rotating machine |
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