CN107542508A - A kind of light four combined production device of Ship Waste Heat cascade utilization formula cool and thermal power and method of work - Google Patents

Abstract

A ship waste heat cascade utilization type cooling, heating, electricity, and desalination quadruple generation device, including a waste heat boiler system, an organic working fluid Rankine cycle system, an absorption heat pump system, a seawater flash desalination system, a flue gas cavity, a shaft switcher and a power generation unit machine. The present invention replaces the low-pressure waste heat boiler in the double-stage waste heat boiler system with an organic working medium Rankine cycle device, effectively improving heat-work conversion efficiency; increasing the waste heat of flue gas absorbed by seawater flash evaporation, and effectively increasing fresh water production; seawater flash In the steam desalination system, the first-stage flash saturated steam is compressed into superheated steam by the steam compressor driven by the turbine, which is used to drive the operation of the absorption heat pump unit, so as to realize the temperature adjustment of the ship cabin and effectively prevent the flue gas from directly entering the absorption heat pump. Corrosion damage caused by the unit. With the cooperation of waste heat boiler, organic working medium Rankine cycle device, seawater flash desalination device and absorption heat pump device, the present invention realizes the four-cogeneration effect of cooling, heating, electricity and desalination in cascaded utilization of ship flue gas waste heat at 350-80°C.

Description

A cascaded use of ship waste heat quadruple generation device and working method

technical field

The invention relates to a cascaded utilization device and working method for waste heat of a ship main engine, in particular to a cascade utilization type cooling, heating, electricity, and desalination quadruple generation device for ship waste heat, which belongs to the technical field of energy engineering.

Background technique

At present, in terms of waste heat utilization of ship main engines, two-stage waste heat boilers are mainly used to recover the waste heat of the main engine, and then the waste heat of the ship main engine is converted into electric energy through steam turbines and generators to meet the power demand of ships. As far as the two-stage waste heat boiler is concerned, when the flue gas temperature of the main engine is reduced from 350°C to 120°C, the high-pressure stage waste heat boiler undertakes the main work of thermoelectric conversion, while the low-pressure stage waste heat boiler usually has low efficiency, and its working efficiency needs to be optimized and improved .

As an important part of the ship's power system, the ship's air-conditioning system consumes 30% to 40% of the total power consumption of the power system. It is particularly important to improve the working performance of the ship's air-conditioning system and reduce the proportion of its power consumption. At present, the ship air conditioning system is mainly based on the vapor compression type, supplemented by the absorption type, but the absorption heat pump has more advantages in the utilization of waste heat; because the flue gas contains a large amount of corrosive substances, the flue gas cannot be directly used to drive the absorption heat pump device. Moreover, after the flue gas exhausted by the main engine is used by the two-stage waste heat boiler, the flue gas temperature lower than 150°C will aggravate the corrosion and damage of the flue gas to the equipment. Finding the connection link and indirectly using the waste heat of the flue gas to drive the absorption heat pump device has become a solution to this problem. effective approach to the problem.

For the waste heat of the main engine of the ship, a large number of waste heat utilization technologies have emerged. For example, the patent application number is: 201611266594.6, and the name is: a cogeneration device that utilizes the waste heat of the marine diesel engine. However, due to the limitation of the device itself in this patent, the waste heat recovery efficiency is low, and the efficiency is only 7% to 10%. Furthermore, seawater desalination using the waste heat of the main engine has become the mainstream waste heat utilization method, and the waste heat used in the existing seawater desalination is mainly the waste heat of the cylinder liner cooling water and the waste heat of the flue gas at the waste heat boiler outlet, and the multi-stage low-pressure flash evaporation and seawater cooling The domestic fresh water of the ship is produced in the form, the flue gas temperature at the waste heat boiler outlet is low (90-120 ℃), and the temperature difference of the cylinder liner cooling water inlet is not greater than 12 ℃, resulting in insufficient waste heat and low fresh water production.

In terms of recovery of medium and low temperature waste heat and waste heat, the Organic Working Fluid Rankine Cycle (ORC) device uses low boiling point working fluid to recover waste heat to expand and perform work, converting heat energy into mechanical energy, which can be used for power generation and power output, and Compared with the traditional working medium water, the low-boiling point organic working medium has more advantages in recovering the waste heat expansion work at low and medium temperatures.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, and further provide a quadruple generation device for cooling, heating, electricity, and desalination with cascaded utilization of ship waste heat.

In the present invention, by adjusting the waste heat utilization mode of the flue gas of the existing ship main engine, the waste heat cascade utilization of the flue gas between 350°C and 80°C is realized by means of a waste heat boiler (single stage), an organic working medium Rankine cycle device, and a seawater flash evaporation device, and coupled The absorption heat pump unit achieves the effect of quadruple generation of cold, heat, electricity and light.

To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

A ship waste heat cascade utilization type cooling, heating, electricity, and desalination quadruple generation device, including a waste heat boiler system, an organic working medium Rankine cycle system, an absorption heat pump system, a seawater flash desalination system, a flue gas cavity, a shaft switcher and a power generator machine, wherein the waste heat boiler system includes: a boiler heat exchanger, a boiler superheater, a circulation pump and a waste heat boiler, the lower left outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump, and the outlet of the circulation pump is connected to the boiler heat exchanger The inlet of the boiler heat exchanger is connected to the upper left inlet of the waste heat boiler, and the top outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to the inlet of the boiler superheater; the organic working medium Rankine cycle system includes: working medium heat exchanger, turbine machine, regenerator, cooler and working medium pump, the upper right outlet of the cooler is connected to the right inlet of the regenerator, the left outlet of the regenerator is connected to the inlet of the working medium pump, and the working medium pump The outlet is connected to the inlet of the working medium heat exchanger, the outlet of the working medium heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the turbine, the outlet of the turbine is connected to the upper inlet of the regenerator, and the outlet of the lower part of the regenerator is connected to The upper left inlet of the cooler; the absorption heat pump system includes: absorption heat pump unit, generator, evaporator, condenser, first shut-off valve, second shut-off valve, third shut-off valve, fourth shut-off valve, supply Water pump and fan coil unit, the absorption heat pump unit includes the generator, the evaporator and the condenser, the upper right outlet of the evaporator is connected to the inlet of the second shut-off valve, and the upper left outlet of the condenser is The inlet of the third shut-off valve is connected, the outlets of the second shut-off valve and the third shut-off valve are connected to the inlet of the water supply pump, the outlet of the water supply pump is connected to the inlet of the fan coil unit, and the outlet of the fan coil unit The inlet of the first cut-off valve and the fourth cut-off valve are connected, the outlet of the first cut-off valve is connected with the upper left inlet of the evaporator, and the outlet of the fourth cut-off valve is connected with the inlet of the condenser; the seawater flash Distillation and desalination system includes: No. 1 seawater pump, waste heat recovery device, No. 1 spray pump, No. 1 flow valve, No. 1 coil, first-stage flash tank, No. 5 shut-off valve, No. 1 vacuum pump, nozzle, No. 6 shut-off valve valve, steam compressor, spray pump No. 2, flow valve No. 2, coil pipe No. 2, flash tank No. 7, stop valve No. 2, vacuum pump No. 2, sea water pump No. 2, condenser and fresh water tank, all The inlet of the No. 2 seawater pump is extended to the seawater through the pipeline, and the outlet of the No. 2 seawater pump is connected to the lower left inlet of the condenser in one way, and the lower right inlet of the cooler in the rankine cycle system of the organic refrigerant is connected to the other way. , the lower right outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the No. 1 seawater pump, and the inlet of the No. 1 seawater pump also extends to the seawater through a pipeline, and the outlet of the No. 1 seawater pump is connected to the lower left outlet of the cooler It is connected to the inlet of the waste heat recovery device, the outlet of the waste heat recovery device is connected to the inlet of the No. 1 spray pump and the No. 1 flow valve, and the outlet of the No. 1 spray pump is connected to the upper part of the first-stage flash tank. There is a blind pipe with the nozzle, the outlet of the No. 1 flow valve is connected to the inlet of the No. 1 coil in the middle of the first-stage flash tank, and the outlet of the No. 1 coil is connected to the outlet at the bottom of the first-stage flash tank. connected to the inlet of the No. 2 spray pump and the No. 2 flow valve The right side of the primary flash tank is connected to the No. 1 vacuum pump through the fifth shut-off valve, and the top outlet of the primary flash tank is connected to the steam compressor and the inlet of the sixth shut-off valve. The steam compressor outlet is connected to the generator inlet of the absorption heat pump unit, the generator outlet is connected to the top inlet of the fresh water barrel, and the No. 2 spray pump outlet is connected to the upper part of the secondary flash tank The dead pipe of the nozzle is arranged, the outlet of the No. 2 flow valve is connected to the inlet of the No. 2 coil in the middle of the secondary flash tank, and the outlet of the No. 2 coil is connected to the bottom of the secondary flash tank. The outlets all extend to seawater through pipelines, the right side of the secondary flash tank is connected to the No. 2 vacuum pump through the seventh shut-off valve, and the top outlet of the secondary flash tank is connected to the outlet of the sixth shut-off valve. The inlet on the left side of the condenser, the outlet on the right side of the condenser communicate with the inlet on the top of the fresh water barrel, the output shaft of the turbine is connected with the input shaft of the steam compressor or the input shaft of the generator through a shaft switcher. Shaft transmission connection, the flue gas tube cavity is arranged in sequence from the inlet to the outlet of the boiler superheater, the boiler heat exchanger, the working medium heat exchanger and the waste heat recovery device.

Further, the fan coil unit has a built-in frequency conversion fan.

Further, the heat exchange mode between the working medium and flue gas in the boiler superheater, the boiler heat exchanger, the working medium heat exchanger and the waste heat recovery device is countercurrent heat exchange.

Further, the boiler superheater, the boiler heat exchanger, the working fluid heat exchanger and the waste heat recovery device are spiral tube heat exchangers or finned tube heat exchangers.

Further, the regenerator is a casing heat exchanger or a brazed plate heat exchanger.

Further, the condenser and the cooler are shell-and-tube heat exchangers or plate heat exchangers.

Further, the evaporator and the condenser are shell-and-tube heat exchangers or plate heat exchangers.

Further, the steam compressor is a screw type steam compressor or a centrifugal type steam compressor.

Further, the generator is a synchronous alternator or an asynchronous alternator.

Further, the No. 1 sea water pump, the No. 2 sea water pump, the No. 1 spray pump and the No. 2 spray pump are all centrifugal sea water pumps or axial flow sea water pumps.

Further, the circulation pump, the working medium pump and the water supply pump are all single-stage centrifugal pumps or axial flow circulation pumps.

The working method of a cascade utilization type cooling, heating, electricity, and desalination quadruple generation device for ship waste heat of the present invention, the specific method is as follows:

After the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the main engine of the ship is initially utilized by the power turbine, the temperature is reduced to 340-350°C, and the flue gas at 340-350°C flows through the boilers of the waste heat boiler system sequentially in the flue gas lumen The superheater and the boiler heat exchanger, after the waste heat boiler recovers and utilizes the waste heat of the flue gas, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 210-220°C, and the high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the waste heat boiler enters the steam turbine to expand and perform work. The steam turbine drives the generator set to generate electricity, and completes the conversion work of "heat-power-electricity"; the flue gas at 210-220°C after primary utilization enters the working medium heat exchanger and the organic working medium in the Rankine cycle system of the organic working medium. The working medium liquid performs heat exchange, and the flue gas temperature is reduced to 160-170°C after the waste heat of the flue gas is absorbed by the organic working medium liquid, and the organic working medium liquid becomes organic working medium steam after absorbing the waste heat of the flue gas and enters the The turbine expands to do work, the output shaft of the turbine is connected with the generator and the input shaft of the steam compressor through the shaft switcher, and the turbine drives the generator to generate electricity, and also Complete the "heat-power-electricity" conversion work, or drive the steam compressor to compress low-temperature saturated steam into high-temperature superheated steam to improve steam quality; the flue gas at 160-170°C after secondary utilization enters the seawater flash desalination The waste heat recovery device of the system exchanges heat with seawater, wherein the flue gas at 160-170°C is absorbed by the seawater and then the temperature is reduced to 80-90°C and then discharged along the exhaust pipe, while the heat-exchanging seawater is absorbing the flue gas After the waste heat, the temperature rises to 95-100°C, and the hot seawater at 95-100°C flows out of the waste heat recovery device and flashes in the first-stage flash tank and the second-stage flash tank to corresponding temperatures of 80-85°C and 55-60°C low-pressure saturated steam, wherein the 80-85°C saturated steam produced by the primary flash tank enters the steam compressor and is compressed by the steam compressor to be superheated at 145-150°C steam, the 145-150°C superheated steam discharged from the steam compressor is used to drive the absorption heat pump unit, and the 55-60°C saturated steam produced by the secondary flash tank is in the condenser The evaporator and the condenser in the absorption heat pump unit driven by the superheated steam at 145-150°C will generate cooling and heat respectively, and the The cold energy generated by the evaporator is used for the cooling air conditioning of the cabin in the hot environment, and the heat generated by the condenser is used for the warming air conditioning of the cabin in the cold environment; thus, in the waste heat boiler system, the organic The mass Rankine cycle system, the seawater flash desalination system and the absorption heat pump system realize the quadruple generation effect of cooling, heating, electricity and desalination in cascaded utilization of ship flue gas waste heat at 350-80°C.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. Use organic working fluid instead of water as the heat recovery expansion working medium, and replace the low-pressure waste heat boiler in the two-stage waste heat boiler with the organic working medium Rankine cycle device. Under the same working conditions, the latent heat of vaporization of the organic working medium is only One-tenth of the latent heat value of water vaporization. At the same waste heat, the output power of the organic working medium Rankine cycle device is greater than the output power of the low-pressure waste heat boiler with water as the working medium. The thermal power conversion capacity of the device is improved. 10% to 15% is obviously improved, the waste heat recovery effect of the main engine is good, and the utilization efficiency is high.

2. Change the current waste heat utilization form of the main engine of the ship, so that the temperature of the flue gas entering the seawater flash evaporation device is significantly higher than that of the unimproved flue gas. After the seawater is heated, the temperature can reach 95-100°C. The seawater flash evaporation effect is good, and the fresh water output Significantly increased by 20% to 30%.

3. The first-stage flashing low-pressure steam is compressed by a steam compressor to drive the absorption heat pump device, which avoids the problem of corrosion and damage to the heat pump device caused by the flue gas below 150°C directly driving the absorption heat pump device; no steam compression type The heat pump device, using low-pressure steam as the heat transfer medium, indirectly realizes the operation of the waste heat-driven absorption heat pump device and adjusts the comfort of the cabin environment of the ship. To a certain extent, it can avoid the large noise and high energy consumption of the vapor compression heat pump device (energy form Transform irreversible loss) problem.

4. Change the waste heat utilization form of the current ship main engine flue gas into the double-stage waste heat boiler, and combine the waste heat boiler (high pressure level), organic working medium Rankine cycle device, and seawater flash evaporation device to realize the flue gas waste heat from 350 to 80 The cascade utilization of ℃ and the integration of absorption heat pump technology have realized the effect of quadruple generation of cooling, heating, electricity, and desalination under the utilization of ship waste heat.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure and principle of a cascade utilization type cooling, heating, electricity and desalination quadruple generation device of the present invention.

In the figure: 1 is the No. 1 seawater pump, 2 is the flue gas cavity, 3 is the waste heat recovery device, 4 is the working medium heat exchanger, 5 is the boiler heat exchanger, 6 is the boiler superheater, 7 is the circulation pump, 8 1 is the working fluid pump, 9 is the regenerator, 10 is the No. 1 spray pump, 11 is the first-stage flash tank, 12 is the No. 1 flow valve, 13 is the No. 1 coil, 14 is the No. 2 flow valve, 15 is No. 2 spray pump, 16 is the fifth stop valve, 17 is the nozzle, 18 is the sixth stop valve, 19 is the cooler, 20 is the No. 1 vacuum pump, 21 is the generator, 22 is the steam compressor, 23 is the rotation shaft switching 24 is the waste heat boiler, 25 is the turbine, 26 is the fan coil, 27 is the water supply pump, 28 is the second stop valve, 29 is the first stop valve, 30 is the evaporator, 31 is the generator, 32 is No. 2 vacuum pump, 33 is the seventh cut-off valve, 34 is the secondary flash tank, 35 is the No. 2 coil, 36 is the No. 2 sea water pump, 37 is the condenser, 38 is the fresh water barrel, 39 is the condenser, 40 is the absorption heat pump unit, 41 is the fourth shut-off valve, and 42 is the third shut-off valve.

detailed description

In order to make the above objects, characteristics and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Furthermore, the directional terms mentioned in the present invention, such as "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", "top", etc. , is only for reference to the direction of the attached drawing. Therefore, the use of directional terms is used to illustrate and understand the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, it is a cascade utilization of waste heat in ships according to the embodiment of the present invention. It includes a waste heat boiler system, an organic working medium Rankine cycle system, an absorption heat pump system, and seawater flash desalination. system, flue gas cavity 2, shaft switcher 23 and generator 21, wherein the waste heat boiler system includes: boiler heat exchanger 5, boiler superheater 6, circulation pump 7 and waste heat boiler 24, the waste heat boiler 24 is at the bottom left The outlet is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump 7, the outlet of the circulation pump 7 is connected to the inlet of the boiler heat exchanger 5, the outlet of the boiler heat exchanger 5 is connected to the upper left inlet of the waste heat boiler 24, and the top outlet of the waste heat boiler 24 is connected to Said boiler superheater 6 inlet; said organic working medium Rankine cycle system comprises: working medium heat exchanger 4, turbine 25, regenerator 9, cooler 19 and working medium pump 8, said cooler 19 The upper right outlet is connected to the right inlet of the regenerator 9, the left outlet of the regenerator 9 is connected to the inlet of the working fluid pump 8, and the outlet of the working fluid pump 8 is connected to the inlet of the working fluid heat exchanger 4. The outlet of the working fluid heat exchanger 4 is connected to the inlet of the turbine 25, the outlet of the turbine 25 is connected to the upper inlet of the regenerator 9, and the lower outlet of the regenerator 9 is connected to the upper left inlet of the cooler 19 The absorption heat pump system includes: absorption heat pump unit 40, generator 31, evaporator 30, condenser 39, first shut-off valve 29, second shut-off valve 28, third shut-off valve 42, fourth shut-off valve 41 , water supply pump 27 and fan coil unit 26, the absorption heat pump unit 40 includes the generator 31, the evaporator 30 and the condenser 39, the upper right outlet of the evaporator 30 communicates with the second cut-off The inlet of the valve 28, the upper left outlet of the condenser 39 is connected to the inlet of the third shut-off valve 42, the outlets of the second shut-off valve 28 and the third shut-off valve 42 are connected to the inlet of the water supply pump 27, and the water supply pump The outlet of 27 is connected to the inlet of the fan coil 26, the outlet of the fan coil 26 is connected to the inlet of the first shut-off valve 29 and the fourth shut-off valve 41, and the outlet of the first shut-off valve 29 is connected to the evaporator 30 upper left inlet, the outlet of the fourth stop valve 41 is connected to the inlet of the condenser 39; the seawater flash desalination system includes: No. 1 seawater pump 1, waste heat recovery device 3, No. 1 spray pump 10, and No. 1 flow rate Valve 12, No. 1 coil 13, Primary flash tank 11, No. 5 shut-off valve 16, No. 1 vacuum pump 20, nozzle 17, No. 6 shut-off valve 18, steam compressor 22, No. 2 spray pump 15, No. 2 Flow valve 14, No. 2 coil pipe 35, secondary flash tank 34, seventh stop valve 33, No. 2 vacuum pump 32, No. 2 sea water pump 36, condenser 37 and fresh water barrel 38, the No. 2 sea water pump 36 The inlet extends to the seawater through the pipeline, and the outlet of the No. 2 seawater pump 36 is connected to the lower left inlet of the condenser 37 one way, and the other way is connected to the lower right inlet of the cooler 19 in the organic refrigerant Rankine cycle system. The lower right outlet of the condenser 37 is connected to the inlet of the No. 1 seawater pump 1, and the inlet of the No. 1 seawater pump 1 is also extended through the pipeline To the seawater, the outlet of the No. 1 seawater pump 1 and the lower left outlet of the cooler 19 are connected to the inlet of the waste heat recovery device 3, and the outlet of the waste heat recovery device 3 is connected to the No. 1 spray pump 10 and the The inlet of the No. 1 flow valve 12, the outlet of the No. 1 spray pump 10 is connected to the blind pipe with the nozzle 17 arranged on the upper part of the first-stage flash tank 11, and the outlet of the No. 1 flow valve 12 is connected to the first-stage The inlet of the No. 1 coil 13 in the middle of the flash tank 11, the outlet of the No. 1 coil 13 and the bottom outlet of the primary flash tank 11 are connected to the No. 2 spray pump 15 and the No. 2 flow valve 14, the right side of the primary flash tank 11 communicates with the No. 1 vacuum pump 20 through the fifth shut-off valve 16, and the outlet at the top of the primary flash tank 11 communicates with the vapor compressor 22 and the The inlet of the sixth stop valve 18, the outlet of the steam compressor 22 is connected to the inlet of the generator 31 of the absorption heat pump unit 40, the outlet of the generator 31 is connected to the top inlet of the fresh water bucket 38, and the second The outlet of the spray pump 15 is connected to the blind pipe with the nozzle 17 arranged on the upper part of the secondary flash tank 34, and the outlet of the No. 2 flow valve 14 is connected to the No. 2 coil in the middle of the secondary flash tank 34. 35 inlet, the No. 2 coil 35 outlet and the outlet at the bottom of the secondary flash tank 34 are all extended to seawater through pipelines, and the right side of the secondary flash tank 34 is connected to the No. 2 vacuum pump 32, the top outlet of the secondary flash tank 34 and the outlet of the sixth stop valve 18 are connected to the left inlet of the condenser 37, and the right outlet of the condenser 37 is connected to the fresh water bucket 38 top inlet, the output shaft of the turbine 25 is driven and connected with the input shaft of the steam compressor 22 or the input shaft of the generator 21 through the rotating shaft switch 23, and the flue gas pipe cavity 2 is arranged sequentially from the inlet to the outlet The boiler superheater 6 , the boiler heat exchanger 5 , the working medium heat exchanger 4 and the waste heat recovery device 3 .

Wherein, the fan coil unit 26 is built with a frequency conversion fan.

The heat exchange mode between the working medium and flue gas in the boiler superheater 6 , the boiler heat exchanger 5 , the working medium heat exchanger 4 and the waste heat recovery device 3 is countercurrent heat exchange.

The boiler superheater 6, the boiler heat exchanger 5, the working medium heat exchanger 4 and the waste heat recovery device 3 are spiral tube heat exchangers.

The regenerator 9 is a brazed plate heat exchanger.

The condenser 37 and the cooler 19 are shell-and-tube heat exchangers.

The evaporator 30 and the condenser 39 are shell and tube heat exchangers.

The steam compressor 22 is a screw type steam compressor.

The generator 21 is a synchronous alternator.

The No. 1 sea water pump 1 , the No. 2 sea water pump 36 , the No. 1 spray pump 10 and the No. 2 spray pump 15 are centrifugal sea water pumps.

The circulation pump 7, the working medium pump 8 and the water supply pump 27 are all single-stage centrifugal pumps.

work method:

After the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the main engine of the ship is initially utilized by the power turbine, the temperature is reduced to 340-350°C, and the flue gas at 340-350°C flows through the waste heat boiler system in the flue gas cavity 2 in turn. After the boiler superheater 6 and the boiler heat exchanger 5 recover and utilize the waste heat of the flue gas by the waste heat boiler 24, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 210-220°C, and the high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the waste heat boiler 24 enters the The steam turbine expands to do work, and the steam turbine drives the generator set to generate electricity to complete the "heat-work-electricity" conversion work; the flue gas at 210-220°C after primary utilization enters the working medium of the organic working medium Rankine cycle system The heat exchanger 4 exchanges heat with the organic working medium liquid, and the flue gas temperature drops to 160-170°C after the waste heat of the flue gas is absorbed by the organic working medium liquid, and the organic working medium liquid becomes an organic working medium after absorbing the waste heat of the flue gas Steam enters the turbine 25 to expand and perform work, and the output shaft of the turbine 25 is connected with the generator 21 and the input shaft of the steam compressor 22 through the shaft switch 23. The engine 25 drives the generator 21 to generate electricity, and also completes the "heat-power-electricity" conversion work, or drives the steam compressor 22 to compress the low-temperature saturated steam into high-temperature superheated steam to improve the steam quality; the 160 Flue gas at ~170°C enters the waste heat recovery device 3 of the seawater flash desalination system for heat exchange with seawater, wherein the flue gas at 160-170°C is absorbed by seawater and then the temperature is reduced to 80-90°C and then exhausted The pipe is discharged, and the temperature of the heat-exchanging seawater rises to 95-100°C after absorbing the waste heat of the flue gas, and the hot seawater at 95-100°C flows out from the waste heat recovery device 3 in the first-stage flash tank 11, The secondary flash tank 34 is flashed into low-pressure saturated steam with corresponding temperatures of 80-85°C and 55-60°C respectively, wherein the 80-85°C saturated steam generated by the primary flash tank 11 enters the The steam compressor 22 is compressed by the steam compressor 22 into superheated steam at 145-150°C, and the superheated steam at 145-150°C discharged by the steam compressor 22 is used to drive the absorption heat pump unit 40 to work, and the The 55-60°C saturated steam generated by the secondary flash tank 34 is condensed by normal-temperature seawater in the condenser 37 into distilled fresh water and enters the fresh water bucket 38; the absorption type driven by 145-150°C superheated The evaporator (30) and the condenser (39) in the heat pump unit 40 will generate cooling and heat respectively, wherein the cooling generated by the evaporator 30 is used for the cooling air conditioning of the cabin in a hot environment, and The heat generated by the condenser 39 is used for heating and air conditioning of the cabin in a cold environment; thus, in the waste heat boiler system, the Rankine cycle system of organic working medium, the seawater flash desalination system and the absorption With the cooperation of the type heat pump system, the quadruple generation effect of cooling, heating, electricity and desalination is realized by cascade utilization of ship flue gas waste heat at 350-80 °C.

In order to further clarify and understand the working method of a cascaded utilization of ship waste heat in the present invention, the working method of the above-mentioned working method is described in detail, and the specific working process is as follows:

The flue gas at 340-350°C flows into the waste heat boiler system through the flue gas cavity 2, and the working medium water in the waste heat boiler system flows out from the lower left outlet of the waste heat boiler 24 and is sent in by the circulation pump 7. In the boiler heat exchanger 5, the working medium water exchanges heat with the flue gas flowing outside the boiler heat exchanger 5, and the working medium water in the boiler heat exchanger 5 After absorbing the heat of the flue gas, it turns into a steam-water mixture, and the steam-water mixture flows back to the waste heat boiler 24 from the upper left inlet of the waste heat boiler 24 and completes the vapor-liquid separation in the waste heat boiler 24, and then flows back into the waste heat boiler 24. The liquid part of the mixture is sent to the boiler heat exchanger 5 along the pipeline by the circulation pump 7 to exchange heat with the flue gas again, and the water vapor separated by the waste heat boiler 24 exits from the top of the waste heat boiler 24 The outflow enters the boiler superheater 6 along the pipeline and is heated by flue gas at 340-350°C to become superheated steam. The superheated steam flows out from the boiler superheater 6 along the pipeline and enters the steam turbine to expand and do work. The energy conversion process of 'heat-work-electricity', and the exhaust steam after work is condensed by seawater and then enters the waste heat boiler 24 from the lower right inlet of the waste heat boiler 24 along the pipeline, and the working medium water is converted into the waste heat boiler 24. Closed circulation in the boiler system, after the flue gas at 340-350°C flows through the boiler superheater 6 and the boiler heat exchanger 5 of the waste heat boiler system to absorb waste heat by water vapor and working medium water respectively, The flue gas temperature is reduced to 210-220°C;

The 210-220°C flue gas discharged from the boiler heat exchanger 5 enters the working medium heat exchanger 4 of the organic working medium Rankine cycle system to exchange heat with the organic working medium liquid, and the organic working medium liquid absorbs The heat of the flue gas evaporates into organic working medium steam with a certain working ability, and the organic working medium steam flows out from the working medium heat exchanger 4 and enters the turbine 25 along the pipeline to expand and perform work, and the turbine 25 The output shaft work is transmitted to the steam compressor 22 through the shaft switcher 23 to drive the steam compressor 22 to work, while the exhaust steam of the organic working medium discharged from the turbine 25 is reheated from the steam compressor along the pipeline. The top inlet of the regenerator 9 enters the regenerator 9 to heat the organic working medium liquid from the cooler 19, and the cooled organic working medium exhaust steam flows out from the bottom outlet of the regenerator 9 and passes through the cooling pipe along the pipeline. The upper left inlet of the device 19 flows into the cooler 19, and the exhaust steam of the organic working medium is cooled into the organic working medium liquid by the normal temperature seawater pumped by the No. The upper right outlet of the cooler 19 flows out along the pipeline from the right inlet of the regenerator 9 and flows into the regenerator 9, and the organic working medium liquid absorbs the organic working medium from the turbine 25 in the regenerator 9. After the heat of the steam, the temperature rises, and the heated organic working medium liquid flows out from the left outlet of the regenerator 9, passes through the working medium pump 8, enters the working medium heat exchanger 4 and continues to be heated at 210-220°C Flue gas heat exchange to complete the heat-to-power organic working medium Rankine cycle, and the temperature of the flue gas at 210-220°C flowing through the working medium heat exchanger 4 is reduced to 160-220°C after being absorbed by the organic working medium liquid. 170°C;

The 160-170°C flue gas flowing out from the working medium heat exchanger 4 enters the waste heat recovery device 3 of the seawater flash desalination system, and the seawater is sent into the waste heat by the No. 1 seawater pump 1 along the pipeline. Recycler 3, the other way enters the cooler 19 through the No. 2 seawater pump 36 to cool the exhaust steam of the organic working medium and then enters the waste heat recovery device 3. The flue gas performs heat exchange, in which the temperature of the seawater rises to 95-100°C, while the temperature of the flue gas decreases to 80-90°C and is discharged along the discharge pipe. 3 flows out and is divided into two parts at the inlet of the No. 1 spray pump 10 and the No. 1 flow valve 12, wherein the first part of seawater enters through the No. 1 spray pump 10 and is pumped by the No. 1 vacuum pump 20 in advance. The primary flash tank 11 with a negative pressure value of 0.0474-0.0579 MPa is sprayed and atomized at the nozzle 17; the second part of seawater enters the No. 1 coil 13 through the first flow valve 12 , the seawater releases heat in the No. 1 coil 13, providing the heat absorbed by the evaporation of the first part of the sprayed and atomized seawater; the first part of the sprayed and atomized seawater absorbs its own heat and the second After part of the heat from the seawater, the first-stage flash tank 11 in the negative pressure state flashes into saturated steam at 80-85°C, and the second part of seawater after releasing the heat flows out from the No. 1 coil 13, and The first part of the first part of the first flash tank 11 flowing out from the bottom of the primary flash tank 11 is sprayed and atomized and mixed with non-flashed seawater at a temperature between 80 and 85°C. The mixed seawater flows between the No. 2 spray pump 15 and the No. The inlet of the flow valve 14 is further divided into two parts, wherein the first part of the mixed seawater enters the secondary flash tank with a negative pressure value of 0.0157-0.0199 MPa previously pumped by the No. 2 vacuum pump 32 through the No. 2 spray pump 15. Steam tank 34, and spray and atomize at the nozzle 17; the second part of mixed seawater enters the No. 2 coil 35 through the second flow valve 14, and the mixed seawater is released in the No. 2 coil 35 Heat, providing the heat absorbed by the evaporation of the first part of the sprayed and atomized mixed seawater; after the first part of the sprayed and atomized mixed seawater absorbs its own heat and the heat of the second part of the mixed seawater in the No. The secondary flash tank 34 in the state is flashed into saturated steam at 55-60°C, and the second part of mixed seawater after releasing heat flows out from the No. 2 coil 35 and is discharged to the sea along the pipeline. The first part of the mixed seawater that flows out of the bottom of the flash tank 34 after being sprayed and atomized and not flashed is also discharged to the sea along the pipeline, wherein the 55-60°C saturated steam generated by the secondary flash tank 34 is discharged from the secondary flash tank 34 The top outlet of the steam tank 34 flows out along the pipeline into the condenser 37, and the normal temperature seawater extracted by the No. 2 seawater pump 36 is condensed into distilled fresh water in the condenser 37, and the distilled fresh water is extracted from the condenser 37. The outlet on the right side flows out and enters the fresh water barrel 38 along the pipeline, while the seawater cooled by the saturated steam in the condenser 37 flows along the pipeline. At the same time, the sixth shut-off valve 18 is closed, and the 80-85°C saturated steam produced by the primary flash tank 11 enters the steam compressor 22 along the pipeline, and the input of the steam compressor 22 The shaft is connected with the output shaft of the turbine 25 through a shaft switcher 23, and the steam compressor 22 is driven by the turbine 25 of the organic working medium Rankine cycle system, saturated at 80-85°C The steam is compressed into superheated steam at 145-150°C in the steam compressor 22, and the superheated steam at 145-150°C discharged from the steam compressor 22 enters the generator 31 of the absorption heat pump unit 40 along the pipeline Condensation heat release in the middle, the heat released by the superheated steam at 145-150°C in the generator 31 drives the work of the absorption heat pump unit 40, the evaporator 30 and the condenser of the absorption heat pump unit 40 39 will generate cooling and heat respectively, and the temperature of the superheated steam after releasing the heat is reduced to 85-90°C, and enters the fresh water bucket 38 along the pipeline in the form of fresh water;

The cold generated by the evaporator 30 and the heat released by the condenser 39 in the absorption heat pump unit 40 are used for the temperature comfort air conditioning of the cabin of the ship. According to the different working conditions of the cabin of the ship, the absorption Type heat pump unit 40 is divided into cooling air conditioning operation and heating air conditioning operation;

During cooling air conditioning operation, the first shut-off valve 29 and the second shut-off valve 28 are opened, the third shut-off valve 42 and the fourth shut-off valve 41 are closed, and the refrigerant water is released in the evaporator 30 Heat, the cooled refrigerant water is sent into the fan coil unit 26 by the water supply pump 27, the refrigerant water in the fan coil unit 26 absorbs the heat of the surrounding air, and the cooled ambient air has the fan coil unit 26 The built-in frequency conversion fan enters and exits the room to realize the comfort adjustment of cabin air cooling. The refrigerant water after heat absorption flows out from the fan coil unit 26 and returns to the evaporator 30 along the pipeline to complete the closed cycle of refrigerant water; heating When the air conditioner is running, the third shut-off valve 42 and the fourth shut-off valve 41 are opened, the first shut-off valve 29 and the second shut-off valve 28 are closed, and the heat medium water is absorbed in the condenser 39 The heated heat medium water is sent into the fan coil unit 26 by the water supply pump 27, and the heat medium water in the fan coil unit 26 releases heat to the surrounding air, and the heated surrounding air has the fan coil unit The built-in frequency conversion fan in 26 enters and exits the room to realize the comfort adjustment of cabin air temperature rise, and the heat medium water after heat release flows out from the fan coil 26 and returns to the condenser 39 along the pipeline to complete the closed cycle of heat medium water ;

When the cabin of the ship does not require air comfort adjustment, the absorption heat pump unit 40 does not work, the sixth shut-off valve 18 is opened, and the 80-85°C saturated steam generated by the first-stage flash tank 11 enters the In the condenser 37, the saturated steam at 80-85°C is extracted by the No. 2 seawater pump 36, and the normal-temperature seawater is condensed into distilled fresh water in the condenser 37, and the distilled fresh water flows out from the outlet on the right side of the condenser 37 Enter the fresh water bucket 38, the output shaft of the turbine 25 is connected with the input shaft of the generator 21 through the shaft switcher 23, the turbine 25 drives the generator 21 to generate electricity, Complete the transformation process of heat-work-electricity.

The above process is the detailed work of waste heat boiler system, organic working medium Rankine cycle system, and seawater flash desalination system for cascade recycling of ship waste heat, plus absorption heat pump system to realize the use of ship main engine waste heat to obtain cooling, heating, power and desalination benefits method.

The above is a specific description of the present invention, which is only the best embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. All modifications, equivalent replacements, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be within the scope of protection of the present invention. within.

Claims (10)

1. A quadruple cogeneration device for cooling, heating, electricity, and desalination with cascade utilization of ship waste heat, including a waste heat boiler system, an organic working medium Rankine cycle system, an absorption heat pump system, a seawater flash desalination system, a flue gas chamber (2), A shaft switch (23) and a generator (21), wherein the waste heat boiler system includes: a boiler heat exchanger (5), a boiler superheater (6), a circulation pump (7) and a waste heat boiler (24), the The lower left outlet of the waste heat boiler (24) is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump (7), the outlet of the circulation pump (7) is connected to the inlet of the boiler heat exchanger (5), and the outlet of the boiler heat exchanger (5) is connected to the The upper left inlet of the waste heat boiler (24), the top outlet of the waste heat boiler (24) is connected to the inlet of the boiler superheater (6); the organic working medium Rankine cycle system includes: working medium heat exchanger (4), turbine machine (25), regenerator (9), cooler (19) and working fluid pump (8), the upper right outlet of the cooler (19) is connected to the right inlet of the regenerator (9), and the regenerator The outlet on the left side of the heater (9) is connected to the inlet of the working fluid pump (8), the outlet of the working fluid pump (8) is connected to the inlet of the working fluid heat exchanger (4), and the working fluid heat exchanger (4) ) outlet is connected to the inlet of the turbine (25), the outlet of the turbine (25) is connected to the upper inlet of the regenerator (9), and the outlet of the lower part of the regenerator (9) is connected to the cooler ( 19) Upper left entrance; the absorption heat pump system includes: absorption heat pump unit (40), generator (31), evaporator (30), condenser (39), first cut-off valve (29), second cut-off valve valve (28), the third shut-off valve (42), the fourth shut-off valve (41), the water supply pump (27) and the fan coil unit (26), and the generator ( 31) and the evaporator (30) and the condenser (39), the upper right outlet of the evaporator (30) communicates with the inlet of the second stop valve (28), and the upper left outlet of the condenser (39) communicates The inlet of the third shut-off valve (42), the outlets of the second shut-off valve (28) and the third shut-off valve (42) are connected to the inlet of the water supply pump (27), and the outlet of the water supply pump (27) The inlet of the fan coil (26) is connected, the outlet of the fan coil (26) is connected to the inlet of the first shut-off valve (29) and the fourth shut-off valve (41), and the first shut-off valve ( 29) The outlet is connected to the upper left inlet of the evaporator (30), and the outlet of the fourth stop valve (41) is connected to the inlet of the condenser (39); the seawater flash desalination system includes: No. 1 seawater pump (1) , waste heat recovery device (3), No. 1 spray pump (10), No. 1 flow valve (12), No. 1 coil (13), primary flash tank (11), fifth shut-off valve (16), No. 1 vacuum pump (20), nozzle (17), sixth stop valve (18), steam compressor (22), No. 2 spray pump (15), No. 2 flow valve (14), No. 2 coil pipe (35 ), the secondary flash tank (34), the seventh shut-off valve (33), the No. 2 vacuum pump ( 32), No. two seawater pump (36), condenser (37) and fresh water bucket (38), described No. two seawater pump (36) inlet extends to seawater place through pipeline, described No. two seawater pump (36) One way of the outlet is connected to the lower left inlet of the condenser (37), the other is connected to the lower right inlet of the cooler (19) in the rankine cycle system of organic working fluid, and the lower right outlet of the condenser (37) is connected to The inlet of the No. 1 seawater pump (1), meanwhile, the inlet of the No. 1 seawater pump (1) also extends to the seawater through a pipeline, and the outlet of the No. 1 seawater pump (1) is connected to the outlet of the cooler (19). The lower left outlet is connected to the inlet of the waste heat recovery device (3), and the outlet of the waste heat recovery device (3) is connected to the inlet of the No. 1 spray pump (10) and the No. 1 flow valve (12). The outlet of the spray pump (10) communicates with the blind pipe where the nozzle (17) is arranged on the top of the primary flash tank (11), and the outlet of the No. 1 flow valve (12) communicates with the primary flash tank ( 11) The inlet of the No. 1 coil (13) in the middle, the outlet of the No. 1 coil (13) and the outlet at the bottom of the primary flash tank (11) are connected to the No. 2 spray pump (15) and The inlet of the No. 2 flow valve (14), the right side of the primary flash tank (11) communicates with the No. 1 vacuum pump (20) through the fifth shut-off valve (16), and the primary flash tank (11) is connected to the No. 1 vacuum pump (20). The outlet at the top of the tank (11) is connected to the inlet of the steam compressor (22) and the sixth shut-off valve (18), and the outlet of the steam compressor (22) is connected to the inlet of the absorption heat pump unit (40). The inlet of the generator (31), the outlet of the generator (31) is connected to the top inlet of the fresh water barrel (38), and the outlet of the No. 2 spray pump (15) is connected to the upper part of the secondary flash tank (34). There is a blind pipe of the nozzle (17), the outlet of the No. 2 flow valve (14) is connected to the inlet of the No. 2 coil (35) in the middle of the secondary flash tank (34), and the No. 2 coil Both the outlet of the pipe (35) and the bottom outlet of the secondary flash tank (34) extend to the seawater through pipelines, and the right side of the secondary flash tank (34) communicates with all the outlets through the seventh shut-off valve (33). The No. 2 vacuum pump (32), the outlet at the top of the secondary flash tank (34) and the outlet of the sixth stop valve (18) are connected to the left inlet of the condenser (37), and the condenser ( 37) The outlet on the right is connected to the top inlet of the fresh water barrel (38), and the output shaft of the turbine (25) is connected to the input shaft of the steam compressor (22) or the generator ( 21) Input shaft transmission connection, the flue gas cavity (2) is arranged in sequence from the inlet to the outlet of the boiler superheater (6), the boiler heat exchanger (5), the working medium heat exchanger (4 ) and the waste heat recovery device (3). 2. The cascade utilization type cooling, heating, electricity, and desalination quadruple generation device for ship waste heat according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fan coil unit (26) has a built-in frequency conversion fan. 3. According to claim 1, a ship waste heat cascade utilization type cooling, heating, electricity, and desalination quadruple cogeneration device is characterized in that: the boiler superheater (6), the boiler heat exchanger (5), the working Both the mass heat exchanger (4) and the waste heat recovery device (3) are spiral tube heat exchangers or finned tube heat exchangers, and the heat exchange mode between the working fluid and the flue gas is countercurrent heat exchange. 4. A cascade utilization type cooling, heating, electricity, and desalination four-cogeneration device for ship waste heat according to claim 1, characterized in that: the regenerator (9) is a casing heat exchanger or a brazed plate heat exchanger . 5. A cascade utilization type cooling, heating, electricity, and desalination four-cogeneration device for ship waste heat according to claim 1, characterized in that: the condenser (37) and the cooler (19) are both shell-and-tube heat exchange or plate heat exchanger. 6. A cascade utilization type cooling, heating, electricity, and desalination four-cogeneration device for ship waste heat according to claim 1, characterized in that: the evaporator (30) and the condenser (39) are both shell-and-tube heat exchangers or plate heat exchanger. 7. A cascade utilization type cooling, heating, electricity, and desalination four-cogeneration device for ship waste heat according to claim 1, characterized in that: the steam compressor (22) is a screw type steam compressor or a centrifugal type steam compressor. 8. A cascaded utilization of waste heat in ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: the generator (21) is a synchronous alternator or an asynchronous alternator. 9. A cascaded utilization of waste heat from ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: the No. 1 seawater pump (1), the No. 2 seawater pump (36), the No. 1 spray The pump (10) and No. 2 spray pump (15) are both centrifugal seawater pumps or axial flow seawater pumps; the circulation pump (7), working fluid pump (8) and water supply pump (27) are all single-stage Centrifugal pump or axial circulation pump. 10. According to any one of claims 1 to 9, the working method of a ship waste heat cascade utilization type cooling, heating, electricity and desalination quadruple generation device is characterized in that it has the following working method: After the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the main engine of the ship is initially utilized by the power turbine, the temperature is reduced to 340-350°C, and the flue gas at 340-350°C flows through the waste heat boiler system in the flue gas lumen (2) sequentially. After the boiler superheater (6) and the boiler heat exchanger (5) recover and utilize the waste heat of the flue gas by the waste heat boiler (24), the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 210-220°C, and the waste heat boiler (24) The high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated enters the steam turbine to expand and do work, and the steam turbine drives the generating set to generate electricity to complete the transformation work of "heat-work-electricity"; the flue gas at 210-220°C after primary utilization enters the organic plant The working medium heat exchanger (4) of the Mass Rankine cycle system exchanges heat with the organic working medium liquid, and after the waste heat of the flue gas is absorbed by the organic working medium liquid, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 160-170°C, while the organic working medium liquid Then after absorbing the waste heat of the flue gas, the organic working medium steam enters the turbine (25) to expand and do work, and the output shaft of the turbine (25) is connected to the generator (21), the steam compressor The input shaft of (22) is connected through the shaft switch (23), and the turbine (25) drives the generator (21) to generate electricity, and also completes the conversion work of "heat-power-electricity", or drives The steam compressor (22) compresses low-temperature saturated steam into high-temperature superheated steam to improve steam quality; the flue gas at 160-170°C after secondary utilization enters the waste heat recovery device (3) of the seawater flash desalination system Heat exchange with seawater, in which the flue gas at 160-170°C is absorbed by the seawater and the temperature is reduced to 80-90°C and then discharged along the exhaust pipe, while the temperature of the heat-exchanging seawater rises to 95°C after absorbing the waste heat of the flue gas ～100°C, 95～100°C hot seawater flows out from the waste heat recovery device (3) and flashes to the corresponding temperature in the primary flash tank (11) and the secondary flash tank (34) successively Low-pressure saturated steam of 80-85°C and 55-60°C, respectively, wherein the 80-85°C saturated steam produced by the primary flash tank (11) enters the steam compressor (22) and is compressed by the steam compressor (22) Compressed into superheated steam of 145-150°C, the 145-150°C superheated steam discharged from the steam compressor (22) is used to drive the absorption heat pump unit (40), and the secondary flash steam The 55-60°C saturated steam produced by the tank (34) is condensed by normal-temperature seawater in the condenser (37) into distilled fresh water and enters the fresh water barrel (38); the steam driven by the 145-150°C superheated steam The evaporator (30) and the condenser (39) in the absorption heat pump unit (40) will generate cold and heat respectively, wherein the cold generated by the evaporator (30) is used in the cabin under the hot environment cooling air conditioning, and the heat generated by the condenser (39) is used for warming air conditioning in the cabin under cold environment; The flash desalination system and the absorption heat pump system are implemented together The effect of quadruple generation of cooling, heating, electricity, and desalination by cascade utilization of ship flue gas waste heat of 350-80°C has been realized.