CN107505853A - A kind of generator brush slip ring burn method for diagnosing faults - Google Patents
A kind of generator brush slip ring burn method for diagnosing faults Download PDFInfo
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- CN107505853A CN107505853A CN201710741099.4A CN201710741099A CN107505853A CN 107505853 A CN107505853 A CN 107505853A CN 201710741099 A CN201710741099 A CN 201710741099A CN 107505853 A CN107505853 A CN 107505853A
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- slip ring
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- electric brush
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B17/00—Systems involving the use of models or simulators of said systems
- G05B17/02—Systems involving the use of models or simulators of said systems electric
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of generator brush slip ring burn method for diagnosing faults, slip ring burning fault is simulated by simulation software, the failure phase exciting current before and after failure is handled based on HHT transformation theories, finds out fault characteristic value；Actual measurement exciting current signal and with Hilbert spectrograms to flowing through the exciting current Treatment Analysis of slip ring, using periodical high-frequency component as judging whether slip ring occurs the foundation of burn failure and by the feasibility of contrast verification this method with simulation result；For the present invention based on the theoretical generator brush slip ring burn method for diagnosing faults accurate and effective of Hilbert-Huang transform, diagnosis accuracy is high, workable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of generator brush slip ring burn method for diagnosing faults, belong to technical field of generators.
Background technology
Double-fed asynchronous influence generator (DFIG) is by its own rotational speed regulation is sensitive, power conversion is two-way, VFC
Flexibly the features such as, is widely used in wind generator system.As the sound switching device of generator, operating electric brush slip ring system
System break down and cause generator can not stable operation phenomenon common occurrence, when serious even occur that generator brush emits
Fiery phenomenon simultaneously forms ring fire, is shut down after causing unit load shedding.At the same time, the line service amount of electric brush slip ring system
It is big, it is necessary to often carry out hand inspection and device more changes jobs, be particularly in image height height above sea level, low pressure, high humility etc. these
Wind turbines under adverse circumstances, this will increase electric brush slip ring system maintenance, repair work difficulty and more human and material resources and
The input of financial resources.
It is similar with the electric brush slip ring system of conventional electric generators, the double-fed asynchronous generator electric brush slip ring system failure is examined
Disconnected and monitoring method is varied, but the also unstructured ripe system of research for failure of being burnt to slip ring, therefore is difficult to grasp
The operating condition of motor brush slip ring and carry out repairing accurately and timely.So far, conventional monitoring method has：Electric brush slip ring
Between spark arc monitoring, electric brush slip ring temperature monitoring and electric brush slip ring system vibration monitoring.There is scholar with double-fed asynchronous generator
Electric brush slip ring is research object, quantitative analysis influence of the unstable contact of electric brush slip ring to rotor current, but suffered motor
Itself and external interference are too big, have certain limitation；There is scholar to be embedded into thermocouple deep away from 0.15~0.25mm of contact surface
The Contact Temperature of brush and slip ring is measured in brush at degree, practical operation technique is relatively complicated, and precision requires very high；
Newest method uses infrared temperature probe non-cpntact measurement slip ring surface temperature, passes through communication bus real-time Transmission temperature number
According to, and temperature alarm function is set, but accuracy of detection is not high, it is impossible to and it is stable to reflect burn of the motor at electric brush slip ring in real time
Fault degree.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome deficiency of the prior art, there is provided a kind of generator brush slip ring burn failure is examined
Disconnected method, solves the technical problem that electric brush slip ring fault diagnosis accuracy is not high in the prior art, operability is not strong.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of generator brush slip ring burn event
Hinder diagnostic method, comprise the following steps：
Using the different degrees of burn failure of simulation software construction generator brush slip ring, it is normal that emulation obtains electric brush slip ring
Run and occur to flow through the exciting current of electric brush slip ring during burn failure in various degree；
The exciting current that electric brush slip ring is flowed through to electric brush slip ring normal operation and when burn failure in various degree occurs is distinguished
HHT conversion is carried out, obtains flowing through the reference hilbert spectrum of electric brush slip ring exciting current under different running statuses；
The actual exciting current for flowing through electric brush slip ring of generator to be diagnosed is gathered, and carries out HHT conversion, obtains actual motion
The actual hilbert spectrum of electric brush slip ring exciting current is flowed through under state；
By actual hilbert spectrum with being contrasted with reference to hilbert spectrum, fault signature component is found out, is sent out as judgement
The diagnosis basis of burn failure occurs for motor brush slip ring.
The specific method that emulation obtains the exciting current for flowing through electric brush slip ring corresponding to burn failure in various degree is as follows：
The numerical model of electric brush slip ring all-in resistance is established using simulation software, simulates brush before and after electric brush slip ring burn failure
The all-in resistance Time Domain Spectrum of slip ring；
According to all-in resistance by burn fault impact before and after situation of change and resistance size establish electric brush slip ring dynamic electric resistor
Circuit model, obtain electric brush slip ring normal operation and occur to flow through the exciting current of electric brush slip ring during burn failure in various degree.
The simulation software is PSCAD/EMTDC power system simulation softwares.
The specific method that the numerical model of electric brush slip ring all-in resistance is established using simulation software is as follows：
According to the transient expression formula of electric brush slip ring all-in resistance, electric brush slip ring contact resistance is simulated using randomizer
With the change in resistance of brush resistance；
Using PSCAD system functions construction resistance slip ring operation resistance, pass through the operation of trigonometric function simulation electric brush slip ring
Time, the periodic breaks of contact resistance after electric brush slip ring generation burn failure are set using pulse signal generator.
The specific method of HHT conversion is：
EMD decomposition is carried out to exciting current, obtains the intrinsic mode function of exciting current；
It is theoretical according to Hilbert-Huang transform, Hilbert conversion is carried out to each intrinsic mode function, obtains exciting current
Instantaneous frequency and instantaneous amplitude, draw exciting current Hilbert spectrum.
Judge that the specific method of generator brush slip ring generation burn failure is as follows：
By actual hilbert spectrum with being contrasted with reference to hilbert spectrum, using periodical high-frequency component as fault signature
Component, judges whether electric brush slip ring occurs failure of burning.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that is reached of the present invention is：
1st, it is not required to double-fed asynchronous generator and electric brush slip ring system to be separated to study respectively, ensure that motor overall structure
The integrality of operation, workable, diagnostic result is accurate, reliable；
2nd, avoid by motor in itself and external interference, diagnostic result is effective, and diagnosis accuracy is high.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention；
The numerical model of all-in resistance when Fig. 2 is double-fed asynchronous blower fan electric brush slip ring normal operation；
Fig. 3 is the numerical model that all-in resistance during burn failure occurs for double-fed asynchronous blower fan electric brush slip ring；
Fig. 4 is the circuit model before and after double-fed asynchronous blower fan electric brush slip ring all-in resistance failure；
Fig. 5 is EMD decomposition process figure in Hilbert-Huang transform theory；
Fig. 6 is the experimental principle figure for simulating double-fed asynchronous blower fan electric brush slip ring failure；
7 layers of IMF exploded views of exciting current are surveyed when Fig. 7 is electric brush slip ring normal operation；
Fig. 8 is that electric brush slip ring occurs to survey 7 layers of IMF exploded views of exciting current during burn failure；
Fig. 9 is that electric brush slip ring occurs to emulate during burn failure and the Hibert of actual measurement exciting current is composed.
Embodiment
Consider that generator brush slip ring surface is normal, two kinds of situations of burn occur for single-phase slip ring surface in the present invention.Base
In a kind of generator brush slip ring burn method for diagnosing faults of the theoretical proposition of Hilbert-Huang transform, this method is applied to double-fed
The diagnosis and judgement of asynchronous wind driven generator electric brush slip ring early burn failure, arrange to carry out pretreatment for the deterioration of failure
Apply.Electric brush slip ring burn failure occurs for double-fed asynchronous blower fan, this method passes through PSCAD/EMTDC power system simulation softwares
Simulate slip ring burning fault；It is next based on HHT transformation theories to handle the failure phase exciting current before and after failure, finds out event
Hinder characteristic quantity；Finally build system experimental platform actual measurement exciting current signal and encouraged with Hilbert spectrograms flowing through slip ring
Magnetoelectricity stream process analyze, using periodical high-frequency component as judge slip ring whether occur burn failure foundation and by and emulate
The feasibility of contrast verification this method as a result；As a result prove based on the theoretical double-fed asynchronous wind-force hair of Hilbert-Huang transform
Motor brush slip ring burn method for diagnosing faults accurate and effective, diagnosis accuracy is high, workable.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Following examples are only used for clearly illustrating the present invention
Technical scheme, and can not be limited the scope of the invention with this.
As shown in figure 1, be the flow chart of the present invention, a kind of generator brush slip ring burn method for diagnosing faults, specific bag
Include following steps：
Step 1：Using the different degrees of burn failure of simulation software construction generator brush slip ring, emulation obtains brush
Slip ring normal operation and occur to flow through the exciting current of electric brush slip ring during obvious burn failure；
The present invention proposes the concept of electric brush slip ring operation state resistance, and is based on PSCAD/EMTDC electric system simulations
Software establishes the numerical model of electric brush slip ring all-in resistance, simulates the all-in resistance Time Domain Spectrum of electric brush slip ring before and after slip ring burn failure,
Situation of change and resistance size of the observation analysis all-in resistance before and after by fault impact, and then be dual-feed asynchronous wind power generator brush
The modeling of slip ring resistance circuit provides numerical value support；From the angle of electric brush slip ring resistance, in PSCAD/EMTDC power systems
Electric brush slip ring dynamic electric resistor circuit model is established on emulation platform, to flow through the excitation of brush in electric brush slip ring system operation
Electric current is main study subject, and double-fed asynchronous generator brush operation stability is analyzed, and obtains slip ring failure phase surface
The exciting current of electric brush slip ring is flowed through before and after burn.
Electric brush slip ring all-in resistance is that slip ring runs resistance and the two contact resistance sum.Two resistance are carried out at series connection
Reason, the numerical model of electric brush slip ring resistance is established using PSCAD/EMTDC power system simulation softwares.It is as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3
Double fed asynchronous machine is in normal operation and the electric brush slip ring all-in resistance numerical model system of generation slip ring burn two kinds of situations of failure.
Electric brush slip ring operation resistance expression formula derives as follows：
Slip ring runs the calculation formula of resistance：
In formula：δ is the angle of brush and slip ring header contacts.
Two sections of slip ring arc length determine the size of two sections of resistance, and its respective resistance can be represented by the formula：
In formula：A accumulates for slip ring radial section；ρ is slip ring resistivity；L1、L2For the two-part arc length (brush contact of slip ring
To lead-out wire).
L1(δ)、L2The size of (δ) is relevant with slip ring rotational angular velocity, and its calculation formula is：
In formula：R is slip ring radius.
And δ is determined by slip ring speed f and run time t, can be represented by the formula：
δ (t)=ft360 formulas 4
The transient expression formula of slip ring operation resistance is in one swing circle of slip ring：
Therefore slip ring operation resistance does cyclically-varying with the parabolic, change frequency is equal to slip ring rotational frequency.
The randomizer carried on PSCAD software platforms using software simulates electric brush slip ring contact resistance and electricity
The change in resistance of brush resistance；By the PSCAD system function structure, running resistance of formula 5；Simulation brush is triggered by trigonometric function to slide
The run time of ring；The periodic breaks of contact resistance after slip ring generation burn failure are set using pulse number generator；
As shown in figure 4, angle of the present invention from electric brush slip ring all-in resistance, electricity is established using PSCAD/EMTDC softwares
Brush slip ring dynamic electric resistor, using the brush current of electric brush slip ring system operation as main study subject, to double-fed asynchronous generating
Electromechanical brush operation stability is analyzed, using the brush distribution situation of YKYF1500-4 air-cooled double-fed asynchronous generators as ginseng
According to, on slip ring brush distribution simplify.Dotted-line ellipse mark is double-fed asynchronous generator electric brush slip ring system in figure
Based on the installation site of system, the dual-feed asynchronous wind power generator carried by PSCAD softwares and grid-connected system module, in rotor-side
R1, R2, R3 are sealed in respectively in embedded module A, B, C three-phase of current transformer and controller, represent brush-slip ring in rotor three-phase
Device.
In double-fed asynchronous generator electric brush slip ring system During Process of Long-term Operation, due to brush wear, pressure reduction, contact surface
A series of reasons such as dirt, abnormal vibration, frequently result in slip ring and the failure etc. such as overheat, burn, have a strong impact on that generator stable is transported
OK, these failures can be directly reflected into the change of electric brush slip ring contact resistance value and come up.Using pulse signal generator to cunning
Electric brush slip ring contact resistance during ring burn site carries out assignment, then reaches the mesh that analog simulation is carried out to slip ring burn failure
's.Under the good service condition of slip ring, the electric brush slip ring dynamic electric resistor numerical value in Fig. 2 is assigned to R1, R2, R3 respectively respectively；
Under slip ring burn malfunction, it is failure slip ring to set C phases slip ring, and the electric brush slip ring dynamic electric resistor numerical value in Fig. 2 is assigned respectively
R1, R2 are given, assigns the electric brush slip ring dynamic electric resistor numerical value in Fig. 3 to R3；
Step 2：The exciting current point of electric brush slip ring is flowed through to electric brush slip ring normal operation and when obvious burn failure occurs
Not carry out HHT conversion, obtain flowing through the reference hilbert spectrum of electric brush slip ring exciting current under different running statuses；
Step 3：The actual exciting current for flowing through electric brush slip ring of generator to be diagnosed is gathered, and carries out HHT conversion, is obtained
The actual hilbert spectrum of electric brush slip ring exciting current is flowed through under actual motion state；
HHT transform methods can simultaneously signal Analysis in the three-dimensional distribution situation of time domain, frequency domain, energy, it by EMD and
Hilbert converts two parts composition, and EMD decomposes the intrinsic mode function (IMF) for being used for extracting signal；Then to each mode function
Carry out Hilbert conversion, you can obtain instantaneous frequency and instantaneous amplitude, electrical equipment event can be diagnosed exactly with more efficient
Barrier, the decomposition process figure of EMD in HHT is illustrated in figure 5, it comprises the following steps that shown：
The first step is empirical mode decomposition：
(1) primary signal x (t) all maximum points are determined, are fitted to form former data with cubic spline functions
Coenvelope line；All minimum points are determined, the lower envelope line of former data is fitted with same method.
(2) m is assumed1It is the average value of required upper lower envelope in (1), makes h1=x (t)-m1.If h1It is a natural mode
State function, then h1It is x (t) one-component.
(3) if h1It is not an IMF, then with h1For primary signal, (1), (2) two steps are repeated.I.e., it is assumed that m11It is
h1Upper lower envelope average, make h11=h1-m11.Judge h11Whether it is IMF.Such as it is unsatisfactory for, again with h11For original signal.So
Circulation n times, until h1n=h1(n-1)-m1nMeet IMF condition.
(4) c is remembered1=h1n, c1It is exactly x (t) first IMF component.
(5) r is remembered1=x (t)-c1, by r1As primary signal, repeat the above steps again, each step all extracts one
IMF, obtain：
(6) when proceeding to rnWhen can not extract IMF again, by r nownSeparately as one-component, turn into remaining point
Amount.So, original signal can be expressed as
In formula, c1、c2... it is the IMF components of original signal, each self-contained different frequency component.
HHT method second steps, Hilbert conversion：
(1) Hilbert conversion is carried out to each IMF components of original signal, its process can be write as：
(2) complex function is constructed
Try to achieve its amplitude aiAnd phase (t)Instantaneous frequency ω is obtained according to phase and cani(t)。
(3) hilbert spectrum of each IMF component is calculated：
From can be seen that empirical mode decomposition method the step of decomposition there is adaptivity, different from Fourier transform and
Wavelet transformation.The each IMF components obtained after decomposition include the physical message of oneself.It is right after the IMF components of signal are obtained
It carries out Hilbert transform, and the instantaneous frequency and amplitude of each IMF components are tried to achieve by tectonic knot complex function.HHT methods
Can signal Analysis, can be with more efficient accurately diagnosis electrical equipment in the three-dimensional distribution situation of time domain, frequency domain, energy simultaneously
Failure.
It is illustrated in figure 6 the experimental principle figure for simulating double-fed asynchronous blower fan electric brush slip ring failure.Burnt for specific research slip ring
The interference of other influences factor when hindering the influence of failure and evading double feedback electric engine work, directly apply excitation electricity at electric brush slip ring
Swaging is into specific branch loop.Y connection is used to three slip ring leads.Low-pressure side is carried out to laboratory 10kV/4kV transformers
Short circuit simulates double-fed asynchronous generator exciting current to obtain short circuit current.Current collecting device by current sensor, source of stable pressure,
The high Acquisition Instrument of multichannel Buddhist nun, microprocessor etc. form, and flow through the electric current of three-phase brush to measure and increase three groups of current transformers newly,
It is 1350rad/min to set slip ring rotating speed, and operating slip ring electrical quantity is monitored in real time by the high Acquisition Instrument of Buddhist nun, and record is slided respectively
Ring normal operation and the three-phase excitation current signal that burn failure occurs.
Step 4：By actual hilbert spectrum with contrasted with reference to hilbert spectrum, find out fault signature component, as
Judge that the diagnosis basis of burn failure occurs for generator brush slip ring.
By actual hilbert spectrum with being contrasted with reference to hilbert spectrum, using periodical high-frequency component as fault signature
Component, judges whether electric brush slip ring occurs failure of burning；
Being burnt as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8 for slip ring, failure is forward and backward to survey 7 layers of IMF exploded views of exciting current.For from time domain, frequency
The aspect of domain two reflects the feature of current signal, the C phase slip ring that to actual measurement obtains theoretical according to foregoing Hilbert-Huang transform simultaneously
Current signal before and after failure of burning carries out HHT conversion, observes obtained brush current in forward and backward 7 layers of slip ring burn failure
Intrinsic mode function IMF schemes, and 7 layers of empirical mode decomposition first layer to layer 7, its frequency band range is sequentially reduced.Compare Fig. 7, figure
It can be found that after burn failure occurs for slip ring, the amplitude of electric current high fdrequency component substantially increases IMF1-IMF3 in 8, compares
IMF4-IMF6 has found that change is little when electric current low frequency component is compared with normal operation during failure operation.Encouraged for intuitive and accurate reflection
Time-frequency situation of change of the magnetoelectricity stream after slip ring burns failure, further analyzes the uncommon of the slip ring burn forward and backward exciting current of failure
You compose Bert.
As shown in figure 9, exciting current emulates Hilbert spectrums when left figure is slip ring burn, right figure is that slip ring is surveyed when burning
Exciting current Hibert is composed, and exciting current frequency component is with the time when can intuitively, clearly find out slip ring generation burn failure
Situation of change.Under slip ring normal operating condition, flow through slip ring exciting current main energetic concentrate on low frequency component 50Hz with
Interior, within the sampling time of 2 seconds, low frequency component is persistently present and stability is higher, and the intermittent presence of high fdrequency component and energy
It is worth relatively low.When i.e. slip ring is well run, exciting current sinusoidal waveform is preferable and very stable, and harmonic phenomena is less, meets generator
Electricity generation grid-connecting requirement；Under slip ring failure operation state, the exciting current main energetic for flowing through slip ring still concentrates on low frequency component
Within 50Hz, it is the chief component of exciting current fundametal compoment to illustrate the low frequency component, and amplitude is larger, stability is higher；
And now there occurs more obvious change for high frequency components：It is significantly increased when more than 100Hz frequency component is more normal
(100Hz-300Hz performance notable), high fdrequency component is intermittent to be occurred, and change its totality over time shows certain week
Phase property, because brush is periodically contacted to caused by the influence of exciting current with slip ring burn site.By to emulation and in fact
The comparative analysis of failure excitation electric current Hibert spectrums is surveyed, it is found that its collection of illustrative plates variation tendency is consistent, is illustrated different with HHT methods analysis double-fed
It is feasible in practical engineering application to walk wind-driven generator slip ring burn failure, periodical high-frequency component in exciting current can be made
For fault signature component.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, some improvement and deformation can also be made, these are improved and deformation
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
- The method for diagnosing faults 1. a kind of generator brush slip ring is burnt, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：Using the different degrees of burn failure of simulation software construction generator brush slip ring, emulation obtains electric brush slip ring normal operation And occur to flow through the exciting current of electric brush slip ring during burn failure in various degree；The exciting current that electric brush slip ring is flowed through to electric brush slip ring normal operation and when burn failure in various degree occurs is carried out respectively HHT is converted, and obtains flowing through the reference hilbert spectrum of electric brush slip ring exciting current under different running statuses；The actual exciting current for flowing through electric brush slip ring of generator to be diagnosed is gathered, and carries out HHT conversion, obtains actual motion state Under flow through the actual hilbert spectrum of electric brush slip ring exciting current；By actual hilbert spectrum with being contrasted with reference to hilbert spectrum, fault signature component is found out, as judging generator The diagnosis basis of burn failure occurs for electric brush slip ring.
- The method for diagnosing faults 2. generator brush slip ring according to claim 1 is burnt, it is characterised in thatThe specific method that emulation obtains the exciting current for flowing through electric brush slip ring corresponding to burn failure in various degree is as follows：The numerical model of electric brush slip ring all-in resistance is established using simulation software, simulates electric brush slip ring before and after electric brush slip ring burn failure All-in resistance Time Domain Spectrum；According to all-in resistance by burn fault impact before and after situation of change and resistance size establish electric brush slip ring dynamic electric resistor circuit Model, obtain electric brush slip ring normal operation and occur to flow through the exciting current of electric brush slip ring during burn failure in various degree.
- The method for diagnosing faults 3. generator brush slip ring according to claim 2 is burnt, it is characterised in that the emulation is soft Part is PSCAD/EMTDC power system simulation softwares.
- The method for diagnosing faults 4. generator brush slip ring according to claim 3 is burnt, it is characterised in that soft using emulating The specific method that part establishes the numerical model of electric brush slip ring all-in resistance is as follows：According to the transient expression formula of electric brush slip ring all-in resistance, electric brush slip ring contact resistance and electricity are simulated using randomizer The change in resistance of brush resistance；Resistance is run using PSCAD system functions construction resistance slip ring, the run time of electric brush slip ring is simulated by trigonometric function, The periodic breaks of contact resistance after electric brush slip ring generation burn failure are set using pulse signal generator.
- The method for diagnosing faults 5. generator brush slip ring according to claim 1 is burnt, it is characterised in that the HHT becomes The specific method changed is：EMD decomposition is carried out to exciting current, obtains the intrinsic mode function of exciting current；It is theoretical according to Hilbert-Huang transform, Hilbert conversion is carried out to each intrinsic mode function, obtains the wink of exciting current When frequency and instantaneous amplitude, draw the Hilbert spectrums of exciting current.
- The method for diagnosing faults 6. generator brush slip ring according to claim 1 is burnt, it is characterised in that judge generator The specific method that burn failure occurs for electric brush slip ring is as follows：By actual hilbert spectrum with being contrasted with reference to hilbert spectrum, using periodical high-frequency component as fault signature point Amount, judges whether electric brush slip ring occurs failure of burning.
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| CN110687446A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2020-01-14 | 浙江运达风电股份有限公司 | Double-fed wind driven generator electric brush and slip ring early fault diagnosis method |
| CN110779701A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-02-11 | 上海电气风电集团股份有限公司 | Fault diagnosis method for electric brush slip ring system of offshore double-fed wind driven generator |
| CN111879514A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-03 | 南京机电职业技术学院 | Brushless direct current motor bearing fault diagnosis method based on ELM model |
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Application publication date: 20171222 |