CN107487846A - 一种适用于变水位的生态型硬质护岸 - Google Patents
一种适用于变水位的生态型硬质护岸 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107487846A CN107487846A CN201710767968.0A CN201710767968A CN107487846A CN 107487846 A CN107487846 A CN 107487846A CN 201710767968 A CN201710767968 A CN 201710767968A CN 107487846 A CN107487846 A CN 107487846A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Abstract
本发明公开了一种适用于变水位的生态型硬质护岸，护岸对称位于河道两旁，所述护岸呈一定的坡度设置，包括坡体以及种植在坡面上的植被种植区；所述植被种植区沿坡体倾斜方向依次为第一植被种植区和第二植被种植区；其中，所述第一植被种植区下方为水质净化区，水质净化区沿坡体倾斜方向依次为碎石层、椰壳活性炭层和吸氨石层；所述第二植被种植区下方的腔体内依次设有充氧区和厌氧区；腔体设有多个与河流连通的通道，腔体内还设有叶轮，叶轮通过设置在坡面上的太阳能电池板集能驱动。本发明生态型护岸结构不仅可利用变水位对河水进行进一步净化处理，同时还能消除变水位对护岸结构带来的负面影响，有效强化了护岸在单位面积上对初期雨水的净化能力。
Description
一种适用于变水位的生态型硬质护岸
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及一种适用于变水位的生态型硬质护岸，属于雨污分流技术领域。
背景技术
[0002]目前，水资源的污染日趋严重，在河道污水净化以及雨水收集方面的处理设施越 来越多，要求也越来越多。由于变水位河道(如闸控河道、潮汐河道等)会出现河道污染及降 雨径流带来的面源污染问题，因此需要在河道两侧设置河道护岸。而现有的变水位生态护 岸具有占地大、稳定性差，且水位变动时容易导致净水植物死亡的问题，因此一种能够克服 现有生态护岸的问题，还能利用变水位优势使其具有更高效低能耗净水能力的生态型护岸 的开发很有必要。
发明内容
[0003] 发明目的:本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种适用于变水位的生态型硬质护 岸，该生态护岸能够利用变水位带来的优势，减轻变水位带来的弊端，还能强化其单位面积 上的净水能力。
[0004] 为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案为：
[0005] 一种适用于变水位的生态型硬质护岸，护岸对称位于河道两旁，所述护岸呈一定 的坡度设置，包括坡体以及种植在坡面上的植被种植区；所述植被种植区沿坡体倾斜方向 依次为第一植被种植区和第二植被种植区；其中，所述第一植被种植区下方为水质净化区， 水质净化区沿坡体倾斜方向依次为碎石层、椰壳活性炭层和吸氨石层;所述第二植被种植 区下方的腔体内依次设有充氧区和厌氧区；腔体设有多个与河流连通的通道，腔体内还设 有叶轮，叶轮通过设置在坡面上的太阳能电池板集能驱动。
[0006] 其中，所述坡体的顶端设有圆弧形拦截网，拦截网呈弧形并由钢丝制成，可减少路 面径流中的树叶等废物堵塞拦截网，圆弧形拦截网较平面拦截网更有利于路面径流的雨水 穿过拦截网沿着护岸排下。
[0007] 其中，所述坡体的坡度为45°，将护岸结构设置成45°坡度有利于减小护岸结构的 占地面积。
[0008] 其中，所述植被种植区种植在土壤基质层上，所述土壤基质层包裹在生物袋内。
[0009] 其中，所述第二植被种植区挖设有鱼鳞坑，第二植被种植区种植的植物种类为卷 柏、侧柏、富贵竹或柿。
[0010] 其中，所述鱼鳞坑在坡面上呈品字形排列。
[0011] 其中，所述充氧区设置于常规水位线以上，所述厌氧区设置于常规水位线以下。
[0012] 其中，所述充氧区内放置有缓释氧材料;所述厌氧区内放置有负载有兼性厌氧微 生物的载体，载体由蛭石、粉煤灰以及珍珠岩构成。
[0013] 其中，所述坡面上设有透水挡板，挡板下设有管道，管道连通水质净化区。
[0014] 与现有技术相比，本发明技术方案具有的有益效果是：
[0015]本发明生态型硬质护岸通过对传统护岸结构的改进，有效克服了传统护岸结构存 在的问题，本发明生态型护岸结构不仅可利用变水位对河水进行进一步净化处理，同时还 能消除变水位对护岸结构带来的负面影响，有效强化了护岸在单位面积上对初期雨水的净 化能力。
附图说明
[0016]图1为本发明适用于变水位的生态型硬质护岸的结构示意图；
[0017]图2为本发明生态型硬质护岸中腔体的俯视图；
[0018]图3为本发明生态型硬质护岸中鱼鳞坑的侧视图；
[0019]图4为本发明生态型硬质护岸中鱼鳞坑的排布示意图。
具体实施方式
[0020]以下结合附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明，但是本发明要求保护的范围并 不局限于此。
[0021]如图1〜4所示，本发明适用于变水位的生态型硬质护岸，护岸对称位于河道两旁， 护岸呈一定的坡度设置，包括坡体15以及种植在坡面14上的植被种植区；植被种植区沿坡 体倾斜方向依次为第一植被种植区17和第二植被种植区4;其中，第一植被种植区17下方为 水质净化区，水质净化区沿坡体倾斜方向依次为净水滤料碎石层6、净水滤料椰壳活性炭层 7和净水滤料吸氨石层8,各级净水滤料功能逐级递进，净水滤料能够去除雨水中悬浮颗粒 物及化学物质;第二植被种植区4下方的腔体16内依次设有充氧区9和厌氧区10,充氧区9设 置于常规水位线L以上，充氧区9内放置有缓释氧材料，缓释氧材料主要为Ca02，待水位升高 时缓释氧材料遇水能释放出氧气，为污染物提供电子受体，并营造水下充氧环境，利于雨水 中有机污染物的好氧生物降解;厌氧区10设置于常规水位线L以下，厌氧区10内放置有负载 有兼性厌氧微生物的载体，载体由蛭石、粉煤灰以及珍珠岩构成，载体表面附有大量兼性厌 氧微生物，微生物载体(载体起到一定的吸附污染物作用，也可为微生物提供营养来源)可 根据缺氧、充氧环境变化发挥不同作用，当水位高于常规水位L时一即淹没缓释氧材料，产 生有氧环境时，微生物进行好氧降解;反之，微生物则进行厌氧生物处理，如此往复，即腔体 I6内随着水位的自然涨落，交替好氧和缺氧环境，从而实现对氮磷及有机物的处理;腔体16 设有多个与河流连通的通道11，腔体内还设有叶轮13,叶轮13通过设置在坡面14上的太阳 能电池板5集能驱动;河水通过通道11与(坡体底部)腔体16相通，河岸线每隔20米设置一个 通护坡管渠(通道11)，并在腔体16内每两个通道11连接区域设置叶轮13,叶轮13在旱天时 受到太阳能电池板5驱动使河水循环进入护坡腔体16内进行净化处理，并在处理后排出，既 节省了能源，又达到了利用自然能源进行河水调度的作用。由太阳能供电引流河水进入护 坡底部腔体16进行循环处理，在节省处理成本的同时提高了护岸结构的处理水量。
[0022]本发明护岸结构第二植被种植区4采用鱼鳞坑结构，鱼鳞坑结构深度约50cm，坑面 大小50cm*50cm，坑之间水平间距为1.5m，上下间距均为2m，坑沿坡面自上而下交叉呈品字 形排列，土埂中间部位填高约0 • 2m，内坡1:0 • 5，外坡1:1，坑埂半圆内径约1〜1 • 5m，坑内栽 有抗旱、耐淹的植物，如卷柏、侧柏、富贵竹或柿等，以缓解变水位护坡结构净水植被易死亡 的问题;雨量小时，鱼鳞坑起到分段、分片切断并拦蓄径流的作用；当雨量大时，鱼鳞坑就会 发生漫溢，但因为鱼鳞坑的埂中间高两边低，使得径流在坡面上往下多方向分散流动，可有 效避免径流集中，提高了护岸处理的稳定性。
[0023]本发明护岸结构坡体15的顶端设有圆弧形拦截网i，拦截网i呈弧形且由钢丝制 成，圆弧形拦截网1可减少路面径流中的树叶等废物堵塞拦截网，较平面拦截网更有利于排 水。植被种植区种植在土壤基质层12上，土壤基质层12包裹在生物袋内，从而土壤基质不易 被雨水冲刷走。坡面14上设有透水挡板2,挡板2下设有管道18,管道18连通水质净化区，设 置透水挡板2可避免雨量较大时，初期雨水直接沿护坡坡面14快速流入河道而不通过水质 净化区。
[0024] 本发明护岸结构腔体16底部厌氧区10 (厌氧区1〇可根据缺氧、充氧环境变化自动 发挥不同作用）高程设置在常规水位L以下lm处，从而保证微生物载体能够浸入水中，保证 平时的厌氧处理以及后续水位高于常规水位L时的好氧生物处理;利用变水位河道(潮汐河 道、开关阐频繁河道)水位自然涨落的现象，通过水位是否满溢过缓释氧材料，营造腔体16 内交替好氧、缺氧环境。本发明护岸结构通过河道内水位高低变化营造坡体底部腔体缺氧、 充氧交替的环境以及净水植物和净水滤材，实现对河水的多重净化处理，有效强化硬质护 坡的净水能力。
[0025] 显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的 实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其 它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而这些属于本发 明的精神所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之中。
Claims (9)
1. 一种适用于变水位的生态型硬质护岸，护岸对称位于河道两旁，其特征在于:所述护 岸呈一定的坡度设置，包括坡体以及种植在坡面上的植被种植区；所述植被种植区沿坡体 倾斜方向依次为第一植被种植区和第二植被种植区；其中，所述第一植被种植区下方为水 质净化区，水质净化区沿坡体倾斜方向依次为碎石层、椰壳活性炭层和吸氨石层;所述第二 植被种植区下方的腔体内依次设有充氧区和厌氧区；腔体设有多个与河流连通的通道，腔 体内还设有叶轮，叶轮通过设置在坡面上的太阳能电池板集能驱动。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于变水位的生态型硬质护岸，其特征在于:所述坡体的顶 端设有圆弧形拦截网。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于变水位的生态型硬质护岸，其特征在于:所述坡体的坡 度为45°。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于变水位的生态型硬质护岸，其特征在于:所述植被种植 区种植在土壤基质层上，所述土壤基质层包裹在生物袋内。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于变水位的生态型硬质护岸，其特征在于:所述第二植被 种植区挖设有鱼鳞坑，第二植被种植区种植的植物种类为卷柏、侧柏、富贵竹或柿。
6. 根据权利要求5所述的适用于变水位的生态型硬质护岸，其特征在于:所述鱼鱗坑在 坡面上呈品字形排列。
7. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于变水位的生态型硬质护岸，其特征在于:所述充氧区设 置于常规水位线以上，所述厌氧区设置于常规水位线以下。
8. 根据权利要求7所述的适用于变水位的生态型硬质护岸，其特征在于:所述充氧区内 放置有缓释氧材料;所述厌氧区内放置有负载有兼性厌氧微生物的载体，载体由蛭石、粉煤 灰以及珍珠岩构成。
9. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于变水位的生态型硬质护岸，其特征在于:所述坡面上设 有透水挡板，挡板下设有管道，管道连通水质净化区。
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