CN107478131A - Method for detecting machining precision of spiral groove of cylindrical zoom cam - Google Patents

Method for detecting machining precision of spiral groove of cylindrical zoom cam Download PDF

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CN107478131A
CN107478131A CN201710751341.6A CN201710751341A CN107478131A CN 107478131 A CN107478131 A CN 107478131A CN 201710751341 A CN201710751341 A CN 201710751341A CN 107478131 A CN107478131 A CN 107478131A
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zoom cam
measurement
points
axle
cylinder zoom
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CN107478131B (en
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武力
曲锐
高波
梅超
王华伟
彭建伟
张越
史魁
秦星
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Xi'an Zhongke Feitu Photoelectric Technology Co ltd
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XiAn Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽加工精度检测方法。该方法包括两个部分：A、圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽之间距离误差的检测；B、圆柱体变焦凸轮多头螺旋槽均分度的检测；本发明的方法克服了现有螺旋槽通过三坐标测量仪测量时由于螺旋槽升角导致螺旋槽之间距离测量误差较大的问题。

The invention relates to a method for detecting the machining accuracy of a cylindrical zoom cam helical groove. The method includes two parts: A, the detection of the distance error between the spiral grooves of the cylindrical zoom cam; B, the detection of the multi-head spiral grooves of the cylindrical zoom cam; When the measuring instrument is measuring, the distance measurement error between the spiral grooves is relatively large due to the rise angle of the spiral grooves.

Description

圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽加工精度检测方法Testing method for machining precision of cylindrical zoom cam helical groove

技术领域technical field

本发明属于光学仪器的检测领域，具体涉及一种圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽加工精度检测方法。The invention belongs to the detection field of optical instruments, and in particular relates to a method for detecting the machining accuracy of a cylindrical zoom cam spiral groove.

背景技术Background technique

变焦凸轮是变焦光学系统用于实现光学变焦的关键零件，变焦凸轮的工作原理是利用该零件本身的曲线轮廓带动与之连接的从动零件做往复移动，即通过该零件的回转运动转化成从动零件的直线运动。所以该零件加工完成后的螺旋槽曲线的加工精度和多线螺旋槽在圆柱体上的均分度等直接影响着光学系统的成像质量。The zoom cam is the key part of the zoom optical system to achieve optical zoom. The working principle of the zoom cam is to use the curve profile of the part itself to drive the driven part connected to it to reciprocate, that is, to convert the rotary motion of the part into Linear motion of moving parts. Therefore, the machining accuracy of the spiral groove curve after the machining of the part and the even division of the multi-line spiral groove on the cylinder directly affect the imaging quality of the optical system.

传统的检测方法只能依靠少量配套有高精度旋转机构的三坐标测量机进行近似测量，三坐标测量机检测的结果因测量探头的形状、接触点位置、螺旋槽曲率、接触角度和接触深度、曲线拐点圆滑度等多方面因素的影响，导致检测结果不准确且不稳定，存在不同程度的误判，同时整个过程繁琐、耗时、检测不确定性大、检测成本高。Traditional detection methods can only rely on a small number of three-coordinate measuring machines equipped with high-precision rotating mechanisms for approximate measurement. Influenced by many factors such as the smoothness of the inflection point of the curve, the detection results are inaccurate and unstable, and there are different degrees of misjudgment. At the same time, the whole process is cumbersome, time-consuming, with high detection uncertainty and high detection cost.

传统的三坐标测量仪测量此类型的螺旋槽曲线如图1所示，当需测量圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽对应位置处的两曲线相对距离时，产生一定的测量误差，测量时左边螺旋槽接触点为接触点1，右边螺旋槽接触点为接触点2，两个接触点对应不同的角度，所产生的测量误差为L2-L1，此测量误差与螺旋槽曲线的升角有一定的关系。The traditional three-coordinate measuring instrument measures this type of spiral groove curve as shown in Figure 1. When it is necessary to measure the relative distance between the two curves at the corresponding position of the cylindrical zoom cam spiral groove, a certain measurement error will occur. When measuring, the left spiral groove touches The point is contact point 1, and the contact point of the spiral groove on the right is contact point 2. The two contact points correspond to different angles, and the resulting measurement error is L2-L1. This measurement error has a certain relationship with the rising angle of the spiral groove curve.

此测量方法受接触点的影响，无法准确测量出对应位置处的两螺旋槽曲线的相对距离。This measurement method is affected by the contact point and cannot accurately measure the relative distance between the two helical groove curves at the corresponding positions.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为了解决背景技术中的问题，本发明提供一种圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽加工精度检测方法，该方法克服了现有螺旋槽通过三坐标测量仪测量时由于螺旋槽升角导致螺旋槽之间距离测量误差较大的问题。In order to solve the problems in the background technology, the present invention provides a method for detecting the machining accuracy of the spiral groove of a cylindrical zoom cam. The problem of large measurement errors.

本发明的具体技术方案是：Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:

一种圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽加工精度检测方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：A method for detecting the machining accuracy of a cylindrical zoom cam helical groove, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

A、圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽之间距离误差的检测；A. Detection of the distance error between the helical grooves of the cylindrical zoom cam;

A1：建立坐标系XY；所述坐标系的Y轴与圆柱体变焦凸轮的中心线重合；A1: Establish a coordinate system XY; the Y axis of the coordinate system coincides with the center line of the cylindrical zoom cam;

A2：将预先准备好的测量轴沿X轴的方向放置，并且保证测量轴轴心线与圆柱体表面接触点法线重合；所述测量轴的外径与圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽为间隙配合；A2: Place the pre-prepared measuring shaft along the direction of the X-axis, and ensure that the axis of the measuring shaft coincides with the normal line of the contact point on the surface of the cylinder; the outer diameter of the measuring shaft is a clearance fit with the spiral groove of the zoom cam of the cylinder ;

A3：将测量轴沿X轴方向移动，使得测量轴与圆柱体变焦凸轮第一个螺旋槽内A点接触，从而获得A点的螺旋线坐标(Xa，Ya)；A3: Move the measurement axis along the X-axis direction, so that the measurement axis is in contact with point A in the first helical groove of the cylindrical zoom cam, so as to obtain the helical line coordinates (X a , Y a ) of point A;

A4：将测量轴沿Y轴方向移动，使得测量轴与圆柱体变焦凸轮第二个螺旋槽内B点接触，从而获得B点的螺旋线坐标(Xb，Yb)；A4: Move the measurement axis along the Y axis, so that the measurement axis contacts point B in the second helical groove of the cylindrical zoom cam, so as to obtain the helical coordinates (X b , Y b ) of point B;

A5：通过A点和B点之间的Y轴方向坐标差︱Ya-Yb︱即为两个螺旋槽之间的相对距离d；再加上测量轴外径和圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽之间的间隙量后即就得到了实际相对距离值D；A5: Through the Y-axis coordinate difference between point A and point B︱Y a -Y b︱ is the relative distance d between the two helical grooves; plus the outer diameter of the measuring shaft and the helical groove of the cylindrical zoom cam The actual relative distance value D is obtained after the gap between them is obtained;

D＝d+间隙量D=d+gap amount

A6：根据实际相对距离D和理论尺寸D1之间的差值，确定圆柱体变焦凸轮多头螺旋槽之间距离误差；A6: According to the difference between the actual relative distance D and the theoretical dimension D1, determine the distance error between the multi-head helical grooves of the cylindrical zoom cam;

A7：旋转圆柱体变焦凸轮，重复步骤A2至步骤A6，对每个螺旋槽之间中所有的拟合点进行测量，得出所有拟合点的距离误差值序列；A7: Rotate the cylindrical zoom cam, repeat step A2 to step A6, measure all fitting points between each spiral groove, and obtain the distance error value sequence of all fitting points;

B、圆柱体变焦凸轮多头螺旋槽均分度误差的检测；B. Detection of the average indexing error of the multi-head spiral groove of the cylindrical zoom cam;

B1：建立坐标系XY；所述坐标系的Y轴与圆柱体变焦凸轮的中心线重合；B1: establish a coordinate system XY; the Y axis of the coordinate system coincides with the center line of the cylindrical zoom cam;

B2：将预先准备好的测量轴沿X轴的方向放置，并且保证测量轴轴心线与圆柱体表面接触点法线重合；所述测量轴的外径与圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽为间隙配合；B2: Place the pre-prepared measuring shaft along the direction of the X-axis, and ensure that the axis of the measuring shaft coincides with the normal line of the contact point on the surface of the cylinder; the outer diameter of the measuring shaft is a clearance fit with the spiral groove of the zoom cam of the cylinder ;

B3：将测量轴沿X轴方向移动，使得测量轴与圆柱体变焦凸轮第一个螺旋槽内A点接触，从而获得A点的角度值α°；B3: Move the measurement axis along the X-axis direction, so that the measurement axis is in contact with point A in the first helical groove of the cylindrical zoom cam, so as to obtain the angle value α° of point A;

B4：保持测量轴位置不动，将圆柱体变焦凸轮进行旋转，使得测量轴与圆柱体变焦凸轮第二个螺旋槽内B点接触，从而获得B点的角度值β°；所述B点和A点在同一横截面H上；所述横截面H与圆柱体变焦凸轮的底面平行；B4: keep the position of the measuring axis fixed, and rotate the cylindrical zoom cam so that the measuring axis contacts point B in the second helical groove of the cylindrical zoom cam, thereby obtaining the angle value β° of point B; the point B and Point A is on the same cross-section H; said cross-section H is parallel to the bottom surface of the cylindrical zoom cam;

B5：求A点和B点之间的角度差︱α°-β°︱即为圆柱体变焦凸轮多头螺旋槽在横截面H处的均分度；B5: Find the angle difference between point A and point B︱α°-β°︱, which is the equalization degree of the multi-head helical groove of the cylindrical zoom cam at the cross section H;

B6：改变横截面H的位置，重复步骤B3至步骤B5，测量圆柱体变焦凸轮多头螺旋槽在其他横截面的均分度。B6: Change the position of the cross-section H, repeat steps B3 to B5, and measure the equalization of the multi-head helical groove of the cylindrical zoom cam in other cross-sections.

进一步的说，所述测量轴与圆柱体变焦凸轮中螺旋槽的间隙量为为0.03～0.06mm。Furthermore, the gap between the measuring shaft and the spiral groove in the cylindrical zoom cam is 0.03-0.06 mm.

本发明的优点在于：The advantages of the present invention are:

1、本发明的方法在测量螺旋槽之间距离误差时，克服了现有螺旋槽通过三坐标测量仪测量时由于螺旋槽升角导致测量误差大的问题。1. When the method of the present invention measures the distance error between the spiral grooves, it overcomes the problem of large measurement errors caused by the rise angle of the spiral grooves when the existing spiral grooves are measured by a three-coordinate measuring instrument.

2、本发明的方法在进行圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽之间距离误差的同时兼备了圆柱体变焦凸轮多头螺旋槽均分度的测量，效率更高。2. The method of the present invention not only measures the distance error between the helical grooves of the cylindrical zoom cam, but also measures the average index of the multi-head helical grooves of the cylindrical zoom cam, which is more efficient.

3、本发明将测量距离和待测圆柱体变焦凸轮旋转角度一一对应，每个角度都能测量出一个距离误差，精度更高。3. The present invention makes one-to-one correspondence between the measurement distance and the rotation angle of the cylinder zoom cam to be measured, each angle can measure a distance error, and the precision is higher.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为现有三坐标测量仪的测量原理图；Fig. 1 is the measurement schematic diagram of existing three-coordinate measuring instrument;

图2为本发明进行距离误差检测的原理图；Fig. 2 is the principle diagram that the present invention carries out distance error detection;

图3为本发明进行均分度检测的原理图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for performing uniform division detection.

附图标记如下：The reference signs are as follows:

1-测量轴、2-螺旋线1、3-螺旋线2。1-measurement axis, 2-helix 1, 3-helix 2.

具体实施方式detailed description

圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽加工精度检测方法包括两部分：The detection method of the machining accuracy of the spiral groove of the cylindrical zoom cam includes two parts:

A、圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽之间距离误差的检测；A. Detection of the distance error between the helical grooves of the cylindrical zoom cam;

B、圆柱体变焦凸轮多头螺旋槽均分度误差的检测；B. Detection of the average indexing error of the multi-head spiral groove of the cylindrical zoom cam;

其中，圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽之间距离误差检测的具体步骤是：Among them, the specific steps of distance error detection between cylindrical zoom cam helical grooves are:

如图2所示，A1：建立坐标系XY；所述坐标系的Y轴与圆柱体变焦凸轮的中心线重合；As shown in Figure 2, A1: establish a coordinate system XY; the Y axis of the coordinate system coincides with the center line of the cylindrical zoom cam;

A2：将预先准备好的测量轴1沿X轴的方向放置，并且保证测量轴1轴心线与圆柱体表面接触点法线重合；所述测量轴1的外径与圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽为间隙配合；A2: Place the pre-prepared measuring axis 1 along the direction of the X axis, and ensure that the axis of the measuring axis 1 coincides with the normal line of the contact point on the surface of the cylinder; the outer diameter of the measuring axis 1 is in line with the spiral groove of the cylinder zoom cam for clearance fit;

A3：将测量轴1沿X轴方向移动，使得测量轴1与圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽1内A点接触，从而获得A点的螺旋线坐标(Xa，Ya)；A3: Move the measurement axis 1 along the X-axis direction, so that the measurement axis 1 is in contact with point A in the spiral groove 1 of the cylindrical zoom cam, so as to obtain the helical line coordinates (X a , Y a ) of point A;

A4：将测量轴1沿Y轴方向移动，使得测量轴1与圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽2内B点接触，从而获得B点的螺旋线坐标(Xb，Yb)；A4: Move the measurement axis 1 along the Y-axis direction, so that the measurement axis 1 is in contact with point B in the spiral groove 2 of the cylindrical zoom cam, so as to obtain the helical line coordinates (X b , Y b ) of point B;

A5：通过A点和B点之间的Y轴方向坐标差︱Ya-Yb︱即为螺旋槽1和螺旋槽2之间的相对距离d；再加上测量轴外径和圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽之间的间隙量后即就得到了实际相对距离值D；A5: Through the Y-axis coordinate difference between point A and point B︱Y a -Y b︱ is the relative distance d between the spiral groove 1 and the spiral groove 2; plus the outer diameter of the measuring shaft and the zoom of the cylinder The actual relative distance value D is obtained after the gap between the cam spiral grooves is measured;

D＝d+间隙量；D=d+gap amount;

A6：根据实际相对距离D和理论尺寸D1之间的差值，确定圆柱体变焦凸轮多头螺旋槽之间距离误差；A6: According to the difference between the actual relative distance D and the theoretical dimension D1, determine the distance error between the multi-head helical grooves of the cylindrical zoom cam;

A7：旋转圆柱体变焦凸轮，重复步骤A2至步骤A6，对每个螺旋槽之间中所有的拟合点进行测量，得出所有拟合点的距离误差值序列；A7: Rotate the cylindrical zoom cam, repeat step A2 to step A6, measure all fitting points between each spiral groove, and obtain the distance error value sequence of all fitting points;

其中，圆柱体变焦凸轮多头螺旋槽均分度检测的具体步骤是：Among them, the specific steps of the multi-head helical groove equalization detection of the cylindrical zoom cam are:

如图3所示，As shown in Figure 3,

B1：建立坐标系XY；所述坐标系的Y轴与圆柱体变焦凸轮的中心线重合；B1: establish a coordinate system XY; the Y axis of the coordinate system coincides with the center line of the cylindrical zoom cam;

B2：将预先准备好的测量轴1沿X轴的方向放置，并且保证测量轴1轴心线与圆柱体表面接触点法线重合；所述测量轴的外径与圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽为间隙配合；B2: Place the pre-prepared measuring axis 1 along the direction of the X axis, and ensure that the axis of the measuring axis 1 coincides with the normal line of the contact point on the surface of the cylinder; the outer diameter of the measuring axis and the helical groove of the zoom cam of the cylinder are clearance fit;

B3：将测量轴1沿X轴方向移动，使得测量轴1与圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽1内A点接触，从而获得A点的角度值α°；B3: Move the measurement axis 1 along the X-axis direction, so that the measurement axis 1 is in contact with point A in the cylindrical zoom cam spiral groove 1, so as to obtain the angle value α° of point A;

B4：保持测量轴位置不动，将圆柱体变焦凸轮进行旋转，使得测量轴与圆柱体变焦凸轮螺旋槽2内B点接触，从而获得B点的角度值β°；所述B点和A点在同一横截面H上；所述横截面H与圆柱体变焦凸轮的底面平行；B4: keep the position of the measurement axis still, and rotate the cylindrical zoom cam, so that the measurement axis is in contact with point B in the spiral groove 2 of the cylindrical zoom cam, thereby obtaining the angle value β° of point B; the point B and point A On the same cross section H; said cross section H is parallel to the bottom surface of the cylindrical zoom cam;

B5：求A点和B点之间的角度差︱α°-β°︱即为圆柱体变焦凸轮多头螺旋槽在横截面H处的均分度；B5: Find the angle difference between point A and point B︱α°-β°︱, which is the equalization degree of the multi-head helical groove of the cylindrical zoom cam at the cross section H;

B6：改变横截面H的位置，重复步骤B3至步骤B5，测量圆柱体变焦凸轮多头螺旋槽在其他横截面的均分度。B6: Change the position of the cross-section H, repeat steps B3 to B5, and measure the equalization of the multi-head helical groove of the cylindrical zoom cam in other cross-sections.

需要说明的是，在测量均分度时，当螺旋槽为2头时，理论均分度为180°，当测量出︱α-β︱°＝179.99°时，则在横截面H上的均分度误差为0.01°；It should be noted that when measuring the average division degree, when the spiral groove has two ends, the theoretical average division degree is 180°, and when the measured ︱α-β︱°=179.99°, the average The indexing error is 0.01°;

当螺旋槽为3头时，理论均分度为120°，当测量出︱α-β︱°＝120.02°时，则在横截面H上的均分度误差为0.02°。When the spiral groove has 3 heads, the theoretical average division is 120°, and when the measured ︱α-β︱°=120.02°, the average division error on the cross-section H is 0.02°.

由此可见，本发明不仅能够检测圆柱体变焦凸轮多线螺旋槽的均分度大小，并且可以计算其均分度的加工误差。It can be seen that the present invention can not only detect the degree of division of the multi-line spiral groove of the cylindrical zoom cam, but also calculate the machining error of the degree of division.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of cylinder zoom cam helical groove processing accuracy checking method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, between cylinder zoom cam helical groove range error detection；
A1：Establish coordinate system XY；The Y-axis of the coordinate system overlaps with the center line of cylinder zoom cam；
A2：Direction of the preprepared measurement axle along X-axis is placed, and ensures that measure axle axial line connects with periphery Contactor normal overlaps；The external diameter of the measurement axle coordinates with cylinder zoom cam helical groove for gap；
A3：Measurement axle is moved along X-direction so that A points contact in measurement first helicla flute of axle and cylinder zoom cam, So as to obtain the spiral line coordinates (X of A pointsa, Ya)；
A4：Measurement axle is moved along Y direction so that B points contact in measurement second helicla flute of axle and cylinder zoom cam, So as to obtain the spiral line coordinates (X of B pointsb, Yb)；
A5：Pass through the Y direction coordinate difference ︱ Y between A points and B pointsa-Yb︱ is the relative distance d between two helicla flutes；Again Actual relative distance value D has just been obtained plus after the gap value between measurement axle external diameter and cylinder zoom cam helical groove；
D=d+ gap values
A6：According to the difference between actual relative distance D and theoretical size D1, determine cylinder zoom cam multi-head spiral groove it Between range error；
A7：Rotating cylindrical body zoom cam, repeat step A2 to step A6, all fittings between each helicla flute are clicked through Row measurement, draw the range error value sequence of all match points；
B, the detection that cylinder zoom cam multi-head spiral groove indexes；
B1：Establish coordinate system XY；The Y-axis of the coordinate system overlaps with the center line of cylinder zoom cam；
B2：Direction of the preprepared measurement axle along X-axis is placed, and ensures that measure axle axial line connects with periphery Contactor normal overlaps；The external diameter of the measurement axle coordinates with cylinder zoom cam helical groove for gap；
B3：Measurement axle is moved along X-direction so that A points contact in measurement first helicla flute of axle and cylinder zoom cam, So as to obtain α ° of the angle value of A points；
B4：Keep measurement shaft position motionless, cylinder zoom cam is rotated so that measurement axle and cylinder zoom cam B points contact in second helicla flute, so as to obtain β ° of the angle value of B points；The B points and A points are on same cross section H；It is described Cross section H is parallel with the bottom surface of cylinder zoom cam；
B5：It is cylinder zoom cam multi-head spiral groove at the H of cross section to seek-β ° of ︱ of differential seat angle ︱ α ° between A points and B points Index；
B6：Change cross section H position, repeat step B3 to step B5, measurement cylinder zoom cam multi-head spiral groove is at it The indexing of his cross section.
2. cylinder zoom cam helical groove processing accuracy checking method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described The gap value for measuring axle and helicla flute in cylinder zoom cam is 0.03~0.06mm.
CN201710751341.6A 2017-08-28 2017-08-28 Method for detecting machining precision of spiral groove of cylindrical zoom cam Active CN107478131B (en)

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