CN107477586A - A kind of low temperature pyrolyzer autoreaction garbage disposal furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a low-temperature pyrolysis self-reaction garbage treatment furnace, which comprises a furnace surrounded by furnace walls, a smoke-limiting hood and a furnace shell, the furnace is a cylindrical body with upper and lower openings, and a furnace There is an ash storage box under the grate, the smoke-limiting hood includes a top cover and a cover wall, the smoke-limiting hood is set on the outside of the furnace wall, and the furnace shell is set on the smoke-limiting Outside the hood, a cavity for flue gas circulation is provided between the smoke-limiting hood and the top, bottom and sides of the furnace and the furnace shell; the top of the furnace shell is provided with a flue gas outlet and a charging port , the charging port is provided with a furnace cover, and the top cover of the smoke-limiting hood is provided with a feeding channel, and the feeding channel communicates with the charging port; the flue gas circulates inside the furnace body, and the combustible flue gas is introduced into the furnace The lower part of the waste re-enters the furnace, mixes with the original waste reaction high-temperature zone, supports combustion, and continues to circulate, so there is no need to consume additional energy provided by the outside.

Description

A low-temperature pyrolysis self-reaction garbage treatment furnace

technical field

The invention relates to a garbage treatment furnace, in particular to a low-temperature cracking self-reaction garbage treatment furnace, which belongs to the field of environmental protection equipment.

Background technique

At present, my country's domestic waste treatment basically adopts a centralized treatment mode, that is, the domestic waste scattered in various places is collected to a waste transfer station by a special garbage vehicle, or directly sent to a waste treatment plant for incineration or landfill treatment. This treatment mode requires a large amount of funds to build a waste treatment plant, and the daily waste transfer fee is also very high, and it is very easy to cause secondary pollution during the waste transfer process. Miniaturized and decentralized garbage treatment equipment can solve this problem, especially after solving the problem of flue gas emission and waste liquid treatment, mainly the problem of dioxin in the flue gas and condensed tar. The advantages of the advanced garbage disposal mode can be better used for disposal.

At present, there are two main ways to deal with domestic waste in miniaturized garbage furnaces: one is high-temperature incineration treatment, and the other is low-temperature cracking treatment. The high-temperature incineration treatment method of garbage furnace, although the garbage treatment speed is fast, because the domestic garbage is not classified, the composition is complex, in order to achieve the incineration effect, it is necessary to provide additional energy to help the garbage burn, and this process requires a lot of energy. The basic principle of the garbage furnace that adopts the low-temperature cracking treatment method is that the garbage is burned without oxygen, that is, under the condition of not providing additional energy, the heat generated by the smoldering of the garbage in the furnace body is used to gradually dispose of it. Although this process does not consume extra External energy, but the treatment time of garbage is prolonged, the treatment efficiency is low, and toxic gas is easy to be produced in the process of anoxic combustion. If the treatment is not complete, there will be safety hazards.

In addition to energy consumption and low efficiency, the garbage furnaces produced by these two treatment methods cannot avoid producing a large amount of flue gas.

Another more serious problem is the problem of tar treatment. Large-scale waste incinerators are equipped with special tar treatment equipment, but the cost is extremely expensive. For miniaturized garbage furnaces, it is unrealistic to design and install small-scale tar treatment equipment. Compared with the garbage furnace itself, its manufacturing cost is equally expensive, and its maintenance cost is also high.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims at the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, and provides a low-temperature pyrolysis self-reaction garbage treatment furnace which can recycle flue gas in the furnace body and has less flue gas emission.

The technical scheme of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a low-temperature pyrolysis self-reaction garbage treatment furnace, comprising a furnace surrounded by furnace walls, a smoke-limiting hood and a furnace shell, the furnace is a cylinder with upper and lower openings, A furnace grate is provided at the bottom of the furnace, and an ash storage box is provided below the furnace grate. The smoke-limiting hood includes a top cover and a cover wall, and the smoke-limiting hood is set on the outside of the furnace wall. The shell is set on the outside of the smoke-limiting hood, and a cavity for flue gas circulation is provided between the smoke-limiting hood and the top, bottom and side of the furnace and the furnace shell;

The top of the furnace shell is provided with a flue gas outlet and a feed port, the feed port is provided with a furnace cover, and the top cover of the smoke-limiting hood is provided with a feed channel, and the feed channel communicates with the feed port.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1) The flue gas circulates inside the furnace body, introduces combustible flue gas into the lower part of the furnace body, re-enters the furnace, mixes with the original waste reaction high temperature area, supports combustion, and continues to circulate, so no additional consumption of external supplies is required energy;

2) After the flue gas is recycled, the emission will be greatly reduced, which can reduce the processing intensity of the dust removal and deodorization environmental protection equipment and improve the service life of the dust removal and deodorization equipment;

3) The internal temperature of the furnace body is relatively high, which can prevent the tar in the flue gas from condensing.

Further, the lower part of the furnace is bent inwardly to form a first constriction, and the grate is installed in the first constriction; the lower part of the smoke limiting hood is provided with a Second shrink.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further technical solution is that the lower part of the furnace is bent inward, so that the grate is easy to install.

Further, the constriction wall is a hollow structure.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further technical solution is that the flue gas is discharged from the upper part of the furnace, passes through the cavity between the fume limiting hood and the furnace, and re-enters the furnace from the hollowed-out wall or grate, which facilitates the circulation of the flue gas use.

Further, the furnace shell includes a top plate of the furnace shell, a side wall of the furnace shell and a bottom plate of the furnace shell, and the furnace is installed on the bottom plate of the furnace shell through a supporting member.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is: when the furnace cover is closed, it can ensure that the flue gas is only discharged from the flue gas outlet instead of overflowing from the lower part.

Further, the upper end of the smoke-limiting hood is connected to the top plate of the furnace shell, and the smoke-limiting hood includes a left smoke-limiting wall, a right smoke-limiting wall, a front smoke-limiting wall and a rear smoke-limiting wall. The rear smoke limiting wall is connected to the rear end of the top cover of the smoke limiting hood, the front end of the top cover is bent upwards to form a bent part, and the upper end of the bent part is connected to the top plate of the furnace shell. The bending part is in front of the flue gas outlet and behind the front restricting smoke wall, and the furnace shell between the bending part and the front restricting smoke wall is provided with the The feed port.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is that only one furnace cover needs to be installed on the furnace shell, the structure is simple, and the feeding is convenient.

Further, a tar processor is also provided on the flue gas outlet.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is that the tar in the flue gas is removed, and the discharged flue gas is more environmentally friendly.

Further, the tar processor includes a box body, the lower end of the box body communicates with the furnace through a tar return pipe, a waste water return pipe and a flue gas outlet pipe, and the upper end of the tar return pipe is covered with a smoke hood. The waste water return pipe is provided with a valve, the upper end of the box is provided with a flue gas discharge port and a clean water inlet, the box is filled with water, and the upper end of the tar return pipe is higher than the water surface.

The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further technical scheme are: after the flue gas enters the tar treatment, due to the action of water, the tar condenses and falls into the water, and then flows back to the furnace through the tar return pipe. First, the tar itself can burn, and second, it can help the furnace In addition, when the concentration of tar in the water is getting higher and higher, open the valve to let the mixture of water and tar drip into the furnace gradually, which can play a role in supporting combustion, and then inject clean water to continue working.

Further, the box body includes a box top plate, and a plurality of smoke baffles are provided at the lower end of the box top plate, and the plurality of smoke baffles form a smoke circulation channel, and the smoke flow channel is a zigzag path. The smoke baffle makes the flue gas discharge from the flue gas outlet pipe and then move along the flue gas circulation channel, and finally reach the flue gas discharge port.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is: the smoke baffle increases the time of the flue gas in the tar processor, so as to condense the tar in the flue gas as much as possible.

Further, an ignition device is also included, and the head of the ignition device is arranged in the middle of the lower part of the furnace after passing through the furnace shell, the smoke limiting hood and the furnace wall in sequence.

Further, a temperature sensor is also included, and the head of the temperature sensor goes deep into the furnace after passing through the furnace shell, the smoke limiting hood and the furnace wall in sequence.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is that the real-time reaction temperature inside the furnace can be measured, and trigger conditions are provided for controlling the switch of the ignition device, the air magnetizer, the negative pressure fan and the waste water return valve.

Further, it also includes a plurality of air magnetizers, the air intake pipes of the air magnetizers are evenly distributed around the head of the ignition device after passing through the furnace shell, the smoke limiting hood and the furnace wall in sequence.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical scheme is: according to the temperature in the furnace, the valve of the air magnetizer can be opened at any time, and a certain amount of air magnetized by the strong magnetic field can be introduced to supplement the oxygen concentration in the furnace and increase the reaction speed.

Further, it also includes a dust removal and deodorization device, and the dust removal and deodorization device is connected with the tar processor through a smoke discharge pipe arranged on the smoke discharge port.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is: reducing the discharge of flue gas and ensuring that the discharged flue gas is more environmentally friendly.

Further, it also includes a negative pressure fan, the negative pressure fan is connected to the motor arranged on the top of the furnace shell through a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft passes through the furnace shell and the smoke limiting hood sequentially from top to bottom, the The negative pressure fan is arranged at the lower end of the rotating shaft.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further technical solution is: the negative pressure fan is arranged on the upper part of the furnace, and after rotation, an upward negative pressure lift is generated, so that the flue gas in the furnace rises rapidly. The flue gas that is forced to rise can only flow to the cavities on both sides for flue gas circulation, and then enters the furnace from the lower end of the furnace wall, which can provide forced power for the flue gas circulation in the furnace.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view along A-A direction of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view along B-B direction of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of tar processor;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view along C-C direction of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is the structural representation of upper case;

In the accompanying drawings, the names of the components indicated by the labels are listed as follows: 1. Furnace, 1-1, Furnace wall, 1-11, First constriction, 2. Smoke limiting hood, 2-1, Rear limiting smoke wall , 2-11, top cover, 2-12, bending part, 2-2, front limit smoke wall, 2-3, feeding channel, 3, furnace shell, 3-1, feeding port, 3-2, Furnace shell top plate, 3-3, bottom plate, 4, ignition device, 5, furnace grate, 6, ash storage box, 7, tar processor, 7-1, flue gas outlet pipe, 7-2, tar return pipe, 7-3, waste water return pipe, 7-4, smoke hood, 7-5, flue gas discharge port, 7-6, clean water inlet, 7-7, valve, 7-8, box top plate, 7-9, Smoke baffle, 8. Dust removal and deodorization device, 9. Furnace cover, 10. Negative pressure fan, 11. Tar return pipe, 12. Waste water return pipe, 13. Air magnetizer.

detailed description

The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the examples given are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

As shown in Figures 1-6, a low-temperature pyrolysis self-reaction garbage treatment furnace includes a furnace 1 surrounded by furnace walls, a smoke-limiting hood 2 and a furnace shell 3, and the furnace 1 is a cylinder with upper and lower openings body, the bottom of the furnace 1 is provided with a fire grate 5, the bottom of the fire grate 5 is provided with an ash storage box 6, and the smoke-limiting hood 2 includes a top cover and a cover wall, and the smoke-limiting hood 2 is set on the The outside of the furnace wall 1-1, the furnace shell 3 is set on the outside of the smoke-limiting hood 2, and the smoke-limiting hood 2 is respectively arranged between the top, bottom and side of the furnace 1 and the furnace shell 3 There is a cavity for flue gas circulation;

The top of the furnace shell 3 is provided with a flue gas outlet and a feed port 3-1, the feed port 3-1 is provided with a furnace cover 9, and the top cover of the smoke limiting hood 2 is provided with a feed channel 2- 3. The feeding channel 2-3 communicates with the feeding port 3-1.

The lower part of the furnace 1 is bent inwardly to form a first constriction 1-11, and the grate 5 is installed in the constriction 1-11; the lower part of the smoke limiting hood 2 is provided with the first Neck 1-11 is matched with the second Neck.

The wall of the first constriction 1-11 is a hollow structure.

The furnace shell 3 includes a furnace shell top plate 3-2, a furnace shell side wall and a furnace shell bottom plate 3-3, and the furnace 1 and the smoke limiting hood 2 are respectively installed on the furnace shell bottom plate through supports 3-3 up.

The upper end of the smoke limiting hood 2 is sealed and fixedly connected with the furnace shell top plate 3-2, and the upper end of the smoke limiting hood 2 can be connected to the furnace shell top plate 3-2 through a support block. The furnace shell top plate 3-2 is sealed and fixedly connected, or directly sealed and fixedly connected by welding with the furnace shell top plate 3-2. The smoke limiting hood 2 includes a left smoke limiting wall, a right smoke limiting wall, The front side smoke limiting wall 2-2 and the rear side smoke limiting wall 2-1, the rear side smoke limiting wall is connected to the rear end of the top cover 2-11, and the front end of the top cover is bent upward to form a bend part 2-12, the bending part 2-12 is connected with the furnace shell top plate 3-2, the bending part 2-12 is arranged in front of the flue gas outlet, and is limited on the front side At the rear of the smoke wall 2-3, the charging port 3-1 is provided on the furnace shell between the bending portion 2-12 and the front limiting smoke wall 2-3.

A tar processor 7 is also provided on the flue gas outlet.

The tar processor 7 includes a box, and the lower end of the box communicates with the furnace 1 through a tar return pipe 7-2, a waste water return pipe 7-3 and a flue gas outlet pipe 7-1, and the tar return pipe The upper end of 7-2 is covered with a smoke blocking cover 7-4, the waste water return pipe 7-3 is provided with a valve 7-7, and the upper end of the box is provided with a smoke discharge port 7-5 and a clean water inlet 7- 6. The tank is filled with water, and the upper end of the tar return pipe 7-2 is higher than the water surface.

The box body includes a box body top plate 7-8, and the lower end of the box body top plate 7-8 is provided with a plurality of smoke baffles 7-9, and the plurality of smoke baffles 7-9 form a flue gas circulation channel, the The smoke circulation channel is a zigzag path, and the smoke baffle plate 7-9 makes the smoke discharge from the smoke outlet pipe 7-1, move along the smoke flow channel, and finally reach the smoke discharge port 7-5.

It also includes an ignition device 4 , the head of the ignition device 4 passes through the furnace shell 3 , the smoke-limiting hood 2 and the furnace wall 1 - 1 in turn, and is arranged in the middle of the lower part of the furnace 1 .

It also includes a temperature sensor, and the head of the temperature sensor goes deep into the furnace 1 after passing through the furnace shell 3, the smoke limiting hood 2 and the furnace wall 1-1 in sequence.

It also includes a plurality of air magnetizers, the air intake pipes of the air magnetizers pass through the furnace shell 3, the smoke limiting hood 2 and the furnace wall 1-1 in turn, and are evenly distributed around the head of the ignition device 4 .

It also includes a dust removal and deodorization device 8, which is connected to the tar processor 7 through a smoke discharge pipe arranged on the smoke discharge port 7-5.

It also includes a negative pressure fan 10, the negative pressure fan 10 is connected to the motor arranged on the top of the furnace shell 3 through a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft passes through the furnace shell 3 and the smoke limiting hood 2 sequentially from top to bottom , is arranged above the furnace 1, and the negative pressure fan 10 is arranged at the lower end of the rotating shaft.

The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

Put in the garbage from the feeding port 3-1, after putting in the garbage, cover the furnace cover 9; start the ignition device 4, provide high-temperature heat to the interior of the furnace 1 during the initial ignition stage of garbage treatment, and introduce magnetized air;

When the garbage in the furnace 1 generates flue gas, the flue gas flows upwards, and when it reaches the upper part of the furnace 1, due to the obstruction of the top cover 2-11 of the smoke limiting hood 2, the flue gas can only follow the gap between the smoke limiting hood and the furnace 1 flow, and continue to flow downward along the cavity between the smoke-limiting hood 2 and the furnace wall 1-1, the lower end of the smoke-limiting hood 2 is set below the grate 5 at the lower end of the furnace, so that the flue gas will flow from the furnace along with the buoyancy of the air The furnace grate 5 and the bottom of the first constriction 1-11 flow into the furnace 1, thereby completing a cycle of flue gas in the furnace. Since the flue gas contains combustible gas components, it will be used as a combustion aid inside the furnace to help the gas that has already occurred Reactive garbage continues to react, thereby supporting the continuation of self-reactions. Part of the flue gas that cannot enter the furnace will overflow upwards through the cavity between the smoke limiter 2 and the furnace shell 3, and finally gather at the flue gas outlet on the top of the furnace shell 3 to be discharged.

The flue gas discharged from the flue gas outlet enters the tar processor 7, and after passing through a plurality of smoke baffles 7-9, the flue gas reaches the flue gas discharge port 7-5, and then enters the dust removal and deodorization device through the flue gas discharge pipe, finally Can be vented into air.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (13)

1. A kind of 1. low temperature pyrolyzer autoreaction garbage disposal furnace, it is characterised in that including surrounded by hearth wall burner hearth, limit petticoat pipe and Furnace shell, the burner hearth is the cylinder of upper and lower part opening, the bottom of the burner hearth is provided with fire grate, and the fire grate lower section is provided with Ash storage box, the limit petticoat pipe include top cover and cover wall, and the limit petticoat pipe is sleeved on the outside of the hearth wall, the furnace shell set Mounted in the outside of the limit petticoat pipe, the limit petticoat pipe is provided between the top of burner hearth and furnace shell, bottom and sidepiece respectively to be supplied The cavity of flue gas circulation；

   The top of the furnace shell is provided with exhanst gas outlet and charge door, and the charge door is provided with bell, the top of the limit petticoat pipe Cover and be provided with loading channel, the loading channel connects with the charge door.
2. 2. low temperature pyrolyzer autoreaction garbage disposal furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the bottom of the burner hearth to Inner bending forms the first necking, and the fire grate is arranged in first necking；The bottom of the limit petticoat pipe is provided with and described the The second necking that one necking is adapted.
3. 3. low temperature pyrolyzer autoreaction garbage disposal furnace according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the first necking wall is Engraved structure.
4. 4. low temperature pyrolyzer autoreaction garbage disposal furnace according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the furnace shell includes stove Cover top plate, furnace shell body sidewall and furnace shell bottom plate, the burner hearth are arranged on the furnace shell bottom plate by support member.
5. 5. low temperature pyrolyzer autoreaction garbage disposal furnace according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the upper end of the limit petticoat pipe It is connected with the furnace shell top plate, the limit petticoat pipe includes left side limit cigarette wall, right side limit cigarette wall, front side limit cigarette wall and rear side limit cigarette Wall, the rear side limit cigarette wall are connected with the rear end of the top cover of the limit petticoat pipe, and the front end of the top cover is folded upward at forming bending Portion, the upper end of the kink are connected with the furnace shell top plate, and the kink is in the front of the exhanst gas outlet, and in institute The rear of front side limit cigarette wall is stated, is limited in the kink with the front side and is provided with the charging on the furnace shell between cigarette wall Mouthful.
6. 6. the low temperature pyrolyzer autoreaction garbage disposal furnace according to claim any one of 1-5, it is characterised in that the flue gas Tar processor is additionally provided with outlet.
7. 7. low temperature pyrolyzer autoreaction garbage disposal furnace according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the tar processor bag Casing is included, the lower end of the casing is connected by tar return duct, return of waste water pipe and smoke outlet tube with the burner hearth, described The upper end of tar return duct is cased with hindering petticoat pipe, and the return of waste water pipe is provided with valve, and the upper end of the casing is arranged provided with flue gas Put mouth and clear water entrance.
8. 8. low temperature pyrolyzer autoreaction garbage disposal furnace according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the casing includes casing Top plate, the roof box lower end are provided with multiple smoke barriers, and multiple smoke barriers form flue gas circulation passage, the flue gas stream Circulation passage is in zigzag path, and the smoke barrier makes flue gas be moved after smoke outlet tube discharge along the flue gas circulation passage, most Afterwards to the fume emission mouth.
9. 9. the low temperature pyrolyzer autoreaction garbage disposal furnace according to claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that also include igniting dress Put, after the head of the igniter sequentially passes through the furnace shell, limit petticoat pipe and hearth wall, be arranged on the lower furnace portion Centre position.
10. 10. low temperature pyrolyzer autoreaction garbage disposal furnace according to claim 9, it is characterised in that also including TEMP Device, after the head of the temperature sensor sequentially passes through the furnace shell, limit petticoat pipe and hearth wall, it is arranged in the burner hearth.
11. 11. low temperature pyrolyzer autoreaction garbage disposal furnace according to claim 10, it is characterised in that also including multiple air Magnetizer, after the air inlet pipe of the air magnetizer sequentially passes through the furnace shell, limit petticoat pipe and hearth wall, it is distributed on the point The surrounding on fiery device head.
12. 12. low temperature pyrolyzer autoreaction garbage disposal furnace according to claim 11, it is characterised in that also including dedusting deodorization Device, the dedusting odor removal are connected by the smoke discharge pipe being arranged on fume emission mouth with the tar processor.
13. 13. the low temperature pyrolyzer autoreaction garbage disposal furnace according to claim any one of 10-12, it is characterised in that also wrap Include negative pressure fan, the negative pressure fan is by rotating shaft and the motor connection being arranged at the top of the furnace shell, and the rotating shaft is from upper The furnace shell, limit petticoat pipe are sequentially passed through under, is arranged on the top of the burner hearth, the negative pressure fan is arranged on the rotating shaft Lower end.