CN107437794B - Direct-current micro-grid bus fault identification method and device and direct-current micro-grid system - Google Patents
Direct-current micro-grid bus fault identification method and device and direct-current micro-grid system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107437794B CN107437794B CN201610363438.5A CN201610363438A CN107437794B CN 107437794 B CN107437794 B CN 107437794B CN 201610363438 A CN201610363438 A CN 201610363438A CN 107437794 B CN107437794 B CN 107437794B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
- H02H7/226—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices for wires or cables, e.g. heating wires
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for identifying bus faults of a direct-current micro-grid and a direct-current micro-grid system. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the bus voltage of the direct-current micro-grid; obtaining a branch current of any branch of the direct current microgrid; obtaining a bus voltage increment according to the bus voltage; obtaining a branch current increment according to the branch current; judging whether the voltage increment is larger than a first action preset value or not and whether the branch current increment is larger than a second action preset value or not; if the voltage increment is larger than the first action preset value and the branch current increment is larger than the second action preset value, the bus is judged to have a fault.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of micro-grids, in particular to a method and a device for identifying bus faults of a direct-current micro-grid and a direct-current micro-grid system.
Background
The microgrid is a controllable distributed power generation and utilization system consisting of photovoltaic and other distributed energy sources and loads, wherein the microgrid for transmitting and utilizing electric energy in a direct current form is called as a direct current microgrid.
In the prior art, overcurrent-based protection of a traditional power distribution system is mostly adopted when a bus fault of a direct-current micro-grid is identified. However, for the dc microgrid system, due to the current limiting function of the converter device, the fault current of the converter device is not so large, so that the protection based on the overcurrent is largely inapplicable, and therefore, there is a need in the art to provide a fault detection method applicable to the dc microgrid system.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for identifying bus faults of a direct-current micro-grid and a direct-current micro-grid system, and aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, when the direct-current micro-grid fails due to the current limiting effect of a converter, the reliability of protection based on over-current is not high.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for identifying a bus fault of a dc microgrid, including: acquiring the bus voltage of the direct-current micro-grid; obtaining a branch current of any branch of the direct current microgrid; obtaining a bus voltage increment according to the bus voltage; obtaining a branch current increment according to the branch current; judging whether the voltage increment is larger than a first action preset value or not and whether the branch current increment is larger than a second action preset value or not; and if the voltage increment is larger than the first action preset value and the branch current increment is larger than the second action preset value, judging that the bus has a fault.
Preferably, the step of determining that the bus has the fault includes: judging whether the time for which the voltage increment is greater than the first action preset value and the branch current increment is greater than the second action preset value is greater than preset time or not; if the state duration time is longer than the preset time, judging that the bus has a permanent fault; otherwise, the next cycle is continued to judge whether the bus has a fault.
Preferably, the method further comprises: acquiring the sum of real-time currents of all branches during permanent fault; judging whether the sum of the real-time currents is greater than zero; and if the sum of the real-time currents is larger than zero, judging that an in-zone fault occurs.
Preferably, the method further comprises: if an in-zone fault occurs, all of the branches connected to the bus are disconnected.
Preferably, the method further comprises: and if the sum of the real-time currents is less than zero, judging that an out-of-range fault occurs.
Preferably, the method further comprises: if an out-of-range fault occurs, comparing the current of each branch circuit; and judging the branch with the largest current as a fault branch.
Preferably, the method further comprises: and disconnecting the fault branch and keeping the rest branches to work continuously.
The invention also provides a device for identifying the bus fault of the direct-current microgrid, which comprises the following components: the voltage acquisition module is used for acquiring the bus voltage of the direct current micro-grid; the current acquisition module is used for acquiring branch current of any branch of the direct-current microgrid; the voltage increment calculation module is used for obtaining bus voltage increment according to the bus voltage; the current increment calculation module is used for obtaining branch current increment according to the branch current; the first judgment module is used for judging whether the voltage increment is larger than a first action preset value or not and whether the branch current increment is larger than a second action preset value or not; and the second judgment module is used for judging that the bus has a fault under the condition that the voltage increment is greater than the first action preset value and the branch current increment is greater than the second action preset value.
Preferably, the second determination module includes: the time judgment submodule is used for judging whether the time of the state that the voltage increment is larger than the first action preset value and the branch current increment is larger than the second action preset value is longer than preset time or not; the permanent fault judgment submodule is used for judging that the bus has a permanent fault under the condition that the state duration time is longer than the preset time; otherwise, the next cycle is continued to judge whether the bus has a fault.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises: the fault current acquisition module is used for acquiring the sum of real-time currents of all branches during permanent fault; the fault current judging module is used for judging whether the sum of the real-time currents is greater than zero; and the in-zone fault judgment module is used for judging that an in-zone fault occurs under the condition that the sum of the real-time currents is greater than zero.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises: and the in-zone fault protection module is used for disconnecting all branch circuits connected with the bus when an in-zone fault occurs.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises: and the outside fault judgment module is used for judging that an outside fault occurs when the sum of the real-time currents is less than or equal to zero.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises: the current comparison module is used for comparing the current of each branch circuit under the condition of occurrence of an external fault; and the fault branch judgment module is used for judging the branch with the maximum current as a fault branch.
Preferably, the device further comprises an out-of-range fault protection module for disconnecting the faulty branch and keeping the remaining branches working.
The invention also provides a direct current micro-grid system which comprises the direct current micro-grid bus fault identification device.
The invention can conveniently determine whether the fault occurs by comparing the bus voltage with the variation of the bus voltage in unit time by utilizing the branch current and the bus voltage which are acquired in real time, thereby ensuring that the direct current micro-grid system which judges the bus fault by utilizing the invention can carry out protection based on over-current, improving the safety and the stability of the system and solving the problem of low reliability of protection based on over-current when the direct current micro-grid fails due to the current limiting function of the converter.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of a direct current microgrid system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a dc microgrid bus fault identification method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the examples, but without limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, the present invention provides a method for identifying a bus fault of a dc microgrid, which is used for identifying whether a bus fault occurs in a linear microgrid, and also for identifying a type of the bus fault, for example, whether an intra-area fault or an extra-area fault is determined, and corresponding protection measures are performed for different types of faults.
FIG. 1 shows a DC micro-gridCircuit structure of net system, wherein LM1 is straight line bus, in which four branches A are connected1、A2、A3And A4The current of each branch is I1、I2、I3And I4The voltage between dc bus LM1 and ground is bus voltage U. Obviously, the invention can be applied to any direct current microgrid system with the number of branches greater than or equal to two, and is not limited to the specific situation shown in fig. 1, but the judgment method can be analogized.
As shown in fig. 2, in order to determine whether a fault occurs in a bus of the dc microgrid, the present invention obtains a bus voltage U of the dc microgrid in real time, and obtains branch currents of each branch of the dc microgrid in real time. In one embodiment, the bus voltage U and the branch current may be obtained by sampling respective sensors.
On the basis of obtaining the bus voltage U and the branch circuit, the invention can obtain the bus voltage increment dU according to the bus voltage and can also obtain the branch current increment dI of any branch according to the branch current.
Then, the invention judges the voltage increment and the current increment of any branch. First, a voltage action setting Udz and a current action setting Idz are preset. Then, the magnitude relation between the voltage increment and the current increment at the current moment and the two setting values is judged. And if the voltage increment is greater than the first action preset value and the branch current increment of any branch is greater than the second action preset value, judging that the bus has a fault.
Therefore, by the technical scheme, the fault can be conveniently determined by comparing the bus voltage with the variation of the branch current in unit time by utilizing the branch current and the bus voltage which are acquired in real time, so that the direct-current microgrid system for judging the bus fault can be protected based on the over-current, the safety and the stability of the system are improved, and the problem of low protection reliability based on the over-current when the direct-current microgrid has the fault due to the current limiting function of the converter is solved.
In order to judge whether the bus fault belongs to a permanent fault, in the process of judging whether the bus fault occurs, the invention also judges whether the time for which the state that the voltage increment is greater than the first action preset value and the branch current increment is greater than the second action preset value lasts is greater than the preset time, and judges whether the bus fault belongs to the permanent fault according to the result. In one embodiment, if the state lasts for more than a preset time, the bus can be judged to have a permanent fault; otherwise, if the state is generated but only continues for a limited short time, it is considered that only the transient fault is generated, and therefore, the next cycle determination can be continued according to the above-described manner of determining the bus fault.
If the permanent fault occurs, the type of the permanent fault can be further judged through the invention. For example, on the basis of judging that the permanent fault occurs, the invention further obtains the real-time current of each branch circuit during the permanent fault, calculates the sum of the real-time currents, and then judges the fault area according to the sum of the real-time currents. In one embodiment, an in-zone fault may be determined to have occurred if the sum of the real-time currents is greater than zero, otherwise an out-of-zone fault is deemed to have occurred. Accordingly, in order to implement fault protection, when an intra-zone fault occurs, the present invention disconnects all the branches connected to the bus bar to protect the branches in all the zones.
If the out-of-area fault occurs, the invention further judges which branch circuit has the fault, disconnects the fault branch circuit and keeps other branch circuits to continue working so as to realize the purpose of protection. In one embodiment, the present invention determines the branch with the largest current as the faulty branch.
Therefore, the invention can effectively identify the fault area through the superposition calculation and the direction detection of the fault current, remove the fault area in a targeted manner and prevent the further expansion of the fault.
The following will describe in detail the implementation of the above method of the present invention with reference to fig. 1 as an example.
Step 1, counting the bus voltage detected in real time and each branch current, and calculating the branch current increment dI and the bus voltage increment dU in unit time.
And 2, continuously comparing the modulus values (| dI |, | dU |) of the two increments with the action setting values (Idz and Udz). And then, judging the moment when the bus voltage increment and the branch current increment are both larger than the action setting value as the moment when the fault occurs. If the state lasts for a period of time, a permanent fault is considered to occur; otherwise, the judgment is continued.
For example, let the bus voltage at time t be UtEach branch current is I1t，I2t，I3t，I4t(ii) a Setting the bus voltage at the moment of t +1 as Ut+1Each branch current is I1t+1，I2t+1，I3t+1，I4t+1If dI is equal to I1t+1-I1t，dU＝U1t+1-U1t。
At this time, if | dI | > Idz and | dU | > Udz continue for a period of time, it is determined that a fault occurs at time t + 1.
And 3, judging the position of the fault and starting protection.
If permanent fault occurs, calculating the real-time current sum sigma I ═ I (I) under the fault state of each branch circuit1+I2+I3+I4)。
If sigma I is greater than 0, the fault current flows to the direct current bus, and at the moment, an intra-area fault occurs, all branches connected with the direct current bus need to be disconnected, so that the fault is prevented from further expanding; otherwise, an out-of-range fault occurs, and then the currents of the branches are further compared, wherein the branch with the largest current is the fault branch, and at the moment, the fault branch only needs to be disconnected, and the rest of the branches continue to work.
The invention also provides a direct current microgrid bus fault identification device, which corresponds to the direct current microgrid bus fault identification method and can be used for realizing the method. Therefore, the description is omitted herein except for the repetition of the above method.
In one embodiment, the direct current microgrid bus fault identification device comprises a voltage acquisition module, a current acquisition module, a voltage increment calculation module, a current increment calculation module, a first judgment module and a second judgment module.
The bus voltage of the direct-current micro-grid is obtained through the voltage obtaining module, and the branch current of any branch of the direct-current micro-grid can be obtained through the current obtaining module. And the voltage increment calculation module calculates the bus voltage increment according to the bus voltage, and the current increment calculation module calculates the branch current increment according to the branch current. And then, judging the magnitude relation between the voltage increment and a first action preset value and the magnitude relation between the branch current increment and a second action preset value through a first judgment module. On the basis, the second judging module judges that the bus has a fault under the condition that the voltage increment is larger than the first action preset value and the branch current increment is larger than the second action preset value.
Therefore, by the technical scheme, the fault can be conveniently determined by comparing the bus voltage with the variation of the branch current in unit time by utilizing the branch current and the bus voltage which are acquired in real time, so that the direct-current microgrid system for judging the bus fault can be protected based on the over-current, the safety and the stability of the system are improved, and the problem of low protection reliability based on the over-current when the direct-current microgrid has the fault due to the current limiting function of the converter is solved.
In order to determine whether a bus fault belongs to a permanent fault, a second determination module of the present invention includes: a time judgment submodule and a permanent fault judgment submodule. And the time judgment submodule judges whether the time for which the voltage increment is greater than the first action preset value and the branch current increment is greater than the second action preset value is greater than preset time or not. And the permanent fault judgment submodule judges that the bus has a permanent fault under the condition that the state duration is longer than the preset time, and otherwise, the permanent fault judgment submodule continues to perform the next cycle to judge whether the bus has the fault.
If the permanent fault occurs, the area with the permanent fault can be further judged through the invention. Therefore, the invention also comprises a fault current acquisition module, a fault current judgment module and an intra-area fault judgment module. The fault current acquisition module is used for acquiring the sum of real-time currents of all branches during permanent fault, the fault current judgment module judges whether the sum of the real-time currents is larger than zero, and the intra-area fault judgment module judges that an intra-area fault occurs under the condition that the sum of the real-time currents is larger than zero. Preferably, the apparatus further comprises an in-zone fault protection module for disconnecting all branch circuits connected to the bus bar in case of an in-zone fault to prevent further propagation of the fault.
Furthermore, the invention also comprises an outside fault judgment module which judges that outside faults occur when the sum of the real-time currents is less than or equal to zero. Preferably, the apparatus further comprises: the current comparison module is used for comparing the current of each branch circuit under the condition of occurrence of an external fault; and the fault branch judgment module is used for judging the branch with the maximum current as a fault branch. Preferably, the device further comprises an out-of-range fault protection module for disconnecting the faulty branch and keeping the remaining branches working.
The invention also provides a direct current micro-grid system which comprises the direct current micro-grid bus fault identification device.
As shown in fig. 1, according to the above technical solution, the present invention can acquire dc bus voltage and current data of each branch circuit through a configuration data acquisition device installed at a protection device, and then transmit the data acquired by each acquisition point to a protection control center in real time in a communication manner, and the protection control center analyzes and calculates the data by using the above method or device, thereby determining whether a permanent fault occurs near the dc bus.
Of course, the above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several modifications and refinements can be made without departing from the basic principle of the invention, and these modifications and refinements are also considered to be within the protective scope of the invention.
Claims (15)
1. A direct current micro grid bus fault identification method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the bus voltage of the direct-current micro-grid;
obtaining a branch current of any branch of the direct current microgrid;
obtaining a bus voltage increment according to the bus voltage;
obtaining a branch current increment according to the branch current;
judging whether the voltage increment is larger than a first action preset value or not and whether the branch current increment is larger than a second action preset value or not;
and if the voltage increment is larger than the first action preset value and the branch current increment is larger than the second action preset value, judging that the bus has a fault.
2. The method for identifying the fault of the direct-current micro-grid bus according to claim 1, wherein the step of judging that the bus has the fault comprises the following steps:
judging whether the time for which the voltage increment is greater than the first action preset value and the branch current increment is greater than the second action preset value is greater than preset time or not;
if the duration time of the state is longer than the preset time, judging that the bus has a permanent fault; otherwise, the next cycle is continued to judge whether the bus has a fault.
3. The dc microgrid bus fault identification method of claim 2, further comprising:
acquiring the sum of real-time currents of all branches during permanent fault;
judging whether the sum of the real-time currents is greater than zero;
and if the sum of the real-time currents is larger than zero, judging that an in-zone fault occurs.
4. The direct current microgrid bus fault identification method of claim 3, further comprising:
if an in-zone fault occurs, all of the branches connected to the bus are disconnected.
5. The direct current microgrid bus fault identification method of claim 3, further comprising:
and if the sum of the real-time currents is less than or equal to zero, judging that an out-of-range fault occurs.
6. The direct current microgrid bus fault identification method of claim 5, further comprising:
if an out-of-range fault occurs, comparing the current of each branch circuit;
and judging the branch with the largest current as a fault branch.
7. The direct current microgrid bus fault identification method of claim 6, further comprising: and disconnecting the fault branch and keeping the rest branches to work continuously.
8. A little electric wire netting generating line fault recognition device of direct current, its characterized in that includes:
the voltage acquisition module is used for acquiring the bus voltage of the direct current micro-grid;
the current acquisition module is used for acquiring branch current of any branch of the direct-current microgrid;
the voltage increment calculation module is used for obtaining bus voltage increment according to the bus voltage;
the current increment calculation module is used for obtaining branch current increment according to the branch current;
the first judgment module is used for judging whether the voltage increment is larger than a first action preset value or not and whether the branch current increment is larger than a second action preset value or not;
and the second judgment module is used for judging that the bus has a fault under the condition that the voltage increment is greater than the first action preset value and the branch current increment is greater than the second action preset value.
9. The dc microgrid bus fault identification device of claim 8, wherein the second determination module comprises:
the time judgment submodule is used for judging whether the time of the state that the voltage increment is larger than the first action preset value and the branch current increment is larger than the second action preset value is longer than preset time or not;
the permanent fault judgment submodule is used for judging that the bus has a permanent fault under the condition that the duration time of the state is longer than the preset time; otherwise, the next cycle is continued to judge whether the bus has a fault.
10. The dc microgrid bus fault identification device of claim 9, further comprising:
the fault current acquisition module is used for acquiring the sum of real-time currents of all branches during permanent fault;
the fault current judging module is used for judging whether the sum of the real-time currents is greater than zero;
and the in-zone fault judgment module is used for judging that an in-zone fault occurs under the condition that the sum of the real-time currents is greater than zero.
11. The dc microgrid bus fault identification device of claim 10, further comprising:
and the in-zone fault protection module is used for disconnecting all branch circuits connected with the bus when an in-zone fault occurs.
12. The dc microgrid bus fault identification device of claim 10, further comprising:
and the outside fault judgment module is used for judging that an outside fault occurs when the sum of the real-time currents is less than or equal to zero.
13. The dc microgrid bus fault identification device of claim 12, further comprising:
the current comparison module is used for comparing the current of each branch circuit under the condition of occurrence of an external fault;
and the fault branch judgment module is used for judging the branch with the maximum current as a fault branch.
14. The dc microgrid bus fault identification device of claim 13, further comprising an out-of-range fault protection module for disconnecting the faulty branch and keeping the remaining branches on.
15. A dc microgrid system comprising a dc microgrid bus fault identification apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 14.
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| CN201610363438.5A CN107437794B (en) | 2016-05-26 | 2016-05-26 | Direct-current micro-grid bus fault identification method and device and direct-current micro-grid system |
| PCT/CN2017/081707 WO2017202165A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 | 2017-04-24 | Method of identifying fault in dc microgrid power line, device, and dc microgrid system |
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| CN109921389B (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2024-01-16 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Direct-current micro-grid fault protection method and system |
| CN112444667B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2024-02-13 | 南京理工大学 | Boundary protection method for direct-current power distribution network |
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| CN112751330B (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2022-07-22 | 北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司 | Low-voltage direct-current continuous power supply system and control method thereof |
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