CN107417204A - It is a kind of can 3D printing CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete and its preparation, application method - Google Patents
It is a kind of can 3D printing CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete and its preparation, application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107417204A CN107417204A CN201710512635.3A CN201710512635A CN107417204A CN 107417204 A CN107417204 A CN 107417204A CN 201710512635 A CN201710512635 A CN 201710512635A CN 107417204 A CN107417204 A CN 107417204A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00181—Mixtures specially adapted for three-dimensional printing (3DP), stereo-lithography or prototyping
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
- C04B2111/343—Crack resistant materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The present invention relates to it is a kind of can 3D printing CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete and its preparation, application method, count in parts by weight, the composition and content of concrete are respectively：Fast rigid 6.8 7.2 parts of Portland cement；1.35 1.45 parts of flyash；0.75 0.85 parts of silicon ash；0.75 0.85 parts of hollow glass micropearl；7.1 7.3 parts of sand；4.7 4.9 parts of CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, the average grain diameter of the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is 220 270 μm；2.6 2.8 parts of water；0.045 0.055 parts of water reducer；Length is 7 10mm 0.005 0.007 parts of polypropylene fibre；Length is 11 14mm 0.005 0.007 parts of basalt fibre；Viscosity is 20,000 7 ten thousand 0.04 0.06 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.For the concrete material using CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND as part sand material concrete batching, printing performance is high, intensity is high, cost is low, is advantageous to promote the practical engineering application of 3D printing concrete.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of concrete, specifically, be related to it is a kind of can 3D printing CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber coagulation
Soil and its preparation, application method.
Background technology
3D printing technique obtained significant development, 3D printing bridge, 3D printing house etc. in civil construction field in recent years
Example it is commonly reported that, these largely confirm the feasibility that 3D printing technique is applied to civil construction field.3D
Design liberalization that printing concrete technology also has by it, build flexibility, speed of application is fast, cost of labor is low, automation
Many advantages, such as degree is high, environmental pollution is small and widely paid close attention to and promoted.
However, currently for can 3D printing concrete material species report it is still few, and 3D printing concrete material
Use needs and 3D printer running parameter it is mutually harmonious.The printing performance of concrete mix (such as mobility, squeezes
Going out property, constructiveness, early stage rigidity etc.) with the print parameters of printer (such as extruded velocity, print speed, printing height, printhead
Design size etc.) mutually restrict and also complement each other.In the printing performance and printer of reasonably optimizing design concrete material
On the premise of print parameters, smoothly completing for print procedure can be ensured.
The advantage of 3D printing concrete is that labour cost, fee of material, mechanical transport expense etc. can be reduced, such as Application No.
201610947297.1 Chinese patent discloses a kind of concrete for 3D printing, in Application No. 201510375110.0
State's patent discloses a kind of high-performance powder concrete for 3D printing, and Application No. 201510228281.0 China specially
Profit discloses a kind of concrete material available for 3D printing and preparation method thereof, and above-mentioned concrete material is not directed to using useless
Gu material carries out the preparation of material.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide it is a kind of can 3D printing CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete and its preparation, application method.Should
For concrete material using CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND as part sand material concrete batching, printing performance is high, intensity is high, cost is low, is advantageous to
Promote the practical engineering application of 3D printing concrete.The preparation method adds raw material at twice, adds include every time
The raw material of powdery type, fine sand class and fiber-like, this ensure that the uniform mix of raw material.Thereafter, water also divides with additive
Add twice, reduce concrete unite, the phenomenon of balling-up, improve the workability of concrete, obtain that civil construction can be used in
It is used for the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete of extrusion type 3D printer in engineering.Printed in the range of the parameters that application method limits
Prepared concrete, it is ensured that smooth and 3D printing concrete the structural stability of print procedure.
The purpose of the present invention is to be realized by the following technical programs：
It is a kind of can 3D printing CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete, count in parts by weight, the composition and content of concrete are respectively：
Fast rigid Portland cement 6.8-7.2 parts；
Flyash 1.35-1.45 parts；
Silicon ash 0.75-0.85 parts；
Hollow glass micropearl 0.75-0.85 parts；
Sand 7.1-7.3 parts；
CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND 4.7-4.9 parts, the average grain diameter of the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is 220-270 μm；
Water 2.6-2.8 parts；
Water reducer 0.045-0.055 parts；
Length is 7-10mm polypropylene fibre 0.005-0.007 parts；
Length is 11-14mm basalt fibre 0.005-0.007 parts；
Viscosity is 20,000-7 ten thousand hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 0.04-0.06 parts.
It is a kind of it is above-mentioned can 3D printing CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete preparation method, the preparation method comprises the following steps：
(1) count in parts by weight, above-mentioned raw materials are divided into four groups, first group is fast rigid Portland cement 6.8-
7.2 parts, flyash 1.35-1.45 parts, natural sand 7.1-7.3 parts and polypropylene fibre 0.005-0.007 parts, second group is silicon ash
0.75-0.85 parts, hollow glass micropearl 0.75-0.85 parts, CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND 4.7-4.9 parts and basalt fibre 0.005-0.007 parts,
3rd group is water 1.3-1.4 parts and water reducer 0.04-0.06 parts, and the 4th group is the water of surplus and the hydroxypropyl of 0.045-0.065 parts
Ylmethyl cellulose；
(2) first group or second group of raw material is sent into horizontal type mixer and mixed simultaneously, to being thoroughly mixed
Uniformly, it is then corresponding again to be added to second group or first group of raw material simultaneously in above-mentioned well mixed mixture, enter
Row mixes, to being mixed thoroughly；
(3) raw material of the 3rd group and the 4th group is first well mixed respectively, be then respectively added to mixed material
In the end of a period mixture that step (2) obtains, 90-180s is stirred respectively, that is, obtains described concrete.
It is a kind of it is above-mentioned can 3D printing CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete application method, the application method is：By above-mentioned coagulation
Soil pumping or machinery are delivered in the printing head of 3D printer, time of repose 30-40min, set printing head outlet
Product is 180~200mm2, extruded velocity 0.3-0.4m3/ h, level are 250-290m/h to print speed, are then printed.
Compared with existing 3D printing concrete material, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1) largely reduce because producing the destruction to environment and ecology using natural sand stone, reduce mine tailing
The maintenance management cost of sand, reduce the price of 3D printing concrete material；
2) mixing incorporation polypropylene and basalt fibre on the one hand effectively inhibit because surface moisture evaporation and caused by receipts
Phenomena such as contracting, cracking, on the other hand substantially increase the mechanical strength especially ductility of concrete material；
3) use of viscosity modifier reduces the layering effect of print structure, improves the globality of print structure.This
The advantages of invention, is used for mining waste copper tailing sand among the preparation of 3D printing concrete, and tradition is substituted with copper tailing sand
Concrete prepares central river sand, can obtain good cost and environmental benefit, on the one hand can reduce the maintenance pipe of mine tailing
Reason and the cost of processing, pollution of the mining waste to environment is reduced, on the other hand can reduce the use of river sand, protects riverbed
With reduction soil erosion.The mobility of 3D printing material, coagulability, extrudability, constructiveness etc. are required to the ginseng with 3D printer
Number is mutually harmonious.For example, under the premise of the mobility of concrete material has determined that, if the print speed of printer is excessively slow,
The structure then printed easily occurs accumulating or the phenomenon of fold, if print speed is too fast, then can cause concrete material
Interruption.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the concrete of embodiment 1 carries out the design sketch of extrudability evaluation test.
Fig. 2 is that the concrete of embodiment 1 carries out the design sketch of constructiveness evaluation test.
Embodiment
The present invention is explained further with reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, but is not protected in this, as to the application claim
Protect the restriction of scope.
The present invention can 3D printing CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete, count in parts by weight, the composition and content of concrete difference
For：
Fast rigid Portland cement 6.8-7.2 parts；
Flyash 1.35-1.45 parts；
Silicon ash 0.75-0.85 parts；
Hollow glass micropearl 0.75-0.85 parts；
Sand 7.1-7.3 parts；
CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND 4.7-4.9 parts, the average grain diameter of the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is 220-270 μm；
Water 2.6-2.8 parts；
Water reducer 0.045-0.055 parts；
Length is 7-10mm polypropylene fibre 0.005-0.007 parts；
Length is 11-14mm basalt fibre 0.005-0.007 parts；
Viscosity is 20,000-7 ten thousand hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 0.04-0.06 parts.
The specific surface area of the fast rigid Portland cement is 348m2/ kg, density 3.0g/cm3, normal consistency use
Water is 25.9%, presetting period 170min, final setting time 210min, loss on ignition 3.5%, and content of magnesia is
2.18%, 3 days rupture strengths are 5.7MPa, and 3 days compression strength is 30MPa.The use of fast hydraulic cement is in order that concrete
Higher getting up early intensity is obtained, is advantageous to improve the constructiveness of concrete.
The loss on ignition of the flyash is 7.1%, moisture content 0.1%, calcium oxide content 3.7%, and water demand ratio is
104%, fineness is that 45 μm of square hole screens tail over 17.5%.
The density of the silicon ash is 2.3g/cm3, specific surface area is 25~29m2/ g, moisture content 1.5%.
The particle diameter of the hollow glass micropearl is 2-125 μm, density 0.46g/cm3, bulk density 0.29g/cm3, resist
Compressive Strength is 41.37MPa, its floatability 96%, and hollow glass micropearl can play the effect of its lubrication, can improve squeezing for concrete
Going out property.
The sand is 387.5 μm of average grain diameter, specific surface area 0.101m2/ g natural sand；
The average grain diameter of the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is 246 μm, specific surface area 0.141m2/g；
The water reducer is poly carboxylic acid series water reducer, and water-reducing rate is more than 30%, solid content 36.5%；
The length of the polypropylene fibre is 9mm, a diameter of 50 μm, density 0.9g/cm3, tensile strength 4MPa, bullet
Property modulus is 3-8GPa；
The length of the basalt fibre is 12mm, tensile strength 3300-4500MPa, modulus of elasticity 95-
115GPa, elongation at break 2.4-3.0%；The addition of two kinds of fibers (polypropylene fibre and basalt fibre) is on the one hand reduced
The cracking that concrete early stage is formed by moisture evaporation, while the fracture toughness of concrete after hardening can be improved.
The hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) is a kind of viscosity modifier, and preferred viscosities specification is 50,000 viscosity, viscosity
The use of modifying agent can improve the section cohesive force of 3D printing structure between layers, so as to improve the entirety of 3D printing structure
Property.
Heretofore described CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is copper tailing sand, iron tailings sand and golden CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND etc., and CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is tackled before use
Handled, it is 220-270 μm to ensure its particle size range, you can meets production and application requirement.
The present invention can the preparation method of CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete of 3D printing comprise the following steps：
(1) count in parts by weight, above-mentioned raw materials are divided into four groups, first group is fast rigid Portland cement 6.8-
7.2 parts, flyash 1.35-1.45 parts, natural sand 7.1-7.3 parts and polypropylene fibre 0.005-0.007 parts, second group is silicon ash
0.75-0.85 parts, hollow glass micropearl 0.75-0.85 parts, CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND 4.7-4.9 parts and basalt fibre 0.005-0.007 parts,
3rd group is water 1.3-1.4 parts and water reducer 0.04-0.06 parts, and the 4th group is the water of surplus and the hydroxypropyl of 0.045-0.065 parts
Ylmethyl cellulose；
(2) first group or second group of raw material is sent into horizontal type mixer and mixed simultaneously, to being thoroughly mixed
Uniformly, it is then corresponding again to be added to second group or first group of raw material simultaneously in above-mentioned well mixed mixture, enter
Row mixes, to being mixed thoroughly；
(3) raw material of the 3rd group and the 4th group is first well mixed respectively, be then respectively added to mixed material
In the end of a period mixture that step (2) obtains, 90-180s is stirred respectively, that is, obtains described concrete.
Powder, sand and fiber are divided into two groups of carry out priority mixing in preparation method of the present invention, then again added each
Add agent to be separately added into again after being mixed with part water, the mixing uniformity of concrete can be improved, and powder and fiber are launched at twice
The dispersiveness of fiber can be improved, reduces the phenomenon that fiber is united, moisture adds twice can reduce the pockets of phenomenon of balling-up.The system
First group and second group of addition sequence does not require in Preparation Method, and the 3rd group and the 4th group of addition sequence does not require, protects
Card can be sufficiently mixed.
The present invention can the application method of CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete of 3D printing be：By the concrete pumping of above-mentioned formula or
Machinery is delivered in the printing head of 3D printer, time of repose 30-40min, and the time of repose refers to prepare from concrete
Well to the time printed between starting, it is 180~200mm to set printing head discharge area2, extruded velocity 0.3-
0.4m3/ h, level are 250-290m/h to print speed, are vertically 0.7-0.9m/h to print speed, nozzle printing is highly
20-32mm, then printed.
The concrete obtained according to formula provided by the present invention and preparation method is printed, to the structure after printing
Body carries out correlated performance test, i.e. fluidity evaluating, constructiveness evaluation, compression strength evaluation level bending strength evaluation, after tested
It can ensure being smoothed out for print procedure on the premise of meeting that proposed printing requires using concrete of the present invention, and print
Resulting structures body is stablized solid afterwards.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment can the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete of 3D printing count in parts by weight, composition and the content difference of concrete
For：
42.5# rigid 7.0 parts of Portland cements soon；
1.4 parts of flyash,
0.80 part of silicon ash,
0.8 part of hollow glass micropearl,
7.2 parts of natural sand,
4.8 parts of copper tailing sand,
2.6 parts of water,
0.05 part of water reducer,
Length is 9mm 0.006 part of polypropylene fibre,
Length is 12mm 0.006 part of basalt fibre,
Viscosity is 50,000 0.05 part of HPMC viscosity modifiers.
The specific surface area of the fast rigid Portland cement is 348m2/ kg, density 3.0g/cm3, normal consistency use
Water is 25.9%, presetting period 170min, final setting time 210min, loss on ignition 3.5%, and content of magnesia is
2.18%, 3 days rupture strengths are 5.7MPa, and 3 days compression strength is 30MPa.
The loss on ignition of the flyash is 7.1%, moisture content 0.1%, calcium oxide content 3.7%, and water demand ratio is
104%, fineness is that 45 μm of square hole screens tail over 17.5%.
The density of the silicon ash is 2.3g/cm3, specific surface area is 25~29m2/g；The particle diameter of the hollow glass micropearl is
100 μm, density 0.46g/cm3, bulk density 0.29g/cm3, compression strength 41.37MPa, its floatability 96%；It is described
Sand is 387.5 μm of average grain diameter, specific surface area 0.101m2/ g natural sand；The average grain diameter of the copper tailing sand is 246 μ
M, specific surface area 0.141m2/g；The water reducer is poly carboxylic acid series water reducer, and water-reducing rate is more than 30%, and solid content is
36.5%.
The present embodiment can the preparation method of CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete of 3D printing be：
(1) count in parts by weight, above-mentioned raw materials are divided into four groups, first group is 42.5# rigid Portland cements soon
0.006 part of 7.0 parts, 1.4 parts of flyash, 7.2 parts of natural sand and polypropylene fibre, second group is that 0.8 part of silicon ash, hollow glass are micro-
0.006 part of 0.8 part of pearl, 4.8 parts of copper tailing sand and basalt fibre, the 3rd group is 0.05 part of 1.3 parts of water and water reducer, the 4th group
Water and 0.05 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose for surplus；
(2) first group of raw material to be sent into 30L horizontal type mixers and mixed simultaneously, mixing speed is 45 turns/
Minute, whipping temp is 20 DEG C, mixing time 180s of room temperature, to being mixed thoroughly；Then it is corresponding by second group again
Raw material is added in above-mentioned well mixed mixture simultaneously, is mixed, and mixing speed is 45 revs/min, stirring
Temperature is 20 DEG C, mixing time 180s of room temperature, to being mixed thoroughly；
(3) raw material of the 3rd group and the 4th group is first well mixed respectively, then added the 3rd group of mixed material
In the end of a period mixture obtained to step (2), 90s is stirred under above-mentioned whipping temp and mixing speed；Finally by the 4th group
Mixed material adds under above-mentioned whipping temp and mixing speed, is stirred for 90s, that is, obtains described concrete.
Using the present embodiment can the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete of 3D printing carry out 3D printing, detailed process is：Match somebody with somebody above-mentioned
The concrete pump of side is delivered in the printing head of 3D printer, time of repose 30min, and it is 8 to set printing head discharge area
×24mm2, extruded velocity 0.3m3/ h, horizontal to print speed is 260m/h, is vertically 0.75m/h to print speed, shower nozzle
Printing height is 24mm；Printed according to above print parameters, obtain print structure body.Print procedure is well on, and
The globality of institute's print structure is preferable, stability is preferable.
Concrete and the above-mentioned structure printed to the present embodiment carry out correlated performance test：
Fluidity evaluating：
With reference to national standard《Test method for fluidity of cement mortar》(GB_T2419-2005),《Ready-mixed concrete》(GBT
14902-2012) and《Standard for test methods of properties of ordinary concrete mixture standard》(GB/T 50080-2016 current standards)》Test
The mobility of the present embodiment concrete, test result are：The slump is 70-88mm, and flowing divergence is 200-210mm, and V-type is leaked
Bucket flowing time is 20-25s.
Extrudability evaluation：
It is extrudability to refer to material by setting the ability exported, if can be extruded under conditions of small outlet,
That changes the shower nozzle of big mouth into, naturally also can successfully be extruded, in extrudability evaluation beating from small outlet 8mm × 8mm
Print shower nozzle is tested.The present embodiment concrete is printing head size 8mm × 8mm in the print parameters of 3D printer, extrusion
Speed is 5.4L/min, and horizontal print speed is 270m/h, under conditions of nozzle printing height 24mm can constantly, continuously,
Print length is 200mm filament, and is occurred without interrupting and blocking, as shown in Figure 1.
Constructiveness is evaluated：
What constructiveness characterized is that material has been stacked certain height without the ability caved in, preferred dimension 8mm
× 24mm printing head is printed, and makes material stacking, and carrying out constructiveness evaluation, (constructiveness refers to printed material in Vertical Square
To the ability or property of accumulation, too small spout can not carry out constructional evaluation test).The present embodiment concrete, in 3D
The print parameters of printer are printing head size 8mm × 24mm, extruded velocity 5.4L/min, and horizontal print speed is
Under conditions of 270m/min, vertical print speed 1.3cm/min, nozzle printing height 24mm, vertical 42 layers of printing is without interruption, nothing
Collapse, the depth-width ratio of resulting structures body is 10:1, the vertical deformation per printable layer is only 0.59%, as shown in Fig. 2 illustrating this reality
Apply a concrete and show excellent constructiveness and structural stability.
Early stage stiffness estimation：
With reference to national standard《Standard for test methods of properties of ordinary concrete mixture standard》(GB/T50080-2002) to this reality
Apply a concrete and carry out early stage rigidity test.Test result is：Penetration resistance is 20-25kPa when age is 30min, during 60min
Penetration resistance is 30-35kPa, and penetration resistance is 40-45kPa during 90min, and penetration resistance is 90-110kPa within 3 hours, is passed through within 6 hours
It is 180-220kPa to enter resistance, and penetration resistance is up to 0.7MPa within 8 hours.
Compression strength is evaluated：
Reference《Standard for test methods of mechanical properties of ordinary concrete》(GB/T50081-2002) to the present embodiment concrete
Carry out intensity test.Test result is：Compression strength is 36MPa when age is 3 days, and compression strength is when age is 14 days
49.6MPa, compression strength is 54.6MPa when age is 28 days.
Bending strength is evaluated：
Reference《Standard for test methods of mechanical properties of ordinary concrete》(GB/T50081-2002) to the present embodiment concrete
Carry out bending strength test.Test result is：7 days bending strengths are up to 7.8MPa, mid-span deflection 0.31mm.
Parameter Conditions of the present embodiment concrete in the 3D printer of setting are can be seen that from above-mentioned test result
Under, can by continuously (flowability problem), (extrusion sex chromosome mosaicism, accompanying drawing 1) that does not block, can vertically heap come and
Do not cave in (build sex chromosome mosaicism, accompanying drawing 2) be printed as a structure, and this structure of printing shaping is after the hardening
With enough compression strength and bending strength.Mobility, extrudability, constructiveness, compression strength and the bending resistance of the concrete
Intensity is preferable.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment can the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete of 3D printing count in parts by weight, composition and the content difference of concrete
For：
42.5# rigid 6.8 parts of Portland cements soon；
1.35 parts of flyash,
0.75 part of silicon ash,
0.75 part of hollow glass micropearl,
7.1 parts of natural sand,
4.7 parts of copper tailing sand,
2.6 parts of water,
0.05 part of water reducer,
Length is 9mm 0.005 part of polypropylene fibre,
Length is 12mm 0.005 part of basalt fibre,
Viscosity is 50,000 0.04 part of HPMC viscosity modifiers.
The present embodiment can the preparation method of CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete of 3D printing be：
(1) count in parts by weight, above-mentioned raw materials are divided into four groups, first group is 42.5# rigid Portland cements soon
0.005 part of 6.8 parts, 1.35 parts of flyash, 7.1 parts of natural sand and polypropylene fibre, second group is 0.75 part of silicon ash, hollow glass
0.005 part of 0.75 part of microballon, 4.7 parts of copper tailing sand and basalt fibre, the 3rd group is 0.05 part of 1.3 parts of water and water reducer, the
Four groups of water and 0.04 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose for surplus；
(2) second group of raw material to be sent into 30L horizontal type mixers and mixed simultaneously, mixing speed is 45 turns/
Minute, whipping temp is 20 DEG C, mixing time 180s of room temperature, to being mixed thoroughly；Then it is corresponding by first group again
Raw material is added in above-mentioned well mixed mixture simultaneously, is mixed, and mixing speed is 45 revs/min, stirring
Temperature is 20 DEG C, mixing time 180s of room temperature, to being mixed thoroughly；
(3) raw material of the 3rd group and the 4th group is first well mixed respectively, then added the 4th group of mixed material
In the end of a period mixture obtained to step (2), 90s is stirred under above-mentioned whipping temp and mixing speed；Finally by the 3rd group
Mixed material adds under above-mentioned whipping temp and mixing speed, is stirred for 90s, that is, obtains described concrete.
By in transport to the printing head of printer, spray outlet is cut after the concrete time of repose 30min of the present embodiment
8 × 24mm of area2, extruded velocity 0.3m3/ h, level are vertically beaten to print speed 250m/h to print speed 0.7m/h, shower nozzle
Print height 26mm.Be configured according to above print parameters, print procedure is well on, and the globality of institute's print structure compared with
Well, stability is preferable.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment can the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete of 3D printing count in parts by weight, composition and the content difference of concrete
For：
42.5# rigid 7.2 parts of Portland cements soon；
1.45 parts of flyash,
0.85 part of silicon ash,
0.85 part of hollow glass micropearl,
7.3 parts of natural sand,
4.9 parts of copper tailing sand,
2.8 parts of water,
0.05 part of water reducer,
Length is 9mm 0.007 part of polypropylene fibre,
Length is 12mm 0.007 part of basalt fibre,
Viscosity is 50,000 0.06 part of HPMC viscosity modifiers.
Concrete material obtained by the present embodiment is stood 40min by the preparation method of the present embodiment concrete with embodiment 1
Transport afterwards to the printing head of printer, 8 × 24mm of spray outlet sectional area2, extruded velocity 0.4m3/ h, it is horizontal to printing speed
290m/h is spent, vertically to print speed 0.9m/h, nozzle printing height 20mm.According to above setting of printing parameter, print procedure
It is well on, and the globality of institute's print structure is preferable, stability is preferable.
Embodiment 4
With embodiment 1, difference is the present embodiment for the composition and preparation method of the present embodiment concrete, print parameters
Middle hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is 0.045 part.
Comparative example 1
Except 6.0 parts of natural sand, copper tailing sand 6.0 especially, other material categorys, addition, be stirred mode and
Print parameters are same as Example 1.Test result is shown：Print procedure can be well on, but because concrete flowability is stronger,
The structure of printing is tilted so that being caved in, and structure can not be molded.The replacement amount of natural sand is 50% in the comparative example, is entered
28 days intensity tests of row, its compression strength is 44.1MPa, much smaller than the compression strength of embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
Except the time of repose after the completion of concrete is stirred is adjusted to 45min, other material categorys, addition, preparation
Method and print parameters are same as Example 2.Test result is shown：Because time of repose is long, concrete material is by flowing
State is converted into moulding state, often occurs the phenomenon interrupted when being extruded from printing head, and print procedure can not be smoothed out.
Comparative example 3
Except 0.01 part of polypropylene fibre, basalt fibre 0.01 especially, other material categorys, addition, preparation method
And print parameters are same as Example 3.Test result is shown：Because the incorporation of fiber is larger, concrete mix is led
In fiber there is phenomenon of uniting, so as to occur in print procedure, at shower nozzle block phenomenon, print procedure can not be suitable
Profit is carried out.
Comparative example 4
Except 0.02 part of HPMC viscosity modifiers, outside time of repose 30min, other material categorys, addition, preparation method
And print parameters are same as Example 2.Test result is shown：Print procedure is well on, but the layer of print structure with
Interfacial adhesion between layer is poor, obvious lamination occurs, the globality of institute's print structure is poor.
Comparative example 5
Except extruded velocity 0.5m3/ h, for level to outside print speed 210m/h, other material categorys, addition, stirring are mixed
Conjunction mode and print parameters are same as Example 2.Test result is shown：Concrete material can be squeezed smoothly from printhead
Go out, but due to concrete extrusion speed, and print speed is slower, the concrete for causing to be printed goes out near shower nozzle
Packing phenomenon is showed, and buckling phenomena occurs in the plane of printing.
Comparative example 6
Preparation method and the raw material composition of comparative example 6 with embodiment 4, difference in the comparative example HPMC viscosity change
Property agent be 0.015 part.
Comparative example 7
Preparation method and the raw material composition of comparative example 7 with embodiment 4, difference in the comparative example HPMC viscosity change
Property agent be 0.030 part.
7 days bending strength tests are carried out to comparative example 6, comparative example 7 and embodiment 4, test result is respectively 6.5MPa,
6.7MPa and 7.2MPa.Therefore, 7 days bending strengths in inventive formulation are more preferable.
The present invention does not address part and is applied to prior art, and involved raw material are commercially available or obtained by conventional method
Arrive.
Claims (7)
1. it is a kind of can 3D printing CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete, count in parts by weight, the composition and content of concrete are respectively：
Fast rigid Portland cement 6.8-7.2 parts；
Flyash 1.35-1.45 parts；
Silicon ash 0.75-0.85 parts；
Hollow glass micropearl 0.75-0.85 parts；
Sand 7.1-7.3 parts；
CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND 4.7-4.9 parts, the average grain diameter of the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is 220-270 μm；
Water 2.6-2.8 parts；
Water reducer 0.045-0.055 parts；
Length is 7-10mm polypropylene fibre 0.005-0.007 parts；
Length is 11-14 mm basalt fibre 0.005-0.007 parts；
Viscosity is 20,000-7 ten thousand hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 0.04-0.06 parts.
2. it is according to claim 1 can 3D printing CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete, it is characterised in that the fast hardness is common
The specific surface area of portland cement is 348 m2/ kg, density 3.0g/cm3, consumptive use of water normal consistence 25.9%, the presetting period
For 170 min, final setting time is 210 min, and loss on ignition 3.5%, content of magnesia 2.18%, 3 days rupture strengths are 5.7
MPa, 3 days compression strength are 30 MPa.
3. it is according to claim 1 can 3D printing CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete, it is characterised in that the burning of the flyash
Vector is 7.1%, moisture content 0.1%, calcium oxide content 3.7%, water demand ratio 104%, and fineness is that 45 μm of square hole screens tail over
17.5%。
4. it is according to claim 1 can 3D printing CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete, it is characterised in that the density of the silicon ash
For 2.3 g/cm3, specific surface area is 25 ~ 29 m2/g；The particle diameter of the hollow glass micropearl is 2-125 μm, and density is 0.46 g/
cm3, bulk density is 0.29 g/cm3, compression strength is 41.37 MPa, its floatability 96%；The sand is average grain diameter
387.5 μm, the m of specific surface area 0.1012/ g natural sand；The specific surface area of the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is 0.141 m2/g；The water reducer
For poly carboxylic acid series water reducer, water-reducing rate is more than 30%, solid content 36.5%.
5. it is according to claim 1 can 3D printing CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete, it is characterised in that the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is copper
CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, iron tailings sand and golden CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND.
6. a kind of claim 1-5 it is any it is described can 3D printing CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete preparation method, the preparation side
Method comprises the following steps：
（1）Count in parts by weight, above-mentioned raw materials be divided into four groups, first group be fast rigid Portland cement 6.8-7.2 parts,
Flyash 1.35-1.45 parts, natural sand 7.1-7.3 parts and polypropylene fibre 0.005-0.007 parts, second group is silicon ash 0.75-
0.85 part, hollow glass micropearl 0.75-0.85 parts, CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND 4.7-4.9 parts and basalt fibre 0.005-0.007 parts, the 3rd
Group is water 1.3-1.4 parts and water reducer 0.04-0.06 parts, and the 4th group is the water of surplus and the hydroxypropyl first of 0.045-0.065 parts
Base cellulose；
（2）First group or second group of raw material is sent into horizontal type mixer and mixed simultaneously, to being mixed thoroughly,
Then it is corresponding again to be added to second group or first group of raw material simultaneously in above-mentioned well mixed mixture, mixed
Stirring, to being mixed thoroughly；
（3）The raw material of 3rd group and the 4th group is first well mixed respectively, mixed material is then added to step respectively
（2）In obtained end of a period mixture, 90-180s is stirred respectively, that is, obtains described concrete.
7. a kind of claim 1-6 it is any it is described can 3D printing CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND fiber concrete application method, the user
Method is：Above-mentioned concrete pumping or machinery are delivered in the printing head of 3D printer, time of repose 30-40 min, set
Printing head discharge area is 180 ~ 200 mm2, extruded velocity is 0.3-0.4 m3/ h, it is horizontal to print speed be 250-290
M/h, then printed.
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