CN107409918A - A kind of day garlic method for culturing seedlings - Google Patents

A kind of day garlic method for culturing seedlings Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107409918A
CN107409918A CN201710722483.XA CN201710722483A CN107409918A CN 107409918 A CN107409918 A CN 107409918A CN 201710722483 A CN201710722483 A CN 201710722483A CN 107409918 A CN107409918 A CN 107409918A
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China
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railway carriage
seedling
compartment
day
spray
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Inventor
唐克华
董爱文
卜晓英
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Jishou University
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Jishou University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of day garlic seedling method on scale, and railway carriage or compartment, seed treatment, sowing, the front and rear management of emergence, emergence transplanting and other steps are opened through selection of land, scaffolding.Specification is carried out to the requirement of day garlic nursery selection of land, by present invention provide that carrying out selection of land, land used and soil treatment, seedling susceptible gene is extremely low, seedling replanting survival rate more than 95%.Seedling is healthy and strong, and leaf bottle green, root system is more, thick, color is white, and rhizome is sturdy, more than diameter 0.4cm, and growth is vigorous.

Description

A kind of day garlic method for culturing seedlings
Technical field
The invention belongs to modern Chinese herbal medicine cultivation technology field, and in particular to a kind of to be educated using the progress scale of day garlic seed Seedling-growing method.
Background technology
Its garlic be called for day fragrant-flowered garlic, Common Squill Bulb, medicine dog garlic, crow green onion, stone jujube, only leaf celery, mountain garlic, jujube, it is blue, urge Sward, actually rare wild leek original seed, be liliaceous plant Chinese squill bulb or herb.Bulb Dan Sheng, narrow ovate cylinder Shape, thick 0.5-1.5 centimetres;Bulb crust yellowish-brown or dark brown, band is red sometimes, and papery, bar splits, sometimes nearly threadiness, On sample often because crust comes off and only more than linen film quality endothelium.Leaf width bar shaped is shorter than scape or near etc. to strip lanceolar Long, wide 0.5-1.5 (- 2.3) centimetre, tip is tapering, blunt nosed.Scape is cylindric, 30-50 centimetres of high (15-), by leaf below middle part Sheath, dilute only bottom is by leaf sheath;The unilateral cracking of involucre, has long beak, and beak length harbors or caducous up to 7 centimetres sometimes;Umbel is more Flower, loosely;Pedicel is closely isometric, and than 2-4 times of perianth length of a film, fruiting period is longer, and base portion is without squamella;Floral white;Tapel often with Green middle arteries, long 3-5 millimeters, wide 1.5-2.5 millimeters, the ovate square of lubrication groove is circular, and tip is truncate or blunt circle, foreign steamer it is avette, Navicular, it is slightly shorter;Filigree is isometric, is 1.5-2 times of perianth leaf length, only base portion symphysis and with tapel adhesion, the base portion of lubrication groove Expand, per side, respectively 1 gear piece of tool, the high 1.5-2.5 millimeters of gear piece, top have 2 to several pieces irregular small teeth to enlarged, foreign steamer Taper;Ovary falls ovate, and ventral suture base portion has the depression honey cave of curtain;Style is stretched out outside perianth.The flowering fruit bearing stage 8-9 months.Bulb can It is edible.Produce Shanxi, Henan (western part), Shaanxi (south) and Sichuan (northern and east).It is born in the dark and damp of height above sea level 1400-2000 rice Hillside, limes marginis or sylvan life.
The harvesting in 6~July of its garlic, is cleaned, fresh or dry.The effect of its garlic and effect are promoting blood circulation and stopping pain;Removing toxicity for detumescence;Cardiac stimulant Diuresis.Cure mainly traumatic injury;Arthralgia and myalgia;Sore, carbuncle and painful swelling acute mastitis;Heart disease oedema.Because day garlic has important medical, edible Value, people are excavated without restraint to it in recent years, the abundance of wild day garlic is reduced rapidly, have been difficult that excavation is arrived now Wild day garlic.Along with the growth conditions of day garlic is harsh, day garlic percentage of seedgermination is low, in order to meet market needs, to day Garlic carries out artificial cultivation, and current day garlic cultivation is mainly bred using seed or rhizome, but day garlic percentage of seedgermination is extremely low, and bulb is numerous Educate speed and slow, the needs of plantation can not be met.
The content of the invention
For day garlic nursery exist seedling susceptible gene is high, seedling body it is unhealthy and strong it is neat, transplanting survival rate is low, cost is high etc. asks Topic, the present invention provide one kind and utilize day garlic seed sowing nursery, be easy to a day garlic crop field scale breeding technology, overcome existing educate The limitation of seedling skill technology.
The present invention provides a kind of day garlic seedling method on scale, before opening railway carriage or compartment, seed treatment, sowing, emergence through selection of land, scaffolding Manage afterwards, transplanting and other steps of emerging, its specific steps includes as follows:
(1) the nursery selection of land requirement of day garlic seed sowing nursery:Nursery be new reclamation of wasteland level land or gentle slope, it is well-drained Rice field, soil property are sandy loam, and first year is whole well, cultivate deep more than the 15cm of soil;
(2) scaffolding opens railway carriage or compartment:High 1.8~the 2.0m of canopy, determine that canopy is wide and canopy is grown according to physical features, 1~2 mu is a canopy, and railway carriage or compartment is wide by 1.2 ~1.5m, in point railway carriage or compartment site preparation, every mu applies composite fertilizer 50kg and makees base manure, uniformly digs into soil, is fully mixed with native, smooth railway carriage or compartment Behind face, 4~8cm of covering is thick to prepare matrix;
(3) seed treatment:In late Febuary to early March, a day garlic seed is cleaned with water, flat kind is removed, continues to use 100ppm + 500 times of gibberellin+1000 times of carbendazim thiophanate methyl solution constant temperature soaks 5~11h, and solution temperature is maintained at 25~30 DEG C, Drain away the water, admix 5~10 times amount seed river sands, river sand placed into after being well mixed with seed in mixer polish 20~ 40min;
(4) thickness of sowing:Uniformly sowing, every mu of sowing 4~8kg, uniform fold matrix 2cm, will with mist with sprayer Railway carriage or compartment face is drenched, and builds the high Small plastic sheds of 30cm, after 3 leaf phases, diurnal temperature removes shed after keeping more than 25 DEG C in greenhouse;
(5) managed before emergence:Railway carriage or compartment face temperature is kept for more than 25 DEG C, according to the weather conditions in local 3~April, buried temperature Line heats up;Humidity 80~85% in canopy, every 2~3h are checked once, keep railway carriage or compartment face moistening, and railway carriage or compartment face water is supplemented with mist with sprayer Point, until emergence more than 70%;
(6) rich water quality management after emerging:After emergence 60%, moisturizing spray to spraying through soil according to railway carriage or compartment face drying regime Earth, be a cycle by every 7 days in 60% emergence the latter moon with sprayer spray nutritious liquor during by means of moisturizing, spray A nutrient solutions, Spray a B nutrient solution within every 5 days after one month, apply nutrient solution 200~250kg/ mus every time;
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:Pest damage can fill 800 times of 90% trichlorphon of leaching under insight in diameter 1m at harm Liquid, foliar pest can spray 90% trichlorphon, 800 times of liquid;
(8) middle and later periods management after emerging:Plant is grown to 3 leaves, and seedling stage enters middle term management, enters the later stage after 4 leaves Rich water quality management, 150~200kg/ mus were sprayed with B nutrient solutions every 3~5 days, fertilising interval time regards growth of seedling feelings Condition, if fertilizer supply is sufficient, plant strain growth is good, 150~200kg/ mus were sprayed every 5 days;
(9) transplantation of seedlings is gone out:The first tenday period of a month in May proceed by seedling replanting, and choosing has more than 4 leaves, well developed root system is healthy and strong, color is white, root More than stem diameter 0.4cm healthy seedling sprays a B nutrient solution 150 in 1~2 day before fine day or cloudy balled transplanting, seedling taking ~200kg/ mus.
The granular size of above-mentioned river sand is 0.5~20 mesh.
The compound method of matrix described in above-mentioned steps (2):New soil of opening up wasteland is 1 with river sand ratio:2~4 or all rivers Sand can.
The formula of nutrient solution is as follows described in above-mentioned steps (6), (8) and (9):
A nutrient solution prescriptions:50mg/L urea, 30mg/L KH2PO4、3mg/L KI、20mg/L H3BO3、60mg/L MnSO4·4H2O、50mg/L ZnSO4·7H2O、1mg/L NaMo4·2H2O、0.4mg/L CuSO4·5H2O、0.2mg/L CoCl2·6H2O、50mg/L FeSO4·7H2O、0.4mg/L GA3
B nutrient solution prescriptions:80mg/L urea, 90mg/L KNO3、40mg/L MgSO4·7H2O、40mg/L KH2PO4、 30mg/L H3BO3、40mg/L MnSO4·4H2O、50mg/L ZnSO4·7H2O、0.2mg/L CuSO4·5H2O、0.2mg/L CoCl2·6H2O、60mg/L FeSO4·7H2O、0.2mg/L GA3
Technique effect
1st, specification has been carried out to the requirement of day garlic nursery selection of land, by present invention provide that progress selection of land, land used and soil treatment, children Seedling susceptible gene is extremely low, seedling replanting survival rate more than 95%.
2nd, seedling is healthy and strong, and leaf bottle green, root system is more, thick, color is white, and rhizome is sturdy, more than diameter 0.4cm, and growth is vigorous, educates Seedling density is big, and unit area production seedling amount is big, remarkable benefit.
3rd, the nutrient formulation of 2 kinds of science is applied, rational nutritive proportion is provided for each growth phase of seedling, is ensured Various nutrients required for growth of seedling.
4th, Pesticide use is reduced, and fertilizer utilization efficiency is high, and seedling taking easily, conveniently, is completely cured few, work consuming is few, after balled transplanting Growth is rapid.
5th, by the replacing of medium of seedling bed, the processing of soil can continuous nursery more than 10 years, improve the use of greenhouse Efficiency, reduce production cost.
Embodiment
Below, the present invention will be further detailed with embodiment, but it is not limited to any of these embodiments Individual or similar example.
Embodiment 1:
Select East and West direction newly 1 mu of reclamation of wasteland level land sandy loam, first winter in year ploughs, site preparation, rakes, and builds the high greenhouses of 2m, presses 1.5m opens railway carriage or compartment, and applying composite fertilizer 50kg during flat compartment surface makees base manure, and railway carriage or compartment face is whole thin, sows within 25 days 2 months.Day is eluriated with the new well water that draws Garlic seed, remove flat kind.Soaked before sowing with 100ppm+500 times of gibberellin+1000 times of carbendazim thiophanate methyl solution constant temperature Its garlic seed 10h, solution temperature are maintained at 25~30 DEG C, drained away the water, and admix the river sand of 10 times of amount seeds, and river sand is mixed with seed The 40min that polished in mixer is placed into after closing uniformly.
The mesh river sand of railway carriage or compartment face paving 5cm thickness 10~20, leveling, uniformly sows 4kg, native 2cm is newly matched somebody with somebody in covering, with sprayer with mist Railway carriage or compartment face is drenched, the high Small plastic sheds of 30cm are built in railway carriage or compartment face with bamboo chip.Canopy temperature keep more than 25 DEG C, humidity keep 80% with On.Railway carriage or compartment face wetness conditions are checked per 2h, railway carriage or compartment face moisture is supplemented with mist with sprayer when railway carriage or compartment face is dried, starts to emerge after 5 days, 10 Its emergence reaches more than 60%.
According to railway carriage or compartment face drying regime, moisturizing to the soil that carries out spraying daily drenches, and sprays nutrition with sprayer during by means of moisturizing Liquid, it was a cycle by every 7 days in 60% emergence the latter moon, sprays A nutrient solutions, apply nutrient solution 200kg every time.One month Spray a B nutrient solution within every 5 days afterwards.See that subterranean pest-insect can fill 800 times of 90% trichlorphon of leaching in diameter 1m at harm Liquid, foliar pest can spray 90% trichlorphon, 800 times of liquid.After 3 leaf phases, a 150kg is sprayed within every 5 days with B nutrient solutions, Start mid-April to take seedling replanting, a B nutrient solution 150kg is sprayed within 1 day before seedling taking, healthy seedlings more than 4 leaves is taken, obtains 28.61 ten thousand plants of seedling.The young plant root system that sand bed is educated is very flourishing, and color is pure white, sturdy, and blade is emerald green, and susceptible gene is extremely low, blade face substantially without Scab, death of seedling rate is very low, and it is few to hinder root during seedling taking, transplanting survival rate 98.73%, as a result such as table 1.
Embodiment 2:
Select East and West direction newly 1 mu of reclamation of wasteland level land sandy loam, first winter in year ploughs, site preparation, rakes, and builds the high greenhouses of 2m, presses 1.5m opens railway carriage or compartment, and applying composite fertilizer 50kg during flat compartment surface makees base manure, and railway carriage or compartment face is whole thin, sows within 25 days 2 months.Kind is eluriated with the new well water that draws Son, remove flat kind.100ppm+500 times of gibberellin+1000 times of carbendazim thiophanate methyl solution constant temperature eight days soaking period garlics are used before sowing Seed 11h, solution temperature are maintained at 25~30 DEG C, drained away the water, and admix the plant ash of 10 times of amount seeds, and river sand mixes with seed The 40min that polished in mixer is placed into after uniformly.
Railway carriage or compartment face paving 5cm is thick newly with soil (new soil of opening up wasteland:The river sand that sieves is 1:3), flatten, uniformly sow 5kg, cover river sand 2cm, railway carriage or compartment face is drenched with mist with sprayer, the high Small plastic sheds of 30cm are built in railway carriage or compartment face with bamboo chip.Canopy temperature keep 25 DEG C with On, humidity keeps more than 80%.Railway carriage or compartment face wetness conditions are checked per 2h, railway carriage or compartment face water is supplemented with mist with sprayer when railway carriage or compartment face is dried Point, start to emerge after 5 days, emergence in 7 days reaches more than 60%.
According to railway carriage or compartment face drying regime, moisturizing to the sand bed that carries out spraying daily drenches, in order to avoid sand is broken up, during spraying Droplet is thin, and position is high, can reduce the flow velocity of water, sprinkling is evenly.With sprayer spray nutritious liquor during by means of moisturizing, 60% Emerge in the latter moon, be a cycle by every 7 days, spray A nutrient solutions, every mu applies nutrient solution 200kg every time.It is every after one month Spray within 5 days a B nutrient solutions 170kg.See that subterranean pest-insect can fill 800 times of 90% trichlorphon of leaching in diameter 1m at harm Liquid, foliar pest can spray 90% trichlorphon, 800 times of liquid.After 3 leaf phases, B nutrient solutions 170kg is once sprayed within every 4 days.
Start mid-April to take seedling replanting, a B nutrient solution 170kg is sprayed within 1 day before seedling taking, take more than 4 leaves strong Strong sprout.Obtain 29.34 ten thousand plants of seedling.The young plant root system that sand bed is educated is very flourishing, and color is pure white, sturdy, and blade is emerald green, and susceptible gene is extremely low, leaf The basic disease-free spot in face, death of seedling rate is very low, and it is few to hinder root during seedling taking, and transplanting survival rate is up to 97.86%.As a result such as table 1.
Table 1

Claims (4)

1. a kind of day garlic seed seedling-raising method, specific steps include as follows:
(1) the nursery selection of land requirement of day garlic seed sowing nursery:Nursery be new reclamation of wasteland level land or gentle slope, well-drained rice Field, soil property are sandy loam, and first year is whole well, cultivate deep more than the 15cm of soil;
(2) scaffolding opens railway carriage or compartment:High 1.8~the 2.0m of canopy, determine that canopy is wide and canopy is grown according to physical features, 1~2 mu is a canopy, railway carriage or compartment is wide by 1.2~ 1.5m, in point railway carriage or compartment site preparation, every mu applies composite fertilizer 50kg and makees base manure, uniformly digs into soil, is fully mixed with native, smooth railway carriage or compartment face Afterwards, the thick preparation matrix of 4~8cm is covered;
(3) seed treatment:In late Febuary to early March, a day garlic seed is cleaned with water, removes flat kind, continued red mould with 100ppm + 500 times of element+1000 times of carbendazim thiophanate methyl solution constant temperature soaks 5~11h, and solution temperature is maintained at 25~30 DEG C, drained Moisture, admixes the river sand of 5~10 times of amount seeds, and river sand places into 20~40min of polishing in mixer after being well mixed with seed;
(4) thickness of sowing:Uniformly sowing, every mu of sowing 4~8kg, uniform fold matrix 2cm, with sprayer with mist by railway carriage or compartment face Drench, build the high Small plastic sheds of 30cm, after 3 leaf phases, diurnal temperature removes shed after keeping more than 25 DEG C in greenhouse;
(5) managed before emergence:Railway carriage or compartment face temperature is kept for more than 25 DEG C, according to the weather conditions in local 3~April, buried temperature line liter Temperature;Humidity 80~85% in canopy, every 2~3h are checked once, keep railway carriage or compartment face moistening, and railway carriage or compartment face moisture is supplemented with mist with sprayer, Until emergence more than 70%;
(6) rich water quality management after emerging:After emergence 60%, moisturizing extremely spray through soil earth of spraying is carried out according to railway carriage or compartment face drying regime, It was a cycle by every 7 days in 60% emergence the latter moon with sprayer spray nutritious liquor during by means of moisturizing, spray A nutrient solutions, one Spray a B nutrient solution within every 5 days after individual month, apply nutrient solution 200~250kg/ mus every time;
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:Pest damage can fill leaching 90% trichlorphon, 800 times of liquid under insight in diameter 1m at harm, Foliar pest can spray 90% trichlorphon, 800 times of liquid;
(8) middle and later periods management after emerging:Plant is grown to 3 leaves, and seedling stage enters middle term management, enters later stage rich water after 4 leaves Management, 150~200kg/ mus being sprayed with B nutrient solutions every 3~5 days, fertilising interval time regards growth of seedling situation, if Fertilizer supply is sufficient, plant strain growth is good, and 150~200kg/ mus were sprayed every 5 days;
(9) transplantation of seedlings is gone out:The first tenday period of a month in May proceed by seedling replanting, and choosing has more than 4 leaves, well developed root system is healthy and strong, color is white, rhizome is straight More than footpath 0.4cm healthy seedling spray within 1~2 day before fine day or cloudy balled transplanting, seedling taking a B nutrient solution 150~ 200kg/ mus.
2. method according to claim 1, the granular size of the river sand is 0.5~20 mesh.
The compound method of method according to claim 1, wherein step 3. (2) described matrix:The new reclamation of wasteland is native to be with river sand ratio 1:2~4 or all river sands can.
The formula of method according to claim 1, wherein step 4. (6), (8) and (9) described nutrient solution is as follows:
A nutrient solution prescriptions:50mg/L urea, 30mg/L KH2PO4、3mg/L KI、20mg/L H3BO3、60mg/L MnSO4· 4H2O、50mg/L ZnSO4·7H2O、1mg/L NaMo4·2H2O、0.4mg/L CuSO4·5H2O、0.2mg/L CoCl2· 6H2O、50mg/L FeSO4·7H2O、0.4mg/L GA3
B nutrient solution prescriptions:80mg/L urea, 90mg/L KNO3、40mg/L MgSO4·7H2O、40mg/L KH2PO4、30mg/ L H3BO3、40mg/L MnSO4·4H2O、50mg/L ZnSO4·7H2O、0.2mg/L CuSO4·5H2O、0.2mg/L CoCl2·6H2O、60mg/L FeSO4·7H2O、0.2mg/L GA3
CN201710722483.XA 2017-08-22 2017-08-22 A kind of day garlic method for culturing seedlings Pending CN107409918A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101663949A (en) * 2009-10-29 2010-03-10 彭国平 Method for direct sowing and seedling of yellow ginger seeds and nutrient solution thereof
CN102487686A (en) * 2011-12-01 2012-06-13 湖南省茶叶研究所(湖南省茶叶检测中心) Large-scale seedling-culturing method utilizing cassia sophera seeds and nutrient solution thereof
CN102792848A (en) * 2012-09-10 2012-11-28 湖南省茶叶研究所(湖南省茶叶检测中心) Method for efficiently producing leaves of tea fertilizer No.1
CN104686147A (en) * 2015-02-16 2015-06-10 唐忠海 Large-scale mappia pittosporoides seedling and cultivation method
CN104938312A (en) * 2015-06-04 2015-09-30 王伟南 Aeroponics method for kaffir lily

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101663949A (en) * 2009-10-29 2010-03-10 彭国平 Method for direct sowing and seedling of yellow ginger seeds and nutrient solution thereof
CN102487686A (en) * 2011-12-01 2012-06-13 湖南省茶叶研究所(湖南省茶叶检测中心) Large-scale seedling-culturing method utilizing cassia sophera seeds and nutrient solution thereof
CN102792848A (en) * 2012-09-10 2012-11-28 湖南省茶叶研究所(湖南省茶叶检测中心) Method for efficiently producing leaves of tea fertilizer No.1
CN104686147A (en) * 2015-02-16 2015-06-10 唐忠海 Large-scale mappia pittosporoides seedling and cultivation method
CN104938312A (en) * 2015-06-04 2015-09-30 王伟南 Aeroponics method for kaffir lily

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