CN107387140A - A kind of multi-cylinder anchor rod hydraulic tensioning equipment and anchor pole method for stretching - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-cylinder bolt hydraulic tensioning device and a bolt tensioning method. The device includes a hydraulic oil pump system, a tensioning platform, a connector and a nut fastening device; the tensioning platform includes a bearing disc and a plurality of hydraulic pressure Jack, one end of the hydraulic jack is installed on the bearing disc, and the hydraulic jack is connected to the hydraulic oil pump system; the connector includes a connecting sleeve and a connecting rod; the connecting sleeve is installed on one end of the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod passes through the bearing disc and the connecting rod. Anchor rod connection; the nut fastening device includes an auxiliary fastening rotating shaft, a driving gear and a driven gear; the auxiliary fastening rotating shaft is installed in the rotating shaft hole on the bearing disc, and the driving gear is connected with the front end of the auxiliary fastening rotating shaft A baffle is provided at the rear end of the driving gear on the auxiliary fastening rotating shaft; a hexagonal groove is provided on the driven gear, the driven gear is set on the fastening nut of the anchor rod, and the driven gear meshes with the driving gear. The invention has simple structure, convenient operation and can realize the function of adjusting the angle of tensioning direction.

Description

A multi-cylinder bolt hydraulic tensioning device and bolt tensioning method

technical field

The invention relates to a high-prestress hydraulic tensioning device for anchor rods and a method for tensioning anchor rods, in particular to a multi-cylinder hydraulic tensioning device for anchor rods and a method for tensioning anchor rods.

Background technique

With the gradual development of resource development and underground engineering construction from shallow to deep, the geomechanical environment of deep underground engineering such as roadways (tunnels) and chambers has become more and more complex, and the deformation of surrounding rocks is generally large, even Under such difficult conditions, the high prestress hydraulic tensioning technology of bolts provides an effective way for the stability control of surrounding rock in deep underground engineering, and It has been widely used in China. The main mechanism of the high-prestressed tensioning technology of anchor bolts to control the large deformation of surrounding rocks in deep engineering is to apply a higher pre-tightening force to high-strength anchors, thereby promoting the surrounding rocks to be in a compressed state, improving the stress distribution of the surrounding rocks, and maximizing Protect the integrity of the surrounding rock in the anchorage area to the maximum extent, improve the overall strength and stability of the surrounding rock, and restrain the discontinuous deformation and damage of the surrounding rock in the anchorage area such as deflection, layer separation, and sliding. The defect of the existing bolt hydraulic tensioning device is that the tensioning cylinder can only stretch the bolt perpendicular to the rock wall of the roadway. When the axial direction of the bolt is not perpendicular to the rock wall (wall) of the roadway, the tension force will Inconsistency with the anchor rod axis not only affects the tensioning effect of the anchor rod, but also may damage the anchor rod body. Moreover, the existing bolt hydraulic tensioning device has only one hydraulic cylinder body, which is difficult to play a tensioning effect for large-tonnage bolt support. In addition, after the anchor rod is stretched, the anchor nut is inconvenient to be tightened, and there is no convenient and efficient fastening method. In order to ensure the fastening of the nut and the stability of the whole device, there is an urgent need for a nut fastening method and device with convenient operation and high efficiency.

Chinese patent ZL200420112695.4 discloses a large-tonnage multi-cylinder anchor cable tensioning machine, which can provide a large tension force to prestress the anchor cable. However, it cannot be directly used for tensioning the anchor rod. This is because the anchor cable is a flexible anchoring device that can be bent, and the tension of the anchor cable does not need to be parallel to the axis of the anchor cable when stretching, while the anchor rod is rigid, when the tension direction is parallel to the axis of the anchor cable When the axes of the anchor bolts do not coincide, it will not only affect the tensioning effect of the anchor bolt, but also may damage the anchor rod body in severe cases. However, the Chinese patent does not solve the problem of how to make the tensioning direction of the tensioning machine consistent with the axis of the anchor rod, nor does it provide a technical solution to solve the problem of inconvenient tightening of the anchor nut during tensioning.

Chinese patent ZL 201620558210.7 discloses a hydraulic support device for a bolt pullout test. The upper pressure plate is supported by multiple hydraulic support devices, and the bottom of the hydraulic support rod of the hydraulic support device is hinged to the lower pressure plate through a ball joint structure. The technical problem solved by this device is to ensure that the axis of the anchor rod and the jack are on the same axis during the bolt pulling process. However, the support device is not suitable for the working condition that the anchor rod is not perpendicular to the rock wall during use. , it is only suitable for the working condition that the anchor rod is not vertical due to the unevenness of the pouring surface. When the rock wall is inclined, since the bottom of the hydraulic support rod is hinged on the lower bearing plate through a ball joint structure, while the upper bearing plate is perpendicular to the anchor rod, there will be a certain difference between the axis of the hydraulic support device and the pulling force. During the drawing process, the upper bearing plate will be in an unbalanced state, which will generate shear force on the anchor rod and damage the anchor rod. Moreover, this technical solution is only a supporting device, and a jack is still used for drawing.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a multi-cylinder bolt hydraulic tensioning device and a bolt tensioning method with simple structure, convenient operation and the function of adjusting the tensioning direction and angle.

The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a multi-cylinder bolt hydraulic tensioning device, including a hydraulic oil pump system, a tensioning platform, a connector and a nut fastening device; the tensioning platform includes a bearing disc and a multi-cylinder a hydraulic jack, one end of the hydraulic jack is installed on an end face of the bearing disc, and the hydraulic jack is connected with the hydraulic oil pump system; the connector includes a connecting sleeve and a connecting rod; the connecting sleeve is installed on one end of the connecting rod, The other end of the connecting rod is connected to the exposed end of the anchor rod through the connecting rod hole at the center of the bearing disc; the nut fastening device includes an auxiliary fastening rotating shaft, a driving gear and a driven gear; the auxiliary fastening rotating shaft is installed In the rotating shaft hole on the bearing disc, the driving gear is connected to the front end of the auxiliary fastening rotating shaft, and a baffle is provided at the rear end of the driving gear on the auxiliary fastening rotating shaft; the driven gear is set on the fastening nut of the anchor rod On, the driven gear is provided with a hexagonal groove, and the driven gear meshes with the driving gear.

In the above-mentioned multi-cylinder bolt hydraulic tensioning device, the hydraulic oil pump system includes an oil pump, a main oil pipe, an oil pressure gauge, a high and low pressure switch and a pressure regulating device; the oil outlet of the oil pump is connected to one end of the main oil pipe, The other end of the main oil pipe is respectively connected with multiple oil cylinders through branch oil pipes; the main oil pipe is provided with an oil pressure gauge and a high and low pressure switch, and the high and low pressure switch is connected with the pressure regulating device.

In the above-mentioned multi-cylinder bolt hydraulic tensioning device, the tensioning platform also includes a fixed ring, the fixed ring is arranged parallel to the bearing disc, and a plurality of jack fixing holes are arranged on the fixed ring, and the center of the fixed ring A connecting rod hole is provided at the center, and a rotating shaft hole is provided on the fixed ring corresponding to the rotating shaft hole on the bearing disc; the plurality of hydraulic jacks are respectively installed in the plurality of jack fixing holes.

In the above-mentioned multi-cylinder bolt hydraulic tensioning device, the models of the multiple hydraulic jacks of the tensioning platform are the same.

In the above-mentioned multi-cylinder bolt hydraulic tensioning device, the end surface of the driving gear of the nut fastening device facing the auxiliary fastening rotation shaft is provided with a polygonal groove, and the end of the auxiliary fastening rotation shaft connected to the driving gear is provided with a polygonal groove. Fitted prisms.

A bolt tensioning method utilizing the above-mentioned multi-cylinder bolt hydraulic tensioning device comprises the following steps:

1) Drill the anchor hole at the preset point by using the anchor drilling rig;

2) Insert the resin anchoring agent into the hole of the anchor rod, use the head of the anchor rod to withstand the tail of the resin anchoring agent, push the anchor rod to make the resin anchoring agent sink to the bottom of the hole, connect the anchor drilling machine to the end of the anchor rod, and rotate the anchor rod Stir the anchoring agent, wait for the anchoring agent to solidify, and unload the bolter;

3) Put the anchor tray on the exposed end of the anchor, screw the fastening nut into the thread rolling section at the end of the anchor, and then use a bolt drill or a wrench to further tighten the nut to make it contact with the tray and generate pre-tightening force ;

4) Put the driven gear of the nut fastening device on the fastening nut at the end of the anchor rod, then connect one end of the connecting rod with the exposed end of the anchor rod, and then direct the hydraulic jack of the tensioning platform towards the surrounding rock, so that the load The through hole at the center of the disc is sleeved on the connecting rod, and the connecting sleeve is installed at the end of the connecting rod;

5) Turn on the oil pump of the multi-cylinder bolt hydraulic tensioning device, supply low-pressure oil to multiple hydraulic jacks, make the piston rods of each hydraulic jack extend slowly and make close contact with the rock wall of the roadway, and stop the oil pump supply;

6) Turn on the oil pump again to supply high-pressure oil to the hydraulic jack to the system, so that the piston rod of the hydraulic jack extends out of the cylinder. Tensile prestress is generated, and the anchor rod gradually moves out of the hole, and a certain gap is formed between the fastening nut and the anchor rod tray; when the predetermined prestress is loaded, the oil pump is stopped to supply oil;

7) Push the driving gear to drive the driven gear to move, so that the hexagonal groove of the driven gear is sleeved on the fastening nut, and use a bolt drill or a wrench to twist the auxiliary fastening rotating shaft to drive the driving gear to rotate. Thus, the driven gear is driven to rotate, and the driven gear drives the fastening nut to rotate until the fastening nut of the anchor rod is fixed;

8) Remove the multi-cylinder bolt hydraulic tensioning device.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1) A plurality of hydraulic jacks are provided on one end surface of the load-bearing disc of the present invention, through which multiple hydraulic jacks simultaneously provide tension force to apply prestress to the anchor rod, no additional jacks are needed to tension the anchor rod, saving Cost; multiple hydraulic jacks of the present invention can not only ensure the prestressed size of the anchor rod, but also adjust the expansion and contraction of each hydraulic jack at the beginning, so that the bearing disc is perpendicular to the anchor rod, so that the tension direction provided by the hydraulic jack in the same direction as the axis of the bolt,

The problem that the tension direction of the anchor rod is inconsistent with the axial direction of the anchor rod under complex working conditions is avoided.

2) The present invention is also equipped with a nut fastening device. After the anchor rod is drawn, the auxiliary fastening rotating shaft is directly rotated to realize the rotation of the driving gear, and the driving gear drives the driven gear to rotate, thereby driving the nut to rotate to realize the fastening on the anchor rod. The nut is fastened, which solves the problem that the fastening nut on the anchor rod is difficult to tighten during the anchor rod drawing process, and the operation is convenient and the efficiency is high.

3) The present invention is simple in structure, easy to operate, and has strong practicability in controlling the tension direction of the anchor rod and tightening the nut.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when the bolt is vertical to the surrounding rock.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when the bolt is not perpendicular to the surrounding rock.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic oil pump system of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a side view of the fixing ring of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the nut tightening device of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the nut fastening device of the present invention.

In the picture:

1. Hydraulic oil pump system 1a, oil pump 1b, main oil pipe

1c, oil pressure gauge 1d, high and low pressure switch 1e, pressure regulating device

2. Tensioning platform 2a, carrying disc 2b, fixing ring

2b1, jack fixing hole 2b2, connecting rod hole 2b3, rotating shaft hole

2c, hydraulic jack 2c1, cylinder 2c2, piston

2c3, piston rod 2c4, branch oil pipe

3. Connector 3a, connecting sleeve 3b, pin

3c. Connecting rod

4. Nut fastening device 4a, auxiliary fastening rotating shaft 4b, driving gear

4c, driven gear 4d, baffle plate

5. Fastening nut 6. Tray 7. Anchor rod

8. Anchor hole 9. Anchoring agent.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the multi-cylinder bolt hydraulic tensioning device of the present invention includes a hydraulic oil pump system 1, a tensioning platform 2, a connector 3 and a nut fastening device 4, and the connector 3 includes a connecting sleeve 3a, the pin 3b and the connecting rod 3c, the connecting sleeve 3a is installed on one end of the connecting rod 3c through the pin 3b. The exposed end of the connecting sleeve 3a is hexagonal, suitable for screwing by a rock bolter and a wrench.

The tensioning platform 2 includes a bearing disc 2a, a fixed ring 2b and four hydraulic jacks 2c. The fixing ring 2b is arranged parallel to the carrying disk 2a, and the center of the carrying disk 2a is provided with a connecting rod hole through which the connecting rod 3c passes. The fixed ring 2b is provided with four jack fixing holes 2b1, the middle part of the fixed ring 2b is provided with a connecting rod 3c passing through the connecting rod hole 2b2, and the four hydraulic jacks 2c are installed on the four sides of the fixed ring 2b respectively. In a jack fixing hole 2b1, one end of the hydraulic jack 2c is connected to an end face of the bearing disc 2a. The four hydraulic jacks 2c are used to support the carrying disk 2a, and provide tension to the connecting rod 3c and the anchor rod 7 at the same time. The other end of the connecting rod 3c passes through the connecting rod hole at the center of the bearing disc 2a and the fixing ring 2b, and is connected with the anchor rod 7 by threads.

The fixing ring 2b is used to fix the position of the hydraulic jack 2c, and also limits the position of the connecting rod 3c and the auxiliary fastening rotating shaft 4a. The hydraulic jack 2c includes a cylinder 2c1, a piston 2c2, a piston rod 2c3 and an oil pipe 2c4, the piston 2c2 is fixedly connected to the piston rod 2c3, and the oil pipe 2c4 is fixedly connected to the cylinder 2c1. The four hydraulic jacks 2c are of the same model and receive hydraulic oil equally to ensure the same pressure provided.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the hydraulic oil pump system 1 includes an oil pump 1a, a main oil pipe 1b, an oil pressure gauge 1c, a high and low pressure switch 1d and a pressure regulating device 1e. The oil pump 1a is respectively connected with the branch oil pipes 2c4 of the four hydraulic jacks 2c through the main oil pipe 1b, and the oil pump 1a can realize forward and reverse oil supply to realize tensioning and oil return functions. The oil pressure gauge 1c is installed on the main oil pipe 1b, and the pressure of the hydraulic oil pump system 1 can be observed. The high and low pressure switching switch 1d is installed on the main oil pipe 1b. When it is opened, it is low pressure, and when it is closed, it is high pressure. It can realize the switching between high and low pressure, and provides convenience for the hydraulic jack 2c to adjust the state and tension. The voltage regulating device 1e is connected with the high and low voltage switching switch 1d to support the function of the high and low voltage switching switch 1d.

The hydraulic oil pump system 1 provides power for the hydraulic jack 2c to support the tensioning platform 2, the tensioning platform 2 provides support for the tensioning of the anchor rod 7 and implements tensioning, and the connector 3 connects the rod body of the anchor rod 7 and the tensioning platform 2.

As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the nut fastening device 4 includes an auxiliary fastening rotating shaft 4a, a driving gear 4b, a driven gear 4c and a baffle 4d. The front end of the auxiliary fastening rotating shaft 4a is a hexagonal prism, and the driving gear 4b is provided with a hexagonal through hole (or hexagonal groove) matched with the hexagonal prism, and the front end of the auxiliary fastening rotating shaft 4a passes through the bearing disc The rotating shaft hole 2a and the rotating shaft hole 2b3 on the fixed ring 2b are connected with the driving gear 4b. The driven gear 4c meshes with the driving gear 4b, and the driven gear 4c is set on the exposed end of the anchor rod. Fasten it on the fastening nut 5), can be inserted into the fastening nut 5. A baffle plate 4d is provided on the rear end surface of the driving gear 4b, and the baffle plate 4d ensures that the positions of the two gears are parallel and the forward speeds are consistent.

A bolt tensioning method using the multi-cylinder bolt hydraulic tensioning device of the present invention, the specific steps are as follows:

(1) Drill the bolt hole 8 at the preset point of the bolt with a bolt drill to ensure that the hole has a sufficient length and then clean the hole.

(2) Insert the resin anchoring agent 9 into the anchor hole 8, use the head of the anchor rod 7 to withstand the tail of the resin anchoring agent 9, push the anchor rod 7 to make the resin anchoring agent 9 sink into the bottom of the hole, and connect the anchor drill and the anchor rod 7. The tail is connected, and the anchor rod 7 is rotated to stir the anchoring agent 9. After the anchoring agent 9 is solidified, the anchor drilling rig is unloaded.

(3) Put the anchor tray 6 on the exposed end of the anchor rod 7, screw the fastening nut 5 into the thread rolling section at the end of the anchor rod 7, and then further tighten the nut 5 with a bolt drill or wrench to make it compatible with the tray 6 contact and produce a certain pre-tightening force.

(4) Set the driven gear 4c of the nut fastening device 4 on the fastening nut 5 at the end of the anchor rod, and then connect one end of the connecting rod 3c with the exposed end of the anchor rod, and then put the hydraulic jack of the tensioning platform 2 2c faces the surrounding rock, so that the through hole at the center of the bearing disc 2a is sleeved on the connecting rod 3c, the connecting sleeve 3a is put on the end of the connecting rod 3c and the pin 3b is tightened;

(5) Connect the hydraulic oil pump system 1 and connect the branch oil pipes 2c4 of each hydraulic jack 2c. Switch the high and low pressure switch 1d to the "low pressure" position, start the oil pump 1a to supply oil to the hydraulic jacks 2c, make the piston rods 2c3 of each hydraulic jack 2c stretch out slowly and make close contact with the rock wall of the roadway, and stop the oil pump 1a to supply oil.

(6) Switch the switch 1d to "high pressure", and start the oil pump 1a again to supply oil to the system, so that the piston rod 2c3 of the hydraulic jack 2c protrudes out of the cylinder 2c1, and under the support of the jack 2c, the bearing disc will 2a generates thrust, and then generates tension prestress in the axial direction of the anchor rod 7 through the connecting rod 3c, the anchor rod 7 gradually moves out of the hole, and a certain gap is formed between the fastening nut 5 and the anchor rod tray 6. During this process, observe the value of the oil pressure gauge 1c at any time, and when the predetermined prestress is loaded, stop the oil pump 1a to supply oil.

(7) Use a bolter or a wrench to turn the auxiliary fastening rotating shaft 4a to drive the driving gear 4b to rotate, thereby driving the driven gear 4c to rotate, and finally driving the nut 5 to rotate until the anchor fastening nut 5 is screwed on.

(8) Remove the multi-cylinder bolt hydraulic tensioning device. First remove the anchor nut fastening device 4. Then, start the oil pump 1a, change the oil inlet of the oil pump to return oil, and the piston rod 2c3 of the hydraulic jack 2c is recovered thereupon. After the piston rod 2c3 is recovered to a certain position, the connecting sleeve 3a is unloaded, the parts of the tensioning platform 2 are taken off, and the connecting rod 3c and the gear 2 4c are unloaded. Finally, disassemble the hydraulic oil pump system 1.

Claims (6)

1. A kind of 1. multi-cylinder anchor rod hydraulic tensioning equipment, it is characterised in that：Including hydraulic oil pump system, tensioning platform, connector and Nut clamping device；The tensioning platform includes carrying disk and multiple hydraulic jacks, one end of hydraulic jack are arranged on On the end face for carrying disk, hydraulic jack is connected with hydraulic oil pump system；Described connector includes adapter sleeve and connection Bar；Described adapter sleeve is arranged on one end of connecting rod, and the other end of connecting rod passes through the connecting rod bores at carrying disc centre It is connected with anchor pole exposed junction；Described nut clamping device includes auxiliary fastening rotary shaft, driving gear and driven gear；Auxiliary Fasten in the rotational axis hole that rotary shaft is arranged on carrying disk, driving gear is connected with the front end of auxiliary fastening rotary shaft, auxiliary Driving gear rear end in fastening rotary shaft is helped to be provided with baffle plate；Driven gear is provided with hexagonal indentations, and driven gear is sleeved on On the clamp nut of anchor pole, driven gear engages with driving gear.
2. 2. multi-cylinder anchor rod hydraulic tensioning equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The hydraulic oil pump system includes Oil pump, main oil pipe, oil pressure gauge, height toggle switch and regulator；The oil-out of described oil pump connects with main oil pipe one end Connect, the other end of main oil pipe is connected with multiple oil cylinders respectively by branch oil pipe；Described main oil pipe is provided with oil pressure gauge and height Toggle switch, height toggle switch are connected with regulator.
3. 3. multi-cylinder anchor rod hydraulic tensioning equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described tensioning platform also includes Retainer ring, described retainer ring are set parallel to carrying disk, and retainer ring is provided with multiple jack fixing holes, in retainer ring Connecting rod bores is provided with the heart, the rotational axis hole corresponded in retainer ring on carrying disk is provided with a rotational axis hole；Described is more Individual hydraulic jack is separately mounted in multiple jack fixing holes.
4. 4. multi-cylinder anchor rod hydraulic tensioning equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Multiple hydraulic pressure thousand of tensioning platform The model on jin top is identical.
5. 5. multi-cylinder anchor rod hydraulic tensioning equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Nut clamping device driving gear Polygonal grooves are provided with towards the end face of auxiliary fastening rotary shaft, one end that auxiliary fastening rotary shaft is connected with driving gear is set There is the prism coordinated with polygonal grooves.
6. A kind of 6. anchor pole tensioning side of the multi-cylinder anchor rod hydraulic tensioning equipment in 1-5 using claim described in any claim Method, comprise the following steps：

   1）Bolthole is drilled out in preset position using jumbolter；

   2）Resin anchoring agent is filled in into anchor pole aperture, resin anchoring agent afterbody is withstood with rock bolt head, promotes anchor pole to make resin anchor Gu bottom hole is sunk in agent, jumbolter is connected with anchor pole afterbody, rotation anchor pole is to stir Anchor Agent, after waiting Anchor Agent solidification, Unload jumbolter；

   3）The anchor rod pallet board on anchor pole exposed junction set, then the rolled thread section of clamp nut precession anchor pole afterbody is bored using anchor pole The utensil such as machine or spanner further tightens nut, is allowed to that pretightning force is contacted and produced with pallet；

   4）Driven gear in nut clamping device is enclosed on the clamp nut of anchor pole afterbody, then by one end of connecting rod and anchor pole Exposed junction connection, then by the hydraulic jack of tensioning platform towards country rock so that the through hole at carrying disc centre is enclosed on In connecting rod, upper joint sleeve is installed in the end of connecting rod；

   5）The oil pump of multi-cylinder anchor rod hydraulic tensioning equipment is opened, to multiple hydraulic jack low pressure oil supplies, makes each hydraulic jack Piston rod slowly stretch out and with tunnel palisades be in close contact, stop oil pump feed；

   6）It is again turned on oil pump and gives hydraulic jack high-pressure oil feed to system, makes the piston rod of hydraulic jack overhanging toward cylinder barrel Go out, under the supporting role of jack, thrust is produced to support disk, then tensioning is axially produced in anchor pole by connecting rod and in advance should Power, anchor pole gradually move to outside hole, and to form certain gap between clamp nut and anchor rod pallet board；It is pre- when being loaded into During fixed prestressing force, stop oil pump feed；

   7）Driving gear is promoted, is allowed to drive driven gear to move so that the hexagonal indentations of driven gear are enclosed on clamp nut On, auxiliary fastening rotary shaft, driving driving gear rotation, so as to drive driven gear to revolve are turned using jumbolter or spanner Turn, driven gear drives clamp nut to rotate, until anchor pole clamp nut is first-class；

   8）Unload multi-cylinder anchor rod hydraulic tensioning equipment.