CN107381604B - A method of recycling lithium carbonate from ferric phosphate lithium cell - Google Patents

A method of recycling lithium carbonate from ferric phosphate lithium cell Download PDF

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CN107381604B
CN107381604B CN201710567129.4A CN201710567129A CN107381604B CN 107381604 B CN107381604 B CN 107381604B CN 201710567129 A CN201710567129 A CN 201710567129A CN 107381604 B CN107381604 B CN 107381604B
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ferric phosphate
lithium
lithium carbonate
carbonate
lithium cell
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CN107381604A (en
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谢星葵
张复伟
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Fujian Huaxingda New Material Co.,Ltd.
Shenzhen Jiabin Technology Co ltd
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Shenzhen Jia Bin Technology Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01DCOMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D15/00Lithium compounds
    • C01D15/08Carbonates; Bicarbonates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/72Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/03Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/61Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/80Compositional purity

Abstract

The method that the invention discloses a kind of to recycle lithium carbonate from ferric phosphate lithium cell, including S0: the electric discharge of ferric phosphate lithium cell, dismantling, sorting, take iron phosphate powder, S1: high-temperature calcination, S2: oxidation acid leaching reaction, pH value is 0~1.5, S3: filtering, take filtrate one, S4: add alkali, adjusting pH value is 2~4, filtering, take filtrate, S5: continuing plus alkali, adjusting pH value is 8~11, filtering, take filtrate, S6: evaporative crystallization, it is sintered at 250~550 DEG C, take remaining block powder, S7: it is dissolved in water, filtering, take filtrate, S8: sodium carbonate liquor is added dropwise, obtain lithium carbonate.Present invention process process is simple, low in cost, is easy to batch and recycles ferric phosphate lithium cell, lithium carbonate yield is high, with high purity.

Description

A method of recycling lithium carbonate from ferric phosphate lithium cell
Technical field
The invention belongs to waste lithium cell resource reclaim fields, more particularly to one kind, and carbonic acid is recycled from ferric phosphate lithium cell The method of lithium.
Background technique
For new-energy automobile under the promotion energetically of national policy and each place enterprise, development is swift and violent in recent years.New energy vapour The fast development of vehicle also brings the surge of lithium battery.Root is it was predicted that the demand of the year two thousand twenty dynamic lithium battery is up to 125gwh, about 500,000 tons of learies;By 2023, about 1,160,000 tons of learies.On this basis, waste power lithium battery is returned Receiving the market scale that the metals such as nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium, aluminium, copper are created can start to break out in 2018, reach 5,200,000,000 yuan, wherein nickel 1400000000 yuan, 8.7 hundred million yuan of cobalt, 2,600,000,000 yuan of lithium.
In the market for the recycling of lithium in power battery also than relatively limited.The relative atomic mass of one side lithium only has 7, electricity How the weight very little (lithium only accounts for about 2% in such as ternary battery) of lithium, in high volume recycle on the basis of economy is feasible in pond Lithium, it is also necessary to do and break through in technical matters;Another aspect industry is relatively high for the purity requirement of lithium carbonate, LITHIUM BATTERY carbonic acid Lithium purity requirement 99.5%, industrial level lithium carbonate purity requirement 99%, this proposes very high request for the removal of impurities and purification of lithium.
Chinese patent CN103035977A provide it is a kind of in positive electrode utilize resin adsorption removal of impurities method, mention Sodium carbonate is added after pure to precipitate recycling lithium carbonate.However, the lithium that the method for resin adsorption is extracted also needs to be concentrated, and acid Degree is high, and a large amount of sodium carbonate will be also added in when later period sinker, and the recovery method cost is excessively high, and it is expensive not account for nickel, cobalt etc. The recycling of heavy metal.
Chinese patent CN105098279A extracts extraction raffinate containing lithium for what is generated during battery recycling, using P507, Method that P204 extractant extracts repeatedly extracts lithium resource.Repeatedly on the one hand extraction is complex process, uses extractant cost The concentration of height, another aspect lithium solution is too low, needs the moisture of concentration and evaporation too many, and place and energy consumption are all very big costs, So industrial applications higher cost.
102903985 A of Chinese patent CN is directed to waste lithium iron phosphate waste material, by waste material by adjusting after sulfuric acid leaching PH value takes out the impurity such as iron, phosphorus respectively, and sodium carbonate is added and adjusts pH value and precipitates lithium carbonate.This method is useless only for LiFePO4 Material, rather than entire ferric phosphate lithium cell use the concentrated sulfuric acid in leaching process, not only at high cost in industrial production, also using height Danger chemicals, there are security risk, the substances such as calcium chloride and alkali for being added in entire technique are not also recycled well.
Summary of the invention
Present invention seek to address that technological deficiency existing in the prior art, provides and returns in the new slave ferric phosphate lithium cell of one kind The method for receiving lithium carbonate, this method process flow is simple, experiment parameter is controllable, low in cost, can sufficiently recycle in lithium battery Resource, obtained lithium carbonate purity is high, yield are high.
In order to achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical solutions:
A method of it recycling lithium carbonate from ferric phosphate lithium cell, includes the following steps: step 1, will be returned from battery The iron phosphate powder of receipts is put into vacuum tube furnace, is passed through inert gas, 5~10h of high-temperature calcination at 400~600 DEG C;Step Two, inorganic acid and hydrogenperoxide steam generator are added in LiFePO4 after firing, is stirred to react 1~5h, the phosphorus after being reacted Sour iron lithium mixed solution, the pH value of LiFePO4 mixed solution are between 0~1.5;Step 3, filtering LiFePO4 mixing are molten Liquid obtains filtrate one;Inorganic base is added in step 4 in filtrate one, and adjusting pH value is 2~4, and precipitating is generated in solution, and filtering obtains Filtrate two;Step 5 continuously adds inorganic base in filtrate two, and adjusting pH value is 8~11, and precipitating is generated in solution, and filtering obtains Filtrate three;Step 6 is evaporated filtrate three, obtains crystal, crystal is transferred in tube furnace and is sintered, sintering temperature be 250~ 550 DEG C, sintering time is 3~8h;Step 7, is added a small amount of water dissolution after sintering in remaining block powder, filtering takes filter Liquid obtains the rich lithium solution of high concentration;Step 8 is added dropwise unsaturated carbonate salting liquid in rich lithium solution dropwise, is added dropwise while stirring, It sufficiently is filtered, washed precipitating, drying after reaction, high-purity lithium carbonate is made.
It further include previous step before step 1, i.e., by ferric phosphate lithium cell as the improved technical solution of the present invention It discharges into 2.0V and is crushed dismantling in crusher hereinafter, placing into, then by vibrosieve and pneumatic separation unit equipment, realize The separation of iron phosphate powder, aluminium powder and copper powder in battery.
As the improved technical solution of the present invention, inorganic acid is added in the form of dilute acid soln in step 2, dilute acid soln Concentration be 1~5mol/L, hydrogen peroxide is added in the form of hydrogen peroxide, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 10~30%, and diluted acid is molten The mass ratio of liquid and hydrogen peroxide is 0.1~10:1, the gross mass and calcined iron phosphate powder of dilute acid soln and hydrogen peroxide Mass ratio be 1~10:1.
As the improved technical solution of the present invention, the dilute acid soln in step 2 includes dilute hydrochloric acid, dust technology, dilute sulfuric acid.
As the improved technical solution of the present invention, the inorganic base in step 4 and step 5 includes sodium hydroxide, hydroxide Potassium, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, potassium oxide, oxidation one of are received or a variety of.
As the improved technical solution of the present invention, being precipitated as generating in step 4 is faint yellow, carries out to the precipitating Ferric phosphate is obtained after filter, washing, drying.
As the improved technical solution of the present invention, there will be volatile materials generation in the sintering process of step 6, condensation is received Collect the volatile materials.
As the improved technical solution of the present invention, in step 7, the mass ratio of blocky powder and water is 1:0.5~10.
As the improved technical solution of the present invention, the mass ratio of saturation carbonate and rich lithium solution is 1:0.1 in step 8 ~10.
As the improved technical solution of the present invention, the rate of addition of carbonate is 5~20mL/min, stirring speed in step 8 Degree is 10~50r/min, is added dropwise while stirring, and duration of the reaction is 1~2h.
Beneficial effect
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1. the recycling to the raw materials such as inorganic base, inorganic salts are added is realized, so that inorganic by being sintered and condensing collection process The raw materials such as alkali, inorganic salts are reusable, reduce cost recovery;
2. sintering process can further remove the impurity in filtrate three, amount containing lithium and purity in remaining block are improved, also The organic electrolyte in lithium battery can be removed.
3. passing through the anti-feeding method of unsaturated carbonate salting liquid, the yield of pure Lithium Carbonate is promoted, realizes lithium carbonate in battery 80% or more recycle.
4. the invention also includes previous steps comprising screening and pneumatic separation are spread in battery dismantling crushing process and vibration Technique directly can realize returning for lithium resource, iron resource, phosphor resource, bauxite resource, copper resource and electrolyte from waste lithium cell It receives.
5. lithium carbonate purity is high produced by the present invention, and be the micron powder of size uniformity.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is process flow chart of the invention;
Fig. 2 is lithium carbonate powder photo made from embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is the XRD object phase map of pure Lithium Carbonate made from embodiment 1;
Fig. 4 is the SEM spectrum of pure Lithium Carbonate made from embodiment 1.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, the present invention will be further described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the invention mainly comprises the following steps:
S0: ferric phosphate lithium cell is discharged into 2.0V hereinafter, placing into and is crushed dismantling in crusher, then by previous step By vibrosieve and pneumatic separation unit equipment, the separation of iron phosphate powder, aluminium powder and copper powder in battery is realized.
S1: will be put into vacuum tube furnace from the iron phosphate powder recycled in battery, be passed through inert gas, and 400~600 5~10h of high-temperature calcination at DEG C.One of common inert gas such as the inert gas argon gas or nitrogen.
S2: being added inorganic acid and hydrogenperoxide steam generator, be stirred to react 1~5h in LiFePO4 after firing, obtains anti- LiFePO4 mixed solution after answering, the pH value of LiFePO4 mixed solution are between 0~1.5.This process primarily to from Leach lithium ion in LiFePO4, while by Fe2+It is oxidized to Fe3+.Wherein, inorganic acid is added in the form of dilute acid soln, diluted acid The concentration of solution is 1~5mol/L, and hydrogen peroxide is added in the form of hydrogen peroxide, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 10~30%, dilute The mass ratio of acid solution and hydrogen peroxide is 0.1~10:1, the gross mass and calcined LiFePO4 of dilute acid soln and hydrogen peroxide The mass ratio of powder is 1~10:1.The dilute acid soln is the aqueous solution of the common strong acid such as dilute hydrochloric acid, dust technology, dilute sulfuric acid.
S3: filtering LiFePO4 mixed solution removes insoluble impurities in LiFePO4, obtains filtrate one.
S4: being added inorganic base in filtrate one, and adjusting pH value is 2~4, and precipitating is generated in solution, and filtering obtains filtrate two. The inorganic base is mainly that sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, potassium oxide, oxidation one of are received Or it is a variety of.It is described to be precipitated as faint yellow, obtain ferric phosphate after washing is dry, thus recycled phosphorus in ferric phosphate lithium cell and Iron.
S5: continuously adding inorganic base in filtrate two, and adjusting pH value is 8~11, and precipitating is generated in solution, and filtering must filter Liquid three.The precipitating generated in this step is mainly iron hydroxide, Kocide SD, manganous hydroxide etc., and iron, copper, manganese on the one hand can be recycled Microelement in equal ferric phosphate lithium cells is stand-by, on the other hand can also further remove the impurity element in filtrate two.
S6: being evaporated filtrate three, obtain crystal, crystal is transferred in tube furnace and is sintered, and sintering temperature is 250~550 DEG C, sintering time is 3~8h.There to be volatile materials generation in sintering process, the volatile materials is collected in condensation, so as to The electrolyte in ferric phosphate lithium cell is recycled, also recyclable inorganic base raw material.
S7: being added a small amount of water dissolution after sintering in remaining block powder, filtering takes filtrate, obtains the rich lithium of high concentration Solution.Wherein, the mass ratio of blocky powder and water is 1:0.5~10.
S8: being added dropwise unsaturated carbonate salting liquid in rich lithium solution dropwise, be added dropwise while stirring, sufficiently filters, washes after reaction Precipitating, drying are washed, high-purity lithium carbonate is made.The rate of addition of carbonate is 5~20mL/min, and mixing speed is 10~50r/ Min is added dropwise while stirring, and duration of the reaction is 1~2h.Wherein, the mass ratio of saturated carbon hydrochlorate and rich lithium solution is 1:0.1 ~10.
Embodiment 1
S0:, which discharging into 2.0V for 100 ferric phosphate lithium cells, is crushed dismantling hereinafter, being put into crusher, then passes through vibration Screening and pneumatic separation unit equipment realize the separation of LiFePO4 powder and aluminium powder and copper powder in battery.
S1: LiFePO4 powder in S0 is put into vacuum tube furnace, is passed through argon atmosphere, and 500 DEG C of high temperature processing 8 are small When.
S2: by treated in S1 LiFePO4 powder, the concentration that 50mL is added while stirring respectively is the dilute of 3mol/L Hydrochloric acid solution and mass fraction are 30% hydrogenperoxide steam generator, and are stirred to react 2 hours, solution ph reach 0.5~1 it Between.Wherein, the mass ratio of dilute hydrochloric acid solution and hydrogenperoxide steam generator is 1:1.
S3: filtering and take filtrate for gained mixed liquor in S2, leachate needed for obtaining subsequent experimental, and is washed with distillation It washs filter residue one time, leachate is added in washing filtrate together.
S4: being added sodium hydroxide for the filtrate in S3 and adjust between pH to 2.5~3.0, and it is flaxen heavy to generate in solution Form sediment, be filtered, washed, dry after obtain ferric phosphate.
S5: being added sodium hydroxide for the filtrate in S4, adjusts pH to 9, and the precipitating in filtering solution obtains clear solution.
S6: then the clear solution in heating evaporation S5 shifts crystal and is sintered into tube furnace, be sintered until being evaporated 450 DEG C of temperature, sintering time 5 hours, collect the crystalline material of volatilization.
S7: the precipitating in a small amount of water dissolution and filtering solution is added in remaining bulk powder after being sintered in S6, obtains height The clarification richness lithium filtrate of concentration.Wherein, the mass ratio of bulk powder and water is 1:1.
S8: the saturated sodium carbonate solution of the good 35g/L at room temperature of configuration in advance is added drop-wise in rich lithium filtrate, side stirring dropwise Side is added dropwise, mixing speed 30r/min, rate of addition 10ml/min, and reaction continues 1.5 hours, is filtered, washed, is dried to obtain height Purity lithium carbonate, as shown in Figure 2.
Lithium carbonate obtained is characterized, as a result as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and table 1.
Fig. 3 is the XRD object phase map of high-purity lithium carbonate, and as seen from Figure 3, XRD diffraction maximum does not have miscellaneous peak, is shown obtained Lithium carbonate is especially pure.
Fig. 4 is the SEM spectrum of high-purity lithium carbonate, from fig. 4, it can be seen that the lithium carbonate that the present invention recycles preparation is to interlock layer by layer Micron order rhabdolith.
1 lithium carbonate ICP elemental analysis of table
Table 1 is trace element analysis in lithium carbonate.Can be obtained by table 1, the present invention recycle preparation lithium carbonate in, copper, calcium, The magazines content such as magnesium, iron adds up to 0.4%, meets the preparation requirement of battery material.
Obviously, above-described embodiment is just for the sake of clearly demonstrating example, rather than the limitation to embodiment.It is right For those of ordinary skill in the art, can also make on the basis of the above description it is other it is various forms of variation or It changes.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.As long as being made on the basis of the embodiment of the present invention The change scheme of common-sense, among protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of method for recycling lithium carbonate from ferric phosphate lithium cell, includes the following steps:
Step 1 will be put into vacuum tube furnace from the iron phosphate powder recycled in battery, be passed through inert gas, and 400~600 5~10h of high-temperature calcination at DEG C;
Inorganic acid and hydrogenperoxide steam generator are added in LiFePO4 after firing, is stirred to react 1~5h for step 2, obtain anti- LiFePO4 mixed solution after answering, the pH value of LiFePO4 mixed solution are between 0~1.5;
Step 3 filters LiFePO4 mixed solution, obtains filtrate one;
Inorganic base is added in step 4 in filtrate one, and adjusting pH value is 2~4, and precipitating is generated in solution, and filtering obtains filtrate two;
Step 5 continuously adds inorganic base in filtrate two, and adjusting pH value is 8~11, and precipitating is generated in solution, and filtering must filter Liquid three;
Step 6 is evaporated filtrate three, obtains crystal, crystal is transferred in tube furnace and is sintered, and sintering temperature is 250~550 DEG C, sintering time is 3~8h;
Step 7, is added a small amount of water dissolution after sintering in remaining block powder, filtering takes filtrate, obtains the rich lithium of high concentration Solution;
Step 8 is added dropwise unsaturated carbonate salting liquid in rich lithium solution dropwise, is added dropwise while stirring, sufficiently filters, washes after reaction Precipitating, drying are washed, high-purity lithium carbonate is made;
There to be volatile materials generation in the sintering process of step 6, the volatile materials is collected in condensation.
2. the method according to claim 1 for recycling lithium carbonate from ferric phosphate lithium cell, it is characterised in that: before further including Ferric phosphate lithium cell is discharged into 2.0V hereinafter, placing into and is crushed dismantling in crusher, then passes through vibrosieve by sequence step With pneumatic separation unit equipment, the separation of iron phosphate powder, aluminium powder and copper powder in battery is realized.
3. the method according to claim 1 for recycling lithium carbonate from ferric phosphate lithium cell, it is characterised in that: in step 2 Inorganic acid is added in the form of dilute acid soln, and the concentration of dilute acid soln is 1~5mol/L, and hydrogen peroxide is added in the form of hydrogen peroxide Enter, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 10~30%, and the mass ratio of dilute acid soln and hydrogen peroxide is 0.1~10:1, dilute acid soln and double The mass ratio of the gross mass of oxygen water and calcined iron phosphate powder is 1~10:1.
4. the method according to claim 1 for recycling lithium carbonate from ferric phosphate lithium cell, it is characterised in that: in step 2 Dilute acid soln include dilute hydrochloric acid, dust technology, dilute sulfuric acid.
5. it is according to claim 1 from ferric phosphate lithium cell recycle lithium carbonate method, it is characterised in that: step 4 and Inorganic base in step 5 include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, potassium oxide, in sodium oxide molybdena It is one or more.
6. the method according to claim 1 for recycling lithium carbonate from ferric phosphate lithium cell, it is characterised in that: in step 4 Generate be precipitated as it is faint yellow, to it is described precipitating be filtered, wash, dry after obtain ferric phosphate.
7. the method according to claim 1 for recycling lithium carbonate from ferric phosphate lithium cell, it is characterised in that: step 7 In, the mass ratio of blocky powder and water is 1:0.5~10.
8. the method according to claim 1 for recycling lithium carbonate from ferric phosphate lithium cell, it is characterised in that: in step 8 The mass ratio of saturated carbon hydrochlorate and rich lithium solution is 1:0.1~10.
9. the method according to claim 1 for recycling lithium carbonate from ferric phosphate lithium cell, it is characterised in that: in step 8 The rate of addition of carbonate is 5~20mL/min, and mixing speed is 10~50r/min, is added dropwise while stirring, duration of the reaction For 1~2h.
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CN108178170A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-06-19 江西赣锋循环科技有限公司 It is a kind of that the method that lithium prepares battery-level lithium carbonate is recycled from lithium iron phosphate waste
CN108394919A (en) * 2018-02-02 2018-08-14 东北石油大学 Application of the complexing of metal ion agent in waste lithium iron phosphate battery removal process
CN109095481B (en) * 2018-08-06 2020-08-28 株洲冶炼集团股份有限公司 Comprehensive recovery method of waste lithium iron phosphate powder
CN109088120B (en) * 2018-08-17 2020-09-01 湖南金凯循环科技有限公司 Method for preparing battery-grade lithium carbonate by using waste lithium iron phosphate pole pieces
CN109574048B (en) * 2019-01-30 2021-12-10 鲍君杰 Treatment method of waste lithium iron phosphate cathode material
CN111268703A (en) * 2019-10-10 2020-06-12 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 Method for recovering lithium carbonate from waste lithium iron phosphate batteries
CN112410556B (en) * 2020-09-25 2022-10-14 湖北金泉新材料有限公司 Method for recovering waste lithium iron phosphate powder
CN113073194B (en) * 2021-03-03 2022-09-09 安徽南都华铂新材料科技有限公司 Defluorination process for recycling waste lithium batteries
CN113373321B (en) * 2021-06-25 2023-03-31 许昌学院 Method for recycling lithium element from scrapped lithium iron phosphate battery by wet method
CN113937339A (en) * 2021-11-10 2022-01-14 湖南金凯循环科技有限公司 Recovery method of waste lithium iron phosphate battery

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Patentee before: SHENZHEN JIABIN TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.

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PE01 Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right

Denomination of invention: A method for recovering lithium carbonate from lithium iron phosphate battery

Effective date of registration: 20230117

Granted publication date: 20190426

Pledgee: Industrial Bank Limited by Share Ltd. Sanming branch

Pledgor: SHENZHEN JIABIN TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.|Fujian Huaxingda New Material Co.,Ltd.

Registration number: Y2023350000022

CB03 Change of inventor or designer information
CB03 Change of inventor or designer information

Inventor after: Xie Xingkui

Inventor after: Zhang Fuwei

Inventor after: Li Xuhui

Inventor before: Xie Xingkui

Inventor before: Zhang Fuwei