CN107372352A - 一种犊牛早期断奶的饲喂方法 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种犊牛早期断奶的饲喂方法,所述饲喂方法包括以下步骤:小犊牛出生后及时灌服初乳,喂足五天初乳后,开始饲喂常乳、开食料以及温水,开食料的饲喂为自由采食,饲喂12天开始添加杂草进行饲喂,饲喂至2个半月龄开始断奶,断奶后至5个半月龄喂生长料,同时添加杂草进行自由采食。采用本发明所述的饲喂方法,通过分不同生长阶段添加不同饲料,达到生长所需的各类营养物质,保证其营养充足,从而增强犊牛免疫力,提高其成活率,在实现犊牛早期断奶的同时,也达到产犊母牛提前发情配种的目的,不仅降低了养殖肉牛的经济成本,也显著提高优质肉牛繁殖效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于畜牧养殖中肉牛饲养技术领域,具体涉及一种犊牛早期断奶的饲喂方法。
背景技术
近几年,随着养牛养殖业的迅速发展,大规模养殖肉牛越来越规模化、科学化、经济化。各种肉牛饲料也随之迅速发展,现阶段市场的各种牛饲料品种繁多,作用各异,其中牛在不同的生长、生理时期对营养的要求不相同,其喂养的饲料也不能一样,需要特别配制。一般肉牛在传统的饲养方法中的哺乳期为4~6个月,但为了提高养殖效益,现代集约化养殖实行早期断奶,此时进行人工饲料喂食。
玉米芯中富含丰富的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素等,在经过加工和处理之后不仅可以作为饲料预混料,蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、赖氨酸蛋白粉等。含有丰富的微量元素,利于动物的营养平衡,维护代谢机理,尤其磷钙含量高。增强犊牛抗应激能力,提高饲料转化率;借助氨基酸途径直接吸收,缓解矿物质之间的拮抗竞争作用,充分满足犊牛对铬的营养需求,激活体内多种酶的活性,增强机体免疫机能;促进生长、增强体质,帮助产生抗体、激素和酶,提高免疫力、增加血色素。帮助钙的吸收,治疗防止骨质疏松症,利用玉米芯添加到犊牛断奶饲料中,不仅使犊牛生长快,还可以缩短母牛的喂奶时间,促使产犊母牛提前发情配种的目的,达到母牛每年生产一胎,不仅降低了养殖肉牛的经济成本,也显著提高优质肉牛繁殖效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种犊牛早期断奶的饲喂方法,犊牛的成活率高,在实现犊牛早期断奶的同时,也达到产犊母牛提前发情配种的目的,也可提高优质肉牛繁殖效率,还能降低养殖成本,增加养殖户的经济收入。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种犊牛早期断奶的饲喂方法,所述饲喂方法包括以下步骤:
(1)小犊牛出生后30~50分钟内灌服第一次初乳,第一次初乳使用经产母肉牛的初乳,饲喂量为体重的5~8%,最多不超过3kg;从第二次初乳开始,采用细孔奶瓶饲喂,喂足五天初乳,每天饲喂3~4次,每次饲喂量为2~2.5kg,所述初乳采用水浴方式间隔加热至35~37℃时开始饲喂;
(2)从小犊牛出生第六天开始饲喂常乳、开食料以及温水,常乳采用水浴间接加热至80℃后,然后自然降温至35~37℃时开始饲喂,每天饲喂3~4次,每次饲喂量为2~2.5kg,其中所述开食料的饲喂为自由采食,温水的水温控制在28~32℃之间;
(3)从小犊牛出生第12天开始,在饲喂开食料过程中添加杂草进行饲喂,所述杂草的饲喂为自由采食,同时供应充足饮水;
(4)犊牛从出生至2个半月龄开始断奶,断奶后至5个半月龄开始饮喂生长料,每天饲喂3~4次,每次饲喂量为2.5~3kg,其中所述生长料的饲喂为自由采食,在饲喂过程添加杂草进行自由采食,同时供应充足饮水。
进一步地,作为优选方案,本发明所述的一种犊牛早期断奶的饲喂方法,其中所述开食料由下述原料组成:玉米芯、大豆粉、熟豆粕、米糠、花生粕、山楂粉、骨粉、鱼粉、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、磷酸氢钙、碳酸钙、硫酸铜和食盐,其中所述开食料中的粗蛋白含量大于25%,粗纤维含量在10~12%之间, 粗脂肪含量在7~9%之间;所述生长料由下述原料组成:玉米芯、大豆粉、熟豆粕、米糠、花生粕、山楂粉、骨粉、鱼粉、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、磷酸氢钙、碳酸钙、硫酸铜和食盐,其中所述生长料中的粗蛋白含量大于20%,粗纤维含量在13~15%之间, 粗脂肪含量在10~12%之间。
进一步地,作为优选方案,本发明所述的犊牛早期断奶的饲喂方法,其中所述水浴间接加热是指:将装有常乳的奶桶放入水浴中,用高温蒸汽插入水中,使常乳间接加热至80℃,然后自然降温至35~37℃时将其取出。
进一步地,作为优选方案,本发明所述的犊牛早期断奶的饲喂方法,其中所述杂草由巨菌草、稻谷草和苜蓿组成,所述巨菌草、稻谷草和苜蓿的重量比6:3:1。
采用本发明的一种犊牛早期断奶的饲喂方法,与现有技术相比,其有益效果在于:通过在小犊牛出生后及时灌服初乳,提高犊牛免疫力,得病少、成活率高,从小犊牛出生第六天开始饲喂开食料,防止犊牛挑食影响瘤胃发育,从小犊牛出生第12天开始,在饲喂开食料过程中添加杂草进行饲喂,自由采食,这样可以锻炼犊牛瘤胃发育,从出生至2个半月龄开始断奶,断奶后至5个半月龄开始饮喂生长料,自由采食,在饲喂过程添加杂草进行自由采食,同时供应充足饮水。通过采用上述饲喂方法,分不同生长阶段添加不同饲料,达到生长所需的各类营养物质,保证其营养充足,从而增强犊牛免疫力,提高其成活率,在实现犊牛早期断奶的同时,也达到产犊母牛提前发情配种的目的,可使肉牛每年生产一胎,不仅降低了养殖肉牛的经济成本,也显著提高优质肉牛繁殖效率。
具体实施方式
为了更充分的解释本发明的实施,以下结合具体实施例来进一步说明本发明。所举实例只用于解释本发明,而不是限定本发明的范围。
实施例1:
一种犊牛早期断奶的饲喂方法,所述饲喂方法包括以下步骤:
(1)小犊牛出生后30~40分钟内灌服第一次初乳,第一次初乳使用经产母肉牛的初乳,饲喂量为体重的5~7%,最多不超过3kg;从第二次初乳开始,采用细孔奶瓶饲喂,喂足五天初乳,每天饲喂3~4次,每次饲喂量为2~2.3kg,所述初乳采用水浴方式间隔加热至35~36℃时开始饲喂;
(2)从小犊牛出生第六天开始饲喂常乳、开食料以及温水,常乳采用水浴间接加热至80℃后,然后自然降温至35~36℃时开始饲喂,每天饲喂3~4次,每次饲喂量为2~2.3kg,其中所述开食料的饲喂为自由采食,温水的水温控制在28~30℃之间;其中所述水浴间接加热是指:将装有常乳的奶桶放入水浴中,用高温蒸汽插入水中,使常乳间接加热至80℃,然后自然降温至35~36℃时将其取出;
(3)从小犊牛出生第12天开始,在饲喂开食料过程中添加杂草进行饲喂,所述杂草的饲喂为自由采食,同时供应充足饮水;
(4)犊牛从出生至2个半月龄开始断奶,断奶后至5个半月龄开始饮喂生长料,每天饲喂3~4次,每次饲喂量为2.5~2.8kg,其中所述生长料的饲喂为自由采食,在饲喂过程添加杂草进行自由采食,同时供应充足饮水。
其中所述开食料由下述原料组成:玉米芯、大豆粉、熟豆粕、米糠、花生粕、山楂粉、骨粉、鱼粉、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、磷酸氢钙、碳酸钙、硫酸铜和食盐,其中所述开食料中的粗蛋白含量大于25%,粗纤维含量在10~12%之间, 粗脂肪含量在7~9%之间;所述生长料由下述原料组成:玉米芯、大豆粉、熟豆粕、米糠、花生粕、山楂粉、骨粉、鱼粉、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、磷酸氢钙、碳酸钙、硫酸铜和食盐,其中所述生长料中的粗蛋白含量大于20%,粗纤维含量在13~15%之间, 粗脂肪含量在10~12%之间。
其中所述杂草由巨菌草、稻谷草和苜蓿组成,所述巨菌草、稻谷草和苜蓿的重量比6:3:1。
实施例2:
一种犊牛早期断奶的饲喂方法,所述饲喂方法包括以下步骤:
(1)小犊牛出生后40~50分钟内灌服第一次初乳,第一次初乳使用经产母肉牛的初乳,饲喂量为体重的6~8%,最多不超过3kg;从第二次初乳开始,采用细孔奶瓶饲喂,喂足五天初乳,每天饲喂3~4次,每次饲喂量为2.3~2.5kg,所述初乳采用水浴方式间隔加热至36~37℃时开始饲喂;
(2)从小犊牛出生第六天开始饲喂常乳、开食料以及温水,常乳采用水浴间接加热至80℃后,然后自然降温至36~37℃时开始饲喂,每天饲喂3~4次,每次饲喂量为2.3~2.5kg,其中所述开食料的饲喂为自由采食,温水的水温控制在30~32℃之间;其中所述水浴间接加热是指:将装有常乳的奶桶放入水浴中,用高温蒸汽插入水中,使常乳间接加热至80℃,然后自然降温至36~37℃时将其取出;
(3)从小犊牛出生第12天开始,在饲喂开食料过程中添加杂草进行饲喂,所述杂草的饲喂为自由采食,同时供应充足饮水;
(4)犊牛从出生至2个半月龄开始断奶,断奶后至5个半月龄开始饮喂生长料,每天饲喂3~4次,每次饲喂量为2.7~3kg,其中所述生长料的饲喂为自由采食,在饲喂过程添加杂草进行自由采食,同时供应充足饮水。
其中所述开食料由下述原料组成:玉米芯、大豆粉、熟豆粕、米糠、花生粕、山楂粉、骨粉、鱼粉、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、磷酸氢钙、碳酸钙、硫酸铜和食盐,其中所述开食料中的粗蛋白含量大于25%,粗纤维含量在11~12%之间, 粗脂肪含量在8~9%之间;所述生长料由下述原料组成:玉米芯、大豆粉、熟豆粕、米糠、花生粕、山楂粉、骨粉、鱼粉、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、磷酸氢钙、碳酸钙、硫酸铜和食盐,其中所述生长料中的粗蛋白含量大于20%,粗纤维含量在14~15%之间, 粗脂肪含量在11~12%之间。
其中所述杂草由巨菌草、稻谷草和苜蓿组成,所述巨菌草、稻谷草和苜蓿的重量比6:3:1。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种非实质性的改进,或未经改进将本发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的,均在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种犊牛早期断奶的饲喂方法,其特征在于,所述饲喂方法包括以下步骤:(1)小犊牛出生后30~50分钟内灌服第一次初乳,第一次初乳使用经产母肉牛的初乳,饲喂量为体重的5~8%,最多不超过3kg;从第二次初乳开始,采用细孔奶瓶饲喂,喂足五天初乳,每天饲喂3~4次,每次饲喂量为2~2.5kg,所述初乳采用水浴方式间隔加热至35~37℃时开始饲喂;
(2)从小犊牛出生第六天开始饲喂常乳、开食料以及温水,常乳采用水浴间接加热至80℃后,然后自然降温至35~37℃时开始饲喂,每天饲喂3~4次,每次饲喂量为2~2.5kg,其中所述开食料的饲喂为自由采食,温水的水温控制在28~32℃之间;
(3)从小犊牛出生第12天开始,在饲喂开食料过程中添加杂草进行饲喂,所述杂草的饲喂为自由采食,同时供应充足饮水;
(4)犊牛从出生至2个半月龄开始断奶,断奶后至5个半月龄开始饮喂生长料,每天饲喂3~4次,每次饲喂量为2.5~3kg,其中所述生长料的饲喂为自由采食,在饲喂过程添加杂草进行自由采食,同时供应充足饮水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种犊牛早期断奶的饲喂方法,其特征在于,所述开食料由下述原料组成:玉米芯、大豆粉、熟豆粕、米糠、花生粕、山楂粉、骨粉、鱼粉、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、磷酸氢钙、碳酸钙、硫酸铜和食盐,其中所述开食料中的粗蛋白含量大于25%,粗纤维含量在10~12%之间, 粗脂肪含量在7~9%之间;所述生长料由下述原料组成:玉米芯、大豆粉、熟豆粕、米糠、花生粕、山楂粉、骨粉、鱼粉、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、磷酸氢钙、碳酸钙、硫酸铜和食盐,其中所述生长料中的粗蛋白含量大于20%,粗纤维含量在13~15%之间,粗脂肪含量在10~12%之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种犊牛早期断奶的饲喂方法,其特征在于,所述水浴间接加热是指:将装有常乳的奶桶放入水浴中,用高温蒸汽插入水中,使常乳间接加热至80℃,然后自然降温至35~37℃时将其取出。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种犊牛早期断奶的饲喂方法,其特征在于:所述杂草由巨菌草、稻谷草和苜蓿草组成,所述巨菌草、稻谷草和苜蓿草按6:3:1的重量比组成。
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