CN107326889B - Bar-shaped probe for detecting non-drainage shear strength of soft clay and calculation method - Google Patents
Bar-shaped probe for detecting non-drainage shear strength of soft clay and calculation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107326889B CN107326889B CN201710636548.9A CN201710636548A CN107326889B CN 107326889 B CN107326889 B CN 107326889B CN 201710636548 A CN201710636548 A CN 201710636548A CN 107326889 B CN107326889 B CN 107326889B
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
- E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
- E02D1/022—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work by investigating mechanical properties of the soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of foundation exploration of ocean engineering and discloses a bar-shaped probe for detecting the non-drainage shear strength of soft clay and a calculation method, wherein the bar-shaped probe comprises a bar-shaped end head, the central position of the rectangular cross section of the bar-shaped end head is connected with a probe rod, the lower end of the probe rod is provided with a force measurement unit close to the bar-shaped end head, and the force measurement unit is a resistance-type force sensor or an optical fiber force sensor; and (3) performing a static cone penetration test on the soft clay by using a bar-shaped probe to measure the penetration resistance of the bar-shaped probe of the soft clay, and calculating the range of the non-drainage shear strength of the soft clay according to a formula. The strip-shaped probe damage mechanism can eliminate the influence of overburden pressure and pore water pressure without additional correction; the projection area of the strip-shaped probe is larger than that of the cone-shaped probe, so that more accurate non-drainage shear strength can be obtained; a strict theoretical solution is provided between the penetration resistance of the strip-shaped probe and the non-drainage shear strength of the soft clay, so that the influence of artificial experience factors on the calculation result is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of foundation investigation of ocean engineering, and particularly relates to an in-situ static sounding probe for detecting the non-drainage shear strength of soft clay and a calculation method for detecting the non-drainage shear strength of the soft clay.
Background
The region with the depth of more than 500 m specified by the current standard in China is called a deep sea region. The deep sea medium sea engineering structure is greatly different from a shallow sea structure in the aspects of structure form, bearing characteristics, basic performance and the like, and the requirements on soil body parameters in design construction are also different. Therefore, the method for accurately obtaining the strength parameters of the soil body on the shallow surface layer of the deep sea seabed has extremely important significance for ensuring the safety and stability of the deep sea structure.
Due to the unique sedimentation characteristic of deep sea, most of the soil bodies on the shallow surface of the seabed are soft clay with uniform particles and strong structure, and the method has the characteristics of low strength, large static pore pressure, high sensitivity and strong flow plasticity, and the conventional investigation method at present is very difficult to obtain accurate strength parameters.
The traditional strength evaluation methods include penetration test, cross plate shear test and triaxial compression test. Cone-type static sounding and a miniature penetrometer are frequently applied in penetration tests, the relation between penetration resistance and shear strength obtained by cone-type static sounding depends on engineering practice experience more, and large errors exist in calculation results due to the fact that the range of experience parameters is large and the calculation results are prone to being selected improperly; the miniature penetrometer is portable and simple but has extremely high requirements on experimental operation: the penetration rate is uniform and constant, and too fast impact or pause cannot occur; the reading is quick and accurate; the micro penetrometer is always kept vertically penetrating into the soil body and the like. The triaxial compression test has complex operation and long test period. The measured value of the cross plate shear test tends to residual strength, the real peak strength of the soil body cannot be reflected, the discreteness is large, and the influence of the disturbance degree of the soil body is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a bar probe for detecting the non-drainage shear strength of soft clay and a calculation method, aiming at solving the technical problem of detecting the non-drainage shear strength of the soft clay.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a survey bar probe of soft clay shear strength that does not drain, includes the probe rod, the probe rod bottom is connected with rectangular bar end, the bar end with its rectangle cross-section central point put with the probe rod is fixed, the probe rod lower extreme is close to the force cell is installed to the bar end.
Wherein, the probe rod top is provided with the screw thread.
Wherein the width of the strip-shaped end is 2-8cm, the length of the strip-shaped end is at least 5 times of the width, and the thickness of the strip-shaped end is 0.5-1 cm.
The force measuring unit is a resistance type force sensor or an optical fiber force sensor.
Wherein, the probe rod and the strip-shaped end are both made of stainless steel.
A method for calculating the non-drainage shear strength of soft clay by using the strip-shaped probe comprises the steps of performing a static cone penetration test on the soft clay by using the strip-shaped probe to measure the penetration resistance of the strip-shaped probe of the soft clay, and calculating the non-drainage shear strength S of the soft clay according to the formulas (1) and (2) u ：
In the formula: b is the width of the strip-shaped end head in the strip-shaped probe,
p is the penetration resistance of the strip-shaped probe,
S u the soft clay has the shear strength without water drainage,
alpha is the cohesive force coefficient between the bar probe and the soft clay, wherein sin delta alpha a/S u A is the cohesive force between the strip-shaped probe and the soft clay;
the non-drainage shear strength S of the soft clay is obtained by calculation through the formulas (1) and (2) u The upper limit value and the lower limit value of (A), namely the non-drainage shear strength S of the soft clay can be obtained u The range of (1).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the bar-shaped probe and the calculation method of the invention detect the shear strength of the soft clay without drainage, and because the bar-shaped probe damage mechanism can eliminate the influence of overburden pressure and pore water pressure, no additional correction is needed;
secondly, the bar-shaped probe and the calculation method of the invention detect the non-drainage shear strength of the soft clay, and because the projection area of the bar-shaped probe is larger than that of the cone-shaped probe, a more accurate non-drainage shear strength value can be obtained;
and thirdly, the bar-shaped probe and the calculation method of the invention detect the non-drainage shear strength of the soft clay, and the relationship between the penetration resistance of the bar-shaped probe and the non-drainage shear strength of the soft clay has a strict theoretical solution, thereby greatly reducing the influence of artificial experience factors on the calculation result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a strip probe provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a layout view of a bar probe provided by the present invention;
wherein (a) is a front elevation view; (b) is a side elevation view; (c) is a top view;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a full flow motion pattern of a bar probe;
FIG. 4 is a comparison graph of the results of the soil body non-drainage shear strength measured by the strip probe and the in-situ cross plate of the invention.
In the above figures: 1. a bar-shaped end portion; 2. a force measuring unit; 3. a probe rod; 4. and (4) threading.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in figures 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides a bar probe for detecting the non-drainage shear strength of soft clay, which mainly comprises a bar end 1, a force measuring unit 2 and a probe rod 3.
The bar-shaped tip 1 is made of a rectangular stainless steel plate, and has a length A (50cm), a width B (8cm) and a thickness C (1 cm). Generally, the strip-shaped end 1 has a width B of 2-8cm, a length A of more than 5 times the width and a thickness C of 0.5-1 cm.
The probe rod 3 is also made of stainless steel, and the probe rod 3 is a cylinder with the diameter E (4cm) and the length D (200 cm); the diameter of the probe 3 is generally equal to or slightly smaller than the width of the bar-shaped tip 1. The top end of the probe rod 3 is provided with a thread 4 which can be connected with a common static sounding probe rod. The bottom end of the probe rod 3 is fixed at the center of the rectangular section of the strip-shaped end head 1.
The lower end of the probe rod 3 is provided with a force measuring unit 2 close to the strip-shaped end head 1, and the force measuring unit 2 can be a resistance-type force sensor or an optical fiber force sensor.
The method for detecting the non-drainage shear strength of the soft clay by using the strip-shaped probe comprises the following steps:
1. and testing each component of the detection system respectively to verify the effectiveness of the detection system.
Before the first use, the force sensor of the force-measuring cell 2 needs to be calibrated, and later recalibrated every half year.
3. The cone probe of the original static sounding system is taken down, and the strip probe provided by the invention is installed.
4. The measurement and penetration method and the measurement and penetration method of the static sounding system are the same, and are not described herein again.
5. Calculating the non-drainage shear strength S of the soft clay according to the test obtained strip probe penetration resistance data through the formulas (1) and (2) u ：
In the formula: b is the width of the strip-shaped end head 1 in the strip-shaped probe,
p is the penetration resistance of the strip-shaped probe,
S u the soft clay has no drainage shear strength,
alpha is the cohesive force coefficient between the bar probe and the soft clay, wherein sin delta alpha a/S u A is the cohesive force between the strip-shaped probe and the soft clay;
the non-drainage shear strength S of the soft clay is obtained by calculation through the formulas (1) and (2) u The upper limit value and the lower limit value of (2) can be obtained, namely the non-drainage shear strength S of the soft clay u In (c) is used.
Compared with the traditional strength test method, the bar-shaped probe for detecting the non-drainage shear strength of the soft clay and the calculation method have the following advantages:
(I) compared with the traditional cone type static sounding probe, the non-drainage shear strength S of the soft clay is calculated by the penetration resistance P of the bar probe u In time, the influence of overburden pressure and pore water pressure can be eliminated, and no additional correction is needed:
the strip probe penetration process conforms to a full flow failure mode. The so-called full flow mode of the soil is the soil motion field and stress field according to figure 3. In fig. 3, the curve is the motion line of the soil body, and the ray is the main stress line of the soil body. The flow mode is that in the process of the strip probe injection, the soil body can completely flow to the top end of the strip probe along the lower end of the strip probe around the section of the strip probe, and the soil body playground is symmetrical up and down, left and right.
According to the full-flow failure mode, the displacement field and the stress field of the soil motion are symmetrical up and down, left and right, so that the penetration resistance of the strip probe is not influenced by the overburden pressure and the pore pressure under the condition of neglecting the difference between the overburden pressure and the pore pressure of the soil within the thickness range of the strip probe. However, the connecting part of the strip-shaped end head 1 and the probe rod 3 is not contacted with the soil body, and the hole pressure correction and the volume weight overload correction are carried out on the soil body resistance measured by the full-flow dynamic-static sounding method. The correction formula of the penetration and extraction resistance of the full-flow probe is as follows:
q full-flow ＝q t -[σ v0 -u 0 (1-α)]A s /A P (3)
in the formula, q full-flow For corrected soil resistance, q t The measured probe resistance; sigma v0 Covering soil pressure on the soil body at the penetration depth of the soil body; u. of 0 The pore pressure at the penetration depth; a. the s The cross section area of the probe rod 3 is shown; a. the P Is the vertical projection area of the strip-shaped end 1. Due to A s /A P Typically less than 1/10, and this correction is often ignored as well.
Because the projection area of the strip-shaped probe is larger than that of the cone-shaped probe, more accurate shear strength of the soft clay without drainage can be obtained:
due to pore water pressure u in deep sea 2 The pressure is very high and is between 10MPa and 15MPa, the soil body on the shallow surface layer of the deep sea has lower strength, and the effective cone tip resistance is between 10 kPa and 100 kPa. The effective cone tip resistance is only about 1 per mill-1% of the pore pressure and almost consistent with the error range of the force detection element, so that the accurate effective cone tip resistance is difficult to measure. The plane projection area of the strip probe is 10 to 100 times of that of the cone probe, and the corresponding effective penetration resistance is about 10 to 100 times larger than that of the cone probe, so that the relative measurement error of the penetration resistance of the strip probe is 10 to 100 times smaller than that of the cone probe under the same measurement condition.
(III) the relation between the penetration resistance of the strip-shaped probe and the non-drainage shear strength of the soft clay has strict theoretical solution:
according to the soil plasticity theory, the soil is simplified into a rigid plastic material, the Tresca yield criterion is met, and the influence of soil weight is not considered. By utilizing the slip line theory, a slip line field (as shown in figure 3) of the soil body in the strip-shaped probe penetration process is constructed, and on the basis, a maneuvering allowable playground and a static allowable stress field are established, so that the upper and lower limit solutions of the soft clay resistance in the strip-shaped probe penetration process can be obtained.
The lower limit is:
the upper limit solution is:
in the formula: b is the width of a strip-shaped end head 1 in the strip-shaped probe, P is the penetration resistance of the strip-shaped probe, and S u The shear strength of the soft clay without drainage, alpha is the cohesive force coefficient between the bar-shaped probe and the soft clay, wherein sin delta alpha/S u And a is the cohesive force between the strip-shaped probe and the soft clay.
The bar probe of the invention is applied to carry out static cone penetration test and cross plate shearing test on a soft clay foundation, the test method is as above, the penetration depth is 3m, the curve of the variation of soil body non-drainage strength along with the depth is calculated according to the test data, and the test result is shown in figure 4. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the test result of the strip probe is very close to the shear strength of the soft clay without water drainage measured by the in-situ cross plate, thus proving the effectiveness and accuracy of the strip probe.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. The bar-shaped probe for detecting the non-drainage shear strength of the soft clay comprises a probe rod and is characterized in that the bottom end of the probe rod is connected with a rectangular bar-shaped end, the bar-shaped end is fixed with the probe rod by the central position of the rectangular section of the bar-shaped end, the width of the bar-shaped end is 2-8cm, the length of the bar-shaped end is at least 5 times of the width, and the thickness of the bar-shaped end is 0.5-1 cm;
a force measuring unit is arranged at the lower end of the probe rod close to the strip-shaped end head, and the force measuring unit is a resistance-type force sensor or an optical fiber force sensor;
performing static cone penetration test on the soft clay by using a bar-shaped probe to measure the penetration resistance of the bar-shaped probe of the soft clay, and calculating the non-drainage shear strength S of the soft clay according to the formulas (1) and (2) u ：
In the formula: b is the width of the strip-shaped end head in the strip-shaped probe,
p is the penetration resistance of the strip-shaped probe,
S u the soft clay has no drainage shear strength,
alpha is the cohesive force coefficient between the bar probe and the soft clay, wherein sin delta alpha a/S u A is the cohesive force between the strip-shaped probe and the soft clay;
the non-drainage shear strength S of the soft clay is obtained by calculation through the formulas (1) and (2) u The upper limit value and the lower limit value of (A), namely the non-drainage shear strength S of the soft clay can be obtained u The range of (1).
2. The bar probe for detecting the non-drainage shear strength of soft clay according to claim 1, wherein the top of the probe rod is provided with a thread.
3. The bar probe for detecting the non-drainage shear strength of soft clay according to claim 1, wherein the probe rod and the bar tip are made of stainless steel.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN107505218A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-12-22 | 立方通达实业（天津）有限公司 | A kind of effect equipment of indoor vane shear test instrument |
| CN107747306B (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2019-09-10 | 东南大学 | A kind of cross with Yu Haiyang's ultra-soft soil in-situ test flows feeler inspection probe entirely |
| CN110608946B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2024-08-09 | 大连理工大学 | Soft clay early thixotropic strength test and device based on FBG and full-current sounding |
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| CN204461908U (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-07-08 | 中国电力工程顾问集团华北电力设计院有限公司 | A kind of soft clay undrained shear strength proving installation |
| CN105568950A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-05-11 | 东南大学 | Miniature free fall disc type dynamic sounding device for testing undrained shear strength |
| CN206736884U (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-12-12 | 中国电力工程顾问集团华北电力设计院有限公司 | T-shaped feeler inspection square-section probe |
| CN207176660U (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2018-04-03 | 天津大学 | A kind of bar shaped probe for detecting bury shear stress |
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