CN107317324B - The control processing method and device that microgrid operating cost minimizes - Google Patents
The control processing method and device that microgrid operating cost minimizes Download PDFInfo
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- CN107317324B CN107317324B CN201710471937.0A CN201710471937A CN107317324B CN 107317324 B CN107317324 B CN 107317324B CN 201710471937 A CN201710471937 A CN 201710471937A CN 107317324 B CN107317324 B CN 107317324B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
Abstract
The present invention discloses the control processing method and device that a kind of microgrid operating cost minimizes, make it is controlled after entire micro-grid system overall operation cost reach minimum, being mainly manifested in the energy storage device service life can be extended to greatest extent.The control system that method includes: S1, indicates the microgrid scene modeling under off-network state with stochastic differential equation at one, an and objective function, wherein, controller is arranged on microcomputer, the objective function refers to microgrid overall operation cost, energy consumption caused by loss and the controller including energy storage device；S2, according to the stochastic differential equation, solve optimal controller, wherein the optimal controller minimizes objective function value；S3, the optimal controller is inputted into microgrid by way of signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to micro-capacitance sensor technical fields, and in particular to a kind of control processing method that microgrid operating cost minimizes
With device.
Background technique
Micro-capacitance sensor, also referred to as microgrid.In general sense, microgrid is by distributed generation resource, distributed energy storage equipment, and load
Equal corollary equipments composition, is a small-sized electric system.Microgrid can be incorporated into the power networks with external bulk power grid, can also individually transport
Row.Nearly ten years, after the concept of smart grid and energy internet is suggested, the research for microgrid is closed always very much
Note.In conjunction with the theory for the energy internet that the current whole world is advocated, under the premise of using clean energy resource, distributed power generation mainly comes
Derived from distributed wind-power generator machine (abbreviation blower), distributed photovoltaic power generation machine (abbreviation photovoltaic), distributed type minisize gas turbine
(abbreviation microcomputer), etc..Distributed energy storage equipment mainly uses distributed battery energy storage (abbreviation battery) and distributed flywheel to store up
Energy (abbreviation flywheel).Loading section is depending on actual conditions.In a microgrid, it is likely that include conventional load, sensitive loads,
Super large power load, etc..In distributed generation resource, the power generation of blower and photovoltaic depends primarily on the situation of weather and weather.
If wind-force is powerful, and wind direction is suitble to blower, then wind turbine power generation can achieve maximal efficiency；If Intensity of the sunlight and angle
It is suitble to photovoltaic, then photovoltaic power generation can achieve maximal efficiency.
It is contemplated that the microgrid under an off-network state, i.e., it is not connected with backbone network.Electric energy can be real in this microgrid
Self existing production and self consumption.We assume that energy storage device is only battery in this microgrid.Have only with the hypothesis of battery
Very significant realistic meaning, especially in the microgrid of a small range.Electric energy transmission strategy in one microgrid is as follows: if point
The power generation of cloth power supply has electric energy more than needed, extra that can be stored into energy storage device；If distributed generation resource generation deficiency, battery
The electric energy that can be used to release storage is used for loading in microgrid.It is worth noting that electric energy needs under what specific state
It is to be stored into energy storage device, and it is specific under what conditions, electric energy needs are released from energy storage device, these are all
It is worth the problem of thinking is with exploring.In this regard, we need one to be accurately controlled device to realize and automatically control.It is wherein very big by one
It is a the reason is that, certain energy storage devices restricted lifetime.By taking battery as an example, its transient state operating mode mainly receive power supply with
Difference power between load.According to current energy storage device correlation theory and technology, if there are biggish between power supply and load
Power difference, instantaneous high-power difference can cause biggish negative effect to battery, and this influence be it is irreversible, i.e., can be right
Battery itself causes a degree of damage.In addition, the access times of battery have the upper limit.If charge and discharge reach a fixed number
After magnitude, battery must just be scrapped.So, microgrid can satisfy electric energy self-supporting it is self-sustaining under the premise of, it is as less time as possible
Battery is used severally, and ensures that power output or input should not be excessively high when battery work, so that it may reduce the loss of battery.It changes
Yan Zhi, we will solve the problems, such as to be that, what a kind of controller designed, this control is arranged in which equipment of microgrid
Device processed just can be such that the service life of battery is extended to the greatest extent, while not influence the normal operation of microgrid again.In addition, needing
For the controller to be designed under the premise of ensuring that energy storage device rationally utilizes, the cost that also as far as possible pay it is minimum, by
Microgrid can be run in controller of application itself and bring partition losses.At present in the correlative study for microgrid, not yet send out
Now for the controller related invention design of this kind of standard and requirement research and development.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention provides the control processing method and device of a kind of microgrid operating cost minimum,
Purpose is to be indicated the microgrid scene modeling under off-network state with stochastic differential equation at one by a series of mathematical methods
Control system and an objective function, and it is directed to above-mentioned comprehensive mathematical model, invention designs a kind of system optimal controller,
So that objective function is minimized.Here, objective function refers to main operating cost and loss in entire microgrid, main body
The loss of present battery itself, and the controller of application is considered to system bring operating cost.The control that the present invention designs
Device processed is arranged on microcomputer, and overall operation cost minimization may be implemented in the entire micro-grid system after being controlled, and the method for operation is most closed
Reason, the service life for being mainly manifested in energy storage device can be extended to the maximum extent.
On the one hand, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of control processing method that microgrid operating cost minimizes, comprising:
S1, the control system for indicating the microgrid scene modeling under off-network state with stochastic differential equation at one, and
One objective function, wherein controller is arranged on microcomputer, and the objective function refers to microgrid overall operation cost, including energy storage
Energy consumption caused by the loss of equipment and the controller；
S2, according to the stochastic differential equation, solve optimal controller, wherein the optimal controller takes objective function
Value minimizes；
S3, the optimal controller is inputted into microgrid by way of signal.
On the other hand, the control processing unit that a kind of microgrid operating cost of the embodiment of the present invention minimizes, comprising:
Modeling unit, the control for indicating the microgrid scene modeling under off-network state with stochastic differential equation at one
System and an objective function, wherein controller is arranged on microcomputer, and the objective function refers to microgrid overall operation cost,
Energy consumption caused by loss and the controller including energy storage device；
Unit is solved, for solving optimal controller, wherein the optimal controller makes according to the stochastic differential equation
Objective function value minimizes；
Input unit, for the optimal controller to be inputted microgrid by way of signal.
The control processing method and device that the microgrid operating cost that the embodiment of the present invention proposes minimizes, will be under off-network state
The control system that is indicated at one with stochastic differential equation of microgrid scene modeling and an objective function, and for above-mentioned
Comprehensive mathematical model solves a kind of system optimal controller, so that objective function is minimized, optimal controller is passed through signal
Mode input microgrid, the controller that objective function considers the loss of energy storage device and is arranged on microcomputer in entire scheme is led
The energy consumption of cause is mainly manifested in energy storage and sets so that the entire micro-grid system overall operation cost after being controlled be made to reach minimum
The standby service life can be extended to greatest extent.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram for one embodiment of control processing method that a kind of microgrid operating cost of the present invention minimizes；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram for one embodiment of control processing unit that a kind of microgrid operating cost of the present invention minimizes.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is explicitly described, it is clear that described embodiment is the present invention
A part of the embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not having
Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is made, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses a kind of control processing method that microgrid operating cost minimizes, comprising:
S1, the control system for indicating the microgrid scene modeling under off-network state with stochastic differential equation at one, and
One objective function, wherein controller is arranged on microcomputer, and the objective function refers to microgrid overall operation cost, including energy storage
Energy consumption caused by the loss of equipment and the controller；
S2, according to the stochastic differential equation, solve optimal controller, wherein the optimal controller takes objective function
Value minimizes；
S3, the optimal controller is inputted into microgrid by way of signal.
The control processing method that the microgrid operating cost that the present embodiment proposes minimizes, by the microgrid scene under off-network state
It is modeled as the control system and an objective function that one is indicated with stochastic differential equation, and is directed to above-mentioned comprehensive mathematical modulo
Type solves a kind of system optimal controller, so that objective function is minimized, optimal controller is inputted by way of signal
Microgrid, objective function considers energy caused by the loss of energy storage device and the controller being arranged on microcomputer and disappears in entire scheme
Consumption, thus make it is controlled after entire micro-grid system overall operation cost reach minimum, being mainly manifested in the energy storage device service life can be with
It is extended to greatest extent.
The control processing method minimized below to microgrid operating cost of the present invention is described in detail.
Under the present invention one typical off-network state of consideration, the micro-grid system based on ac bus design.Wherein power generation dress
Set includes: photovoltaic, blower, miniature gas turbine.Energy storage device includes battery energy storage.Load is that ordinarily resident loads.This field
Scape can be adapted for many scenes in China, such as gobi, and mountainous region etc. is inconvenient to set up the remote areas of backbone network.On these ground
Area, the production and consumption of electric energy are all completed in microgrid, and extraneous transmission electric energy is not depended on.
Microgrid itself under this kind of off-network state behaves certain challenge: photovoltaic and wind turbine power generation are unstable,
Their generated output is heavily dependent on weather condition.According to previous experiences, the transient power of blower and photovoltaic is exported
Model can be indicated with the differential equation.Their power output has certain randomness and uncontrollability, therefore is not suitable in wind
Controller is mounted directly on machine and photovoltaic apparatus.On the contrary, microcomputer itself can export stable electric energy, and it is easily controlled.Cause
This, controller of the invention is designed on microcomputer.According to universal experience, in cold winter and hot summer, due to big
Scale uses heater unit and air-conditioning, and the load electricity consumption in microgrid can dramatically increase.In such microgrid, energy storage device makes
Frequency can be very high.Under certain weather conditions, distributed generation resource power generation output power has larger with load consumption power
Deviation.This large deviation can be received by battery, but if things go on like this can cause to damage to battery.
The target of theory and save the cost for environmental protection, people need to try one's best to postpone the service life of battery,
The operating cost of entire microgrid is set to reach minimum as far as possible simultaneously.If battery is used, is replaced, maintenance cost also regards microgrid fortune as
The chief component of row cost, another part cost or cost of microgrid operation just from the controller itself newly applied, because
It will cause certain energy consumption or system loss for some strong controllers itself, i.e., brought to whole system certain
Operating cost.The present invention comprehensively considers into microgrid to system bring cost by the use cost of battery and after applying controller
Main operating cost.The present invention is directed to design a kind of controller for the microcomputer in microgrid, to ensure entire micro-grid system operation
Cost minimization.So, energy storage device is also farthest protected, and service life is maximized extension.
The present invention specific steps are as follows:
1, the wind turbine power generation power curve corresponding with the time with random fluctuation is done into smoothing techniques, i.e., is not examined substantially
Consider its random fluctuation in a short time.Electric energy changed power when being generated electricity with linear ordinary differential simulates blower fan.Key is to survey
Measure blower time inertia constant.Its rudimentary model is obtained, such as
Wherein a1For the inverse of blower time constant, x1Change for power of fan,For x1To the derivative of time.
2, since the blower output power model that the linear ordinary differential in step 1 indicates does not account for reality output function
The random fluctuation of rate, the noise of random fluctuation is introduced into blower output power model by we at this time.We are random with one kind
Its randomness is simulated in process --- Brownian movement (Brownian Motion).Linear ordinary differential (1) is rewritten as linearly
Stochastic differential equation, such as
dx1=-a1x1dt+b1dW(t) (2)
Wherein W (t) is Brownian movement, b1For the corresponding amplification coefficient of blower fan system random entry, can be surveyed by Practical Project
Amount obtains.
3, the photovoltaic generation power curve corresponding with the time with random fluctuation is done into smoothing techniques, i.e., is not examined substantially
Consider its random fluctuation in a short time.Electric energy changed power when simulating photovoltaic power generation with linear ordinary differential.Key is to survey
Measure photovoltaic time inertia constant.Its rudimentary model is obtained, such as
Wherein a2For the inverse of photovoltaic time constant, x2Change for photovoltaic power,For x2To the derivative of time.
4, since the photovoltaic output power model that the linear ordinary differential in step 3 indicates does not account for reality output function
The random fluctuation of rate, the noise of random fluctuation is introduced into photovoltaic output power model by we at this time.We use Brownian movement
To simulate its randomness.Linear ordinary differential (3) is rewritten as the linear random differential equation, such as
dx2=-a2x2dt+b2dW(t) (4)
Wherein W (t) is Brownian movement, b2For the corresponding amplification coefficient of photovoltaic system random entry, can be surveyed by Practical Project
Amount obtains.
5, electric energy changed power is exported with linear ordinary differential simulation microcomputer.Key is that measurement microcomputer time inertia is normal
Number.The linear ordinary differential of microcomputer output power variation is obtained, such as
Wherein a3For the inverse of microcomputer time constant, x3Electric energy changed power is exported for microcomputer,For x3Time is led
Number, u are the controller that present invention needs design.
6, with electric energy changed power when linear ordinary differential simulated battery charge and discharge.Key is that measuring battery time is used to
Property constant.The linear ordinary differential of power of battery variation is obtained, such as
Wherein a4For the inverse of battery time constant, x4Change for the power of battery,For x4To the derivative of time, f is micro-
The frequency variation of ac bus in netting.
7, changed with the frequency of ac bus in linear ordinary differential simulation microgrid.Key is to measure its damped coefficient
With inertia constant.The linear ordinary differential of ac bus frequency variation is obtained, such as
WhereinIt is f to the derivative of time, D is damped coefficient, and M is inertia constant, x5Become for bearing power in micro-grid system
Change, meets
x1+x2+x3+x4+x5=0
This embodies that electric energy self-supporting in microgrid is self-sustaining, the relationship of the equilibrium of supply and demand.
8, join column equation (2), (4)-(7), such as
Above formula can be rewritten as a comprehensive system, be indicated with stochastic differential equation:
Dx=(Ax+Bu) dt+CdW (t) (8)
Wherein vector x=[x1′,x2′,x3′,x4', f '] ' it is system mode, here ' it is matrix transposition, scalar u is that the present invention needs
The system to be designed control input, that is, the controller signals input being applied on microcomputer；Matrix A, B, C are system parameter,
In
So, the dynamical equation of multiple elements is integrated into a comprehensive stochastic differential equation in micro-grid system.
9, we define microgrid operating cost, and mainly the energy as caused by the controller of the loss of energy storage device and application disappears
Consumption collectively constitutes.It is J that for a period of time (from 0 to T), we, which define this operating cost, wherein
Wherein, parameter ε (scalar) is the amplification coefficient that part is lost in energy storage.Parameter R (scalar) is to apply controller to micro-
Mesh belt carrys out the amplification coefficient of extra cost.Parameter ε and parameter R is definite value, and value can be depending on practical micro-grid system.
We define matrix
Then microgrid operating cost is that J can be rewritten as
10, in this way, the problem of microgrid operating cost minimizes is by the LQ (Linear that successful conversion is mathematically
Quadratic) the problem of optimum control, it may be assumed that according to given probabilistic system posture equation (8), need to solve a kind of controller
U, so that objective function (9) is minimized.This kind of Stochastic Optimal Control problem can be solved by existing mathematical tool (referring to text
Offer S.Chen, X.Li, and X.Y.Zhou, Stochastic linear quadratic regulators with
indefinite controlweight costs,SIAM J.Control Optim.,36(1998),pp. 1685
1702.).The optimal controller u acquired*It is linearly related with system mode x.This optimal controller algorithm can pass through the side of signal
Formula input system extends the energy storage device service life to the maximum extent, and system overall operation cost reaches minimum.This is optimal
Controller u*Expression formula substitutes into (9), the available minimum microgrid operating cost in the case where this optimal controller is corresponding.
Referring to Fig. 2, the present embodiment discloses a kind of control processing unit that microgrid operating cost minimizes, comprising:
Modeling unit 1, the control for indicating the microgrid scene modeling under off-network state with stochastic differential equation at one
System processed and an objective function, wherein controller be arranged on microcomputer, the objective function refer to microgrid overall operation at
This, energy consumption caused by loss and the controller including energy storage device；
Unit 2 is solved, for solving optimal controller, wherein the optimal controller makes according to the stochastic differential equation
Objective function value minimizes；
Input unit 3, for the optimal controller to be inputted microgrid by way of signal.
The control processing unit that the microgrid operating cost that the present embodiment proposes minimizes, by the microgrid scene under off-network state
It is modeled as the control system and an objective function that one is indicated with stochastic differential equation, and is directed to above-mentioned comprehensive mathematical modulo
Type solves a kind of system optimal controller, so that objective function is minimized, optimal controller is inputted by way of signal
Microgrid, objective function considers energy caused by the loss of energy storage device and the controller being arranged on microcomputer and disappears in entire scheme
Consumption, thus make it is controlled after entire micro-grid system overall operation cost reach minimum, being mainly manifested in the energy storage device service life can be with
It is extended to greatest extent.
On the basis of aforementioned device embodiment, the stochastic differential equation can be with are as follows:
Dx=(Ax+Bu) dt+CdW (t),
The objective function equation can be with are as follows:
Wherein, x=[x1′,x2′,x3′,x4', f '] ', ' it is matrix transposition, x1For power of fan variation, x2For photovoltaic function
Rate variation, x3Electric energy changed power, x are exported for microcomputer4For energy storage device changed power, f is that the frequency of ac bus in microgrid becomes
Change,
For the inverse of blower time constant, a2For the inverse of photovoltaic time constant, a3For the inverse of microcomputer time constant, a4
For the inverse of battery time constant, M is inertia constant, and D is damped coefficient, b1For the corresponding amplification system of blower fan system random entry
Number, b2For the corresponding amplification coefficient of photovoltaic system random entry, u is the controller, and W (t) is Brownian movement, and t indicates time, J
For microgrid operating cost, for from the moment 0 to the operating cost of this period of T,
ε and R is preset constant value.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme, which has the following advantages:
1, the single micro-grid system under off-network state is modeled as mathematics control system by the present invention, i.e., by Practical Project scene
It is converted to mathematical model；
2, mathematical model proposed by the present invention carrys out the randomness of simulation system using random process (Brownian movement), agrees with
Bring inevitable random fluctuation when blower and photovoltaic power generation has certain authenticity；
3, the present invention facilitates practical operation by controller design on microcomputer, has extensive feasibility；
4, micro-grid system operating cost is modeled as an objective function by the present invention, can be asked in conjunction with system state equation
The expression formula of optimal controller is obtained, and obtains the minimum cost in the case where this optimal controller is corresponding；
5, it is directed to mathematical model proposed by the present invention, the present invention passes through modern mathematics stochastic control theory and functional analysis
Method, the mathematical analysis solution of available optimal controller, i.e., the optimal controller expression formula indicated with mathematical formulae, operation side
Just quick；
6, the optimal controller algorithm that acquires of the present invention can by way of signal input system, make system overall operation
Cost reaches minimum, is mainly manifested in the energy storage device service life and can be extended to greatest extent.
Although the embodiments of the invention are described in conjunction with the attached drawings, but those skilled in the art can not depart from this hair
Various modifications and variations are made in the case where bright spirit and scope, such modifications and variations are each fallen within by appended claims
Within limited range.
Claims (2)
1. the control processing method that a kind of microgrid operating cost minimizes characterized by comprising
S1, the control system that the microgrid scene modeling under off-network state is indicated at one with stochastic differential equation and one
Objective function, wherein controller is arranged on microcomputer, and the objective function refers to microgrid overall operation cost, including energy storage device
Loss and the controller caused by energy consumption；
S2, according to the stochastic differential equation, solve optimal controller, wherein the optimal controller makes objective function value most
Smallization；
S3, the optimal controller is inputted into microgrid by way of signal；
The stochastic differential equation are as follows:
Dx=(Ax+Bu) dt+CdW (t),
The objective function equation are as follows:
Wherein, x=[x1′,x2′,x3′,x4', f '] ', ' it is matrix transposition, x1For power of fan variation, x2For photovoltaic power change
Change, x3Electric energy changed power, x are exported for microcomputer4For energy storage device changed power, f is the frequency variation of ac bus in microgrid,
For the inverse of blower time constant, a2For the inverse of photovoltaic time constant, a3For the inverse of microcomputer time constant, a4For electricity
The inverse of pond time constant, M are inertia constant, and D is damped coefficient, b1For the corresponding amplification coefficient of blower fan system random entry, b2For
The corresponding amplification coefficient of photovoltaic system random entry, u are the controller, and W (t) is Brownian movement, and t indicates the time, and J is microgrid fortune
Row cost, for from the moment 0 to the operating cost of this period of T,ε and R is preset constant
Value.
2. the control processing unit that a kind of microgrid operating cost minimizes characterized by comprising
Modeling unit, the control system for indicating the microgrid scene modeling under off-network state with stochastic differential equation at one
System and an objective function, wherein controller is arranged on microcomputer, and the objective function refers to microgrid overall operation cost, packet
Include energy storage device loss and the controller caused by energy consumption；
Unit is solved, for solving optimal controller, wherein the optimal controller makes target according to the stochastic differential equation
Function value minimizes；
Input unit, for the optimal controller to be inputted microgrid by way of signal；
The stochastic differential equation are as follows:
Dx=(Ax+Bu) dt+CdW (t),
The objective function equation are as follows:
Wherein, x=[x1′,x2′,x3′,x4', f '] ', ' it is matrix transposition, x1For power of fan variation, x2For photovoltaic power change
Change, x3Electric energy changed power, x are exported for microcomputer4For energy storage device changed power, f is the frequency variation of ac bus in microgrid,
For the inverse of blower time constant, a2For the inverse of photovoltaic time constant, a3For the inverse of microcomputer time constant, a4For electricity
The inverse of pond time constant, M are inertia constant, and D is damped coefficient, b1For the corresponding amplification coefficient of blower fan system random entry, b2For
The corresponding amplification coefficient of photovoltaic system random entry, u are the controller, and W (t) is Brownian movement, and t indicates the time, and J is microgrid fortune
Row cost, for from the moment 0 to the operating cost of this period of T,ε and R is preset constant
Value.
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| CN105373842A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-02 | 国家电网公司 | Micro-grid energy optimization and evaluation method based on full energy flow model |
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| CN105373842A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-02 | 国家电网公司 | Micro-grid energy optimization and evaluation method based on full energy flow model |
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