CN107314071A - Automobile composite leaf spring - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to auto parts machinery field, and in particular to a kind of automobile composite leaf spring, including a leaf of spring and underlying at least a piece of composite spring piece above；It is superimposed and is connected as one by fastener above and below leaf of spring and composite spring piece.The present invention is using leaf of spring and the composite construction of composite spring piece, reasonable in design, effect are notable, when automobile composite leaf spring be arranged on automobile chassis on, road surface jolt spring is transmitted to by axletree when, the composite spring piece of high intensity is by its own elasticity most shock absorptions, play good damping performance, and leaf of spring mainly plays a part of to connect vehicle body and bears a small amount of steering, the torsion that brake is caused, shear stress, so as to ensure bulk strength；Due to the lighter in weight of composite, therefore to mitigate the weight of integral automobile flat spring, thus its loss of weight, emission reduction, increase lotus effect it is extremely notable.

Description

Auto composite leaf spring

technical field

The invention relates to an automobile composite leaf spring, which belongs to the field of automobile accessories.

Background technique

Automobile leaf spring (an elastic element widely used in automobile suspension) is a safety component that connects the axle and the body through different types of shock absorbers. Attached directly to the body, it can also be mounted directly on the shock absorber. At present, the vast majority of automobile leaf springs are made of spring steel through a series of complex processes such as heat treatment. The weight of each group is about 50-500 kg, and the vehicle has at least four groups, with a total weight of about 200-2000 kg. Lightweight (reducing emissions and increasing load at the same time) is a major issue in the automobile industry. If the weight of the automobile leaf spring is too heavy, it will increase fuel consumption and reduce the loading capacity of the automobile. Therefore, the weight reduction of automobile leaf springs has become a major research point.

In this regard, a lot of research has been carried out at home and abroad, and variable-section leaf springs have been developed. The use of variable-section leaf springs has indeed achieved certain results in reducing the weight of automobiles, usually reducing the weight by 10-20%. The complexity of the process has seriously increased the production cost and is not convenient for popularization and application.

Foreign countries have been trying to replace steel leaf springs with non-metallic composite leaf springs in recent years. However, due to the characteristics of poor wear resistance and anisotropic properties of composite materials, their unidirectional tensile strength is usually excellent, but torsion, shear, etc. , wear and other poor strength, therefore, when connected with the lugs of the axle and car body, it is easy to damage, so that there is a major safety hazard in the car, so it has not been able to be popularized and used.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide an automobile composite leaf spring that can not only ensure the overall strength, but also achieve the effects of weight reduction, emission reduction and load increase.

The automobile composite leaf spring of the present invention comprises a leaf spring on the top and at least one spring of composite material on the bottom; the leaf spring and the spring of composite material are stacked up and down and connected as a whole by fasteners.

The automobile composite leaf spring of the present invention adopts a composite structure of leaf spring sheets and composite material spring sheets, which can greatly reduce the weight and To ensure the strength and fatigue life, and to ensure the other functions of the overall automobile composite leaf spring through the thin leaf spring (usually the design thickness is 5mm to 20mm), so that the automobile leaf spring can withstand the torsion and shear caused by the steering brake on the road. Cutting and other stresses can prevent the overall damage of the automobile leaf spring, and finally meet the requirements of light weight and chassis connection strength, thereby ensuring the overall requirements of weight reduction, emission reduction, load increase and driving safety of the automobile leaf spring.

Preferably, the said fastener adopts fastening bolts, and the fastening bolts pass through the center of the steel plate spring sheet and the composite material spring sheet, and are fastened by nuts. By connecting and fastening the automobile composite leaf spring at the central position, the leaf spring sheet and the composite material spring sheet can be quickly fixed. In order to ensure the connection strength, the fastening bolts are made of carbon steel.

Preferably, the bottom of the middle part of the composite material spring sheet located at the bottom is fixed with a composite material spring sheet mounting pad. When the whole car composite leaf spring is installed on the chassis of the car, the composite spring leaf mounting pad can contact the axle and saddle bolts to protect the composite material spring leaf. In practical application, the composite material spring leaf mounting pad is preferably made of carbon steel.

Preferably, the composite material spring sheet installation pad adopts a steel groove, and corresponding composite material spring sheet installation pads are provided with slots on the bottom and both sides of the composite material spring sheet at the bottom, each slot Together they form a U-shaped groove, and the composite material spring leaf mounting pad is fixed in the U-shaped groove from bottom to top. The composite material spring installation pad adopts steel grooves, which can effectively protect the bottom surface and both sides of the composite material spring. At the same time, the composite spring installation pad is stuck in the U-shaped groove, which can prevent the composite material from The relative displacement between the installation pad of the spring leaf and the composite material spring further ensures the protective effect on the composite material spring.

Further preferably, the leaf spring, the composite spring and the composite spring mounting pad are connected and fixed as a whole through the fastener from top to bottom.

Preferably, a center gasket is installed between the leaf spring sheet and the composite material spring sheet below it (that is, the composite material spring sheet adjacent to the leaf spring sheet), the leaf spring sheet, the center gasket, and the composite material spring sheet It is connected and fixed together with the composite material spring sheet installation pad through the above-mentioned fasteners from top to bottom. The center spacer is mainly used to separate the leaf spring and the composite material spring below it to reduce noise. Wherein, the center spacer is made of steel material.

Preferably, two end wear-reducing blocks (that is, the anti-friction blocks positioned at the two ends of the entire automobile composite leaf spring) are set between the leaf spring sheet and the composite material spring sheet below it (i.e., the composite material spring sheet adjacent to the leaf spring sheet). Grinding block), the two ends of the wear reducing block are symmetrically arranged on the left and the right, through which the two ends of the wear reducing block can effectively reduce the wear of the steel plate spring to the composite material spring. Wherein, the end wear reducing block is made of steel material.

Preferably, the composite material spring piece is made of glass fiber reinforced composite material or carbon fiber reinforced composite material.

The beneficial effect that the present invention has compared with prior art is:

1. The automobile composite leaf spring of the present invention adopts a composite structure of leaf spring sheets and composite material spring sheets. The structure design is reasonable and the effect is remarkable. At the same time, the high-strength composite material spring sheet absorbs most of the vibration through its own elasticity, and has a good shock absorption performance, while the leaf spring sheet mainly connects the body and bears a small amount of torsion and shear caused by steering and braking. The effect of stress, so as to ensure the overall strength.

2. Because the weight of the composite material is relatively light, usually only about 25% of the steel, it can reduce the weight of the whole automobile leaf spring, so that the effects of weight reduction, emission reduction and load increase are extremely significant.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Nut; 2. Steel plate spring; 3. Center gasket; 4. Composite spring;

detailed description

Embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawings:

Embodiment one:

As shown in Figure 1, the automobile composite leaf spring includes a leaf spring sheet 2 on the top and a sheet of composite material spring sheet 4 below, the leaf spring sheet 2 and the composite material spring sheet 4 are stacked up and down and connected by fasteners One. The leaf spring sheet 2 in the present embodiment is a variable cross-section, and its thickness is 8-18mm (thickness gradually decreases from the center to both ends); the composite material spring sheet 4 adopts glass fiber reinforced composite material, and its thickness is 20-65mm.

A central gasket 3 and two end wear-reducing blocks 5 are arranged between the leaf spring sheet 2 and the composite material spring sheet 4, wherein the central gasket 3 (made of steel material, such as low alloy steel, etc.) is located in the middle , both ends of wear-reducing blocks 5 (made of steel materials, such as low-alloy steel, etc.) are symmetrically arranged on the left and right; The spring sheet installation pad 6 adopts a steel groove (such as channel steel), and the corresponding composite material spring sheet installation pad 6 is provided with a draw-in groove at the bottom and both sides of the composite material spring sheet 4 at the bottom, and each draw-in groove A U-shaped groove is formed together, and the composite material spring leaf mounting pad 6 is stuck in the U-shaped groove from bottom to top.

Among them, fastening bolts 7 are used for the fasteners, and the fastening bolts 7 pass through the steel plate spring sheet 2, the center gasket 3, the composite material spring sheet 4 and the composite material spring sheet sequentially from top to bottom from the center position of the automobile composite leaf spring. Install the pad 6 and fasten it with the nut 1.

The automobile composite leaf spring of the present invention adopts the composite structure of the thin steel leaf spring sheet 2 and the thick composite material spring sheet 4, the structural design is reasonable, and the effect is remarkable. When the axle is transmitted to the spring, the high-strength composite material spring piece 4 absorbs most of the vibration through its own elasticity, and has a good shock absorption performance, while the steel plate spring piece 2 mainly connects the vehicle body and bears a small amount of steering and braking. The effect of torsion and shear stress caused by the car, so as to ensure the overall strength, prevent the overall damage of the automobile leaf spring, and finally meet the requirements of light weight and chassis connection strength, so as to ensure the weight reduction, emission reduction, load increase and driving safety of the automobile leaf spring overall requirements.

Since the weight of the glass fiber reinforced composite material is 25% of the steel, the weight of the whole set of automobile leaf springs can be further reduced by 50%-300%. The weight has been reduced from 29.6kg to the current 10.5kg; the fatigue strength has been increased from no more than 650MPa to more than 1000MPa; the fatigue life has been increased from 80,000 times to 200,000 times.

Embodiment two:

As shown in Figure 2, the leaf spring sheet 2 of this automobile composite leaf spring is equal section, and its thickness is 12mm; Composite material spring sheet 4 adopts carbon fiber reinforced composite material, and its thickness is 20-65mm, and other structures are identical with embodiment one .

Since the weight of carbon fiber composite material is 22% of that of steel, the weight of the whole set of automobile leaf springs can be further reduced by 50%-320%. It has been reduced from 29.6kg to the current 10.3kg; the fatigue strength has been increased from no more than 650MPa to more than 1000MPa; the fatigue life has been increased from 80,000 times to 200,000 times.

Claims (10)

1. A composite leaf spring for an automobile, characterized in that: comprise a leaf spring leaf (2) positioned above and at least one composite material spring leaf (4) positioned below; leaf spring leaf (2) and composite material spring leaf ( 4) Stack up and down and connect as a whole through fasteners. 2. The automobile composite leaf spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: said fastener adopts a fastening bolt (7), and the fastening bolt (7) is formed from the leaf spring sheet (2) and the composite material spring sheet The center position of (4) passes through, and is fastened by nut (1). 3. The automobile composite leaf spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: the composite material spring sheet (4) located at the bottom has a composite material spring sheet installation pad (6) fixed at the bottom of the middle part. 4. The automobile composite leaf spring according to claim 3, characterized in that: the composite material spring sheet installation pad (6) adopts a steel groove, and the corresponding composite material spring sheet installation pad (6) is The bottom and both sides of the bottom composite material spring piece (4) are provided with card slots, and each card slot together forms a U-shaped groove, and the composite material spring piece installation pad (6) is fixed in the U-shaped groove from bottom to top middle. 5. The automobile composite leaf spring according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: the leaf spring sheet (2), the composite material spring sheet (4) and the composite material spring sheet installation pad (6) pass through from top to bottom The fasteners are connected and fixed as a whole. 6. The automobile composite leaf spring according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: a center gasket ( 3), the steel plate spring (2), the center gasket (3), the composite material spring (4) and the composite material spring mounting pad (6) are connected and fixed as a whole through the above-mentioned fasteners from top to bottom . 7. The automobile composite leaf spring according to claim 6, characterized in that: the central washer (3) is made of steel. 8. The automobile composite leaf spring according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that two end wear-reducing parts are arranged between the leaf spring sheet (2) and the composite material spring sheet (4) below it Block (5), two end parts wear-reducing block (5) one left one right symmetrical arrangement. 9. The automobile composite leaf spring according to claim 8, characterized in that: the end wear-reducing block (5) is made of steel. 10. The automobile composite leaf spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: the composite material spring piece (4) is made of glass fiber reinforced composite material or carbon fiber reinforced composite material.