CN107299300A - 一种重负荷低磨损铜基摩擦材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种重负荷低磨损铜基摩擦材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107299300A CN107299300A CN201710707046.0A CN201710707046A CN107299300A CN 107299300 A CN107299300 A CN 107299300A CN 201710707046 A CN201710707046 A CN 201710707046A CN 107299300 A CN107299300 A CN 107299300A
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- parts
- friction
- powder
- copper
- iron powder
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound 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[Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000011068 load Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound 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O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound 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- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明提出了一种重负荷低磨损铜基摩擦材料及其制备方法，所述摩擦材料包括以下重量份数的原料组成：铜粉50～65粉，增强剂8～20份，摩擦润滑剂5～12份，摩擦性能添加剂5～10份，二硫化钼2～5份，所述增强剂为铁粉、锡粉和钛粉的混合物，所述摩擦润滑剂为鳞片石墨和短切炭纤维的混合物，所述摩擦性能添加剂包括二氧化硅和碳化硅粉。本发明所提出的摩擦材料配方合理，有效地提高了摩擦材料的摩擦系数，抗压强度高，高负荷，磨损小，耐高温，导热性强，具有优异的耐腐蚀效果，提高了摩擦材料的使用寿命，减小了噪音和振动，稳定性强，制备方法简单。
Description
一种重负荷低磨损铜基摩擦材料及其制备方法
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及摩擦材料技术领域，具体涉及一种重负荷低磨损铜基摩擦材料。
背景技术
[0002]粉末冶金摩擦材料是以金属及其合金为基体，添加摩擦组元和润滑组元，用粉末 冶金技术制成，主要用于制造摩擦式制动器与摩擦式离合器的摩擦片。由于该材料具有摩 擦因数高且稳定、耐磨性好、磨合性好、导热性优良、环境污染小、强度高、使用负荷高及工 作平稳可靠等优点，由于粉末冶金的种种优点，粉末冶金相关企业己经适用于汽车行业、装 备制造业、金属行业、航空航天、军事工业、仪器仪表、五金工具、电子家电等领域的零配件 生产和研宄，相关原料、辅料生产，各类粉末制备设备、烧结设备制造。产品包括轴承、齿轮、 硬质合金刀具、模具、摩擦制品等等。军工企业中，重型的武器装备如穿甲弹，鱼雷等，飞机 坦克等刹车副均需采用粉末冶金技术生产。粉末冶金汽车零件近年来己成为为中国粉末冶 金行业最大的市场，约50%的汽车零部件为粉末冶金零部件。
[0003] 近年来，铜基复合材料以其良好的导电、导热和摩擦特性，在机械加工、交通运输 和微机械学等领域具有广泛的应用前景。然而，在铜基摩擦材料上仍存在硬度低，材料烧结 后的致密度不高以及磨损率高等一些问题，尤其是在高速铁路制动材料方面的应用。现有 铜基摩擦材料含碳量较低，无论是复合材料的摩擦性能还是润滑性能都较差，同时铜与碳 互不润湿，两种材料界面结合较差，硬度较低磨损量较高等问题。基于以上问题，使得现有 制备材料方法不能适应高速减摩擦材料发展和大规模工业生产化的需要。
[0004] 因此，针对上述问题，本发明提出了 一种新的技术方案。
发明内容
[0005] 本发明的目的是提供一种密度适当、硬度、抗压强度、抗弯强度好的重负荷低磨损 铜基摩擦材料及其制备方法。
[0006] 本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
[0007] 一种重负荷低磨损铜基摩擦材料，包括以下重量份数的原料组成:铜粉50〜65粉， 增强剂8〜20份，摩擦润滑剂5〜12份，摩擦性能添加剂5〜10份，二硫化钼2〜5份，所述增强 剂为铁粉、锡粉和钛粉的混合物，所述摩擦润滑剂为鳞片石墨和短切炭纤维的混合物，所述 摩擦性能添加剂包括二氧化娃和碳化娃粉。
[0008] 进一步地，一种重负荷低磨损铜基摩擦材料，包括以下重量份数的原料组成:铜粉 50〜65份，铁粉3〜10份，锡粉2〜5份，欽粉2〜6份，鳞片石墨3〜8份，短切炭纤维2〜7份，二 氧化娃2〜6份，碳化娃3〜5份，二硫化银2〜5份。
[0009] 进一步地，所述铜粉的含量彡99_7%，粒径<74圓;所述铁粉的含量彡98.0%，粒 径<74um;所述钛粉的含量彡99.8%，粒径<50um;所述鳞片石墨的含量彡97%，粒径为240 〜350wn;所述二氧化硅的含量彡97%，粒径为15〇〜250_。
[0010] 进一步地，一种重负荷低磨损铜基摩擦材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
[0011] A、将铁粉和铜粉分别置于还原炉中，在氢气气氛保护下进行还原，以消除所述铁 粉和铜粉中的氧含量及加工硬化现象;还原温度:铁粉为6〇0〜700 °C，铜粉为350〜45(TC， 保温时间均为2〜3小时;得到还原后的还原铁粉和铜粉;球磨:将还原合格的铁粉和铜粉分 别放入球磨机中球磨〇. 5〜1小时；
[0012] B、将鳞片石墨、短切炭纤维、二氧化桂、碳化娃和二硫化钼分别放入烘干箱烘干， 冷却后备用；
[0013] C、按上述原料配比称取各原料，然后将原料依次放入V型混料机中混合均匀，混合 1〜1.5小时，过筛后得到混合原料；
[0014] D、将上述所得混合原料装入模具中，经冷压压制成密度为4 • 8〜5.2g/cm3的压坯； [0015] E、冷压成型后，将压坯放入煅烧炉中加压烧结，整个老框框压烧结过程在氢气的 保护下完成，烧结温度为900〜980°C，压为控制在3〜4MPa，保温2〜4小时后，随炉冷却至室 温出炉，再进行后期处理即可得到所需摩擦材料。
[0016]本发明的有益效果是:本发明所提出的摩擦材料配方合理，有效地提高了摩擦材 料的摩擦系数，抗压强度高，高负荷，磨损小，耐高温，导热性强，具有优异的耐腐蚀效果，提 高了摩擦材料的使用寿命，减小了噪音和振动，稳定性强，制备方法简单。
具体实施方式
[0017]下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步地说明。
[001S] 实施例1
[0019] —种重负荷低磨损铜基摩擦材料，包括以下重量份数的原料组成:铜粉50份，铁粉 3份，锡粉2份，钛粉2份，鳞片石墨3份，短切炭纤维2份，二氧化硅2份，碳化硅3份，二硫化钼2 份。
[0020] —种重负荷低磨损铜基摩擦材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
[0021] A、将铁粉和铜粉分别置于还原炉中，在氢气气氛保护下进行还原，以消除所述铁 粉和铜粉中的氧含量及加工硬化现象;还原温度:铁粉为600。(：，铜粉为350。(：，保温时间均 为2小时;得到还原后的还原铁粉和铜粉;球磨:将还原合格的铁粉和铜粉分别放入球磨机 中球磨0.5小时；
[0022] B、将鳞片石墨、短切炭纤维、二氧化硅、碳化硅和二硫化钼分别放入烘干箱烘干， 冷却后备用；
[0023] C、按上述原料配比称取各原料，然后将原料依次放入¥型混料机中混合均匀，混合 1小时，过筛后得到混合原料；
[0024] D、将上述所得混合原料装入模具中，经冷压压制成密度为48g/cm3的压坯；
[0025] ~E、冷压成型后，将压坯放入煅烧炉中加压烧结，整个老框框压烧结过程在氢气的 保护下完成，烧结温度为900°C，压为控制在3MPa，保温2小时后，随炉冷却至室温出炉，再进 行后期处理即可得到所需摩擦材料。
[0026] 实施例2
[0027] —种重负荷低磨损铜基摩擦材料，包括以下重量份数的原料组成:铜粉60份，铁粉 6份，锡粉4份，钛粉4份，鳞片石墨5份，短切炭纤维5份，二氧化硅5份，碳化硅4份，二硫化钼3 份。
[0028] 一种重负荷低磨损铜基摩擦材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
[0029] A、将铁粉和铜粉分力1J置于还原炉中，在氧气气氛保护下进行还原，以消除所述铁 粉和铜粉中的氧含量及加工硬化现象；还原温度:铁粉为65(TC，铜粉为400，保温时间均 为2.5小时;得到还原后的还原铁粉和铜粉;球磨:将还原合格的铁粉和铜粉分别放入球磨 机中球磨0.8小时；
[0030] B、将鳞片石墨、短切炭纤维、二氧化娃、碳化娃和二硫化钼分别放入供干箱供干， 冷却后备用；
[0031] C、按上述原料配比称取各原料，然后将原料依次放入v型混料机中混合均匀，混合 1.2小时，过筛后得到混合原料；
[0032] D、将上述所得混合原料装入模具中，经冷压压制成密度为％/挪3的压坯；
[0033] E、冷压成型后，将压坯放入煅烧炉中加压烧结，整个老框框压烧结过程在氢气的 保护下完成，烧结温度为950°c，压为控制在3MPa，保温3小时后，随炉冷却至室温出炉，再进 行后期处理即可得到所需摩擦材料。
[0034] 实施例3
[0035] 一种重负荷低磨损铜基摩擦材料，包括以下重量份数的原料组成:铜粉65份，铁粉 10份，锡粉5份，钛粉6份，鳞片石墨8份，短切炭纤维7份，二氧化硅6份，碳化硅5份，二硫化钼 5份。
[0036] 一种重负荷低磨损铜基摩擦材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
[0037] A、将铁粉和铜粉分别置于还原炉中，在氢气气氛保护下进行还原，以消除所述铁 粉和铜粉中的氧含量及加工硬化现象;还原温度:铁粉为700°C，铜粉为450°C，保温时间均 为3小时;得到还原后的还原铁粉和铜粉;球磨:将还原合格的铁粉和铜粉分别放入球磨机 中球磨lh;
[0038] B、将鳞片石墨、短切炭纤维、二氧化硅、碳化硅和二硫化钼分别放入烘干箱烘干， 冷却后备用；
[0039] C、按上述原料配比称取各原料，然后将原料依次放入V型混料机中混合均匀，混合 1.5小时，过筛后得到混合原料；
[0040] D、将上述所得混合原料装入模具中，经冷压压制成密度为5.2g/cm3的压坯；
[0041] E、冷压成型后，将压坯放入煅烧炉中加压烧结，整个老框框压烧结过程在氢气的 保护下完成，烧结温度为980°C，压为控制在4MPa，保温4小时后,随炉冷却至室温出炉，再进 行后期处理即可得到所需摩擦材料。
[0042]本发明所提出的摩擦材料配方合理，有效地提高了摩擦材料的摩擦系数，抗压强 度高，高负荷，磨损小，耐髙温，导热性强，具有优异的耐腐蚀效果，提高了摩擦材料的使用 寿命，减小了噪音和振动，稳定性强，制备方法简单。
[0043]本发明所提出的摩擦材料配方合理，有效地提高了摩擦材料的摩擦系数，抗压强 度高，高负荷，磨损小，耐高温，导热性强，具有优异的耐腐蚀效果，提高了摩擦材料的使用 寿命，减小了噪音和振动，稳定性强，制备方法简单。
Claims (5)
1.一种重负荷低磨损铜基摩擦材料，其特征在于:包括以下重量份数的原料组成:铜粉 50〜65粉，增强剂8〜2〇份，摩擦润滑剂5〜12份，摩擦性能添加剂5〜10份，^硫化钼2〜5 份，所述增强剂为铁粉、锡粉和钛粉的混合物，所述摩擦润滑剂为鱗片石墨和短切炭纤维的 混合物，所述摩擦性能添加剂包括二氧化硅和碳化硅粉。
2. 根据权利要求1所述一种重负荷低磨损铜基摩擦材料，其特征在于:包括以下重量份 数的原料组成:铜粉50〜65份，铁粉3〜1〇份，锡粉2〜5份，欽粉2〜6份，鳞片石墨3〜8份，短 切炭纤维2〜7份，二氧化桂2^〜^6份，碳化娃3〜5份，一硫化钼2〜5份。
3. 根据权利要求2所述一种重负荷低磨损铜基摩擦材料，其特征在于:所述铜粉的含量 彡99.7 %，粒径< 74WH;所述铁粉的含量彡98 • 0 %，粒径< 74_;所述钛粉的含量彡99 • 8 %， 粒径<50wn;所述鳞片石墨的含量彡97%，粒径为240〜350um;所述二氧化硅的含量彡 97%，粒径为 150〜250um。
4. 根据权利要求1〜3所述一种重负荷低磨损铜基摩擦材料的制备方法，其特征在于： 包括以下步骤： A、 将铁粉和铜粉分别置于还原炉中，在氢气气氛保护下进行还原，以消除所述铁粉和 铜粉中的氧含量及加工硬化现象;还原温度:铁粉为6〇〇〜700°C，铜粉为350〜450°C，保温 时间均为2〜3小时；得到还原后的还原铁粉和铜粉;球磨:将还原合格的铁粉和铜粉分别放 入球磨机中球磨0.5〜1小时； B、 将鱗片石墨、短切炭纤维、二氧化硅、碳化硅和二硫化钼分别放入烘干箱烘干，冷却 后备用； C、 按上述原料配比称取各原料，然后将原料依次放入V型混料机中混合均匀，混合1〜
1.5小时，过筛后得到混合原料； D、 将上述所得混合原料装入模具中，经冷压压制成街度为4 • 8〜5 • 2g/cm3的压还； E、 冷压成型后，将压坯放入煆烧炉中加压烧结，整个老框框压烧结过程在氢气的保护 下完成，烧结温度为900〜980°C，压为控制在3〜4MPa，保温2〜4小时后，随炉冷却至室温出 炉，再进行后期处理即可得到所需摩檫材料。
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| CN110102754A (zh) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-08-09 | 中南大学 | 一种重载车辆干式离合器用铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料及其制备方法 |
| CN113235021A (zh) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-08-10 | 西峡县泰祥实业有限公司 | 一种铜基耐磨减磨材料及其制备工艺 |
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| CN110102754A (zh) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-08-09 | 中南大学 | 一种重载车辆干式离合器用铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料及其制备方法 |
| CN110102754B (zh) * | 2019-05-20 | 2020-04-24 | 中南大学 | 一种重载车辆干式离合器用铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料及其制备方法 |
| CN113235021A (zh) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-08-10 | 西峡县泰祥实业有限公司 | 一种铜基耐磨减磨材料及其制备工艺 |
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