CN107287517A - 高强度结构钢q550c及其生产方法 - Google Patents
高强度结构钢q550c及其生产方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107287517A CN107287517A CN201710434395.XA CN201710434395A CN107287517A CN 107287517 A CN107287517 A CN 107287517A CN 201710434395 A CN201710434395 A CN 201710434395A CN 107287517 A CN107287517 A CN 107287517A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cold
- temperature
- layer
- structural steel
- steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nMzAwcHgnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwcHgnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzMDAgMzAwJz4KPCEtLSBFTkQgT0YgSEVBREVSIC0tPgo8cmVjdCBzdHlsZT0nb3BhY2l0eToxLjA7ZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGO3N0cm9rZTpub25lJyB3aWR0aD0nMzAwLjAnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwLjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMzguMCcgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiMzQjQxNDMnID5GPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxNjUuNicgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiMzQjQxNDMnID5lPC90ZXh0Pgo8L3N2Zz4K data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 36
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 36
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 210000001519 tissues Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005712 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nMzAwcHgnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwcHgnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzMDAgMzAwJz4KPCEtLSBFTkQgT0YgSEVBREVSIC0tPgo8cmVjdCBzdHlsZT0nb3BhY2l0eToxLjA7ZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGO3N0cm9rZTpub25lJyB3aWR0aD0nMzAwLjAnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwLjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMzguMCcgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiMzQjQxNDMnID5DPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxNjUuNicgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiMzQjQxNDMnID5hPC90ZXh0Pgo8cGF0aCBkPSdNIDE4OC40LDE0Ni4wIEwgMTg4LjQsMTQ1LjggTCAxODguNCwxNDUuNyBMIDE4OC40LDE0NS41IEwgMTg4LjMsMTQ1LjMgTCAxODguMywxNDUuMiBMIDE4OC4yLDE0NS4wIEwgMTg4LjEsMTQ0LjkgTCAxODguMCwxNDQuNyBMIDE4Ny45LDE0NC42IEwgMTg3LjcsMTQ0LjUgTCAxODcuNiwxNDQuNCBMIDE4Ny41LDE0NC4zIEwgMTg3LjMsMTQ0LjIgTCAxODcuMiwxNDQuMSBMIDE4Ny4wLDE0NC4xIEwgMTg2LjgsMTQ0LjAgTCAxODYuNywxNDQuMCBMIDE4Ni41LDE0NC4wIEwgMTg2LjMsMTQ0LjAgTCAxODYuMSwxNDQuMCBMIDE4Ni4wLDE0NC4xIEwgMTg1LjgsMTQ0LjEgTCAxODUuNiwxNDQuMiBMIDE4NS41LDE0NC4yIEwgMTg1LjMsMTQ0LjMgTCAxODUuMiwxNDQuNCBMIDE4NS4xLDE0NC41IEwgMTg0LjksMTQ0LjcgTCAxODQuOCwxNDQuOCBMIDE4NC43LDE0NC45IEwgMTg0LjcsMTQ1LjEgTCAxODQuNiwxNDUuMiBMIDE4NC41LDE0NS40IEwgMTg0LjUsMTQ1LjYgTCAxODQuNSwxNDUuNyBMIDE4NC40LDE0NS45IEwgMTg0LjQsMTQ2LjEgTCAxODQuNSwxNDYuMyBMIDE4NC41LDE0Ni40IEwgMTg0LjUsMTQ2LjYgTCAxODQuNiwxNDYuOCBMIDE4NC43LDE0Ni45IEwgMTg0LjcsMTQ3LjEgTCAxODQuOCwxNDcuMiBMIDE4NC45LDE0Ny4zIEwgMTg1LjEsMTQ3LjUgTCAxODUuMiwxNDcuNiBMIDE4NS4zLDE0Ny43IEwgMTg1LjUsMTQ3LjggTCAxODUuNiwxNDcuOCBMIDE4NS44LDE0Ny45IEwgMTg2LjAsMTQ3LjkgTCAxODYuMSwxNDguMCBMIDE4Ni4zLDE0OC4wIEwgMTg2LjUsMTQ4LjAgTCAxODYuNywxNDguMCBMIDE4Ni44LDE0OC4wIEwgMTg3LjAsMTQ3LjkgTCAxODcuMiwxNDcuOSBMIDE4Ny4zLDE0Ny44IEwgMTg3LjUsMTQ3LjcgTCAxODcuNiwxNDcuNiBMIDE4Ny43LDE0Ny41IEwgMTg3LjksMTQ3LjQgTCAxODguMCwxNDcuMyBMIDE4OC4xLDE0Ny4xIEwgMTg4LjIsMTQ3LjAgTCAxODguMywxNDYuOCBMIDE4OC4zLDE0Ni43IEwgMTg4LjQsMTQ2LjUgTCAxODguNCwxNDYuMyBMIDE4OC40LDE0Ni4yIEwgMTg4LjQsMTQ2LjAgTCAxODYuNCwxNDYuMCBaJyBzdHlsZT0nZmlsbDojMDAwMDAwO2ZpbGwtcnVsZTpldmVub2RkO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTojMDAwMDAwO3N0cm9rZS13aWR0aDowLjBweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpidXR0O3N0cm9rZS1saW5lam9pbjptaXRlcjtzdHJva2Utb3BhY2l0eToxOycgLz4KPHBhdGggZD0nTSAxODguNCwxNTQuMCBMIDE4OC40LDE1My44IEwgMTg4LjQsMTUzLjcgTCAxODguNCwxNTMuNSBMIDE4OC4zLDE1My4zIEwgMTg4LjMsMTUzLjIgTCAxODguMiwxNTMuMCBMIDE4OC4xLDE1Mi45IEwgMTg4LjAsMTUyLjcgTCAxODcuOSwxNTIuNiBMIDE4Ny43LDE1Mi41IEwgMTg3LjYsMTUyLjQgTCAxODcuNSwxNTIuMyBMIDE4Ny4zLDE1Mi4yIEwgMTg3LjIsMTUyLjEgTCAxODcuMCwxNTIuMSBMIDE4Ni44LDE1Mi4wIEwgMTg2LjcsMTUyLjAgTCAxODYuNSwxNTIuMCBMIDE4Ni4zLDE1Mi4wIEwgMTg2LjEsMTUyLjAgTCAxODYuMCwxNTIuMSBMIDE4NS44LDE1Mi4xIEwgMTg1LjYsMTUyLjIgTCAxODUuNSwxNTIuMiBMIDE4NS4zLDE1Mi4zIEwgMTg1LjIsMTUyLjQgTCAxODUuMSwxNTIuNSBMIDE4NC45LDE1Mi43IEwgMTg0LjgsMTUyLjggTCAxODQuNywxNTIuOSBMIDE4NC43LDE1My4xIEwgMTg0LjYsMTUzLjIgTCAxODQuNSwxNTMuNCBMIDE4NC41LDE1My42IEwgMTg0LjUsMTUzLjcgTCAxODQuNCwxNTMuOSBMIDE4NC40LDE1NC4xIEwgMTg0LjUsMTU0LjMgTCAxODQuNSwxNTQuNCBMIDE4NC41LDE1NC42IEwgMTg0LjYsMTU0LjggTCAxODQuNywxNTQuOSBMIDE4NC43LDE1NS4xIEwgMTg0LjgsMTU1LjIgTCAxODQuOSwxNTUuMyBMIDE4NS4xLDE1NS41IEwgMTg1LjIsMTU1LjYgTCAxODUuMywxNTUuNyBMIDE4NS41LDE1NS44IEwgMTg1LjYsMTU1LjggTCAxODUuOCwxNTUuOSBMIDE4Ni4wLDE1NS45IEwgMTg2LjEsMTU2LjAgTCAxODYuMywxNTYuMCBMIDE4Ni41LDE1Ni4wIEwgMTg2LjcsMTU2LjAgTCAxODYuOCwxNTYuMCBMIDE4Ny4wLDE1NS45IEwgMTg3LjIsMTU1LjkgTCAxODcuMywxNTUuOCBMIDE4Ny41LDE1NS43IEwgMTg3LjYsMTU1LjYgTCAxODcuNywxNTUuNSBMIDE4Ny45LDE1NS40IEwgMTg4LjAsMTU1LjMgTCAxODguMSwxNTUuMSBMIDE4OC4yLDE1NS4wIEwgMTg4LjMsMTU0LjggTCAxODguMywxNTQuNyBMIDE4OC40LDE1NC41IEwgMTg4LjQsMTU0LjMgTCAxODguNCwxNTQuMiBMIDE4OC40LDE1NC4wIEwgMTg2LjQsMTU0LjAgWicgc3R5bGU9J2ZpbGw6IzAwMDAwMDtmaWxsLXJ1bGU6ZXZlbm9kZDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MTtzdHJva2U6IzAwMDAwMDtzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg6MC4wcHg7c3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVjYXA6YnV0dDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46bWl0ZXI7c3Ryb2tlLW9wYWNpdHk6MTsnIC8+Cjwvc3ZnPgo= data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009851 ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000529 magnetic ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004260 weight control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
Abstract
本发明公开了一种高强度结构钢Q550C及其生产方法,其包括冶炼工序、连铸工序、加热工序、热轧工序、层流冷却工序和卷取工序;所述冶炼工序所得钢水化学成分的重量百分比含量:C 0.05%~0.10%,Mn 1.25%~1.65%,S≤0.010%,P≤0.022%,Si≤0.35%,Als≥0.015%,Nb 0.025~0.050%,Ti 0.050~0.080,N≤0.0060%,Cu≤0.050%,Ni≤0.030%,Cr≤0.050%,其余为铁和不可避免的杂质。本Q550C钢及其方法采用低碳高锰添加铌、钛微合金的成分体系,合理设计热轧温度制度及冷却策略,采用细晶强化和控制组织相变细化相变产物等手段,获取优良的铁贝组织,使Q550C钢种在具有较高强度的同时仍能保证较高的韧性。
Description
高强度结构钢Q550G及其生产方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于钢铁冶金材料领域,尤其是一种高强度结构钢Q550C及其生产方法。
背景技术
[0002] 低碳贝氏体钢是实现高强、高軔同时具备良好冲压性能的最具潜力钢种。与普通 低合金钢相比,低碳贝氏体钢板由于碳含量较低,在保证钢板高强度的同时仍能保证较高 的軔性。高强度结构钢Q550C是一种微合金化低碳贝氏体钢,它具有强度高、低温韧性优良 等特点。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种軔性高的高强度结构钢Q550C;本发明还提 供了一种高强度结构钢Q550C的生产方法。
[0004] 为解决上述技术问题,本发明化学成分的重量百分含量为:C 0.05%〜0.10%,Mn l-25%〜1.65%,S<0.010%,P<0.022%,Si<0.35%,Als>0.015%,Nb 0.025〜0.050%,Ti 0.050〜0.080%氺彡0.0060%,(:11彡0.050%,犯彡0.030%,0彡0.050%,其余为铁和不可避免 的杂质。
[0005] 本发明方法包括冶炼工序、连铸工序、加热工序、热轧工序、层流冷却工序和卷取 工序;所述冶炼工序所得钢水化学成分的重量百分比含量如上所述。
[0006] 本发明方法所述热乳工序:精轧开乳温度1020〜1060°C,终轧温度850〜890°C。 [0007]本发明所述层流冷却工序和卷取工序:采用层冷+空冷+层冷的冷却工艺;前段 层冷的冷却速率为12〜18°C/S;中间段空冷温度670〜700°C,空冷时间2〜4s;后段层冷的 冷却速率为8〜12 °C /S,层冷到500°C及以下进行卷取。
[0008]本发明所述加热工序:铸坯出炉温度为1080〜1120。(:,铸坯在炉停留时间为150〜 220min〇
[0009]采用上述技术方案所产生的有益效果在于:本发明及其方法采用低碳高锰添加 铌、钛微合金的成分体系,合理设计热乳温度制度及冷却策略,采用细晶强化和控制组织相 变细化相变产物等手段,获取优良的铁贝组织,使Q550C钢种在具有较高强度的同时仍能保 证较高的軔性。
附图说明
[0010]下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
[0011]图1是本发明的金相组织图(100X)。
具体实施方式
[0012]下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
[0013]本尚强度结构钢Q55〇C的生成方法包括冶炼工序、连铸工序、加热工序、热乳工序、 层流冷却工序和卷取工序,各工序的工艺为: (1)冶炼工序:转炉冶炼加入铁水和废钢,为了保证终点P含量合格,防止后吹,采用高 拉补吹法进行吹炼,终点出钢前全部采用后搅操作;精炼采用升温、成分调整、钙处理等常 规处理方法,使得精炼结束后成分的重量百分比控制为:C 0.05%〜0.10%,Mn 1.25%〜 1.65%,S<0.010%,P<0.022%,S;K0.35%,Als>0.015%,Nb 0.025〜0.050%,Ti 0.050〜 0 • 080%,N彡0 • 0060%,Cu彡0 • 050%,Ni彡0 • 030%,Cr彡0 • 050%,其余为铁和不可避免的杂质。 [00M] (2)连铸工序:钢水过热度为2〇〜35°C,铸坯拉速为1.4〜1 • 5m/min,中包温度平均 1550〜1560°C,结晶器液面波动稳定控制在±3mm内。
[0015] (3)加热工序:铸坯出炉温度为1080〜1120°C,铸坯在炉停留时间为150〜220min。
[0016] (4)热乳工序:铸坯出炉经高压水除鳞后进入带有立辊的可逆粗乳机组,经5道次 粗乳后进入热卷箱卷取。中间坯出热卷箱经双梁除鳞后,进入七机架热连乳机组进行精乳, 并采用润滑乳制,开乳温度1020〜1060 °C,终轧温度850〜89(TC;采用CVC (Continuously Variable Crown)轧辊,即连续可变凸度轧辊;轧后钢板厚度为1.8〜8mm。
[0017] (5)层流冷却和卷取工序:层冷采用两段冷却工艺,即采用层冷+空冷+层冷的冷 却工艺;前段层冷的冷却策略60%,即冷却速率12〜18°C/S;中间段空冷温度670〜700°C,空 冷时间2〜4s;后段层冷的冷却策略50%,即冷却速率8〜12°C/S,层冷到500°C及以下进行卷 取。
[0018] 实施例1:本高强度结构钢Q550C的生成方法采用下述具体工艺。
[0019] 经转炉冶炼、精炼后,出钢钢水成分的重量百分比为:C 0.084%,Mn 1.37%,S 0.001%,P 0_016%,Si 0_23%,Als 0.041%,Nb 0.032%,Ti 0.075%,N 0.0042%,Cu 0.050%, Ni 0.014%,Cr 0.025%,其余为铁和不可避免的杂质。
[0020] 钢水进行连铸,过热度为30°C,铸坯拉速为1.5m/min,中包温度平均1550°C,结晶 器液面波动稳定控制在±3mm内。铸坯进加热炉加热,出炉温度为1100°C,铸坯在炉停留时 间为2〇Omin。铸坯出炉后进行粗乳和精乳,精乳开轧温度l〇5(TC,终轧温度875°C,乳后钢板 厚度为6 • 0mm。钢板进行冷却;前段层冷的冷却速率13°C/S;中间段空冷温度695°C,空冷时 间3s;后段层冷的冷却速率9 °C /S,冷却到50(TC进行卷取。本实施例所得Q550C钢板的规格 为6.0mm;经检测,其性能指标为:Rm=713Mpa,Rel=645Mpa,A=26%;其金相组织如图1所示,由 铁素体+贝氏体构成,具有优良的铁贝组织。
[0021]实施例2:本高强度结构钢Q550C的生成方法采用下述具体工艺。
[0022] 经转炉冶炼、精炼后,出钢钢水成分的重量百分比为:c 0.072%,Mn 1.25%,S 0.007%,P 0.022%,Si 0.29%,Als 0.015%,Nb 0.043%,Ti 0.050%,N 0.0038%,Cu 0.019%, Ni 0.〇3〇%,Cr 0.030%,其余为铁和不可避免的杂质。
[0023] 钢水进行连铸,过热度为35°C,铸坯拉速为1.45m/min,中包温度平均1550°C,结晶 器液面波动稳定控制在±3mm内。铸坯进加热炉加热,出炉温度为lll〇°C,铸坯在炉停留时 间为150min。铸坯出炉后进行粗乳和精轧,精乳开轧温度l〇6(TC,终轧温度S8(TC,乳后钢板 厚度为4.0mm。钢板进行冷却;前段层冷的冷却速率14°C/S;中间段空冷温度690°C,空冷时 间2s;后段层冷的冷却速率l(TC /S,冷却到450°C进行卷取。本实施例所得Q55〇C钢板的规格 为4 • Oram;经检测,其性能指标为:Rm=733Mpa,Rel=648Mpa,A=18%。
[0024]实施例3:本高强度结构钢Q550C的生成方法采用下述具体工艺。
[0025] 经转炉冶炼、精炼后,出钢钢水成分的重量百分比为:C 0.10%,Mn 1.46%,S 0.010%,P 0.018%,Si 0.32%,Als 0.026%,Nb 0.050%,Ti 0.058%,N 0.0060%,Cu 0.030%, Ni 0.005%,Cr 0.012%,其余为铁和不可避免的杂质。
[0026] 钢水进行连铸,过热度为25°C,铸坯拉速为1.4m/min,中包温度平均1555°C,结晶 器液面波动稳定控制在± 3mm内。铸坯进加热炉加热,出炉温度为1080 °C,铸坯在炉停留时 间为ISOmin。铸坯出炉后进行粗轧和精乳,精轧开乳温度1030°C,终乳温度86(TC,轧后钢板 厚度为1.8111111。钢板进行冷却;前段层冷的冷却速率181:/3;中间段空冷温度6701:,空冷时 间4s;后段层冷的冷却速率1TC/S,冷却到480°C进行卷取^本实施例所得Q550C钢板的规格 为1 • 8mm;经检测,其性能指标为:Rm=760Mpa,Rel=656Mpa,A=19%。
[0027] 实施例4:本高强度结构钢Q550C的生成方法采用下述具体工艺。
[0028] 经转炉冶炼、精炼后,出钢钢水成分的重量百分比为:C 0.063%,Mn 1.65%,S 0.004%,P 0_020%,Si 0.35%,Als 0.045%,Nb 0.025%,Ti 0.066%,N 0.0051%,Cu 0.026%, Ni 0.010%,Cr 0.019%,其余为铁和不可避免的杂质。
[0029] 钢水进行连铸,过热度为27°C,铸坯拉速为1.5m/min,中包温度平均1555°C,结晶 器液面波动稳定控制在±3mm内。铸坯进加热炉加热,出炉温度为1120°C,铸坯在炉停留时 间为170min。铸坯出炉后进行粗轧和精轧,精轧开轧温度l〇2(TC,终轧温度850°C,轧后钢板 厚度为2 • 4mm。钢板进行冷却;前段层冷的冷却速率12°C/S;中间段空冷温度675°C,空冷时 间4s;后段层冷的冷却速率12°C/S,冷却到420°C进行卷取。本实施例所得Q550C钢板的规格 为2.4mm;经检测,其性能指标为:Rra=696Mpa,Rel=605Mpa,A=16%。
[0030] 实施例5:本高强度结构钢Q550C的生成方法采用下述具体工艺。
[0031] 经转炉冶炼、精炼后,出钢钢水成分的重量百分比为:C 0.050%,Mn 1.52%,S 0.006%,P 0.012%,Si 0.17%,Als 0.034%,Nb 0.038%,Ti 0.080%,N 0.0036%,Cu 0.024%, Ni 0.024%,Cr 0.〇5〇%,其余为铁和不可避免的杂质。
[0032]钢水进行连铸,过热度为20°C,铸坯拉速为1.5m/min,中包温度平均156(TC,结晶 器液面波动稳定控制在±3mm内。铸坯进加热炉加热,出炉温度为l〇90°C,铸坯在炉停留时 间为220min。铸坯出炉后进行粗乳和精乳,精乳开乳温度1040°C,终轧温度89(TC,乳后钢板 厚度为8 • Omm。钢板进行冷却;前段层冷的冷却速率16°C/S;中间段空冷温度700。(:,空冷时 间3s;后段层冷的冷却速率S°C/S,冷却到460°C进行卷取。本实施例所得Q550C钢板的规格 为8 • 0_;经检测,其性能指标为:Rm=671Mpa,Rel=606Mpa,A=20%。
Claims (5)
1.一种高强度结构钢Q550C,其特征在于,其化学成分的重量百分含量为:C 〇 . 05%〜 0.10%,Mnl.25%〜1.65%,S<0.010%,P<0.022%,Si<0.35%,Als>0.015%,Nb 0.025〜 0.050%,Ti 0.050〜0.080%小彡0_0060%,(:11彡0.050%,附彡0.030%,0彡0.050%,其余为铁 和不可避免的杂质。
2.—种高强度结构钢Q550C的生产方法,其特征在于:其包括冶炼工序、连铸工序、加热 工序、热乳工序、层流冷却工序和卷取工序;所述冶炼工序所得钢水化学成分的重量百分比 含量:C 0.05%〜0.10%,Mn 1.25%〜1.65%,S彡0.010%,P<0.022%,Si<0.35%,Als> 0.015%,Nb 0.025〜0.050%,Ti 0.050〜0.080,N<0.0060%,Cu$0.050%,Ni<0.030%,Cr< 0.050%,其余为铁和不可避免的杂质。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的高强度结构钢Q550C的生产方法,其特征在于,所述热轧工序: 精轧开轧温度1020〜1060°C,终轧温度850〜890°C。
4. 根据权利要求2所述的高强度结构钢Q550C的生产方法,其特征在于,所述层流冷却 工序和卷取工序:采用层冷+空冷+层冷的冷却工艺;前段层冷的冷却速率为12〜18°C/S; 中间段空冷温度670〜700°C,空冷时间2〜4s;后段层冷的冷却速率为8〜12°C/S,层冷到 50(TC及以下进行卷取。
5. 根据权利要求2、3或4所述的高强度结构钢Q550C的生产方法,其特征在于,所述加热 工序:铸坯出炉温度为1080〜1120°C,铸坯在炉停留时间为150〜220min。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710434395.XA CN107287517A (zh) | 2017-06-09 | 2017-06-09 | 高强度结构钢q550c及其生产方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710434395.XA CN107287517A (zh) | 2017-06-09 | 2017-06-09 | 高强度结构钢q550c及其生产方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN107287517A true CN107287517A (zh) | 2017-10-24 |
Family
ID=60097759
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710434395.XA Pending CN107287517A (zh) | 2017-06-09 | 2017-06-09 | 高强度结构钢q550c及其生产方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN107287517A (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109778076A (zh) * | 2019-02-12 | 2019-05-21 | 唐山不锈钢有限责任公司 | 低裂纹敏感性s550mc热轧汽车结构钢带的生产方法 |
CN109913748A (zh) * | 2019-02-13 | 2019-06-21 | 唐山不锈钢有限责任公司 | 一种低成本热轧复相钢hr900cp及其生产方法 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001342543A (ja) * | 2000-03-30 | 2001-12-14 | Nippon Steel Corp | 穴拡げ性と延性に優れた高強度熱延鋼板及びその製造方法 |
CN101736199A (zh) * | 2008-11-18 | 2010-06-16 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 高强度冷成型焊接结构用热轧带钢及其制造方法 |
CN102791896A (zh) * | 2010-03-10 | 2012-11-21 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | 高强度热轧钢板及其制造方法 |
CN102899561A (zh) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-01-30 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 一种高强度冷成型薄钢板及其制造方法 |
CN103243262A (zh) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-08-14 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | 一种汽车车轮用高强度热轧钢板卷及其制造方法 |
CN106086665A (zh) * | 2016-08-12 | 2016-11-09 | 武汉钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种屈服强度530MPa级热轧汽车用厚钢板及生产方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-06-09 CN CN201710434395.XA patent/CN107287517A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001342543A (ja) * | 2000-03-30 | 2001-12-14 | Nippon Steel Corp | 穴拡げ性と延性に優れた高強度熱延鋼板及びその製造方法 |
CN101736199A (zh) * | 2008-11-18 | 2010-06-16 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 高强度冷成型焊接结构用热轧带钢及其制造方法 |
CN102791896A (zh) * | 2010-03-10 | 2012-11-21 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | 高强度热轧钢板及其制造方法 |
CN102899561A (zh) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-01-30 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 一种高强度冷成型薄钢板及其制造方法 |
CN103243262A (zh) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-08-14 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | 一种汽车车轮用高强度热轧钢板卷及其制造方法 |
CN106086665A (zh) * | 2016-08-12 | 2016-11-09 | 武汉钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种屈服强度530MPa级热轧汽车用厚钢板及生产方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
JOHN G.LENARD: "《板带轧制基础》", 31 August 2015, 东北大学出版社 * |
何人葵等: "《工程材料与热处理》", 31 July 2015, 冶金工业出版社 * |
那宝魁: "《解读质量管理》", 31 August 2006, 冶金工业出版社 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109778076A (zh) * | 2019-02-12 | 2019-05-21 | 唐山不锈钢有限责任公司 | 低裂纹敏感性s550mc热轧汽车结构钢带的生产方法 |
CN109913748A (zh) * | 2019-02-13 | 2019-06-21 | 唐山不锈钢有限责任公司 | 一种低成本热轧复相钢hr900cp及其生产方法 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101560629B (zh) | 一种屈服强度高于800MPa的热轧带钢及其制备方法 | |
CN109371317A (zh) | 一种1000MPa级超快冷冷轧双相钢板及其制备方法 | |
CN104651734B (zh) | 1000MPa级高强度高塑性含铝中锰钢及其制造方法 | |
CN102965574B (zh) | 一种钛微合金化低屈强比高强度热轧厚钢板及其生产工艺 | |
CN103627951B (zh) | 高韧性含硼碳素结构钢板卷及其生产方法 | |
CN102581008A (zh) | 一种生产低成本高成形性if钢的加工方法 | |
CN109082590A (zh) | 一种高强塑性热轧中锰钢板及其临界区轧制制备方法 | |
CN108588550A (zh) | 一种热轧冲压桥壳用钢板及其生产方法 | |
CN103320701A (zh) | 一种铁素体贝氏体先进高强度钢板及其制造方法 | |
CN102703824A (zh) | 屈服强度高于900MPa的非调质态热轧带钢及其制备方法 | |
CN107723602A (zh) | 750MPa级热轧铁素体贝氏体双相钢及其生产方法 | |
CN103305746A (zh) | 一种时效硬化薄带连铸低碳微合金高强钢带制造方法 | |
CN109280857A (zh) | 一种1200MPa级超快冷冷轧双相钢板及其制备方法 | |
CN109898017A (zh) | 1000MPa级冷弯性能优良的冷轧双相钢及生产方法 | |
CN101367093B (zh) | 一种热轧带肋钢筋的控轧控冷工艺 | |
CN107287517A (zh) | 高强度结构钢q550c及其生产方法 | |
CN102943204A (zh) | 屈服强度1100MPa级工程机械用非调质态热轧带钢及制备方法 | |
CN102181619B (zh) | 一种非调质1000MPa级低碳贝氏体型高强度钢板的制造方法 | |
CN102943205A (zh) | 一种抗拉强度580MPa级铁素体贝氏体热轧双相钢及其制备方法 | |
CN101367094B (zh) | 一种热轧带肋钢筋组合控制轧制工艺 | |
CN106756563A (zh) | 抗拉强度800MPa级极薄规格热轧宽带钢及生产方法 | |
CN103305755B (zh) | 一种薄带连铸低碳微合金高强钢带制造方法 | |
CN109338225A (zh) | 一种超快冷工艺生产q690d厚板及制造方法 | |
CN109594014A (zh) | 一种低成本q460c钢板及其制备方法 | |
CN108660395A (zh) | 一种690MPa级低碳中锰高强度中厚板及淬火-动态配分生产工艺制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20171024 |
|
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |