CN107270307B - Small-size smokeless waste incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a small smokeless garbage incinerator, which comprises a furnace body, wherein the top of the furnace body is hinged with a furnace cover, the lower part in the furnace body is fixed with a furnace grid sieve, the furnace grid sieve divides the furnace body into a combustion chamber and an ash collecting chamber from top to bottom, the center of the furnace body is provided with an air inlet pipe, the top end of the air inlet pipe is positioned at the top of the furnace body, the center of the furnace cover is provided with a through hole, the furnace cover is provided with exhaust holes along the circumference, the tail end of the air inlet pipe sequentially penetrates through the bottom of the furnace grid sieve and the bottom of the furnace body and then is connected with an air outlet of an air blower, the air inlet pipe positioned in the combustion chamber is provided with more than four groups of air outlet holes from bottom to top, each group. Compared with the prior art, the garbage is put into the combustion chamber and then is burnt at least three times from bottom to top in the whole burning process, so that toxic substances such as dioxin and the like are effectively inhibited, burnt and decomposed.

Description

A small smokeless waste incinerator

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of waste environmental protection treatment, in particular to a small smokeless waste incinerator.

Background technique

The problem of waste disposal has always been a major environmental issue of worldwide concern. The traditional waste disposal methods mainly include landfill and incineration. Landfill will occupy a lot of valuable land resources and pollute the environment at the same time, so this simple treatment method is basically no longer used. Compared with landfill treatment, waste incineration is a better treatment method. The volume is greatly reduced, and at the same time, the heat generated by incineration can be used to generate electricity and supply heat to achieve the purpose of energy reuse. Therefore, incineration technology has become a widely used waste treatment technology at home and abroad.

Most of the waste incinerators in use today are relatively large in size, occupy a large area, and are inconvenient for transportation and handling, and after combustion, toxic substances such as dioxins will flow directly to the outside world, affecting the environment, and because the combustion temperature of the waste incinerator cannot be controlled. Insufficient incineration of waste results in a large amount of solid particles in the high-temperature flue gas after combustion.

Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a waste incinerator to overcome or at least alleviate the above-mentioned drawbacks.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a small smokeless waste incinerator.

To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented according to the following technical solutions:

A small smokeless waste incinerator comprises a cylindrical furnace body with an open top, a furnace cover is hingedly connected to the top of the furnace body, a furnace grid screen is fixed at the lower part of the furnace body, and the furnace body is divided from top to bottom by the furnace grid screen. The combustion chamber and the ash collection chamber, the center of the furnace body is provided with an air intake pipe, the top of the air intake pipe is located at the top of the furnace body, the center of the furnace cover is provided with a through hole for the top of the air intake pipe to pass through, and the furnace cover is provided with Several exhaust holes, the end of the air intake pipe penetrates the furnace grid screen and the bottom of the furnace body in turn and is connected with the air outlet of the blower arranged outside the furnace body, and the air intake pipe located in the combustion chamber is provided with more than four groups of air outlets from bottom to top There is a space between each group of air outlet holes, and each group of air outlet holes includes at least one ring of small holes opened along the circumference of the air inlet pipe, and the inner wall of the furnace is radially provided with the lowest group of air outlet holes Corresponding fuel injection nozzle, one end of the fuel injection nozzle is connected to the oil outlet of the oil pump through the oil delivery pipe, and the oil inlet of the oil pump is connected to the fuel tank provided outside the furnace. In this scheme, after the waste enters the combustion chamber, the bottom group of air outlets provides air for waste incineration. The air from each group of air outlets is just perpendicular to the furnace wall of the combustion chamber. The air curtain with pressure is formed. First, a combustion occurs with the fuel at the bottom group of air outlets. Counting from bottom to top, a primary combustion chamber is formed between the bottom group of air outlets and the penultimate group of air outlets. A secondary combustion chamber is formed between the penultimate group of air outlets and the penultimate third group of air outlets, a tertiary combustion chamber is formed between the penultimate third group of air outlets and the penultimate fourth group of air outlets, and the penultimate group of air outlets forms a tertiary combustion chamber. The wind coming out of the air holes forms a pressurized air curtain, which presses the fire of the garbage burning in the primary combustion chamber and incinerates it, and the black smoke that rises up enters the secondary combustion chamber. The curtain presses the fire and black smoke in the secondary combustion chamber for burning, and the black smoke rising upward enters the tertiary combustion chamber, and the wind from the fourth-to-last group of air outlets forms a pressurized air curtain to press the fire and black smoke three times. Incineration in the combustion chamber. After the garbage enters the combustion chamber, the entire incineration process occurs at least three times from the bottom to the top. The combustion of the garbage is more thorough. Finally, only a small amount of flue gas is discharged from the exhaust hole on the furnace cover, and the top layer of the furnace body is kept at a constant temperature. 1200℃～1250℃, effectively inhibit and burn and decompose toxic substances such as dioxin.

In addition, in this solution, in order to facilitate cleaning of the ash in the ash-collecting chamber, a ash-cleaning door is provided on the side wall of the ash-collecting chamber.

In addition, in this solution, the furnace wall of the combustion chamber is composed of an insulating layer, an insulating layer and a protective mesh from the inside to the outside.

In addition, in this solution, in order to improve the combustion efficiency of the waste in the primary combustion chamber and to burn more fully, the number of the fuel injection nozzles is set to three, and the angle between adjacent fuel injection nozzles is 120 degrees.

In addition, in this solution, in order to prevent the air intake pipe from loosening, a bracket for fixing the air intake pipe is provided in the ash collecting chamber.

In addition, in this solution, in order to facilitate the opening and closing of the furnace cover more conveniently, the furnace cover is hingedly connected to the top of the furnace body through a rotating shaft, and one end of the rotating shaft is connected with a driven gear. A driving gear is fixed on the output shaft of the gear, and the driving gear and the driven gear are connected by a chain.

In addition, in this solution, the outside of the furnace body is also provided with a controller for controlling the start and stop of the oil pump, the blower and the turning motor, the controller is provided with a display screen, and the switch buttons of the oil pump, the blower and the turning motor are integrated into one on the controller for easy control.

In addition, in this solution, in order to facilitate real-time viewing of the combustion temperature in the furnace body, a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature in the furnace body is provided on the inner side of the furnace wall at the top of the combustion chamber, and the temperature sensor is connected to the controller for sending the detected temperature to the controller. In this way, the temperature in the furnace can be viewed in real time on the display screen connected to the controller.

In addition, in this scheme, in order to facilitate the throwing of garbage to be incinerated into the furnace body, a feeding table is also fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the furnace, and the feeding table is provided with a climbing ladder, and the climbing ladder can make it easy for people to go up to the feeding table. The controller is fixed on the charging table, and the furnace body and the charging table form a whole, which is convenient for moving and transporting the whole furnace body.

In addition, in this solution, the turning motor is fixed on the outer wall of the furnace or on the feeding table.

Compared with the prior art, in the small smokeless waste incinerator of the present invention, after the waste is put into the combustion chamber, the entire incineration process occurs at least three times from bottom to top, the combustion of the waste is more thorough, and it is basically smokeless. The top layer of the body is kept at a constant temperature of 1200℃～1250℃, which can effectively inhibit and burn and decompose toxic substances such as dioxins.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic half-section view of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic half-section view of the other side of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the mechanism of the air intake pipe of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, a small smokeless waste incinerator in this embodiment includes a cylindrical furnace body 1 with an open top, and a furnace cover 2 is hingedly connected to the top of the furnace body 1. The furnace body 1. A furnace grid screen 11 is fixed in the lower part. The furnace grid screen 11 is used to screen the ash after combustion. The furnace grid screen 11 divides the furnace body into a combustion chamber 101 and an ash collecting chamber 102 from top to bottom. The furnace body 1 The center is provided with an air intake pipe 6, the top of the air intake pipe 6 is located at the top of the furnace body 1, the center of the furnace cover 2 is provided with a through hole 4 for the top of the air intake pipe 6 to pass through, and the top of the air intake pipe 6 passes through the through hole 4 after the furnace cover 2 is closed. , used to discharge excess air into the furnace body 1, the furnace cover 2 is provided with a number of exhaust holes 3 along the circumference, and the end of the air intake pipe 6 sequentially penetrates the furnace grid screen 11 and the bottom of the furnace body 1 and is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 1. The air outlet of the blower 7 outside the furnace body 1 is connected, and the air intake pipe 6 located in the combustion chamber is provided with more than four groups of air outlet holes 61 from bottom to top (this embodiment takes the setting of four groups of air outlet holes 61 as an example, of course, it is also possible to Set more groups of air outlet holes 61) as required, and there are intervals between each group of air outlet holes 61. Each group of air outlet holes 61 at least includes a circle of small holes opened along the circumference of the air intake pipe. Of course, it can be customized as required. To set the number of small holes of each group of air outlet holes 61, the inner wall of the furnace body 1 is radially provided with fuel injectors 17 corresponding to the lowest group of air outlet holes, in order to improve the combustion efficiency of garbage in the combustion chamber and For more complete combustion, the number of said fuel injection nozzles is set to three, and the angle between adjacent fuel injection nozzles is 120 degrees. The oil inlet is connected to the fuel tank 15 provided outside the furnace body 1 .

In this embodiment, according to the different types of garbage to be incinerated, the air outlet holes on the air intake pipe 6 are set differently. Taking the incineration of domestic garbage as an example, as shown in FIG. 4 groups of air outlet holes 61, the bottom group of air outlet holes including three circles of small holes are respectively denoted as 6101, 6102, 6103, the bottom second group of air outlet holes including two circles of small holes are respectively denoted as 6104, 6105, the bottom countdown The third group of air outlet holes includes two circles of holes, which are marked as 6106 and 6107 respectively. The fourth group from the bottom includes four circles of holes, which are marked as 6108, 6109, 6110, and 6111. After the domestic waste is ignited, it enters the combustion chamber 101. , the air from each group of air outlet holes 61 is just perpendicular to the furnace wall of the combustion chamber 101, so each group of air outlet holes will form a pressure air curtain, and the 6101, 6102, 6103 circles of small holes provide air for domestic waste incineration , Counting from bottom to top, a primary combustion chamber is formed between the bottom group of air outlets and the penultimate group of air outlets, and a secondary combustion chamber is formed between the penultimate group of air outlets and the penultimate third group of air outlets , the third-to-last group of air outlets and the fourth-to-last group of air outlets form a tertiary combustion chamber, and the wind from the 6104th and 6105th circles of small holes forms a pressurized air curtain to press the fire of domestic waste burning in the primary combustion chamber Incineration, the black smoke rising up enters the secondary combustion chamber, the wind coming out of the 6106th and 6107th circles forms a pressurized air curtain to press the fire and black smoke in the secondary combustion chamber for burning, and then the black smoke rising upwards Entering the tertiary combustion chamber, the wind coming out of the 6108th, 6109th, 6110th, 6111th circles of small holes forms a pressurized air curtain to press the fire and black smoke in the tertiary combustion chamber for incineration. After the garbage enters the combustion chamber, the entire incineration process is at least Three times of combustion occurs, the combustion of garbage is more thorough, and finally only a small amount of flue gas is discharged from the exhaust hole on the furnace cover, and the constant temperature of the top layer of the furnace body is maintained at 1200 ° C ~ 1250 ° C, effectively inhibiting and burning and decomposing dioxin and other toxic substances .

In addition, in this embodiment, in order to facilitate cleaning of the ash in the ash collecting chamber 102 , the side wall of the ash collecting chamber 102 is provided with a ash cleaning door 5 . When the ash in the ash collecting chamber 102 is full, the ash cleaning door 5 can be opened to remove the ash.

In addition, in this embodiment, the furnace wall of the combustion chamber 101 is composed of an insulating layer 1011, an insulating layer 1012 and a protective net 1013 from the inside to the outside. Improves acidification combustion.

In addition, in this solution, in order to prevent the air intake pipe 6 from loosening, the ash collecting chamber 102 is provided with a bracket 12 for fixing the air intake pipe 6 .

Embodiment 2

As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the furnace cover 2 is hingedly connected to the top of the furnace body 1 through a rotating shaft 13, and one end of the rotating shaft 13 is connected with a driven gear (Fig. (not shown in the figure), the furnace body 1 is provided with a turning motor 17, and a driving gear (not shown in the figure) is fixed on the output shaft of the turning motor 17, and the driving gear and the driven gear are connected by a chain 14. For example, by turning on the turning motor 17 and making it rotate forward, the furnace cover 2 can be opened by driving the rotating shaft to rotate forwardly through the transmission of the driving gear, the chain and the driven gear, and the turning motor 17 can be turned over to drive the rotating shaft to reverse and close the furnace. The cover 2 can be opened and closed more conveniently by reducing the manual operation of the person.

In addition, in this embodiment, the outside of the furnace body 1 is also provided with a controller 10 for controlling the start and stop of the oil pump 16, the blower 7 and the turning motor 17. The controller 10 can also use a single-chip microcomputer commonly used in the prior art. The controller 10 is provided with a display screen (not shown in the figure), and the switch buttons of the oil pump 16, the blower 7 and the turning motor 17 are integrated into one controller 10, which is convenient for manipulation. temperature, the inside of the furnace wall at the top of the combustion chamber 101 is provided with a temperature sensor 18 for detecting the temperature in the furnace body 1, and the temperature sensor 18 is connected with the controller 10 to send the detected temperature signal to the controller 10, so that the The temperature in the furnace body 1 is checked in real time on the display screen connected to the controller 10 .

Embodiment 3

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 is that a feeding table 8 is also fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the furnace body 1, and the feeding table 8 is provided with a climbing ladder 9 , the climbing ladder 9 can make it easy for people to go up to the feeding table 8 so as to facilitate the throwing of the garbage that needs to be incinerated into the furnace body 1, and the controller 10 is fixed on the feeding table 8 so that the user can easily control the 10 in time after throwing in the garbage. The whole system is controlled, and the furnace body 1 and the charging table 8 are formed as a whole, which is also convenient for moving and transporting the whole furnace body.

In addition, in this embodiment, the turning motor 17 is fixed on the outer wall of the furnace body 1 or the feeding table 8 .

The working principle of the invention: when using, first open the furnace cover, start the blower, then start the oil pump, ignite the ignition material (such as dipped in cloth strips), and then put it into the combustion chamber of the furnace body, and then put it into the furnace body. Domestic garbage or livestock garbage, after the garbage enters the combustion chamber, the bottom group of air outlets provides air for garbage incineration. The air holes will form a pressurized air curtain. First, a combustion occurs with the fuel at the bottom group of air holes. Counting from the bottom to the top, the bottom group of air holes and the penultimate group of air holes form once. Combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber is formed between the penultimate group of air outlets and the penultimate group of air outlets, and a tertiary combustion chamber is formed between the penultimate group of air outlets and the penultimate group of air outlets, and the penultimate group of air outlets forms a tertiary combustion chamber. The wind from the second group of air outlets forms a pressurized air curtain, which presses the fire of the garbage burning in the primary combustion chamber, and the black smoke that rises up enters the secondary combustion chamber. The wind from the third group of air outlets from the bottom forms a The pressure air curtain presses the fire and black smoke in the secondary combustion chamber and burns, and the black smoke rising upward enters the tertiary combustion chamber. Pressed in the third combustion chamber for incineration, after the garbage enters the combustion chamber, the entire incineration process occurs at least three times from the bottom to the top, and the combustion of the garbage is more thorough. The constant temperature is maintained at 1200℃～1250℃, which effectively inhibits and decomposes toxic substances such as dioxin by combustion.

The small smokeless waste incinerator of the present invention is used to conduct the waste incineration test. The estimated incineration capacity is:

0.24㎡X250000Kcal/㎡hr÷7000Kcal/㎏X0.95＝9.0㎏/hr,

The calorific value of polymer system is 7000Kcal,

Combustion efficiency 70.0%,

Burning capacity 240,

Compound heat 250000Kcal.

Calculation of its exhaust emission is 250000KcalX(273+850)÷273=1028388/h=285.663/sec; the stay time is 730÷285.633=2.55sec.

In summary, the incineration capacity of the present invention is: usually 45kg/hour (general domestic waste) ※There are differences in the type, composition and shape of the waste;

12kg/hour (plastic type) ※Depending on the type, composition and shape of the polymer system, there are differences.

The technical solutions of the present invention are not limited to the limitations of the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and all technical modifications made according to the technical solutions of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of small-sized smokeless waste incinerator, the tubular furnace body including top end opening, furnace body top, which is hinged, is connected to bell, special Sign is: lower part is fixed with burner hearth diagrid in the furnace body, and furnace body is from top to bottom divided into combustion chamber sum aggregate ash by burner hearth diagrid Room, the furnace body center are equipped with air inlet pipe, and air inlet pipe top is located at the top of furnace body, and the bell center is offered for air inlet pipe The through-hole that top passes through, the bell circumferentially offer several gas vents, and the end of the air inlet pipe sequentially passes through burner hearth lattice It is connect after sieve and bottom of furnace body with the gas outlet for the air blower being arranged in outside furnace body, is located at and burns indoor air inlet pipe from the bottom to top More than four groups of exhaust vent is offered, there is interval between every group of exhaust vent, every group of exhaust vent includes at least a circle along air inlet The aperture that pipe circumference opens up, exactly perpendicular to combustion chamber furnace wall, every group of exhaust vent will form the wind that every group of exhaust vent comes out The air curtain of pressure, the inboard wall of furnace body are radially equipped with atomizer corresponding with one group of exhaust vent of bottom, the atomizer one End connects the oil outlet of oil pump, the fuel tank outside the oil inlet connection setting furnace body of the oil pump, the interior top of furnace body by petroleum pipeline Layer constant temperature is maintained at 1200 DEG C~1250 DEG C；By being hinged at the top of shaft and furnace body, one end of shaft is connected with the bell Driven gear, the furnace body are externally provided with overturning motor, overturn and are fixed with driving gear on the output shaft of motor, the driving gear It is connect with driven gear by chain；It is additionally provided with outside the furnace body for control oil pump, air blower and overturning motor start and stop Controller, the controller are equipped with display screen；It is equipped on the inside of the furnace wall of the top of combustion chamber for detecting furnace body temperature Temperature sensor, temperature sensor are connect for sending the temperature signal detected to controller with controller.

2. small-sized smokeless waste incinerator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the side wall of the dust collection chamber is equipped with clear Ash door.

3. small-sized smokeless waste incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the furnace wall of the combustion chamber by It is interior to being made of outside insulating layer, thermal insulation layer and catch net.

4. small-sized smokeless waste incinerator according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the atomizer is set as three, Angle between adjacent atomizer is 120 degree.

5. small-sized smokeless waste incinerator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: be equipped in the dust collection chamber for solid Determine the bracket of air inlet pipe.

6. small-sized smokeless waste incinerator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: side is additionally provided with outside the furnace body Material-feeding platform, material-feeding platform are equipped with ladder, and the controller is fixed on material-feeding platform.

7. small-sized smokeless waste incinerator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the overturning motor is fixed on furnace body On outer wall or material-feeding platform.