CN107266071A - 电介质陶瓷组合物及叠层陶瓷电容器 - Google Patents

电介质陶瓷组合物及叠层陶瓷电容器 Download PDF

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CN107266071A
CN107266071A CN201710193148.5A CN201710193148A CN107266071A CN 107266071 A CN107266071 A CN 107266071A CN 201710193148 A CN201710193148 A CN 201710193148A CN 107266071 A CN107266071 A CN 107266071A
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moles
accessory ingredient
content
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oxide
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CN107266071B (zh
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樱井弹
森崎信人
石井辰也
有泉琢磨
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TDK Corp
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Abstract

本发明的目的在于提供一种即使在高的电场强度下也特性良好,尤其是IR特性及高温负载寿命良好的电介质陶瓷组合物。本发明的电介质陶瓷组合物的特征在于,包含:由组成式(Ba1‑x‑ ySrxCay)m(Ti1‑ZZrZ)O3(m、x、y、z全部表示摩尔比,且分别满足0.94≤m≤1.1,0≤x≤0.2,0≤y≤0.2,0.06≤z<0.2)构成的主成分;由稀土元素R的氧化物构成的第一副成分;由Mg的氧化物构成的第二副成分;由选自Mn、Cr、Co及Fe的至少一种元素M的氧化物构成的第三副成分和作为烧结助剂的第四副成分,相对于上述主成分100mol,第一副成分的换算成氧化物的含量R为8~20mol,第二副成分的换算为氧化物的含量M为3~15mol,第三副成分的换算为氧化物的含量N为0.6~2.0mol,且1.0≤R/(M+N)≤2.4。

Description

电介质陶瓷组合物及叠层陶瓷电容器
技术领域
本发明涉及电介质陶瓷组合物以及包含由该电介质陶瓷组合物构成的电介质层的叠层陶瓷电容器,特别是涉及IR特性以及高温负载寿命良好的电介质陶瓷组合物。
背景技术
近年来,随着伴随电子电路的高密度化对电子部件小型化的要求提高,并且层叠陶瓷电容器的小型/大容量化快速发展,从而用途也有所扩大并且要求的特性多种多样。
例如,以较高的额定电压(例如100V以上)使用的中高压用电容器可适用于ECM(发动机电子计算机模块,engine electric computermodule)、燃料喷射装置、电子控制节流阀、变频器(inverter)、转换器(converter)、高强度放电(HID)前照灯组合件、混合动力引擎的电池控制单元、数字静物摄影机等设备。
在如上所述的以较高的额定电压使用的情况下,虽然是在较高的电场强度下使用,但如果电场强度变高,则相对介电常数或绝缘电阻降低,其结果,存在使用环境下的有效容量或可靠性降低的问题。
但是,专利文献1中公开有一种电介质陶瓷组合物,其组成式以100BaTiO3+aRE2O3+bMnO+cMgO表示,且a、b及c及它们的比等处于特定的范围。记载了根据该电介质陶瓷组合物,在非还原性下,可以使相对介电常数、绝缘性、容量温度变化率、损耗角正切(dissipationfactor)等特性良好。
但是,在专利文献1中,对于直流电压施加等的较高的电场强度下的特性或可靠性没有任何记载,这些特性是否良好并不明确。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开平8-31232号公报
发明内容
发明想要解决的技术问题
鉴于这种实际情况,本发明的目的在于,提供一种即使在高的电场强度下也具有良好的特性,尤其是IR特性及高温负载寿命良好电介质陶瓷组合物。本发明的另一目的在于,提供一种具有由该电介质陶瓷组合物构成的电介质层的叠层陶瓷电容器。
用于解决技术问题的手段
为了达成上述目的,本发明所涉及的电介质陶瓷组合物特征在于:
包含:
由以组成式(Ba1-x-ySrxCay)m(Ti1-ZZrZ)O3表示的钙钛矿型化合物(其中,所述m、x、y、z全部表示摩尔比,且分别满足0.94≤m≤1.1,0≤x≤0.2,0≤y≤0.2,0.06≤z<0.2)构成的主成分;
由稀土元素R的氧化物(其中,R为选自Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb及Lu的至少一种)构成的第一副成分;
由Mg的氧化物构成的第二副成分;
由选自Mn、Cr、Co及Fe的至少一种元素M的氧化物构成的第三副成分;和
作为烧结助剂的第四副成分,
相对于所述主成分100摩尔,第一副成分的换算为氧化物(RO3/2)的比率为8~20摩尔,第二副成分的换算为氧化物(MgO)的比率为3~15摩尔,第三副成分的换算为氧化物(MO)的比率为0.6~2.0摩尔,
相对于所述主成分100摩尔,在将第一副成分的含量设为R摩尔、第二副成分的含量设为M摩尔、第三副成分的含量设为N摩尔时,1.0≤R/(M+N)≤2.4。
在本发明优选的方式中,优选上述主成分的组成式中的m为0.95≤m<0.99,优选z为0.1≤z≤0.15。
本发明另一优选的方式中,优选相对于上述主成分100摩尔,第一副成分的换算为氧化物的比率为11~20摩尔,第二副成分的换算为氧化物的比率为6~10摩尔,第三副成分的换算为氧化物的比率为1.0~2.0摩尔。另外,还优选相对于所述主成分100摩尔的第一副成分的含量R摩尔、第二副成分的含量M摩尔和第三副成分的含量N摩尔满足1.6≤R/(M+N)≤2.2。
优选相对于上述主成分100摩尔以换算为氧化物为2.5摩尔以上的比率来使用作为烧结助剂的第四副成分。
作为本发明的电子部件,只要包含上述电介质陶瓷组合物就没有特别限定,可例示:叠层陶瓷电容器、压电元件、片式电感器、片式压敏电阻器、片式热敏电阻器、片式电阻、其它表面贴装(SMD)片式电子部件。叠层陶瓷电容器具有包含本发明的电介质陶瓷组合物的电介质层和内部电极层。
发明的效果
根据本发明,通过将各成分的含量设为上述的范围内,可以得到尤其是IR特性及高温负载寿命特别良好的电介质陶瓷组合物。特别是通过将主成分的组成及副成分的含量设为特定的范围,可以良好地维持相对介电常数等基本特性,而且提高IR特性及高温负载寿命。
附图说明
图1是本发明一个实施方式的叠层陶瓷电容器的截面图;
图2表示实施例中的试样25~39的高温负载寿命(MTTF)与比值R/(M+N)之间的关系;
图3表示实施例中的试样25~39的IR特性与比值R/(M+N)之间的关系。
符号说明
1…叠层陶瓷电容器
2…电介质层
3…内部电极层
4…外部电极
10…电容器元件主体
具体实施方式
以下,基于附图所示的实施方式说明本发明。
叠层陶瓷电容器1
如图1所示,作为陶瓷电子部件的非限制性的一个例子的叠层陶瓷电容器1具有电介质层2和内部电极层3交替叠层的结构的电容器元件主体10。内部电极层3以各端面在电容器元件主体10的相对的两个端部的表面上交替露出的方式叠层。一对外部电极4形成于电容器元件主体10的两端部,并与交替配置的内部电极层3的露出端面连接,从而构成电容器电路。
电容器元件主体10的形状没有特别限制,如图1所示,通常设为长方体状。另外,其尺寸也没有特别限制,只要根据用途做成适当的尺寸即可。
电介质层2
电介质层2由本实施方式的电介质陶瓷组合物构成。电介质陶瓷组合物含有作为主成分的钙钛矿型(ABO3型)钛酸钡系复合氧化物和后述第一副成分~第四副成分。
主成分为以组成式(Ba1-x-ySrxCay)m(Ti1-ZZrZ)O3表示的钙钛矿型化合物。在此,m、x、y、z全部表示摩尔比。
组成式中的m表示A/B比,0.94≤m≤1.1,优选为0.95≤m<0.99。另外,其它优选的方式中,m也可以为0.94≤m≤0.95,也可以为0.99≤m≤1.1。主成分的m值过小时,由于烧结过多(异常晶粒生长),IR特性变低,m值过大时,有时高温负载寿命会降低。
组成式中的x表示A位上的Sr的比例,为0≤x≤0.2,优选为0≤x≤0.1,进一步优选为0≤x≤0.02,也可以为0。
组成式中的y表示A位上的Ca的比例,为0≤y≤0.2,优选为0≤x≤0.1,进一步优选为0≤x≤0.02,也可以为0。
另外,(x+y)优选为0≤(x+y)≤0.2,进一步优选为0≤(x+y)≤0.04,也可以为0。
A位上的Sr、Ca的比例过大时,有时高温负载寿命会降低。
组成式中的z表示B位上的Zr的比例,为0.06≤z<0.2,优选为0.1≤z≤0.15。另外,其它优选的方式中,z也可以为0.06≤z≤0.1,也可以为0.15≤z<0.2。通过利用Zr置换B位,能带隙变高,可提高电阻。另一方面,如果Zr过剩,会妨碍作为第一副成分的稀土元素向主成分中的固溶,高温负载寿命有变低的倾向。
电介质陶瓷组合物中作为第一副成分含有稀土元素R的氧化物。在此,稀土元素是选自Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb及Lu的至少一种,优选为选自Y、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho及Yb中的至少一种。此外,稀土元素的氧化物也可以并用两种以上。
稀土元素R的氧化物可以以相对于上述主成分100摩尔为8~20摩尔,优选以11~20摩尔的比率使用。另外,其它优选的方式中,也可以为8.0~11摩尔。此外,稀土元素的氧化物通常以R2O3表示,但本实施方式中的以换算为氧化物的比率表示基于RO3/2的摩尔数。理论上没有任何限制,但考虑稀土元素R的一部分置换到A位,而作为释放电子的施主发挥作用。认为释放的电子捕获氧缺陷,因此,抑制高温负载寿命试验中的氧缺陷的移动,有助于高温负载寿命的改善。如果第一副成分的含量过少,则不能抑制氧缺陷的移动,有时高温负载寿命会变低。如果第一副成分的含量过剩,有时IR特性会降低。
电介质陶瓷组合物中含有Mg的氧化物作为第二副成分。第二副成分以相对于上述主成分100摩尔,换算为氧化物(MgO)为3~15摩尔,优选为6~10摩尔的比率来使用。另外,其它优选的方式中,也可以是3~6摩尔,也可以是10~15摩尔。如果第二副成分的含量过少,则IR特性变低,如果第二副成分的含量过剩,则有时高温负载寿命会降低。
电介质陶瓷组合物中含有选自Mn、Cr、Co及Fe的至少一种元素M的氧化物作为第三副成分,优选含有MnO、CrO,特别优选含有MnO。此外,Mn、Cr、Co及Fe的氧化物也可以并用两种以上。第三副成分以相对于上述主成分100摩尔,换算为氧化物(MO)为0.6~2.0摩尔、优选为1.0~2.0摩尔的比率来使用。另外,其它优选的方式中,也可以是0.6~1.0摩尔。第三副成分的含量过大或者过小,IR特性都有可能变差。此外,第三副成分的换算为氧化物的比率表示基于MnO、CrO、CoO、FeO的摩尔数。
理论上没有任何限制,但认为第二副成分及第三副成分中所含的金属元素的一部分置换到B位而作为接收电子的受主发挥作用,且有助于IR特性的改善。
另外,本发明的电介质陶瓷组合物中,相对于上述主成分100摩尔,在将第一副成分的含量设为R摩尔,将第二副成分的含量设为M摩尔,将第三副成分的含量设为N摩尔时,满足1.0≤R/(M+N)≤2.4,优选满足1.6≤R/(M+N)≤2.2。如果R/(M+N)过高,高温负载寿命得到改善,但IR特性有降低的倾向;且如果比值R/(M+N)过低,则得到较高的IR特性,但高温负载寿命有降低的倾向。因此,通过第一副成分~第三副成分的含量及比率处于上述范围或优选的范围,平衡良好地改善IR特性及高温负载寿命。另外,其它优选的方式中,也可以为1.0≤R/(M+N)≤1.6,也可以为2.2≤R/(M+N)≤2.4。
电介质陶瓷组合物中还含有烧结助剂作为第四副成分。烧结助剂只要有助于上述主成分及第一~第三副成分的烧结就没有特别限定,通常优选使用Si、Li、Al、Ge及B的氧化物。烧结助剂的含量优选相对于主成分100摩尔,以SiO2、LiO1/2、AlO3/2、GeO2或BO3/2换算为2.0摩尔以上,进一步优选为2.5摩尔以上,更优选为2.5~8.2摩尔。通过第四副成分的含量处于该范围内,有绝缘电阻及高温负载寿命提高的倾向。如果烧结助剂的含量过多,高温负载寿命有变差的倾向。相反,如果过少,则有烧结性降低的倾向。另外,其它优选的方式中,也可以为超过0摩尔且小于2.5摩尔。
作为第四副成分,从上述各氧化物中特别是特性的改善效果大的观点出发,优选使用Si的氧化物。作为含有Si的氧化物,没有特别限制,也可以是SiO2单独的形式,也可以是Si与其它元素例如碱金属元素或碱土金属元素的复合氧化物的形式。本实施方式中,作为含有Si的氧化物,优选为SiO2
通过将主成分的组成及副成分的含量设为上述的范围内,可以得到IR特性及高温负载寿命特别良好的电介质陶瓷组合物。特别是通过将主成分的组成及副成分的含量设为特定的范围,可以良好地维持相对介电常数等的基本特性,而且可以提高IR特性及高温负载寿命。
本实施方式的电介质陶瓷组合物也可以根据所期望的特性,进一步含有其它的成分。电介质陶瓷组合物的组成可以通过电感耦合等离子(ICP)发光分光分析法进行确认。
电介质层2的厚度没有特别限制,但优选每一层为0.5~20μm左右。电介质层2由含有上述电介质陶瓷组合物的电介质颗粒构成。电介质颗粒的平均粒径(圆当量直径)优选为在0.2~3.0μm,进一步优选在0.5~1.0μm的范围。电介质颗粒的平均粒径可以通过图像处理软件等对电介质层截面的显微镜照片进行处理来算出。首先,将电容器元件主体10以垂直于电介质层2及内部电极层3的叠层方向的面进行切断。进行电介质层截面的化学蚀刻,在任意选择的200个以上的电介质颗粒中,算出电介质颗粒的面积。根据该面积算出颗粒的圆当量直径,而得到电介质颗粒的平均粒径。
电介质层2的叠层数没有特别限定,但优选为20以上,更优选为50以上,特别优选为100以上。叠层数的上限没有特别限定,例如为2000左右。
内部电极层3
内部电极层3中含有的导电材料没有特别限定,但由于构成电介质层2的材料具有耐还原性,因此可以使用比较廉价的贱金属。作为用作导电材料的贱金属,优选为Ni或Ni合金。作为Ni合金,优选为选自Mn、Cr、Co及Al的一种以上的元素和Ni的合金,合金中的Ni含量优选为95质量%以上。此外,Ni或Ni合金中,也可以含有0.1质量%左右以下的P等各种微量成分。内部电极层3的厚度只要根据用途等适宜决定即可,但通常优选为0.1~3μm左右。
外部电极4
外部电极4中含有的导电材料没有特别限定,本发明中可以使用廉价的Ni、Cu或它们的合金。外部电极4的厚度可以根据用途等适宜决定,但通常优选为10~50μm左右。
叠层陶瓷电容器1的制造方法
本实施方式的叠层陶瓷电容器1与现有的叠层陶瓷电容器一样,通过使用了膏体的通常的印刷法或片材法制作生坯芯片,并将其烧成,印刷或转印外部电极并通过烧成而制造。以下,针对制造方法说明非限制性的具体例。
首先,准备用于形成电介质层的电介质原料,将其涂料化,并制备电介质层用膏体。
(原料)
作为电介质原料,准备主成分的原料和各副成分的原料。作为这些原料,可以使用上述的成分的氧化物或其混合物、复合氧化物。另外,也可以从通过烧成而成为上述的氧化物或复合氧化物的各种化合物、例如碳酸盐、草酸盐、硝酸盐、氢氧化物、有机金属化合物等中适宜选择并混合使用。
主成分的原料除了所谓的固相法以外,也可以使用通过各种液相法(例如,草酸盐法、水热合成法、醇盐法、溶胶-凝胶法等)制造的材料等通过各种方法制造的材料。
另外,在电介质层中含有上述的主成分及副成分以外的成分的情况下,作为该成分的原料,与上述一样,可以使用这些成分的氧化物或其混合物、复合氧化物。另外,除此以外,可以使用通过烧成而成为上述的氧化物或复合氧化物的各种化合物。电介质原料中的各化合物的含量只要以在烧成后成为上述的电介质陶瓷组合物的组成的方式确定即可。
(电介质原料的制备)
为了制备电介质原料,将各成分原料充分混合,得到混合粉末,将该粉末进行热处理(煅烧),得到煅烧原料。原料的混合没有特别限定,通过湿式法充分混合20小时左右,然后进行干燥。
煅烧条件没有特别限定,煅烧温度为900~1350℃,优选为1000~1350℃,至煅烧温度的升温速度为10℃/小时~2000℃/小时左右,进一步优选为10℃/小时~200℃/小时,更优选为20℃/小时~150℃/小时,保持时间优选为1~10小时,更优选为2~7小时,煅烧温度下的经过保持时间后的降温速度为200℃/小时以上,优选为300℃/小时以上,更优选为400℃/小时以上。
这样得到的煅烧原料(反应后原料)根据需要进行粉碎。然后,根据需要,将煅烧原料和追加的原料成分进行混合,得到电介质原料。此外,在煅烧中,有时一部分成分会挥发,且组成变动,因此,向煅烧原料中的添加成分可以以在烧成后成为期望的组成的方式来决定。
另外,也可以仅将主成分原料进行预先煅烧,然后添加混合副成分,并进一步进行煅烧,得到电介质原料。此时的煅烧条件等与上述相同。
(生坯芯片的制备)
接着,将电介质原料涂料化,调制电介质层用膏体。电介质层用膏体也可以是将电介质原料和有机载体进行混炼后的有机系涂料,也可以是水系涂料。
有机载体是将粘合剂溶解于有机溶剂中得到的载体。有机载体中使用的粘合剂没有特别限定,可以从乙基纤维素、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛等通常的各种粘合剂中适当选择。使用的有机溶剂也没有特别限定,可以根据印刷法或片材法等所利用的方法,从萜品醇、丁基卡必醇、丙酮、甲苯等各种有机溶剂中适当选择。
另外,在将电介质层用膏体做成水系涂料的情况下,只要将水溶性的粘合剂或分散剂等溶解于水中得到的水系载体与电介质原料混炼即可。用于水系载体的水溶性粘合剂没有特别限定,例如可以使用聚乙烯醇、纤维素、水溶性丙烯酸树脂等。
内部电极层用膏体通过将由上述的各种导电性金属或合金构成的导电材料、或烧成后成为上述的导电材料的各种氧化物、有机金属化合物、树脂酸盐等、与上述的有机载体进行混炼来制备。另外,也可以在内部电极层用膏体中含有共同材料。作为共同材料,没有特别限制,但优选具有与主成分相同的组成。
外部电极用膏体只要与上述的内部电极层用膏体同样地制备即可。
上述的各膏体中的有机载体的含量没有特别限制,通常的含量做成例如粘合剂为1~5质量%左右、溶剂为10~50质量%左右即可。另外,各膏体中,也可以根据需要含有从各种分散剂、增塑剂、电介质、绝缘体等中选择的添加物。它们的总含量优选设为10质量%以下。
在使用印刷法的情况下,将电介质层用膏体及内部电极层用膏体在PET等基板上印刷、叠层,并切割成规定形状之后,从基板剥离,制成生坯芯片。
另外,在使用片材法的情况下,使用电介质层用膏体形成生坯片材,在生坯片材上印刷内部电极层用膏体,之后将它们叠层,切割成规定形状,制成生坯芯片。
(脱粘合剂,烧结,退火)
在烧结之前,对生坯芯片实施脱粘合剂处理。作为脱粘合剂条件,优选将升温速度设为5~300℃/小时,优选将保持温度设为180~900℃,优选将温度保持时间设为0.5~24小时。另外,脱粘合剂氛围设为空气或还原性氛围。
在脱粘合剂之后,进行生坯芯片的烧结。生坯芯片烧结时的氛围可以根据内部电极层用膏体中的导电材料的种类适当决定,但在使用Ni或Ni合金等的贱金属作为导电材料的情况下,烧结氛围中的氧分压优选设为10-14~10-10MPa。氧分压小于上述范围时,内部电极层的导电材料有时会引起异常烧结而中断。另外,氧分压超过上述范围时,内部电极层有氧化的倾向。
另外,烧结时的保持温度优选为1000~1400℃,更优选为1100~1360℃。如果保持温度低于上述范围,致密化不充分,如果超过上述范围,则容易产生由内部电极层的异常烧结引起的电极的中断、或由内部电极层构成材料的扩散引起的容量温度特性的恶化、电介质陶瓷组合物的还原。
作为除此以外的烧结条件,优选将升温速度设为50~2000℃/小时,更优选设为200~300℃/小时,优选将温度保持时间设为0.5~8小时,更优选设为1~3小时,优选将冷却速度设为50~2000℃/小时,更优选设为200~300℃/小时。另外,烧结气氛优选设为还原性气氛,作为氛围气体,例如可以将N2和H2的混合气体加湿来使用。
优选在还原性氛围中烧结之后,对电容器元件主体施加退火。退火是用于将电介质层再氧化的处理,由此可以显著延长寿命,因此,可靠性提高。
退火氛围中的氧分压优选设为10-9~10-5MPa。如果氧分压小于上述范围,电介质层的再氧化困难,如果超过上述范围时,则内部电极层有氧化进行的倾向。
退火时的保持温度优选设为1100℃以下,特别优选设为500~1100℃。如果保持温度低于上述范围,电介质层的氧化会变得不充分,因此,绝缘电阻降低,且高温负载寿命容易变短。另一方面,如果保持温度超过上述范围,则不仅内部电极层氧化且容量降低,而且内部电极层与电介质基体反应,而容易产生容量温度特性的恶化、绝缘电阻的降低、高温负载寿命的降低。此外,退火也可以仅由升温过程及降温过程构成。即,也可以将温度保持时间设为零。在该情况下,保持温度与最高温度同义。
作为除此以外的退火条件,优选将温度保持时间设为0~20小时,更优选设为2~10小时,优选将冷却速度设为50~500℃/小时,更优选设为100~300℃/小时。另外,作为退火的氛围气体,例如,优选使用N2或N2+H2O气体等。
脱粘合剂处理、烧结及退火也可以连续进行,也可以独立地进行。
在如上所述得到的电容器元件主体上,通过例如滚筒研磨或喷砂等实施端面研磨,涂布外部电极用膏体进行烧结,形成外部电极4。然后,根据需要,对外部电极4表面,通过电镀等形成包覆层。
这样制造的本实施方式的叠层陶瓷电容器通过焊接等安装于印刷基板上等,并用于各种电子设备等。
以上,对本发明的实施方式进行了说明,但本发明不被上述的实施方式任何限定,可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的范围内进行各种改变。
例如,上述的实施方式中,作为本发明的电子部件示例了叠层陶瓷电容器,但作为本发明的电子部件,不限定于叠层陶瓷电容器,只要具有上述结构的电介质层即可。
如上所述,本发明的电子部件的IR特性及高温负载寿命优异,因此,特别适合用作额定电压较高的(例如100V以上的)中高压用途的叠层陶瓷电容器。
实施例
以下,基于更详细的实施例说明本发明,但本发明不限定于这些实施例。
(电介质原料的制备)
作为主成分原料,分别准备碳酸钡(BaCO3)、碳酸钙(CaCO3)、碳酸锶(SrCO3)、氧化钛(TiO2)及氧化锆(ZrO2)。另外,准备稀土氧化物作为第一副成分原料,准备氧化镁(MgO)作为第二副成分原料,准备Mn及Cr的氧化物作为第三副成分的原料,准备Si及Al的氧化物作为第四副成分的原料。
以烧成后的组成成为表1所示的组成的方式,称量上述主成分及副成分原料。称重后将各原料进行混合。混合通过利用球磨机进行20小时的湿式混合搅拌来实施。将湿式混合搅拌后的配合物进行了脱水干燥。在脱水干燥后,从室温至1100℃以100℃/小时进行升温,并以1100℃煅烧5小时,根据需要进行粉碎,得到煅烧原料(电介质原料)的粉末。
(电介质层膏体的制备)
接着,将得到的电介质原料:100质量份、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂:10质量份、作为增塑剂的邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP):5质量份、作为溶剂的醇:100质量份利用球磨机进行混合从而膏体化,得到电介质层用膏体。
(内部电极层用膏体的制备)
另外,在上述之外,将Ni颗粒:44.6质量份、萜品醇:52质量份、乙基纤维素:3质量份、苯并三唑:0.4质量份利用三辊进行混炼并进行膏体化,从而制作了内部电极层用膏体。
(生坯芯片的制备)
然后,使用通过上述制作的电介质层用膏体,在PET膜上,以干燥后的厚度成为15μm的方式形成生坯片材。接着,在生坯片材上使用内部电极层用膏体,以规定图案印刷了电极层后,从PET膜剥离片材,制作了具有电极层的生坯片材。接着,将具有电极层的生坯片材叠层多片,并进行加压粘接,从而制成了生坯叠层体,通过将该生坯叠层体切割成规定尺寸,从而得到了生坯芯片。
(叠层陶瓷电容器的制备)
接下来,对所得到的生坯芯片,在下述条件下进行脱粘合剂处理、烧结及退火,从而得到了成为元件主体的烧结体。
脱粘合剂处理条件设为:升温速度:25℃/小时,保持温度:260℃,温度保持时间:8小时,气氛:空气中。
烧结条件设为:升温速度:200℃/小时,保持温度:1200~1300℃,将保持时间设为2小时。降温速度设为200℃/小时。此外,氛围气体设为加湿后的N2+H2混合气体,并使氧分压成为10-13MPa。
退火条件设为升温速度:200℃/小时,保持温度:1050℃,温度保持时间:2小时,降温速度:200℃/小时,氛围气体:加湿了的N2气(氧分压:10-6MPa)。
此外,在烧结及退火时的氛围气体的加湿中使用了加湿器。
接着,通过喷砂研磨了所得到的烧结体的端面之后,作为外部电极,涂布In-Ga合金,得到了图1所示的叠层陶瓷电容器的试样。得到的电容器试样的尺寸为3.2mm×1.6mm×0.6mm,电介质层的厚度设为10μm,内部电极层的厚度设为1.0μm,夹持于内部电极层的电介质层的层数设为5。
对于得到的电容器试样,分别通过下述所示的方法进行绝缘电阻(IR)及高温负载寿命(MTTF)的测定。
绝缘电阻(IR)
对于电容器试样,使用绝缘电阻计(Advantest株式会社制造R8340A),在20℃下对电容器试样施加10秒钟的500V的直流电压,并测定施加后放置50秒之后的绝缘电阻IR。本实施例中,将5.0×1011Ω以上作为良好(A),将2.0×1012Ω以上作为优良(S),将低于5.0×1011Ω作为不良(F)。
高温负载寿命(MTTF)
对于电容器试样,以200℃在60V/μm的电场下保持直流电压的施加状态,并测定电容器试样的绝缘劣化时间,由此,评价了高温负载寿命。在本实施例中,将从施加电压开始到绝缘电阻下降1位的时间定义为寿命。另外,本实施例中,对10个电容器试样进行了上述评价,并将对其通过威布尔分析而算出的平均故障时间(Mean Time ToFailure)定义为该试样的高温负载寿命。在本实施例中,将20小时以上作为良好(A),将40小时以上作为优良(S),将低于20小时作为不良(F)。
将以上结果在下表中汇总。表中,带※记号的试样是权利要求1的范围外的试样,以斜体表示的数值是脱离权利要求1的规定的数值。副成分的含量是指换算为规定的氧化物的含量。另外,在使用了多个成分的情况下一并记载,并且一并记载了其含量。例如(Si,Al)(1.6,0.6)是指并用了Si氧化物1.6摩尔和Al氧化物0.6摩尔的试样。
对于试样25~39,图2中示出了高温负载寿命(MTTF)与比值R/(M+N)的关系,图3中示出了IR特性与比值R/(M+N)的关系。【表1】
根据试样25~39以及图2、图3可知,如果R/(M+N)较高,高温负载寿命提高,IR特性有降低的倾向,如果R/(M+N)较低,得到较高的IR,但高温负载寿命有降低的倾向。根据该结果可知,1.0≤R/(M+N)≤2.4的范围中,可兼得较高的IR特性和优异的高温负载寿命。
试样1~4中可知,如果主成分的m值较小,由于烧结过多(异常晶粒生长),IR特性变低,如果m值较大,不易进行副成分的固溶,因此,高温负载寿命低。
从试样9~12可知,通过利用Zr置换Ti位(BaTiO3→BaTi1-ZZrZO3),则能带隙变高,可提高电阻。另一方面,如果Zr过剩,则能够防止稀土元素向主成分中的固溶,因此,高温负载寿命变低。
试样13~16中可知,如果第一副成分的含量小,则不能抑制氧缺陷的移动,并且高温负载寿命变低,如果第一副成分的含量较大,则IR特性有降低的倾向。
试样17~20中可知,如果第二副成分的含量小,则IR特性变低,如果第二副成分的含量大,则高温负载寿命有降低的倾向。
从试样21~24可知,即使第三副成分的含量过大,即使过小,IR特性均变差。
从试样49及59~62可知,烧结助剂的使用量优选为2.5摩尔以上。

Claims (19)

1.一种电介质陶瓷组合物,其特征在于,包含:
由以组成式(Ba1-x-ySrxCay)m(Ti1-ZZrZ)O3表示的钙钛矿型化合物构成的主成分,其中,所述m、x、y、z全部表示摩尔比,且分别满足0.94≤m≤1.1,0≤x≤0.2,0≤y≤0.2,0.06≤z<0.2;
由稀土元素R的氧化物构成的第一副成分,其中,R为选自Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb及Lu的至少一种;
由Mg的氧化物构成的第二副成分;
由选自Mn、Cr、Co及Fe的至少一种元素M的氧化物构成的第三副成分;和
作为烧结助剂的第四副成分,
相对于所述主成分100摩尔,第一副成分的换算为氧化物RO3/2的比率为8~20摩尔,第二副成分的换算为氧化物MgO的比率为3~15摩尔,第三副成分的换算为氧化物MO的比率为0.6~2.0摩尔,
相对于所述主成分100摩尔,在将第一副成分的含量设为R摩尔,将第二副成分的含量设为M摩尔,将第三副成分的含量设为N摩尔时,1.0≤R/(M+N)≤2.4。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电介质陶瓷组合物,其中,
所述主成分的组成式中的m为0.95≤m<0.99。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电介质陶瓷组合物,其中,
所述主成分的组成式中的z为0.1≤z≤0.15。
4.根据权利要求2所述的电介质陶瓷组合物,其中,
所述主成分的组成式中的z为0.1≤z≤0.15。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电介质陶瓷组合物,其中,
相对于所述主成分100摩尔,第一副成分的换算为氧化物的比率为11~20摩尔,第二副成分的换算为氧化物的比率为6~10摩尔,第三副成分的换算为氧化物的比率为1.0~2.0摩尔。
6.根据权利要求2所述的电介质陶瓷组合物,其中,
相对于所述主成分100摩尔,第一副成分的换算为氧化物的比率为11~20摩尔,第二副成分的换算为氧化物的比率为6~10摩尔,第三副成分的换算为氧化物的比率为1.0~2.0摩尔。
7.根据权利要求3所述的电介质陶瓷组合物,其中,
相对于所述主成分100摩尔,第一副成分的换算为氧化物的比率为11~20摩尔,第二副成分的换算为氧化物的比率为6~10摩尔,第三副成分的换算为氧化物的比率为1.0~2.0摩尔。
8.根据权利要求4所述的电介质陶瓷组合物,其中,
相对于所述主成分100摩尔,第一副成分的换算为氧化物的比率为11~20摩尔,第二副成分的换算为氧化物的比率为6~10摩尔,第三副成分的换算为氧化物的比率为1.0~2.0摩尔。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电介质陶瓷组合物,其中,
相对于所述主成分100摩尔,第一副成分的含量R摩尔、第二副成分的含量M摩尔和第三副成分的含量N摩尔满足1.6≤R/(M+N)≤2.2。
10.根据权利要求2所述的电介质陶瓷组合物,其中,
相对于所述主成分100摩尔,第一副成分的含量R摩尔、第二副成分的含量M摩尔和第三副成分的含量N摩尔满足1.6≤R/(M+N)≤2.2。
11.根据权利要求3所述的电介质陶瓷组合物,其中,
相对于所述主成分100摩尔,第一副成分的含量R摩尔、第二副成分的含量M摩尔和第三副成分的含量N摩尔满足1.6≤R/(M+N)≤2.2。
12.根据权利要求4所述的电介质陶瓷组合物,其中,
相对于所述主成分100摩尔,第一副成分的含量R摩尔、第二副成分的含量M摩尔和第三副成分的含量N摩尔满足1.6≤R/(M+N)≤2.2。
13.根据权利要求5所述的电介质陶瓷组合物,其中,
相对于所述主成分100摩尔,第一副成分的含量R摩尔、第二副成分的含量M摩尔和第三副成分的含量N摩尔满足1.6≤R/(M+N)≤2.2。
14.根据权利要求6所述的电介质陶瓷组合物,其中,
相对于所述主成分100摩尔,第一副成分的含量R摩尔、第二副成分的含量M摩尔和第三副成分的含量N摩尔满足1.6≤R/(M+N)≤2.2。
15.根据权利要求7所述的电介质陶瓷组合物,其中,
相对于所述主成分100摩尔,第一副成分的含量R摩尔、第二副成分的含量M摩尔和第三副成分的含量N摩尔满足1.6≤R/(M+N)≤2.2。
16.根据权利要求8所述的电介质陶瓷组合物,其中,
相对于所述主成分100摩尔,第一副成分的含量R摩尔、第二副成分的含量M摩尔和第三副成分的含量N摩尔满足1.6≤R/(M+N)≤2.2。
17.根据权利要求1~16中任一项所述的电介质陶瓷组合物,其中,
相对于所述主成分100摩尔,第四副成分的换算为氧化物的比率为2.5摩尔以上。
18.一种电子部件,其中,
含有权利要求1~17中任一项所述的电介质陶瓷组合物。
19.一种叠层陶瓷电容器,其中,
具有含有权利要求1~17中任一项所述的电介质陶瓷组合物的电介质层和内部电极层。
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