CN107253029B - Keyway processing method and tooling to ensure consistent crankshaft angle of double-point punch machine - Google Patents
Keyway processing method and tooling to ensure consistent crankshaft angle of double-point punch machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN107253029B CN107253029B CN201710579670.7A CN201710579670A CN107253029B CN 107253029 B CN107253029 B CN 107253029B CN 201710579670 A CN201710579670 A CN 201710579670A CN 107253029 B CN107253029 B CN 107253029B
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明公开了双点冲床领域内的一种确保双点冲床曲轴转角一致的键槽加工方法及工装，该方法包括如下步骤：模拟装配，将左齿轮和右齿轮模拟啮合装配，模拟左曲轴和右曲轴的转角一致；确定待加工曲轴键槽位置和齿轮键槽位置；键槽加工，在数控铣床工作台上通过工装定位曲轴，铣出曲轴键槽，在数控插床工作台上通过工装定位齿轮，插削出齿轮键槽；该工装包括，数控铣床工作台设置有V形定位块一、定位块二和压紧机构一；数控插床工作台上平放有待加工齿轮和压紧机构二，齿轮上侧安装定位压板，定位压板上设有定位基准线，定位压板下侧设有至少两个定位销。本发明一次完成键槽加工，提高键槽加工效率和装配效率。
The invention discloses a keyway processing method and tooling in the field of double-point punch machines to ensure consistent crankshaft angles of the double-point punch machine. The method includes the following steps: simulating assembly, simulating the meshing assembly of the left gear and the right gear, simulating the left crankshaft and the right gear. The rotation angle of the crankshaft is consistent; determine the position of the crankshaft keyway to be processed and the position of the gear keyway; for keyway processing, position the crankshaft through the tooling on the CNC milling machine workbench, mill out the crankshaft keyway, position the gear through the tooling on the CNC slotting machine workbench, and insert the gear. Keyway; the tooling includes, the CNC milling machine workbench is equipped with V-shaped positioning block one, positioning block two and pressing mechanism one; the gear to be processed and the pressing mechanism two are placed flat on the CNC slotting machine workbench, and a positioning pressure plate is installed on the upper side of the gear. The positioning pressure plate is provided with a positioning reference line, and the lower side of the positioning pressure plate is provided with at least two positioning pins. The invention completes the keyway processing at one time and improves the keyway processing efficiency and assembly efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of double-point punching machines, and particularly relates to a method and a tool for machining a crankshaft and a gear key slot of a double-point punching machine.
Background
In the prior art, a slide block of a double-point punching machine is driven by two connecting rods simultaneously, a power system drives a driving gear to rotate, the driving gear is meshed with a left gear and a right gear simultaneously, the left gear and the right gear are respectively arranged on a left crankshaft and a right crankshaft, the two crankshafts are arranged in parallel, and the two connecting rods respectively hinged to the left crankshaft and the right crankshaft are connected with the slide block. Compared with a single-point punch, the punching precision of the double-point punch is higher, and the punching speed can be faster.
In order to ensure that the sliding block stably slides up and down, the two-point punch press must ensure that the rotation angles of two crankshafts are consistent during operation, and the crankshafts are connected with the gears through keys, so that key grooves are respectively machined on the crankshafts and the gears in the assembling process of the crankshaft gears of the two-point punch press. At present, a method for matching key slots is adopted in the assembly process of a crankshaft of a double-point punch press, and the method comprises the following steps: firstly, respectively processing key grooves on a left crankshaft, a right crankshaft and a left gear, then, assembling the left crankshaft and the left gear through a flat key, sleeving the right gear on the right crankshaft, manually climbing the left gear without the flat key between the right crankshaft and the right gear, driving the right gear to rotate by the left gear, simultaneously rotating the left crankshaft and the right crankshaft, climbing the left gear for a plurality of times, respectively measuring whether the heights of the left crankshaft and the right crankshaft are consistent through a dial indicator when the rotation angles of the left gear are different angles such as 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 180 degrees, and the like, if the heights of the left crankshaft and the right crankshaft are consistent, the rotation angles of the left crankshaft and the right crankshaft are consistent, corresponding to the key grooves on the right crankshaft, marking the position of the key groove to be processed on the right gear, and then, removing the right gear and then inserting the key groove on a slotting machine; after the key slot is inserted, the right gear is assembled on the right crankshaft through the flat key, and the crankshaft assembly of the double-point punch is completed. According to the method, the key slot positions are marked manually, the precision of the processed key slot positions is low, errors are easy to exist, the left crankshaft and the right crankshaft cannot synchronously rotate, and the stability of up-and-down sliding of the sliding block is affected; the dial indicator is needed to verify whether the heights of the left crankshaft and the right crankshaft are consistent at a plurality of positions, so that the left crankshaft and the right crankshaft are troublesome, the checking error exists, the key groove is machined after the right gear is disassembled for the second time, the key groove machining efficiency is low, the time and the labor are consumed, and the labor capacity is increased; because the right gear needs to be disassembled and then processed, a processing step is added between a key groove processing workshop and a workshop for assembling the crankshaft, and finally the assembly efficiency of the crankshaft gear of the double-point punch is reduced, and the production efficiency is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a key slot processing method for ensuring consistent crank angles of a double-point punch press, which is characterized in that key slots are automatically processed on a gear and a crank shaft through a numerical control machine tool to replace manual marks, so that errors are reduced and processing precision is improved; the key slot machining on the left gear, the left crankshaft, the right gear and the right crankshaft is finished once, secondary machining is avoided, the key slot machining efficiency is improved, a worker can assemble the crankshaft gear onto the punch press conveniently, time and labor are saved, and the assembly efficiency of the whole punch press is improved.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way: a key groove processing method for ensuring consistent crank angle of a double-point punch press, which is used for processing key grooves on a left crank shaft and a right crank shaft and processing key grooves on a left gear and a right gear respectively arranged on main shaft journals of the left crank shaft and the right crank shaft, wherein the shape and the size of the left gear and the right gear are the same, and the shape and the size of the left crank shaft and the right crank shaft are the same, the method comprises the following steps:
1) Simulation assembly: the method comprises the steps of simulating meshing assembly of a left gear and a right gear, simulating rotation angles of the left crankshaft and the right crankshaft to be consistent, enabling center connecting lines of left tooth tops of the left gear and right tooth grooves of the right gear to coincide with horizontal lines, enabling connecting rod journals of the left crankshaft and the right crankshaft to be located at top dead center positions or bottom dead center positions at the same time, assembling a left flat key between the left gear and the left crankshaft, and assembling a right flat key between the right gear and the right crankshaft, wherein centers of the left flat key and the right flat key are located on the center connecting lines;
2) Determining the position of a key groove to be machined:
crankshaft keyway position: the central angles formed by the key groove axes on the two crankshafts and the connecting rod journal axis relative to the main shaft journal axis are 90 degrees;
gear keyway position: when the number of teeth of the gears is odd, the centers of key grooves of the two gears are positioned on the central connecting line of the tooth tops on the left side and the tooth grooves on the right side; when the number of teeth of the gears is even, the key slot center of the left gear is positioned on the central connecting line of the left tooth top and the right tooth top, and the key slot center of the right gear is positioned on the central connecting line of the left tooth slot and the right tooth slot;
3) Key groove processing:
machining a crankshaft key groove: placing V-shaped positioning blocks I on the left side and the right side of a numerical control milling machine workbench, coaxially arranging the two positioning blocks I, respectively supporting spindle journals at two ends of a crankshaft to be milled on the corresponding positioning blocks I, placing the V-shaped positioning blocks II on the numerical control milling machine workbench, supporting a connecting rod journal of the crankshaft on the positioning blocks II, enabling the spindle journals of the crankshaft and the connecting rod journal to be positioned in the same horizontal plane, tightly pressing the upper side of the crankshaft by a first pressing mechanism, moving a milling cutter of the numerical control milling machine to the spindle journal of the to-be-milled groove, aligning an origin I by the numerical control milling machine, inputting instructions to the numerical control milling machine, enabling the milling cutter to start rotating movement and longitudinal feeding movement simultaneously, and milling a crankshaft key groove on the upper side of the spindle journal;
gear key groove processing: the gear to be processed is horizontally placed on a numerical control slotting machine workbench, the gear axis is coincided with the workbench axis, a positioning pressing plate is installed on the upper side of the gear, a positioning datum line is arranged on the positioning pressing plate, at least two positioning pins are arranged on the lower side of the positioning pressing plate, the positioning pin axis is parallel to the gear axis, each positioning pin is clamped into a corresponding tooth slot, the positioning datum line compresses the gear through the center of a key slot to be processed, a compressing mechanism II compresses the gear, a numerical control slotting machine aligns an origin II, an instruction is input to the numerical control slotting machine, the slotting tool performs vertical lifting motion, and a gear key slot is axially inserted and cut on the inner wall of a gear center hole.
As a further improvement of the invention, the numerical control milling machine in the step 3) aligns the first origin by the following steps: and setting an X axis or a Y axis of a numerical control milling machine coordinate system of a generatrix of the spindle journal of the to-be-milled groove at the upper side, and setting an intersection point of the end face of the crankshaft and the generatrix as an origin I. The technical scheme can be used for quickly aligning the first origin, and the machining efficiency of the numerical control milling machine is improved.
As a further improvement of the invention, after the numerical control milling machine aligns the first origin, a distance instruction between a key groove to be processed and the first origin is input to the numerical control milling machine, and the milling machine mills the groove. After inputting the distance instruction of keyway and origin one, milling machine milling cutter just begins the milling flutes, convenient operation, and positioning error is little, and machining precision is high.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the numerical control slotting machine in the step 3) aligns the second origin by: setting a positioning datum line as an X axis or a Y axis of a numerical control slotting machine coordinate system, and setting an intersection point of a gear axis and the positioning datum line as an origin II. The technical scheme can be used for quickly aligning the second origin, and the machining efficiency of the numerical control slotting machine is improved.
As a further improvement of the invention, after the numerical control slotting machine aligns the second origin, a distance instruction between a key groove to be machined and the second origin is input to the numerical control slotting machine, and the slotting tool slotting the groove. After the distance instruction of the key groove and the original point II is input, the slotting cutter begins to slotting the key groove, the operation is convenient, the positioning error is small, and the machining precision is high.
The second object of the invention is to provide a tool for the keyway processing method for ensuring consistent crank angles of the double-point punch press, wherein the tool can respectively position a crank shaft and a gear on a numerical control milling machine workbench and a numerical control slotting machine workbench, so that the numerical control milling machine and the numerical control slotting machine can conveniently and quickly find a first origin and a second origin of coordinates, and carry out subsequent keyway processing.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way: the key slot machining tool for ensuring the consistent crank angle of the double-point punch comprises a horizontal numerical control milling machine workbench and a numerical control slotting machine workbench, wherein the left side and the right side of the numerical control milling machine workbench are respectively provided with a V-shaped positioning block I, the two positioning blocks I are coaxially arranged, the numerical control milling machine workbench is also provided with a V-shaped positioning block II, spindle journals at two ends of a crankshaft to be milled are respectively supported on the corresponding positioning blocks I, a connecting rod journal of the crankshaft is supported on the positioning blocks II, the axes of the spindle journals and the connecting rod journals are positioned in the same horizontal plane, and the numerical control milling machine workbench is also provided with a pressing mechanism I for pressing the crankshaft; the gear to be processed is horizontally placed on the numerical control slotting machine workbench, the gear coincides with the axis of the numerical control slotting machine workbench, a second pressing mechanism for pressing the gear is arranged on the numerical control slotting machine workbench, a positioning pressing plate is installed on the upper side of the gear, a positioning datum line is arranged on the positioning pressing plate, a through hole capable of allowing a slotting tool to move up and down is vertically formed in the positioning pressing plate, at least two positioning pins are arranged on the lower side of the positioning pressing plate, the axis of each positioning pin is parallel to the axis of the gear, and each positioning pin is clamped into a corresponding tooth slot.
In order to ensure that the main shaft journal and the connecting rod journal of the crankshaft are positioned in the same horizontal plane, an adjusting gasket is arranged below the first positioning block. The V-shaped surface of the second positioning block corresponds to the V-shaped surface of the first positioning block by changing the height of the adjusting gasket, so that the main shaft journal and the connecting rod journal of the crankshaft are ensured to be in the same horizontal plane.
As a further improvement of the invention, when the number of teeth of the gear is odd, one end of the positioning pressing plate is provided with a pair of fixed positioning pins symmetrically distributed on two sides of the positioning datum line, the other end of the positioning pressing plate is provided with an adjusting groove capable of accommodating the movement of the movable positioning pins, the two fixed positioning pins are respectively clamped into two adjacent tooth grooves on one side of the gear, the movable positioning pins are clamped into the tooth grooves on the other side of the gear, tooth grooves on the other side and tooth tops in the middle of the two fixed positioning pins are positioned on the same diameter of the gear, the positioning pressing plate has magnetism, the positioning pressing plate is tightly attracted with clamping blocks made of magnetic materials, the clamping blocks are provided with clamping grooves matched with the movable positioning pins, and the clamping blocks clamp the movable positioning pins in the corresponding tooth grooves. The fixed locating pins are clamped into corresponding tooth grooves, the positions of the movable locating pins are adjusted in the adjusting grooves, the movable locating pins are clamped into corresponding tooth grooves, and the clamping blocks provide lateral clamping force for the movable locating pins to clamp the movable locating pins.
As a further improvement of the invention, when the number of teeth of the gear is even, the positioning pressing plate is respectively corresponding to the left gear and the right gear, one end of the positioning pressing plate corresponding to the left gear is provided with a pair of fixed positioning pins symmetrically distributed on two sides of a positioning datum line, the other end of the positioning pressing plate is provided with a pair of adjusting grooves capable of allowing the movable positioning pins to move, the two adjusting grooves are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the positioning datum line, the two fixed positioning pins are respectively clamped into two adjacent tooth grooves on one side of the gear, the two movable positioning pins are respectively clamped into two adjacent tooth grooves on the other side of the gear, and tooth tops in the middle of the two fixed positioning pins and tooth tops in the middle of the two movable positioning pins are positioned on the same diameter of the gear; the two ends of the positioning pressing plate corresponding to the right gear are respectively provided with a fixed positioning pin and a movable positioning pin, the centers of the lower end surfaces of the fixed positioning pin and the movable positioning pin are positioned on a positioning reference line, and the fixed positioning pin and the movable positioning pin are respectively clamped into tooth grooves positioned at two ends of the same diameter of the gear. When the left gear is positioned, the two fixed positioning pins are clamped into corresponding tooth grooves, the positions of the movable positioning pins are adjusted in the adjusting grooves, so that the two movable positioning pins are clamped into the corresponding tooth grooves, and the movable positioning pins are clamped by the clamping blocks; when the right gear is positioned, the fixed positioning pin and the movable positioning pin are respectively clamped into two sides of the gear, the position of the movable positioning pin is adjusted, and the movable positioning pin is clamped.
As a further improvement of the invention, the upper sides of the main shaft journals at the two ends of the crankshaft and the connecting rod journals in the middle are respectively compressed by a compression mechanism I, the compression mechanism I comprises a vertical screw rod I connected to a workbench of a numerical control milling machine, the upper end of the screw rod I is in threaded connection with an adjusting nut I, a compression plate I is horizontally arranged below the adjusting nut I, a through hole in clearance fit with the screw rod I is formed in the compression plate I, a base plate is arranged below one end of the compression plate I, and the other end of the compression plate I is pressed against the corresponding journal of the crankshaft; the second pressing mechanism comprises a second vertical screw rod connected to the numerical control slotting machine workbench, an adjusting nut is connected to the upper end of the second vertical screw rod in a threaded mode, a second pressing plate is horizontally arranged below the adjusting nut, a through hole in clearance fit with the second screw rod is formed in the second pressing plate, and the lower surface of the second pressing plate is attached to the gear. The first compression plate and the second compression plate are adjusted up and down to respectively compress the crankshaft and the gear, and the first compression plate and the second compression plate are respectively locked through the first adjusting nut and the second adjusting nut.
The method comprises the steps of simulating meshing assembly of a left gear and a right gear, simulating assembly of a flat key between the gears and corresponding crankshafts, simulating that a central connecting line of a left tooth top of the left gear and a right tooth socket of the right gear coincides with the horizontal line, simulating that connecting rod journals of the left crankshaft and the right crankshaft are simultaneously positioned at a top dead center position or a bottom dead center position, at the moment, enabling the corners of the left crankshaft and the right crankshaft to be consistent, determining positions of key grooves to be machined on the crankshafts and the gears according to a simulated assembly relation of the two gears, positioning the crankshafts to be subjected to groove milling on a numerical control milling machine workbench through a fixture, enabling axes of a main shaft journal of the crankshaft and the connecting rod journal to be positioned in the same horizontal plane, enabling the positions of the main shaft journal of the crankshaft to be subjected to groove milling to be vertically upwards, enabling an origin I to be an intersection point of a bus on the end face of the crankshaft and the upper side of the main shaft journal of the numerical control milling machine, inputting a distance instruction of the key groove and the origin I, and milling the key groove on the upper side of the main shaft journal; and positioning the gear of the key slot to be machined on a numerical control slotting machine workbench through a fixture, wherein the center of the key slot to be machined of the gear is positioned on a positioning reference line, after the numerical control slotting machine aligns the second origin, the second origin is the intersection point of the gear axis and the positioning reference line, inputting a distance instruction of the key slot and the second origin, and axially slotting the key slot on the inner wall of the gear center hole by a slotting tool. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: through simulation assembly, a key slot of a crankshaft is determined at a position which forms a 90-degree central angle with a connecting rod journal, the key slot center of a gear is determined on a positioning reference line, a fixture is used for positioning the crankshaft and the gear, a numerically controlled milling machine and a numerically controlled slotting machine are used for machining the key slot on the crankshaft and the gear, the key slot position is replaced by manually marking for machining, the error of manual marking is reduced, and the key slot machining precision is improved; the key slot machining on the left gear, the left crankshaft, the right gear and the right crankshaft is synchronously finished once, secondary reprocessing after the gears are detached is avoided, the key slot machining efficiency is improved, the assembly of the left crankshaft, the left gear, the right crankshaft and the right gear can be finished once in an assembly workshop, time and labor are saved, and the whole machine assembly efficiency of the double-point punch press is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a simulated assembly diagram of the left and right gears with the number of teeth of the gears being odd.
Fig. 2 is a simulated assembly diagram of the left and right gears with the number of teeth of the gears even.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a crank gear mounted on a punch.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a crankshaft.
Fig. 5 is a side view of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the gear.
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view AA of fig. 6.
FIG. 8 is a top view of a crankshaft placed on the first and second locating blocks.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the first positioning block and the second positioning block.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a gear and a positioning platen when the number of teeth on the gear is an odd number.
Fig. 11 is an enlarged view at B in fig. 10.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the left gear and the positioning platen when the number of teeth of the gear is even.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the right gear and the positioning pressing plate when the number of teeth of the gear is even.
FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration of machining a crankshaft keyway.
Fig. 15 is a schematic view of machining a gear keyway.
The device comprises a gear 1, a left gear 1, a right gear 1, a crankshaft 2, a main shaft journal 201, a connecting rod journal 202, a left crankshaft 2, a right crankshaft 2, a machine body 3, a crankshaft key slot 4, a gear key slot 5, a positioning block I, a positioning block II 7, a positioning gasket 8, a positioning press plate 9, a fixing positioning pin 10, a movable positioning pin 11, a clamping block 12, a regulating groove 13, a numerical control milling machine workbench 14, a screw rod I15, a regulating nut I16, a pressing plate I17, a backing plate 18, a milling cutter 19, a numerical control slotting machine workbench 20, a screw rod II 21, a regulating nut II 23, a pressing plate II 24, a positioning reference line 25, a left flat key 26a and a right flat key 26 b.
Description of the embodiments
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 11 and fig. 14 and 15, a key groove processing method for ensuring consistent crank angle of a double-point punch press is used for processing key grooves on a left crank shaft 2a and a right crank shaft 2b and processing key grooves on a left gear 1a and a right gear 1b respectively mounted on main shaft journals 201 of the left crank shaft 2a and the right crank shaft 2b, the shape and the size of the left gear 1a and the right gear 1b are the same, and the shape and the size of the left crank shaft 2a and the right crank shaft 2b are the same, the method comprising the steps of:
1) Simulation assembly: the method comprises the steps of performing simulated meshing assembly on a left gear 1a and a right gear 1b, simulating rotation angles of the left crankshaft 2a and the right crankshaft 2b to be consistent, enabling center connecting lines of tooth tops on the left side of the left gear 1a and tooth grooves on the right side of the right gear 1b to coincide with horizontal lines, enabling connecting rod journals 202 of the left crankshaft 2a and the right crankshaft 2b to be located at a top dead center position or a bottom dead center position at the same time, assembling a left flat key 26a between the left gear 1a and the left crankshaft 2 a', and assembling a right flat key 26b between the right gear 1b and the right crankshaft 2b, and enabling centers of the left flat key 26a and the right flat key 26b to be located on the center connecting lines;
2) Determining the position of a key groove to be machined:
crank key 4 position: the central angles formed by the key groove axes on the two crankshafts 2 and the axis of the connecting rod journal 202 relative to the axis of the main shaft journal 201 are 90 degrees;
gear keyway 5 position: when the number of teeth of the gears 1 is an odd number, the centers of the key grooves of the two gears 1 are positioned on the central connecting line of the left tooth top and the right tooth groove; when the number of teeth of the gear 1 is even, the key slot center of the left gear 1a is positioned on the central connecting line of the left tooth top and the right tooth top, and the key slot center of the right gear 1b is positioned on the central connecting line of the left tooth slot and the right tooth slot;
3) Key groove processing:
machining a crankshaft key groove: placing V-shaped positioning blocks I6 on the left side and the right side of a numerical control milling machine workbench 14, coaxially arranging the two positioning blocks I6, respectively supporting spindle journals 201 at two ends of a crankshaft 2 to be milled on the corresponding positioning blocks I6, placing V-shaped positioning blocks II 7 on the numerical control milling machine workbench 14, supporting a connecting rod journal 202 of the crankshaft 2 on the positioning blocks II 7, enabling the spindle journals 201 and 202 lines of the crankshaft 2 to be positioned in the same horizontal plane, pressing the upper side of the crankshaft 2 by a pressing mechanism I, moving a milling cutter 19 of the numerical control milling machine to the spindle journals 201 of the to-be-milled groove, aligning the original point I of the numerical control milling machine, inputting instructions to the numerical control milling machine, enabling the milling cutter 19 to start to perform rotary motion and longitudinal feeding motion simultaneously, and milling a crankshaft key groove 4 on the upper side of the spindle journals 201;
gear key groove processing: the gear 2 to be processed is horizontally placed on the numerical control slotting machine workbench 20, the axis of the gear 2 is coincident with the axis of the workbench, a positioning pressing plate 9 is installed on the upper side of the gear 2, a positioning datum line 25 is arranged on the positioning pressing plate 9, at least two positioning pins are arranged on the lower side of the positioning pressing plate 9, the axes of the positioning pins are parallel to the axis of the gear 1, the positioning pins are clamped into corresponding tooth grooves, the positioning datum line 25 passes through the center of a key groove to be processed, the gear 1 is tightly pressed by a pressing mechanism II, a command is input to a numerical control slotting machine II, a slotting tool 24 performs vertical lifting motion, and a gear key groove 5 is axially slotting out on the inner wall of a central hole of the gear 1.
The numerical control milling machine in the step 3) aligns the first origin through the following steps: the generatrix of the main shaft journal 201 of the groove to be milled on the upper side is set as an X axis or a Y axis of a numerical control milling machine coordinate system, and the intersection point of the end face of the crankshaft 2 and the generatrix is set as an origin I. After the numerical control milling machine aligns the first origin, inputting a distance instruction between a key groove to be processed and the first origin to the numerical control milling machine, and milling the groove by the milling cutter 19.
The numerical control slotting machine in the step 3) is aligned with a second origin through the following steps: the positioning reference line 25 is set as an X axis or a Y axis of a numerical control slotting machine coordinate system, and an intersection point of the axis of the gear 1 and the positioning reference line 25 is set as an origin two. After the numerical control slotting machine aligns the second origin, inputting a distance instruction between a key groove to be machined and the second origin to the numerical control slotting machine, and slotting the groove by the slotting tool 24.
The tool for the key slot processing method for ensuring the consistent crank angles of the double-point punch comprises a horizontal numerical control milling machine workbench 14 and a numerical control slotting machine workbench 20, wherein V-shaped positioning blocks I6 are arranged on the left side and the right side of the numerical control milling machine workbench 14, the two positioning blocks I6 are coaxially arranged, a V-shaped positioning block II 7 is also arranged on the numerical control milling machine workbench 14, spindle journals 201 at two ends of a crankshaft 2 to be milled are respectively supported on the corresponding positioning blocks I6, a connecting rod journal 202 of the crankshaft 2 is supported on the positioning blocks II 7, and an adjusting gasket 8 is arranged below the positioning blocks I6; the axes of the spindle journal 201 and the connecting rod journal 202 are positioned in the same horizontal plane, and a first pressing mechanism for pressing the crankshaft 2 is also arranged on the numerical control milling machine workbench 14; the gear 1 to be processed is horizontally placed on the numerical control slotting machine workbench 20, the gear 1 coincides with the axis of the numerical control slotting machine workbench 20, a second pressing mechanism for pressing the gear 1 is arranged on the numerical control slotting machine workbench 20, a positioning pressing plate 9 is installed on the upper side of the gear 1, a positioning datum line 25 is arranged on the positioning pressing plate 9, a through hole capable of allowing a slotting tool 24 to move up and down is vertically arranged on the positioning pressing plate 9, at least two positioning pins are arranged on the lower side of the positioning pressing plate 9, the axis of each positioning pin is parallel to the axis of the gear 1, and each positioning pin is clamped into a corresponding tooth socket. When the number of teeth of the gear 1 is odd, one end of the positioning pressing plate 9 is provided with a pair of fixed positioning pins 10 symmetrically distributed on two sides of the positioning datum line 25, the other end of the positioning pressing plate 9 is provided with an adjusting groove 13 capable of accommodating the movement of the movable positioning pin 11, the two fixed positioning pins 10 are respectively clamped into two adjacent tooth grooves on one side of the gear 1, the movable positioning pin 11 is clamped into the tooth groove on the other side of the gear 1, the tooth groove on the other side and the tooth top center in the middle of the two fixed positioning pins 10 are positioned on the same diameter of the gear 1, the positioning pressing plate 9 is provided with magnetism, the positioning pressing plate 9 is tightly sucked with a clamping block 12 made of magnetic materials, the clamping block 12 is provided with a clamping groove matched with the movable positioning pin 11, and the movable positioning pin 11 is clamped in the corresponding tooth groove by the clamping block 12. The upper sides of a main shaft journal 201 at two ends of a crankshaft 2 and a connecting rod journal 202 in the middle are respectively compressed by a compression mechanism I, the compression mechanism I comprises a vertical screw rod I15 connected to a numerical control milling machine workbench 14, the upper end of the screw rod I15 is in threaded connection with an adjusting nut I16, a compression plate I17 is horizontally arranged below the adjusting nut I16, a through hole in clearance fit with the screw rod I15 is formed in the compression plate I17, a backing plate 18 is arranged below one end of the compression plate I17, and the other end of the compression plate I17 is pressed against the corresponding journal of the crankshaft 2; the second pressing mechanism comprises a second vertical screw rod 21 connected to the numerical control slotting machine workbench 20, an adjusting nut 22 is connected to the upper end of the second screw rod 21 in a threaded mode, a second pressing plate 23 is horizontally arranged below the adjusting nut 22, a through hole in clearance fit with the second screw rod 21 is formed in the second pressing plate 23, and the lower surface of the second pressing plate 23 is attached to the gear.
The advantages of this embodiment are: through simulation assembly, the key slot of the crankshaft 2 is determined at a position which forms a 90-degree central angle with the connecting rod journal 202, the key slot center of the gear 1 is determined on a positioning datum line 25, the crankshaft 2 and the gear 1 are positioned by the tool fixture, the key slot is machined on the crankshaft and the gear by the numerical control milling machine and the numerical control slotting machine, the key slot is machined instead of manually marking the position of the key slot, the error of manual marking is reduced, and the machining precision of the key slot is improved; the key slot machining on the left gear 1a, the left crankshaft 2a, the right gear 1b and the right crankshaft 2b is synchronously finished once, secondary reprocessing after the gears are detached is avoided, the key slot machining efficiency is improved, the assembly of the left crankshaft, the left gear, the right crankshaft and the right gear can be finished once in an assembly workshop, time and labor are saved, and the overall assembly efficiency of the double-point punch press is improved.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 12 and 13, the difference from embodiment 1 is that: when the number of teeth of the gear 1 is even, the positioning pressing plate 9 is respectively corresponding to the left gear 1a and the right gear 1b, one end of the positioning pressing plate 9 corresponding to the left gear 1a is provided with a pair of fixed positioning pins 10 symmetrically distributed on two sides of a positioning reference line 25, the other end of the positioning pressing plate is provided with a pair of adjusting grooves 13 capable of allowing the movable positioning pins 11 to move, the two adjusting grooves 13 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the positioning reference line 25, the two fixed positioning pins 10 are respectively clamped into two adjacent tooth grooves on one side of the gear 1, the two movable positioning pins 11 are respectively clamped into two adjacent tooth grooves on the other side of the gear, and tooth tops in the middle of the two fixed positioning pins 10 and tooth tops in the middle of the two movable positioning pins 11 are positioned on the same diameter of the gear 1; the two ends of the positioning pressing plate 9 corresponding to the right gear 1b are respectively provided with a fixed positioning pin 10 and a movable positioning pin 11, the centers of the lower end surfaces of the fixed positioning pin 10 and the movable positioning pin 11 are positioned on a positioning datum line 25, and the fixed positioning pin 10 and the movable positioning pin 11 are respectively clamped into tooth grooves positioned at the two ends of the same diameter of the gear. When the left gear 1a is positioned, the two fixed positioning pins 10 are clamped into corresponding tooth grooves, the positions of the movable positioning pins 11 are adjusted in the adjusting grooves 13, so that the two movable positioning pins 11 are clamped into corresponding tooth grooves, and the movable positioning pins 11 are clamped by the clamping blocks 12; when the right gear 1b is positioned, the fixed positioning pin 10 and the movable positioning pin 11 are respectively clamped into two sides of the gear 1, the position of the movable positioning pin 11 is adjusted, and the movable positioning pin 11 is clamped.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and based on the technical solution disclosed in the invention, a person skilled in the art may make some substitutions and modifications to some technical features thereof without creative effort according to the technical content disclosed, and all the substitutions and modifications are within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108688210A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-10-23 | 广东锻压机床厂有限公司 | Two point crank synchronizing controls and two point crank synchronization adjustment method |
| CN112658737B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2024-08-06 | 重庆蓝黛传动机械有限公司 | Synchronous gear hub milling groove positioning tool and positioning method |
| CN114434328B (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2025-08-26 | 青岛江轩机械制造有限公司 | Crankshaft clearance-free machining tooling |
| CN115889911B (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2025-02-11 | 贵州航天凯星智能传动有限公司 | Odd-numbered teeth machining positioning and alignment composite device and machining method |
| CN116652631B (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2026-01-02 | 扬力集团股份有限公司 | Device and method for machining backlash-free keyways in synchronous gear transmission systems |
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